Chemical and physical experiments for children at home. The most spectacular experiments with household chemicals

Home experiments for 4-year-old children require imagination and knowledge of the simple laws of chemistry and physics. “If these sciences were not taught very well at school, you will have to make up for lost time,” many parents will think. This is not so, experiments can be very simple, not requiring special knowledge, skills and reagents, but at the same time explaining the fundamental laws of nature.

Experiments for children at home will help explain the properties of substances and the laws of their interaction using a practical example, and awaken interest in independent exploration of the world around them. Interesting physical experiments will teach children to be observant and help them think logically, establishing patterns between ongoing events and their consequences. Perhaps the kids will not become great chemists, physicists or mathematicians, but they will forever retain warm memories of parental attention in their souls.

From this article you will learn

Unfamiliar paper

Kids like to make appliqués out of paper and draw pictures. Some 4-year-old children learn the art of origami with their parents. Everyone knows that paper is soft or thick, white or colored. What can a regular white sheet of paper do if you experiment with it?

An animated paper flower

Cut out a star from a sheet of paper. Its rays bend inward in the form of a flower. Fill a cup with water and lower the star onto the surface of the water. After some time, the paper flower, as if alive, will begin to open. The water will wet the cellulose fibers that make up the paper and spread them out.

Strong bridge

This paper experiment will be interesting for children 3 years old. Ask the kids how to place an apple in the middle of a thin sheet of paper between two glasses so that it does not fall. How can you make a paper bridge strong enough to support the weight of an apple? We fold a sheet of paper into an accordion shape and place it on the supports. Now it can support the weight of the apple. This can be explained by the fact that the shape of the structure has changed, which made the paper strong enough. The properties of materials that become stronger depending on their shape are the basis for the designs of many architectural creations, for example, the Eiffel Tower.

An animated snake

Scientific evidence of the upward movement of warm air can be provided using simple experiment. A snake is cut out of paper by cutting a circle in a spiral. You can revive a paper snake very simply. A small hole is made in her head and suspended by a thread above a heat source (battery, heater, burning candle). The snake will begin to rotate quickly. The reason for this phenomenon is the upward warm flow of air, which unwinds the paper snake. This is exactly how you can make paper birds or butterflies, beautiful and colorful, by hanging them under the ceiling in your apartment. They will rotate from the movement of air, as if flying.

Who is stronger

This fun experiment will help you determine which paper shape is stronger. For the experiment you will need three sheets of office paper, glue and several thin books. A cylindrical column is glued from one sheet of paper, a triangular column from another, and a rectangular column from the third. They place the “columns” vertically and test them for strength, carefully placing books on top. As a result of the experiment, it turns out that the triangular column is the weakest, and the cylindrical column is the strongest - it will withstand the greatest weight. It is not for nothing that columns in churches and buildings are made in a cylindrical shape; the load on them is distributed evenly over the entire area.

Amazing salt

Regular salt is found in every home today; no meal can be prepared without it. You can try making beautiful children's crafts from this affordable product. All you need is salt, water, wire and a little patience.

Salt has interesting properties. It can attract water to itself, dissolving in it, thereby increasing the density of the solution. But in a supersaturated solution, the salt again turns into crystals.

To conduct an experiment with salt, bend a beautiful symmetrical snowflake or other figure from a wire. Dissolve salt in a jar of warm water until it stops dissolving. Dip a bent wire into a jar and place it in the shade for several days. As a result, the wire will become overgrown with salt crystals, and will look like a beautiful ice snowflake that will not melt.

Water and ice

Water exists in three states of aggregation: steam, liquid and ice. The purpose of this experiment is to introduce children to the properties of water and ice and compare them.

Pour water into 4 ice trays and place them in the freezer. To make it more interesting, you can tint the water with different dyes before freezing. Pour cold water into a cup and throw two ice cubes into it. Simple ice boats or icebergs will float on the surface of the water. This experiment will prove that ice is lighter than water.

While the boats are floating, the remaining ice cubes are sprinkled with salt. They'll see what happens. After a short time, before the indoor float in the cup has time to sink (if the water is quite cold), the cubes sprinkled with salt will begin to crumble. This is explained by the fact that the freezing point of salt water is lower than normal water.

Fire that doesn't burn

In ancient times, when Egypt was a powerful country, Moses fled from the wrath of Pharaoh and tended flocks in the desert. One day he saw a strange bush that was burning and did not burn. It was a special fire. Can objects that are engulfed in ordinary flame remain safe and sound? Yes, this is possible, this can be proven through experience.

For the experiment you will need a sheet of paper or a banknote. A tablespoon of alcohol and two tablespoons of water. The paper is moistened with water so that the water is absorbed into it, alcohol is poured on top and set on fire. Fire appears. This is burning alcohol. When the fire goes out, the paper will remain intact. The experimental result can be explained very simply - the combustion temperature of alcohol, as a rule, is not enough to evaporate the moisture with which the paper is impregnated.

Natural indicators

If your child wants to feel like a real chemist, you can make special paper for him that will change color depending on the acidity of the environment.

The natural indicator is prepared from the juice of red cabbage, which contains anthocyanin. This substance changes color depending on what liquid it comes into contact with. In an acidic solution, paper soaked in anthocyanin will turn yellow, in a neutral solution it will turn green, and in an alkaline solution it will turn blue.

To prepare a natural indicator, take filter paper, a head of red cabbage, cheesecloth and scissors. Chop the cabbage thinly and squeeze the juice through cheesecloth, squeezing it with your hands. Soak a sheet of paper in juice and dry. Then cut the made indicator into strips. The child can dip a piece of paper into four different liquids: milk, juice, tea or soap solution, and watch how the color of the indicator changes.

Electrification by friction

In ancient times, people noticed the special ability of amber to attract light objects if rubbed with a woolen cloth. They did not yet have knowledge about electricity, so they explained this property by the spirit living in the stone. It is from the Greek name for amber - electron - that the word electricity comes.

It’s not just amber that has such amazing properties. You can conduct a simple experiment to see how a glass rod or plastic comb attracts small pieces of paper. To do this, rub the glass with silk and the plastic with wool. They will begin to attract small pieces of paper that will stick to them. Over time, this ability of items will disappear.

You can discuss with children that this phenomenon occurs due to electrification by friction. If fabric rubs quickly against an object, sparks may occur. Lightning in the sky and thunder are also a consequence of friction of air currents and the occurrence of electrical discharges in the atmosphere.

Solutions of different densities - interesting details

You can get a multi-colored rainbow in a glass from liquids of different colors by preparing jelly and pouring it layer by layer. But there is a simpler way, although not as tasty.

To carry out the experiment you will need sugar, vegetable oil, plain water and dyes. Concentrated sweet syrup is prepared from sugar, and clean water is colored with dye. Sugar syrup is poured into a glass, then clean water is poured carefully along the wall of the glass so that the liquids do not mix, and vegetable oil is added at the end. The sugar syrup should be cold and the colored water should be warm. All liquids will remain in the glass like a small rainbow, without mixing with each other. The thickest sugar syrup will be at the bottom, the water will be at the top, and the lightest oil will be on top of the water.

Color explosion

Another interesting experiment can be carried out using different densities of vegetable oil and water, creating a color explosion in a jar. For the experiment you will need a jar of water, a few tablespoons of vegetable oil, and food coloring. In a small container, mix several dry food colors with two tablespoons of vegetable oil. Dry grains of dyes do not dissolve in oil. Now the oil is poured into a jar of water. Heavy grains of dye will settle to the bottom, gradually freeing themselves from the oil, which will remain on the surface of the water, forming colored swirls, as if from an explosion.

Home volcano

Useful geographic knowledge may not be so boring for a four-year-old if you provide a visual demonstration of a volcano erupting on an island. To carry out the experiment you will need baking soda, vinegar, 50 ml of water and the same amount of detergent.

A small plastic cup or bottle is placed in the mouth of a volcano, molded from colored plasticine. But first, baking soda is poured into a glass, water tinted red and detergent are poured. When the improvised volcano is ready, a little vinegar is poured into its mouth. A rapid foaming process begins due to the fact that soda and vinegar react. “Lava” formed by red foam begins to pour out of the volcano’s mouth.

Experiments for 4-year-old children, as you have seen, do not require complex reagents. But they are no less fascinating, especially with an interesting story about the reason for what is happening.

Parents of little fidgets can surprise them with experiments that can be carried out at home. Light, but at the same time surprising and delightful, they can not only diversify a child’s leisure time, but also allow them to look at familiar things with completely different eyes. And discover their properties, functions, purpose.

Young naturalists

Experiments at home, great for children under 10 years of age, are the best way to help your child gain practical experience that will be useful in the future.

Safety precautions when conducting experiments

To ensure that educational experiments are not overshadowed by troubles and injuries, it is enough to remember a few simple but important rules.

1. Before you start working with chemicals, the work surface must be protected by covering it with film or paper. This will save parents from unnecessary cleaning and will preserve the appearance and functionality of the furniture.
2. During work, you do not need to get too close to the reagents, bending over them. Especially if your plans include chemical experiments for young children that involve unsafe substances. The measure will protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes from irritation and burns.
3. If possible, you should use protective equipment: gloves, glasses. They must be suitable in size for the child and not interfere with him during the experiment.

Simple experiments for little ones

Developmental experiences and experiments for very young children (or for children under 10 years old) are usually simple and do not require parents to have any special skills or rare or expensive equipment. But the joy of discovery and miracle, which is so easy to do with your own hands, will remain with him for a long time.

For example, children will be indescribably delighted by a real seven-color rainbow, which they can create themselves with the help of an ordinary mirror, a container of water and a sheet of white paper.

To begin with, place a mirror at the bottom of a small basin or bathtub. Then, it is filled with water; and the light of the lantern is directed onto the mirror. After the light is reflected and passes through the water, it is decomposed into its component colors, becoming the same rainbow that can be seen on a sheet of white paper.

Another very simple and beautiful experiment can be carried out using ordinary water, wire and salt.

To begin the experiment, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution. Calculating the required concentration of a substance is quite simple: with the required amount of salt in water, it stops dissolving when the next portion is added. It is very good to use warm distilled water for this purpose. To make the experiment more successful, the finished solution can also be poured into another container - this will remove dirt and make it cleaner.

When everything is ready, a small piece of copper wire with a loop at the end is lowered into the solution. The container itself is removed to a warm place and left there for a certain time. As the solution begins to cool, the solubility of the salt will decrease and it will begin to settle on the wire in the form of beautiful crystals. You will be able to notice the first results within a few days. By the way, you can use not only ordinary, straight wire in the experiment: by twisting fancy figures from it, you can grow crystals of very different sizes and shapes. By the way, this experiment will give your child a great idea for New Year's toys in the form of real ice snowflakes - you just need to find a flexible wire and form a beautiful symmetrical snowflake out of it.

Invisible ink can also make a lasting impression on a child. It’s very simple to prepare them: just take a cup of water, matches, cotton wool, half a lemon. And a sheet on which you can write text.

First, mix equal amounts of lemon juice and water in a cup. Then, a little cotton wool is wrapped around a toothpick or a thin match. The resulting “pencil” is dipped into the mixture in the resulting liquid; Then they can write any text on a piece of paper.

Even though the words on paper will be completely invisible at first, it will be very easy to manifest them. To do this, a sheet of already dried ink needs to be brought to the lamp. The written words will immediately appear on a heated sheet of paper.

Which child doesn't love balloons?

It turns out that you can even inflate an ordinary balloon in a very original way. To do this, dissolve one spoon of baking soda in a bottle of water. And in another cup, mix the juice of one lemon and three tablespoons of vinegar. Afterwards, the contents of the cup are introduced into the bottle (for convenience, you can use a small funnel). The ball must be placed on the neck of the bottle as quickly as possible until the chemical reaction is completed. During this time, carbon dioxide will be able to quickly inflate the balloon under pressure. To prevent the ball from jumping off the neck of the bottle, it can be secured with electrical tape or tape.

Colored milk looks very interesting and unusual, the colors of which will move, intricately mixing with each other. For this experiment, you need to pour some whole milk into a plate and add a few drops of food coloring to it. Individual areas of the liquid will turn different colors, but the spots will remain motionless. How to set them in motion? Very simple. It is enough to take a small cotton swab and, after dipping it in detergent, bring it to the surface of the colored milk. By reacting with the milk fat molecules, the detergent molecules will cause it to move.

Important! Skim milk is not suitable for this experiment. Only whole ones can be used!

Surely all children have had the opportunity to observe funny air bubbles in mineral or sweet water at home and on the street. But are they strong enough to lift a grain of corn or raisin to the surface? It turns out yes! To check this, just pour any sparkling water into a bottle, and then throw some corn or raisins into it. The child will see for himself how easily, under the influence of air bubbles, both corn and raisins will begin to rise up, and then, having reached the surface of the liquid, fall down again.

Experiments for older children

Older children (from 10 years old) can be offered more complex chemical experiments that require more components. These experiments are a little more difficult for older children, but children can already take part in them.

To comply with safety precautions, children under 10 years of age should conduct experiments under the strict supervision of adults, mainly as a spectator. Children over 10 years old can take a more active part in the experiments.

An example of such an experiment would be the creation of a lava lamp. Surely many children dream of such a miracle. But it’s much more pleasant to make it yourself, using simple components that are probably found in every home.

The basis of the lava lamp will be a small jar or an ordinary glass. In addition, for the experiment you will need vegetable oil, water, salt and a little food coloring.

The jar or other container used as the base of the lamp is filled two-thirds with water and one-third with oil. Since oil is much lighter in weight than water, it will remain on its surface without mixing with it. Then, a little food coloring is added to the jar - this will give the lava lamp color and make the experiment more beautiful and spectacular. And after that, add a teaspoon of salt to the resulting mixture. For what? Salt causes the oil to sink to the bottom in the form of bubbles, and then, dissolving, pushes them up.

The following chemical experiment will help make a school subject like geography exciting and interesting.

After all, studying volcanoes is much more interesting when there is not just a dry book text nearby, but a whole model! Especially if you can easily do it at home with your own hands, using available means at hand: sand, food coloring, soda, vinegar and a bottle are perfect.

To begin with, a bottle is placed on a tray - it will become the basis of the future volcano. Around it you need to mold a small cone of sand, clay or plasticine - this way the mountain will take on a more complete and believable appearance. Now you need to cause a volcanic eruption: a little warm water is poured into the bottle, then a little soda and food coloring (red or orange). The finishing touch will be a quarter glass of vinegar. Having reacted with soda, the vinegar will begin to actively push the contents of the bottle out. This explains the interesting effect of the eruption, which can be observed with the child.

Can paper burn without being burned?

It turns out yes. And an experiment with fireproof money will easily prove this. To do this, a ten-ruble banknote is immersed in a 50% alcohol solution (water is mixed with alcohol in a 1 to 1 ratio, a pinch of salt is added to it). After the bill is properly soaked, excess liquid is removed from it, and the bill itself is set on fire. Once it flares up, it will begin to burn, but will not burn out at all. This experience is quite simple to explain. The temperature at which alcohol burns is not high enough to evaporate the water. Thanks to this, even after the substance burns out completely, the money will remain slightly damp, but absolutely intact.

Young nature lovers can be encouraged to germinate seeds at home without using soil. How it's done?

A little cotton wool is placed in the eggshell; it is actively moistened with water, and then some seeds (for example, alfalfa) are placed in it. In just a few days you will be able to notice the first shoots. Thus, soil is not always needed for seed germination - only water is enough.

And the next experiment, which is easy to do at home for children, will certainly appeal to girls. After all, who doesn’t like flowers?

Especially the most unusual, bright colors! Thanks to a simple experiment, right in front of amazed children, simple and familiar flowers can turn into the most unexpected color. Moreover, this is extremely simple to do: just put the cut flower in water with food coloring added to it. Climbing up the stem to the petals, chemical dyes will color them in the colors you want. To better absorb water, it is better to make a cut diagonally - this way it will have the maximum area. In order for the color to appear brighter, it is advisable to use light or white flowers. An even more interesting and fantastic effect will be obtained if, before starting the experiment, the stem is split into several parts and each of them is immersed in its own glass of colored water.

The petals will turn into all colors at once in the most unexpected and bizarre way. That we will undoubtedly make a lasting impression on the child!

Everyone knows that under the influence of gravity, water can only flow downwards. But is it possible to make it rise up the napkin? To conduct this experiment, an ordinary glass is filled about a third with water. The napkin is folded several times to form a narrow rectangle. After this, the napkin unfolds again; Having stepped back a little from the bottom edge, you need to draw a line of colored dots of a sufficiently large diameter on it. The napkin is immersed in water so that about one and a half centimeters of its colored part is in it. Having come into contact with the napkin, the water will begin to gradually rise upward, coloring it with multi-colored stripes. This unusual effect occurs due to the fact that, having a porous structure, the fibers of the napkin easily allow water to pass upward.

To carry out the following experiment, you will need a small blotter, cookie cutters of different shapes, some gelatin, a transparent bag, a glass and water.

Gelatin dissolves in a quarter glass of water; it should swell and increase in volume. Then, the substance is dissolved in a water bath and brought to approximately 50 degrees. The resulting liquid should be distributed in a thin layer over a plastic bag. Using gelatin cookie cutters, shapes of various shapes are cut out. After this, you need to lay them on a blotter or napkin, and then breathe on them. Warm breath will cause the gelatin to increase in volume, causing the figures to begin to bend on one side.

Experiments conducted at home with children are very easy to diversify.

In winter, you can try to slightly modify the experiment by taking the gelatin figures out onto the balcony or leaving them in the freezer for a while. When the gelatin hardens under the influence of cold, patterns of ice crystals will clearly appear on it.

Conclusion

Delight and a sea of ​​positive emotions are what experimenting with adults will bring to curious children. And parents will allow themselves to share the joy of their first discoveries with young researchers. After all, no matter how old a person is, the opportunity to return to childhood at least for a short time is truly priceless.

Children are always trying to learn something new every day and they always have a lot of questions. They can explain certain phenomena, or they can clearly show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works. In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn how to create different crafts with which they can then play.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

– 2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

- baking soda

– food coloring or watercolor paints

- dishwashing liquid

– wooden stick or spoon (if desired)

- tray.

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. On the back side, cut out a piece of lemon as shown in the image.

* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice into a cup. This will be the reserved lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out part) on the tray and use a spoon to “remember” the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor inside the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dish soap inside the lemon.

7. Add a full spoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will begin. You can use a stick or spoon to stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels made from chewing worms

You will need:

– 2 glasses

– small capacity

– 4-6 gummy worms

– 3 tablespoons baking soda

– 1/2 spoon of vinegar

– 1 cup of water

– scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.

1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (precisely lengthwise - it won't be easy, but be patient) each worm into 4 (or more) pieces.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

*If the scissors do not cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms into it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if you wash the worms with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

– bowl of water

– clear nail polish

- small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. Watch how the varnish spreads through the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper has dried (this happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that appears on it.

* To better see a rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.

4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in a jar

As small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. Eventually they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.

You will need:

- shaving foam

- food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.

3. Have your child start dripping food coloring onto the “cloud” until it starts to “rain” - drops of food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to your child.

You will need:

– warm water

- sunflower oil

– 4 food colors

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and stir 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. In this example, 1 drop of each of the 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Using a fork, stir the coloring and oil.

4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.

5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly fall through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with the other drops.

* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because... The density of oil is less than water (that’s why it “floats” on water). The dye droplet is heavier than the oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it will begin to disperse and look like a small fireworks display.

6. Interesting experiments: in a circle in which the colors merge

You will need:

– a wheel cut out of paper, painted in rainbow colors

– elastic band or thick thread

– cardboard

- glue stick

- scissors

– skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Thread the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

– a small transparent plastic bag

– transparent plastic bottle

- food coloring

- scissors.

1. Place the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread in the area of ​​the “neck” of the jellyfish, but not too tightly - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the jellyfish’s head.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.

8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Add a couple drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly to prevent water from spilling out.

* Let the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

– glass glass or bowl

– plastic bowl

– 1 cup Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) – used in bath salts

– 1 cup hot water

- food coloring.

1. Place Epsom salts in a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution is not so hot that the glass will crack.

How to interest a child in learning new substances and properties of various objects and liquids? You can set up an impromptu chemical laboratory at home and conduct simple chemical experiments for children at home.

The transformations will be original and appropriate in honor of some festive event or in the most ordinary conditions to familiarize the child with the properties of different materials. Here are some simple tricks that are easy to do at home.

Chemical experiments using ink

Take a small container of water, preferably one with transparent walls.

Dissolve a drop of ink or ink in it - the water will turn blue.

Add one pre-crushed activated carbon tablet to the solution.

Then shake the container well and you will see that it will gradually become light, without a tint of paint. Coal powder has an absorbent property, and the water returns to its original color.

Trying to create clouds at home

Take a tall jar and pour some hot water into it (about 3 cm). Prepare ice cubes in the freezer and place them on a flat baking sheet that you place on top of the jar.

The hot air in the jar will cool, forming water vapor. The condensate molecules will begin to gather together in the form of a cloud. This transformation demonstrates the origin of clouds in nature when warm air cools. Why is it raining?

Drops of water on the ground heat up and rise upward. There they cool and meet each other to form clouds. Then the clouds also combine into heavy formations and fall to the ground as precipitation. Watch a video of chemical experiments for children at home.

How your hands feel at different water temperatures

You will need three deep bowls of water - cold, hot and room temperature.

The child should touch cold water with one hand and hot water with the other.

After a couple of minutes, both hands are placed in a vessel with water at room temperature. How does water feel to him? Is there a difference in perception temperature?

Water can be absorbed and stain the plant.

This beautiful transformation will require a live plant or flower stem.

Place it in a glass of water colored in any bright color (red, blue, yellow).

Gradually you will notice that the plant takes on the same color.

This happens because the stem absorbs water and takes on its color. In the language of chemical phenomena, such a process is usually called osmosis or one-way diffusion.

You can make your own fire extinguisher at home

Necessary actions:

1. Let's take a candle.
2. It is necessary to light it and place it in the jar so that it stands straight and the flame does not reach its edges.
3. Carefully place a teaspoon of baking powder into the jar.
4. Then pour a little vinegar into it.

Next, we look at the transformation - the white baking powder will hiss, forming foam, and the candle will go out. This interaction between the two substances produces carbon dioxide. It sinks to the bottom of the jar because it is heavy compared to other atmospheric gases.

The fire does not receive oxygen and goes out. This is the principle behind the fire extinguisher. They all contain carbon dioxide, which extinguishes the flames of fire.

What else you should definitely read:

Oranges have the ability to float on water

If you put an orange in a bowl of water, it will not sink. Clean it and dip it in water again - you will see it at the bottom. How did this happen?

The orange peel has air bubbles that keep it floating on the water, almost like an air mattress.

Testing eggs for their ability to float on water

We use jars of water again. Place a couple of tablespoons of salt in one of them and stir until dissolved. Dip an egg into each jar. In salt water it will be on the surface, and in normal water it will sink to the bottom.

In high school, people start studying chemistry no earlier than the 8th grade; children perceive this science as too difficult. But you can prepare a student for the subject in a very simple and non-boring way - by organizing a chemistry experiment at home. Such mini-experiments will help you look at science from a different perspective, and showing “chemical tricks” at a children’s party will significantly increase the degree of fun.

Fireproof banknote

To perform an incredibly impressive but simple trick, you will need:

• bill;
• aqueous-alcohol solution with an alcohol content of about 50%;
• salt;
• tweezers or tweezers.

A pinch of salt must be added to the solution. Next, a bill is placed into the solution using tweezers. For those who are conducting such an experiment in chemistry for the first time, it is better to take a banknote of a lower denomination!

After the money is thoroughly wet, you should pick it up again with tweezers and lightly shake off the excess liquid from the paper. Now you can set it on fire! The fire will pass through the entire bill, but not a single edge will even turn brown. This happens because the alcohol contained in the solution burns. In turn, the water with which the paper is saturated does not have time to evaporate.

Crystal eggs

Growing crystals is one of the popular hobbies that entertaining chemistry offers. Experiments with crystallization are most often carried out on sugar, but sugar crystals no longer surprise anyone. We offer a new and unusual sight - crystals grown on eggs!

Crystal eggs can be obtained using:

• alum (sold in pharmacies);
• PVA glue;
• dyes.

The crystals on the eggs will grow very quickly, in just a day. It is necessary to first wash the shell and dry it thoroughly. After which the eggs are smeared with glue and sprinkled with alum. Now they need to lie down for several hours to dry again.

Next, the dye must be dissolved in two glasses of plain water. You can choose the amount of dye yourself; in this case, only the intensity of the color of the crystals depends on it. The eggs are placed in the dye for a day or a day. The longer the egg sits in the solution, the larger the crystals grow. It is worth taking out the finished crystal eggs carefully - they are quite fragile.

Balloon on a bottle

How can you inflate a balloon without helium without any physical effort? To do this, you can use regular baking soda and vinegar, which are in every mother’s kitchen cupboard. To conduct this experiment in chemistry, you will need:

• balloon;
• bottle;
• 3-4 teaspoons of soda;
• table vinegar.

The soda is poured directly into the ball using a funnel or spoon. After which it is put on a bottle with a small amount of vinegar. As soon as the soda from the balloon begins to spill into the bottle, it begins to swell, as if from helium. This happens because vinegar reacts with baking soda, releasing carbon dioxide. The balloon is inflated thanks to the gas in a few seconds, just catch it!

Multi-colored layers in a bottle

The following chemistry experiment will clearly explain to your child the concept of liquid density. For this you will need:

• a quarter cup of sunflower oil;
• a quarter glass of water, tinted in any bright color;
• a quarter cup of sugar syrup (to make the trick more effective, you should also add coloring to it).

The child can predict in advance what will happen when all these liquids are mixed. He will like the result - the syrup will settle down as the densest one, the water will be located in the middle, and the oil will remain on top. You can experiment with colors and liquids, creating unimaginable compositions. For example, by adding different amounts of sugar to syrup, you can get several liquids of different densities.

Laboratory experiments in chemistry can be anything but boring. These eye-catching yet simple tricks will help encourage your child to study science and will simply provide some entertainment on a rainy day.