How to open a peasant farm (peasant farm) from scratch? Business plans for agriculture.

Careful planning will help ensure the profitability of any agricultural activity. Only a clear idea financial, labor and other prospects will yield results. We will tell our readers what an agricultural business plan is, how it is drawn up correctly and what the concept includes.

The importance of a business plan in entrepreneurial activity

Any agricultural company, when starting its activities, must clearly understand what financial investments are needed and know the source of labor and intellectual resources.

It is important to understand the main objectives and goals of planning before drawing up a plan.

Goals and objectives of the business plan

Planning is a working tool for an already operating company or a newly formed one, on which all activities are based. The main goals and objectives of the business plan include the following:

1. Planning is the main thing of a proposed and already existing business, it helps to understand and calculate the profitability and payback of the project.
2. With the help of developed documentation, the subtleties of the company's activities are revealed. Carrying out management work will become easier.
3. A well-drafted business plan will help attract investment and ensure profit.
4. Provides the entrepreneur with an understanding of the entire market of the chosen niche: competitors, risks.
5. It will help you calculate the expected investments and coordinate expenses.
6. Planning is a source of advertising for a start-up company (it is more profitable for an investor to invest money in a project that is understandable and correctly presented to them).
7. The document will help to avoid mistakes and serves as insurance for a start-up company against various economic risks.

Drawing up a plan is a creative process that requires the entrepreneur to have knowledge in the field of economics, management, marketing, and accounting. A professionally drawn up agricultural business plan allows the entrepreneur to fully control and predict his activities for several years in advance.

What does agricultural planning include?

Depending on the type of entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural niche, the plan may consist of various chapters. They have sub-chapters and can be adjusted with changes in the economic situation and expansion of activities.

Main components of a business plan:

1. Title page with table of contents.
2. Summary.
3. History of activity (for an existing business).
4. Description of the services provided or type of activity.
5. Assessment of the industry to which the activity belongs.
6. Strategy for working in a competitive environment and identifying key competitors.
7. Production plan.
8. Marketing plan.
9. Financial plan.
10. Development proposals and possible risks.

Let's take a closer look at each planning stage.

Title page with table of contents

Any documentation must begin with a title page with a table of contents. The page should give a clear idea of ​​what kind of planning we are talking about and for whom the document was drawn up. For example: Business plan for the Zoryushka dairy farm.

Business Plan Summary

A resume is a brief introduction of your business. It includes all the ideas and basic principles of planning. According to the rules, a resume has three main blocks:

• introduction (brief description of the essence of the project, purpose);
• main part (brief description of significant key points, demand forecasting, financing and its sources);
• conclusion (prospects, profitability, possible course of action and methods).

The summary should give a clear idea of ​​the entire document. The main task of a resume is to attract the reader to the business plan. After reading the summary, the reader should want to get acquainted with the entire document and understand the essence of the project. The resume is compiled briefly, without unnecessary digressions and trifles. The main thing is to attract attention to the project. Whether investors are interested in the business or not depends on the resume. We can say that this is the face of the entire project.

History of activity

The chapter is compiled for an already existing company. The section emphasizes the company's merits and highlights its merits. The history of the company's creation and its role in the market is described. Despite its simplicity, the section is important for understanding what the company is and what it has already achieved.

Particular attention is paid to the company's management. You can mention in the section of honored workers, talk about the team in general.

Description of the type of activity, services, products

In this section, it is important to present the product or services that the company will provide from the best side. Describe the product in detail from all sides, highlighting its competitiveness. Investing companies are interested in the potential of a product or service. The subtleties and features of the product or service are described, how they differ from competing ones, why they are better and more interesting.
A comparative analysis is made and the product life cycle is revealed. The reasons why the buyer wants to use your product or service are highlighted separately. If a product is described, then pay attention to its packaging. Every little detail is important: design, features.

Assessment of the industry as a whole

Analysis of the environment in which the company will develop, its superiority and prospects. So, if you decide to start raising cows, then you need to analyze neighboring farms and the industry as a whole in your region.

The section reflects the market with its size and condition. An analysis of potential buyers is given. How do external or internal influences affect the state of the market in a given industry? Characterized by seasonality and fluctuations. Only by analyzing the market can one assess the company's competitiveness.

Competitiveness analysis and identification of major competitors

To analyze the competitiveness of a product or service, you need to identify the company’s main competitors. Large competitors stand out in their industry based on several characteristics:

1. Companies holding leading positions in sales in the industry under consideration.
2. They have been working for more than 2 years.
3. They have an extensive base of regular customers.
4. They can afford to provide significant discounts to their clients.

Having identified competitors, the company's strategy in a competitive environment with specific actions is described.

Company production planning

The part of the production description describes suppliers and work with them. The production capacity that is necessary for the operation of the company, which is already available. The entire production process, costs and technologies are described in detail.

Particular attention is paid to raw materials and supplies that are necessary to ensure the smooth operation of the company.

If necessary, the equipment used is listed, a list is drawn up with a full description of where it will be purchased and when. What qualifications are required for specialists to operate the equipment?

Marketing plan

Marketing analysis characterizes all market issues. Potential clients and their financial capabilities are characterized. Clients are divided into groups based on the following characteristics: age, gender, financial situation.

Market segmentation is revealed, and the part for which the company can claim is analyzed. Sales are described and prices for services or goods are planned.

Financial plan

The financial part of the business plan includes:

• profit balance;
• loss balance;
• forecasting the movement of financial flows.

The balance sheet is compiled in the form of a table and shows the sources of financial influences and their placement. It is planned where the resulting profit will be spent and how to reduce expenses in the event of losses. An important point: accounting must be supplemented with reports every quarter. The financial plan is recalculated and changes under the influence of internal and external influences: inflation, crisis, rising prices.

It is important in the financial part to show the transparency of all influences and their distribution. If a company incurs debt obligations, then they are reflected in financial terms: the amount of payments, timing.

Costs for personnel training and advanced training, salaries and taxation are calculated.

Prospects and risks

The section forecasts risks in detail and describes various options for dealing with them. A risk management strategy is important for any investor. The more risks are analyzed, the fewer unforeseen situations will arise in future work.

It tells what plans are proposed for the development of the company and how to implement them. You can calculate several different development options and move along one chosen by management.

A professionally drawn up business plan for agriculture should have an appendix in the form of diagrams and tables. The main objective of a business plan is not only to help the entrepreneur and develop a strategy with step-by-step guidance, but also to interest investors. Serious entrepreneurs will not invest money in a company with an unclear business plan.

The top most successful business plans in agriculture can be seen in the video:

Is it possible to write a business plan yourself?

It is impossible to draw up an agricultural business plan without having several higher educations. To compile documentation, companies employ a whole team of specialists. You can make short sketches yourself and present an idea, but only professionals can draw up a detailed plan. The price for drawing up a business plan in large cities starts from 35,000 rubles. Depends on the amount of work, accuracy. You can download a ready-made business plan on the Internet, but it will not take into account the individual characteristics of your entrepreneurial activity. Financial side, production side. Competitors must be calculated individually in each case.

There are no similar entries.

Modern agriculture can generate substantial income; this line of business is highly efficient. Large collective farms are extremely slow and cannot quickly reorient themselves to new tasks, so farming is a promising type of entrepreneurship.

A business plan for a farm located in a village or just some distance from the city will allow us to consider the situation more specifically. A place with good nature and clean air should be chosen. The work will be carried out in several directions at once:

• breeding young animals for meat production;
• receipt and subsequent sale of milk;
• other services.

Pros and cons of business

The growing popularity of healthy eating increases consumer demand for natural products, which shows the effectiveness of doing business in this direction. Depending on the specific region, competition can be assessed as low or medium. The advantage of agricultural business is that, no matter the state of the competitive environment, a certain demand for the goods of an individual company will remain. A ready-made farm business plan with calculations will help you achieve good results.

Before opening a business, you should sensibly assess the existing risks; activities in agriculture are not as simple as many may think at first glance. The following dangers may negatively affect the development of the enterprise:
- seasonal nature of production;
- sharp jumps in the level of demand;
- instability of the income level of potential buyers;
- rapid increase in the cost of raw materials;
- jumps in prices for rental of specialized equipment.

Strictly following a business plan for a farm with calculations will help you avoid encountering most of the difficulties that may arise along the way. From the plan you can find out exactly how to get out of a particular dangerous situation with minimal losses.

What is needed to open a farm?

First of all, registration with government agencies is required. The peasant farm business plan is implemented properly if the peasant farm is chosen as the legal form, and the tax payment scheme is the unified agricultural tax. A favorable environment is being created for the development of agricultural infrastructure in the country, so the tax is only 6%, which is a serious relaxation compared to other types of business activity.

To register, you must complete the following steps:
- pay the state fee;
- draw up an application according to the established template and have it certified by a notary;
- prepare and submit the necessary package of documents to the tax service;
- receive registration documents and register with the Funds;
- receive a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes;
- open a bank account.

Initial data for starting a farm. There is a plot of 2 hectares, there is a house with buildings. It is planned to buy 40 heads of Simmental calves for growing and 2 cows for selling milk for cheese makers. As the number of cows increases, they plan to start making cheese themselves. Additionally, a plot of 2 hectares will be rented for hay harvesting. The rental cost for the year will be 600 rubles. From one hectare of hayfield you can get from 800 to 4000 kg of hay. We believe that in the summer our farmer will be able to prepare 5000 kg of hay for the winter.

To start a business you will need to incur the following costs:
- purchase of building materials for the construction of a barn for calves (roof, brick, lumber) - 400,000 rubles;

Tractor MTZ-82 - 850,000 rubles;

Universal loader - 95,000 rubles;

Purchase of calves (40 heads) - 600,000 rubles;

Purchase of 2 dairy cows – 150,000 rubles;

Milking machine - 22,000 rubles;

Summing up and connecting the necessary communications - 56,000;

Initial feed stock - 118,000;

Other costs - 50,000.

In total, funds will be required to start raising bulls for meat and obtain milk from 2 cows for sale - 2,341,000 rubles. With working capital it will be approximately 3,250,000 rubles.

It is recommended to spend the 1.5 million rubles received as subsidies on the purchase of a tractor, young animals and some building materials. In this case, the grant must repay no more than 90 percent of the costs incurred for the acquisition of material resources for the development of a peasant (farm) economy. A business plan for the creation and development of a peasant farm says that this method of cost planning is optimal.

Description of the main activity.

The planned farm has three main sources of profit:
- meat (sale to the public and third-party companies);
- milk (sale to the public and third-party companies);
- sale of manure.

The Simmental breed of calves is considered ideal for meat production; they grow quickly and gain the required weight in a year and a half. The weight of a young bull can exceed a thousand kilograms. The purchase of three-month-old calves will be carried out at a price of 15 thousand per one; the most mature and strong individuals are selected. This choice reduces the risk of the spread of dangerous diseases to almost zero; when fed with the right food, animals can gain significant weight in a short time. The live weight of a bull at the age of 1 year is 300-400 kilograms of weight. At the age of 1.5 years, bull calves can weigh about 400-500 kilograms. The slaughter yield is 55-60% of the weight. In bulls, the daily increase in body weight can be 1500 grams.

We are purchasing two dairy cows, also of the Simmental breed. In one lactation season, a cow of this breed can produce 5 thousand liters of milk. Between calving periods last an average of 386 days. The milk of this breed has an excellent taste; characterized by a high protein and dry matter content, but a low percentage of somatic cells. It is well suited for making cheese. Milk prices always depend on its quality and its content of protein, dry matter and somatic cells. In this regard, the milk of the Simmental cow breed is one of the best. We plan to donate milk to cheese factories.

The lactation period in cows is divided into three phases:

Colostrum and lasts 5-7 days;

Normal milk – 190-288 days;

Old milk 7-10 days.

We assume that we are buying a cow at the stage of receiving normal milk, within 210 days (seven months for calculation). Conventionally, we believe that each cow gives us 16 liters of milk per day. Also, every year cows will give birth to calves, which will help gradually reduce the need to purchase young animals from third parties. At a certain point, the company can begin to fully provide itself with the necessary number of livestock.

The main diet for cattle is hay, free range and dried grass in summer, mixed feed, root vegetables, bran and table salt. For calves born in the spring, the rough and succulent feed of the diet is replaced with green grass. When grazing on good grass, you can save up to 15–20% of concentrates calculated according to the norm.

Production plan

Animal housing must meet many requirements to ensure maximum efficiency. The list of these requirements includes convenient servicing of livestock, the presence of a feed warehouse, convenient conditions for cleaning and storing manure. Conditions for walking must also be provided. The length of the feeder is 1 meter, height - 60 centimeters, width - 70 centimeters. The room must be provided with the proper amount of sunlight.

Since we are planning a farm, the whole family takes part in the business as much as possible, so one person is required to work in the barn. We plan that his monthly salary will be 15,000 rubles. Accounting – outsourcing services.

A list of all costs can be seen in the table below.

The planned revenue of the farm will be:

Let's draw up a plan for income and expenses.

Let's analyze the obtained figures.

The company's revenue for the year amounted to 1,797,600 rubles, business profitability was 8.6%. The payback of the business, taking into account the receipt of support from the state in the amount of 1.5 million rubles, will be about two years.

Conclusion

The implementation of the project not only brings tangible profits, but also has important social significance. The following indicators should be highlighted:
- creation of new jobs in the settlement;
- reduction of social tension;
- receipt of additional financial resources into the local budget.

Opening an enterprise in a particular location depends on competitive conditions and the level of demand for products. A similar agricultural company in different locations may have completely different revenues. The growing demand for healthy food and natural products is pushing the development of farming activities forward, but it is not recommended to start practical activities without taking into account all the risks. At the moment, an important advantage is the possibility of receiving support from the state.

With a low interest rate on the activities of organizations of this type and a relatively short payback period, investments can be called profitable.

There are reasons for this. Firstly, the entrance fee to this type of business has been significantly reduced. Secondly, a mini-farm does not require large production areas or financial investments, which makes it possible to quickly recoup investments and begin to expand. Thirdly, maintaining such a farm is quite within the capabilities of an ordinary family of several people, or it will be enough to hire a couple of local residents. In addition, the risk of such a business is minimal. The main thing before starting a business is to think through everything and draw up business plan sample with calculations agriculture.

Business plan

To create a small farm you will need 20-50 cows. In this business plan we will take 50 dairy cows as a basis. To purchase cows, as well as the necessary equipment, you can get a preferential loan for beginning entrepreneurs in rural areas. It is important to understand that in order to conduct business it will be necessary to prepare a number of documents:

2. undergo a fire safety inspection of the rented premises;

3. examination of cows by a veterinarian;

4. maintain accounting records.

The presence of all permits will allow the sale of dairy products, as well as meat. The cost of organizing a case in this section will be 50 thousand rubles.

Rent

The monthly rental price will be 1500*100=150000 rubles. Also, the cost of repairs and other preparatory work will require 300 thousand rubles. In total you will need 450 thousand rubles.

Equipment

For the successful operation of the business, you will need to purchase machinery and equipment. The following machinery and equipment would be appropriate here:

1. a tractor that will be needed for transporting feed, milk, hay, as well as other household needs. A maintained tractor in good condition will cost an average of 300 thousand rubles;

2. mower for preparing feed – 120 thousand rubles;

3. other attachments and tools that will be needed for harvesting hay and preparing feed. On average, this may require 200 thousand rubles;

4. milking machines to ensure automatic milking of cows – 100 thousand rubles;

5. gazelle for transporting dairy products, feed and so on. This will require 400 thousand rubles;

6. auxiliary equipment, as well as all other tools, will require 100 thousand rubles.

In total you will need 1020 thousand rubles.

Purchase of feed, livestock, rent of pastures

Buying 50 high-quality dairy cows will require 2 million rubles. Feed will require an investment of 500 thousand rubles per year. Renting pastures and shepherd services will require 300 thousand rubles a year. Veterinarian services, insemination, medications, as well as other expenses will require an investment of 100 thousand rubles.

In total you will need 2800 thousand rubles.

Other costs

Taxes and other costs may require approximately 50 thousand rubles

Total costs and final payback

If you sum up all the costs, you can get the amount that will be required to organize and maintain a farm with a livestock of 50 animals:

50000+450000+1020000+2800000+165000+50000=4535000 rubles.

The monthly profitability can be determined by assessing the productivity of the dairy herd, including the selling price of dairy products. On average, 50 cows can produce about 250 thousand liters of milk per year. Taking into account wholesale purchases of 15-20 rubles per liter. As a result, it will be possible to receive 5 million rubles in a year. The offspring of calves can provide additional revenue of approximately 300-400 thousand rubles. In total for the year the farm will be bring 5,400,000 rubles. From this amount you will need to subtract all periodic costs to find out how much net profit remains.

On average, the payback for a dairy farm, taking into account the listed costs, will be almost three years, after which the farm will begin to generate a stable profit of about 2 million rubles per year. After some time, revenue may increase if you constantly expand. Profit can come not only from milk and calves, but also from meat, because the herd will need to be gradually renewed. In addition, it will be possible to think about processing milk into various dairy products. To do this, it will be possible to purchase a small processing plant. Such factories cost on average about a million rubles. This approach will allow you to reach a new level of receiving.

26.03.2019

Today, such a branch of the national economy as farming is well developed all over the world. Our distant ancestors were engaged in agriculture. In Russia, in recent years, fewer and fewer people have been involved in agriculture. This may be due to low income and high competition. Or maybe because small business is a fairly broad area of ​​entrepreneurship, perhaps there are more profitable areas. But despite all this, the demand for farm products has always been, is and will be. This is especially relevant at present in connection with scientific and technological progress and the production of genetically modified products. And therefore agriculture is quite a profitable business.

An agricultural business plan involves growing natural products. This can be meat, milk, honey, cereals, vegetables and fruits, berries, eggs, healthy plants and much, much more. It is important that they are all natural, and therefore have great value on the Russian market. In addition to food raw materials, it also includes animal breeding, wool sales, and so on. Let's take a closer look at an example of how to open subsidiary farms, that is, a plan for an agricultural enterprise.

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Main directions of agriculture

So, the main areas of farming are: crop production, including the cultivation of cereals, vegetables and fruits, berries, livestock breeding (breeding large and small cattle, poultry, pig farming), beekeeping.

All of them are very profitable; you just need to properly organize a business plan for an agricultural enterprise. Of course, all of the above is an incomplete list. Let us examine in more detail an example of organizing your own business. First of all, to build a business plan for an agricultural enterprise, you need to choose the direction in which you will work. This could be a mini-farm, pig farms, large-scale farming (peasant farms) and so on. Then you must register with the tax office as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. The first option is the most optimal, as you can save money.

After all this, you need to obtain permission from the relevant authorities: fire inspection, sanitary and epidemiological service and territorial property management. If the premises for a business are rented, then permission from the fire service is not required; all responsibility rests with the landlord. It is unprofitable to build a new farm, since there are many abandoned plots of land. The business plan of the enterprise includes the purchase of the necessary equipment that is needed for any.

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Equipment purchase and planning

Let's give an example of how pig farms are equipped. Ready to work, they must have a full range of equipment. This may require: ovens for heating the premises, feed dispensers, individual or collective feeders, devices for feeding animal feed, a machine for transporting meat, refrigeration equipment. Any farm, even mini-farm, requires clear organization of work. Equipment can be purchased in specialized stores, from private entrepreneurs or from neighboring farms. Pig farms are usually located in rural areas or outside the city. The layout of the premises must comply with regulatory requirements.

The area is calculated based on the number of livestock. Mini-farms usually have small livestock. The animal premises must be equipped with beds for each animal. The microclimatic conditions of the farm are brought to optimal values. The productivity of animals, their growth and morbidity and, accordingly, the owner’s income will depend on all this. The plan also includes purchasing the animals themselves. They can be bought at the market or at another pig farm. It is important that the individuals are from different owners in order to exclude inbreeding, which can reduce the productivity of the animals.

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Expenses and income for rural business

The costs of setting up a business will depend on the type of farm and its size. Example: for crop production, the most expensive would be the purchase of equipment for watering and harvesting, as well as the purchase of raw materials. For livestock farming, most of the money will be spent on renting land and premises, purchasing equipment and feed for livestock. For example, a pig farm may need about 20-30 thousand dollars, depending on the number of pigs. An example of expenses was made for a small city. The poultry farming business is considered the least expensive. It does not require large equipment and huge areas, and the income from it can be very large.

Thus, we have given an example of how you can set up your own farm. Based on all of the above, we can conclude that the farming business is very profitable and profitable. The main thing is to have initial capital. It is very important to choose a location for the future farm and collect the necessary documents, otherwise such business will be considered illegal. Another important point is the acquisition of animals and raw materials (grains for planting). When drawing up a business plan, you need to take into account costs that may be associated, for example, with equipment repairs.

State programs for agricultural development: modern realities

25.04.2016, 16:51 Analytics

The agro-industrial complex is one of the most important sectors of the Russian economy: it concentrates about 13% of the main production capacities, 14% of the labor force, and produces about 6% of the gross domestic product. Recently, in the Russian Federation, special attention has been paid to the development of the agricultural complex, since the organization of food security and the formation of an effective agro-industrial complex are the basis for the country’s stability.

State program for agricultural development and regulation for 2013-2020

• have a well-written business plan;
• provide a cash expenditure plan indicating planned acquisitions and prices for such expenses;
• have own funds in the amount of at least 10% of the subsidy amount;
• creation of at least 3 jobs;
• after receiving state subsidies, carry out farming activities for at least 5 years;
• The funds received must be spent for their intended purpose within 24 months after receiving them.

In addition to subsidies, the state has also provided for the possibility of credit support for beginning farmers. Thus, OJSC Rosselkhozbank offers to use a special loan product at 8.5% per annum. Thanks to such a loyal lending program, those who are just taking their first steps in farming can take advantage of a loan program in the amount of up to 15 million rubles, the repayment period should not exceed 10 years.

As practice shows, such financial support from the state allows any farm to turn into a successful profitable agricultural enterprise within 5 years.

Grants in action: how to succeed in business?

Farms with state support (subsidies) are actively developing at this stage in the Leningrad region. Today, about 1 thousand peasant and farm enterprises are successfully operating here.

The state program to support beginning farmers has been successfully implemented in the Leningrad region since 2012. Over these five years, 110 farms and 68 family-type livestock enterprises received grants. About 750 million rubles have been allocated from the federal and regional budgets for free subsidies. Over the last 3 years alone, the total volume of products produced by farmers in the region has almost doubled. According to the results of work for 2015, the volume of gross product reached 2.5 billion rubles.

In the Kingisepp district they were able to appreciate the state support provided through the allocation of grants. So, in April 2016, another agricultural facility appeared here - a livestock farm for 800 sheep, the creation of which became possible thanks to a grant allocated as part of the livestock development program. It is noteworthy that the capacity of the farm enterprise is designed to produce at least 20 tons of meat per year.

Anatoly Similian’s farm received a state subsidy in 2014, which made it possible to receive financial support in the amount of 6.9 million rubles. During the implementation of the project, a sheep farm building with an area of ​​1.2 thousand square meters was erected. meters, new equipment was purchased (cremator, drinking bowls and feeders), the slaughterhouse was fully equipped, the livestock was replenished with 180 ewes of elite breeds.

During the implementation of the project, it was possible to double the number of sheep (from 400 to 800 heads), and purchase 100 bulls for fattening. Today, this farm actively sells beef and lamb to the population of St. Petersburg and the region through its own retail outlets. The unique agricultural enterprise of Anatoly Similian is one of the 20 leaders in Russia. The honey mushrooms of this farm are recommended for study and implementation in all regions of the Russian Federation. ( 1 ratings, average: 5,00 out of 5)