Russian writers in world literature. Veniamin Kaverin real name is Zilber

1. Gabriel José de la Concordia "Gabo" García Márquez(b. March 6, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia) - famous Colombian prose writer, journalist, publisher and politician; winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1982. Representative of the literary movement of “magical realism”. His novel One Hundred Years of Solitude (Cien años de soledad, 1967) brought him worldwide fame.

2. Umberto Eco(b. January 5, 1932, Alessandria, Italy) - Italian scientist-philosopher, medievalist historian, semiotics specialist, literary critic, writer. The most famous novels are The Name of the Rose and Foucault's Pendulum.

3. Otfried Preusler(b. October 20, 1923) - German children's writer, by nationality - Lusatian (Lusatian Serb). The most famous works: “Little Baba Yaga”, “Little Ghost”, “Little Waterman” and “Krabat, or Legends of the Old Mill”.

4. Boris Lvovich Vasiliev(born May 21, 1924) - Soviet and Russian writer. Author of the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” (1969), the novel “Not on the Lists” (1974), etc.

5. Ion Druta(b. 09/03/1928) - Moldavian and Russian writer and playwright.

6. Fazil Abdulovich Iskander(03/06/1929, Sukhum, Abkhazia, USSR) - an outstanding Soviet and Russian prose writer and poet of Abkhaz origin.

7. Daniil Alexandrovich Granin(b. January 1, 1919, Volsk, Saratov province, according to other sources - Volyn, Kursk region) - Russian writer and public figure. Knight of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, Hero Socialist Labor(1989), President of the Society of Friends of the Russian National Library; Chairman of the Board of the International Charitable Foundation. D. S. Likhacheva.

8. Milan Kundera(b. April 1, 1929) is a modern Czech prose writer who has lived in France since 1975. He writes in both Czech and French.

9. Thomas Tranströmer(b. April 15, 1931 in Stockholm) is the largest Swedish poet of the 20th century. Winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the way his brief, translucent images give us a renewed view of reality."

10. Max Gallo(b. January 7, 1932, Nice) - French writer, historian and politician. Member of the French Academy

11. Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa(b. 03/28/1936) - Peruvian-Spanish prose writer and playwright, publicist, politician, winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature.

12. Terry Pratchett(b. April 28, 1948) - popular English writer. The most popular is his satirical fantasy series about the Discworld. The total circulation of his books is about 50 million copies.

13. Yuri Vasilievich Bondarev(b. 03/15/1924) - Russian Soviet writer. Author of the novel “Hot Snow”, the story “Battalions Ask for Fire”, etc.

14. Stephen Edwin King(b. September 21, 1947, Portland, Maine, USA) is an American writer working in a variety of genres, including horror, thriller, science fiction, fantasy, mystery, and drama.

15. Victor Olegovich Pelevin(born November 22, 1962, Moscow) - Russian writer. The most famous works: “The Life of Insects”, “Chapaev and Emptiness”, “Generation “P””

16. Joan Rowling(b. July 31, 1965, Yate, Gloucestershire, England) is a British writer, author of the Harry Potter series of novels, translated into more than 65 languages ​​and sold (as of 2008) more than 400 million copies.

Culture

This list contains the names of the greatest writers of all time from different nations, writing in different languages. Those who are at least somewhat interested in literature are undoubtedly familiar with them through their wonderful creations.

Today I would like to remember those who remained on the pages of history as outstanding authors of great works that have been in demand for many years, decades, centuries and even millennia.

1) Latin: Publius Virgil Maro

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Marcus Tullius Cicero, Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Ovid Naso, Quintus Horace Flaccus

You should know Virgil from his famous epic work "Aeneid", which is dedicated to the fall of Troy. Virgil is probably the most severe perfectionist in the history of literature. He wrote his poem at an amazingly slow speed - only 3 lines a day. He did not want to do it any faster, so as to be sure that it was impossible to write these three lines better.

In Latin, a subordinate clause, dependent or independent, can be written in any order with a few exceptions. Thus, the poet has great freedom to define what his poetry sounds like without changing the meaning in any way. Virgil considered every option at every stage.

Virgil also wrote two more works in Latin - "Bucolics"(38 BC) and "Georgics"(29 BC). "Georgics"- 4 partly didactic poems about agriculture, including various kinds of advice, for example, that you should not plant grapes next to olive trees: olive leaves are very flammable, and at the end of a dry summer they can catch fire, like everything around them, due to a lightning strike.

He also praised Aristaeus, the god of beekeeping, because honey was the only source of sugar for the European world until sugar cane was brought to Europe from the Caribbean. Bees were deified, and Virgil explained how to get a beehive if the farmer does not have one: kill a deer, wild boar or bear, rip open their belly and leave it in the forest, praying to the god Aristaeus. After a week, he will send a beehive to the animal's carcass.

Virgil wrote that he wanted his poem "Aeneid" burned after his death as it remained unfinished. However, the Emperor of Rome Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus refused to do this, thanks to which the poem has survived to this day.

2) Ancient Greek: Homer

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Plato, Aristotle, Thucydides, Apostle Paul, Euripides, Aristophanes

Homer can perhaps be called the greatest writer of all time, but not much is known about him. He was probably a blind man who told stories that were recorded 400 years later. Or, in fact, a whole group of writers worked on the poems, who added something about the Trojan War and the Odyssey.

Anyway, "Iliad" And "Odyssey" were written in ancient Greek, a dialect that came to be called Homeric in contrast to the Attic that followed later and which replaced it. "Iliad" describes the last 10 years of the Greeks' struggle with the Trojans outside the walls of Troy. The main character is Achilles. He is furious that King Agamemnon treats him and his spoils as his property. Achilles refused to participate in the war, which had lasted for 10 years and in which the Greeks lost thousands of their soldiers in the fight for Troy.

But after some persuasion, Achilles allowed his friend (and possibly lover) Patroclus, who did not want to wait any longer, to join the war. However, Patroclus was defeated and killed by Hector, the leader of the Trojan army. Achilles rushed into battle and forced the Trojan battalions to flee. Without outside help, he killed many enemies and fought with the river god Scamander. Achilles ultimately kills Hector, and the poem ends with funeral ceremonies.

"Odyssey"- an unsurpassed adventure masterpiece about the 10-year wanderings of Odysseus, who tried to return home after graduation Trojan War together with his people. Details of the fall of Troy are mentioned very briefly. When Odysseus ventures to the Land of the Dead, where he finds Achilles among others.

These are just two of Homer’s works that have survived and come down to us, however, whether there were others is not known for sure. However, these works form the basis of all European literature. The poems are written in dactylic hexameter. According to Western tradition, many poems were written in memory of Homer.

3) French: Victor Hugo

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Rene Descartes, Voltaire, Alexandre Dumas, Moliere, Francois Rabelais, Marcel Proust, Charles Baudelaire

The French have always been fans of long novels, the longest of which is the cycle "In Search of Lost Time" Marcel Proust. However, Victor Hugo is perhaps the most famous writer of French prose and one of the greatest poets of the 19th century.

His most famous works are "Notre Dame Cathedral"(1831) and "Les Miserables"(1862). The first work even formed the basis of a famous cartoon "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" studios Walt Disney Pictures, however, in Hugo’s real novel, everything ended far from being so fabulous.

The hunchback Quasimodo was hopelessly in love with the gypsy Esmeralda, who treated him well. However, Frollo, an evil priest, has his eye on the beauty. Frollo followed her and saw how she almost ended up as the mistress of Captain Phoebus. As revenge, Frollo turned the gypsy over to justice, accusing him of murdering the captain, whom he actually killed himself.

After being tortured, Esmeralda confessed to having allegedly committed a crime and was supposed to be hanged, but at the last moment she was saved by Quasimodo. Ultimately, Esmeralda was executed anyway, Frollo was thrown from the cathedral, and Quasimodo died of starvation while hugging his lover's corpse.

"Les Miserables" also not a particularly cheerful novel, at least one of the main characters - Cosette - survives, despite the fact that she had to suffer almost all her life, like all the heroes of the novel. This classic story fanatical adherence to the law, but practically no one can help those who really need help most.

4) Spanish: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Jorge Luis Borges

Cervantes's main work, of course, is the famous novel "The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha". He also wrote collections of short stories, a romantic novel "Galatea", novel "Persiles and Sikhismunda" and some other works.

Don Quixote is a rather cheerful character, even today, whose real name is Alonso Quejana. He read so much about warrior knights and their honest ladies that he began to consider himself a knight, traveling around rural areas and getting into all sorts of adventures, causing everyone who crosses his path to remember him for his recklessness. He befriends an ordinary farmer, Sancho Panza, who tries to bring Don Quixote back to reality.

Don Quixote is known to have tried to fight windmills, saved people who didn't usually need his help, and been beaten many times. The second part of the book was published 10 years after the first and is the first work of modern literature. The characters know everything about the story of Don Quixote, which is told in the first part.

Now everyone he meets tries to ridicule him and Panso, testing their faith in the spirit of chivalry. He is eventually brought back to reality when he loses a fight with the Knight of the White Moon, is poisoned home, falls ill and dies, leaving all the money to his niece on the condition that she does not marry a man who reads foolish tales of chivalry.

5) Dutch: Joost van den Vondel

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Peter Hoft, Jacob Kats

Vondel is the most outstanding writer Holland, who lived in the 17th century. He was a poet and playwright and a representative of the "Golden Age" of Dutch literature. His most famous play is "Geysbrecht of Amsterdam", historical drama, which was performed on New Year's Day at the Amsterdam City Theater between 1438 and 1968.

The play is about Geisbrecht IV, who, according to the play, invaded Amsterdam in 1303 to restore the family's honor and regain the titled nobility. He founded something like a baronial title in these parts. Vondel's historical sources were incorrect. In fact, the invasion was carried out by Geisbrecht's son, Jan, who turned out to be a real hero, overthrowing the tyranny that reigned in Amsterdam. Today Geisbrecht is a national hero because of this writer's mistake.

Vondel also wrote another masterpiece, an epic poem called "John the Baptist"(1662) about the life of John. This work is the national epic of the Netherlands. Vondel is also the author of the play "Lucifer"(1654), which explores the soul of a biblical character, as well as his character and motives, to answer the question of why he did what he did. This play inspired the Englishman John Milton to write 13 years later "Paradise Lost".

6) Portuguese: Luis de Camões

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: José Maria Esa de Queiroz, Fernando António Nugueira Pessoa

Camões is considered the greatest poet of Portugal. His most famous work is "The Lusiads"(1572). The Lusiads were a people who inhabited the Roman region of Lusitania, where modern Portugal is located. The name comes from the name Luz (Lusus), he was a friend of the god of wine Bacchus, he is considered the progenitor of the Portuguese people. "The Lusiads"- an epic poem consisting of 10 songs.

The poem tells the story of all the famous Portuguese sea voyages to discover, conquer and colonize new countries and cultures. She is somewhat similar to "Odyssey" Homer, Camões praises Homer and Virgil many times. The work begins with a description of the journey of Vasco da Gama.

This historical poem, which recreates many battles, the Revolution of 1383-85, the discovery of da Gama, trade with the city of Calcutta, India. The Louisiades were always watched by the Greek gods, although da Gama, being a Catholic, prayed to his own God. At the end, the poem mentions Magellan and speaks of the glorious future of Portuguese navigation.

7) German: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Friedrich von Schiller, Arthur Schopenhauer, Heinrich Heine, Franz Kafka

Speaking about German music, one cannot fail to mention Bach, in the same way German literature would not be so complete without Goethe. Many great writers wrote about him or used his ideas in shaping their style. Goethe wrote four novels, a great many poems and documentaries, and scientific essays.

Undoubtedly his most famous work is a book "The Sorrows of Young Werther"(1774). Goethe founded the German Romanticism movement. Beethoven's 5th Symphony is completely identical in mood to Goethe's "Werther".

Novel "The Sorrows of Young Werther" tells about the unsatisfied romanticism of the main character, which leads to his suicide. The story is told in the form of letters and made the epistolary novel popular for at least the next century and a half.

However, Goethe's masterpiece is still the poem "Faust", which consists of 2 parts. The first part was published in 1808, the second in 1832, the year of the writer’s death. The legend of Faust existed long before Goethe, but Goethe's dramatic story remained the most famous story about this hero.

Faustus is a scientist whose incredible knowledge and wisdom pleased God. God sends Mephistopheles or the Devil to test Faust. The story of a deal with the devil has often been raised in literature, but the most famous is perhaps the story of Goethe's Faust. Faust signs an agreement with the Devil, promising his soul in exchange for the Devil to do whatever Faust wishes on Earth.

He becomes young again and falls in love with the girl Gretchen. Gretchen takes a potion from Faust that is supposed to help her mother with insomnia, but the potion poisons her. This drives Gretchen crazy and she drowns her newborn baby, signing her death warrant. Faust and Mephistopheles break into the prison to rescue her, but Gretchen refuses to go with them. Faust and Mephistopheles go into hiding, and God grants Gretchen forgiveness while she awaits execution.

The second part is incredibly difficult to read, as the reader needs to have a good understanding of Greek mythology. This is a kind of continuation of the story that began in the first part. Faust, with the help of Mephistopheles, becomes incredibly powerful and corrupted until the very end of the story. He remembers the pleasure of being a good person and then dies. Mephistopheles comes for his soul, but the angels take it for themselves, they stand up for the soul of Faust, who is reborn and ascends to Heaven.

8) Russian: Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Fyodor Dostoevsky

Today, Pushkin is remembered as the father of native Russian literature, in contrast to that Russian literature that had a clear tinge of Western influence. First of all, Pushkin was a poet, but he wrote in all genres. Drama is considered his masterpiece "Boris Godunov"(1831) and poem "Eugene Onegin"(1825-32).

The first work is a play, the second is a novel in poetic form. "Onegin" written exclusively in sonnets, and Pushkin invented new uniform sonnet, which distinguishes his work from the sonnets of Petrarch, Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser.

The main character of the poem is Eugene Onegin - the model on which all Russian literary heroes are based. Onegin is treated as a person who does not meet any standards accepted in society. He wanders and plays gambling, fights duels, he is called a sociopath, although he is not cruel or evil. This person, rather, does not care about the values ​​and rules that are accepted in society.

Many of Pushkin's poems formed the basis for ballets and operas. They are very difficult to translate into any other language, mostly because poetry simply cannot sound the same in another language. This is what distinguishes poetry from prose. Languages ​​often do not match the possibilities of words. It is known that in the Inuit language of the Eskimos there are 45 different words for snow.

Nevertheless, "Onegina" translated into many languages. Vladimir Nabokov translated the poem into English, but instead of one volume, he ended up with 4 volumes. Nabokov kept all the definitions and descriptive details, but completely ignored the music of poetry.

All this is due to the fact that Pushkin had an incredible unique style writing, which made it possible to touch on all aspects of the Russian language, even inventing new syntactic and grammatical forms and words, establishing many rules that almost all Russian writers use even today.

9) Italian: Dante Alighieri

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: none

Name Durante in Latin means "hardy" or "eternal". It was Dante who helped organize the various Italian dialects of his time into the modern Italian language. The dialect of the region of Tuscany, where Dante was born in Florence, is the standard for all Italians thanks to "Divine Comedy"(1321), a masterpiece by Dante Alighieri and one of greatest works world literature of all times.

At the time this work was written, the Italian regions each had their own dialect, which were quite different from each other. Today, when you want to learn Italian as a foreign language, you will almost always start with the Florentine version of Tuscany because of its significance in literature.

Dante travels to Hell and Purgatory to learn about the punishments that sinners serve. There are different punishments for different crimes. Those who are accused of lust are always driven by the wind, despite their fatigue, because during their lifetime the wind of voluptuousness drove them.

Those whom Dante considers heretics are responsible for splitting the church into several branches, including the prophet Muhammad. They are sentenced to be split from neck to groin, and the punishment is carried out by a devil with a sword. In this ripped up state they walk in circles.

IN "Comedy" there are also descriptions of Paradise, which are also unforgettable. Dante uses Ptolemy's concept of heaven, that Heaven consists of 9 concentric spheres, each of which brings the author and Beatrice, his lover and guide, closer to God at the very top.

After meeting various famous figures from the Bible, Dante finds himself face to face with the Lord God, depicted as three beautiful circles of light merging into one, from which emerges Jesus, the incarnation of God on Earth.

Dante is also the author of other smaller poems and essays. One of the works - "On Popular Eloquence" talks about the importance of Italian as a spoken language. He also wrote a poem "New life" with passages in prose in which noble love is defended. No other writer spoke the language as flawlessly as Dante spoke Italian.

10) English: William Shakespeare

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: John Milton, Samuel Beckett, Geoffrey Chaucer, Virginia Woolf, Charles Dickens

Voltaire called Shakespeare "that drunken fool", and his works "this huge pile of dung". Nevertheless, Shakespeare's influence on literature is undeniable, not only in English, but also in the literature of most other languages ​​of the world. Today Shakespeare is one of the most translated writers, his full meeting works have been translated into 70 languages, and various plays and poems into more than 200.

About 60 percent of all catchphrases, quotes and idioms in the English language come from King James Bible (English translation Bible), 30 percent from Shakespeare.

According to the rules of Shakespeare's time, tragedies at the end required the death of at least one main character, but in an ideal tragedy everyone dies: "Hamlet" (1599-1602), "King Lear" (1660), "Othello" (1603), "Romeo and Juliet" (1597).

In contrast to tragedy, there is a comedy in which someone is sure to get married at the end, and in an ideal comedy all the characters get married: "Dream in summer night" (1596), "Much ado about nothing" (1599), "Twelfth Night" (1601), "The Merry Wives of Windsor" (1602).

Shakespeare was a master at heightening the tension between characters in perfect harmony with the plot. He knew how, like no one else, to organically describe human nature. Shakespeare's real genius is the skepticism that permeates all of his works, sonnets, plays and poems. He, as expected, praises the highest moral principles of humanity, but these principles are always expressed in the conditions of an ideal world.

ABRAMOV Fedor Alexandrovich (1920-1983), Russian writer. Main works: the trilogy “Pryasliny” (1958-1973), “Pelageya” (1969), “Wooden Horses” (1970), “A Trip to the Past” (1974), -Home. (1978).

ABE Kobo (1924-1993), Japanese writer and playwright. Main works: “Woman in the Sands” (1962), “Alien Face” (1964), “The Burnt Map” (1967), “Box Man” (1973), “Sakura Ark” (1984), “The Man Who Turned into baton" (1969).

AVERCHENKO Arkady Timofeevich (1881-1925), Russian writer. Collections of stories, plays and feuilletons: “Merry Oysters” (1910), “About Essentially Good People” (1914), the novel “The Patron’s Joke” (1925).

AGUILERA MALTA Dimetreo (born 1909), Ecuadorian writer, essayist, playwright. Major works: “The Canal Zone” (1935), “The Virgin Island” (1942), “Requiem for the Devil” (1978), “Cross on the Sierra Maear” (1963), “Seven Moons and Seven Snakes” (1970).

AZHAEV Vasily Nikolaevich (1915-1968), Russian writer. Main works: “Far from Moscow” (1948), “Wagon” (1955-1964).

Isaac AZIMOV (1920-1992), American science fiction writer. Main works: “Foundation and Empire” (1952), “The Edge of Foundation” (1982), “Foundation and Earth” (1986), “The Gods Themselves” (1972).

AINI (real name Sadriddin Said Murodzoda) (1878-1954), Tajik writer, scientist, public figure. Main works: “Dohunda” (1930), “Slaves” (1934), “Memoirs” (1949-1954).

AKSAKOV Sergei Timofeevich (1791-1859), Russian writer. Main works: “Family Chronicle” (1856), “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson” (1858), “The Scarlet Flower” (1858), “Notes on Fishing” (1847), “Notes of a Gun Hunter” (1852).

AKSENOV Vasily Pavlovich (1932), Russian writer. Main works: “Oranges from Morocco” (1963), “Colleagues” (1960), “Star Ticket” (1961), “Burn” (1980), “Island of Crimea” (1981).

ALDANOV Mark Alexandrovich (present, surname Landau) (1886-1957), Russian writer. Main works: historical tetralogy “The Thinker” (1921-1927), “The Key” (1928-1929), “Origins” (1950).

ALEXIN Anatoly Georgievich (born 1924), Russian writer. Main works: “Meanwhile, somewhere...” (1967), “My Brother Plays the Clarinet” (1968), “Characters and Performers” (1975), “Late Child” (1976), “The Third, in the fifth row" (1977), "Mad Evdokia" (1978), "Signalers and buglers" (1985).

ALIGER Margarita Iosifovna (1915-1992), Russian poetess. Main works: “In Memory of the Brave” (1942), “Zoya” (1942), “Lenin Mountains- (1953), “Blue Hour” (1970), “Quarter of a Century” (1981).

ALCEUS (late 7th century - 1st half of the 6th century BC), ancient Greek lyric poet.

ALBERTI Rafael (1902-1999), Spanish poet and playwright. Main works: collections “Poems about Love” (1967), “Stanzas of Juan Panadero” (1949), “Poems of Exile and Hope” (1976), play “Night of War at the Prado Museum” (1956), “Pablo Picasso” (1977) ).

ALFIERI Vittorno (1749-1803), Italian writer and playwright. Main works: “Cleopatra” (1770), “Mary Stuart” (1777-1786), “Saul” (1782), “Life of Vittorno Alfieri” (1806).

AMADO Jorge (1912-2001), Brazilian writer. Main works: “Endless Lands. (1943), “The City of Ilheus” (1944), “Red Shoots” (1946), “Freedom Underground” (1952), “Return of the Prodigal Daughter” (1977), “Military jacket, academic uniform, nightgown” (1979) .

ANACREON (Anacreon) (c. 570-478 BC), ancient Greek lyric poet.

ANANEV Anatoly Andreevich (born 1925), Russian writer. Main works: “Small Barrier” (1959), “Tanks are moving in a diamond pattern” (1963), “Milestones of Love” (1971), “Years without War” (1975-1981), “Boundary” (1969), “Memory of the Heart” (1975), “Reminder of Old Truths” (1982).

ANDERSEN Hans Christian (1805-1875), Danish writer and playwright. Main works: “Flint”, “The Steadfast Tin Soldier”, “ ugly duck", "Mermaid", " The Snow Queen", "Improviser", "Only a violinist", "The Tale of My Life".

ANDERSEN-NEKSE Martin (1869-1954), Danish writer. Main works: novels “Pelle the Conqueror” (1906–1910), “Ditte, the Child of Man” (1917–1921).

Andrzejewski Jerzy (.1909-1983), Polish writer. Main works: “Ashes and Diamond” (1948), “He goes and gallops through the mountains” (1963), “Kroshevo” (1981).

ANDREEV Leonid Nikolaevich (1871 -1919), Russian writer, playwright. Main works: “Bargamot and Garaska” (1898), “The Life of Vasily Fiveysky” (1904), “Red Laughter” (1905), “Savva” (1906), “The Life of a Man” (1907), “The Tale of the Seven Incarcerated” (1908), Days of Our Lives (1908), Anathema (1908).

ANNENSKY Innokenty Fedorovich (1855-1909), Russian poet. Main works: collections “Quiet Songs” (1904), “Cypress Casket” (1910), “Posthumous Poems” (1923), “Book of Reflections” (vol. 1-2, 1906-1909).

ANUY Jean (1910-1987), French playwright. Major works: “The Traveler Without Luggage” (1937), “The Savage” (1938), “Dinner at Senlis” (1942), “Antigone” (1943), “The Lark” (1953), “Beckett, or the Honor of God” ( 1959), "Basement" (1961).

APUKHTIN Alexey Nikolaevich (1840-1893), Russian poet. Main works: “Crazy Nights”, “To Forget So Soon”, “Does Day Reign”, “Poems by A. N. Apukhtin” (1886), “A Year in the Monastery” (1883), “An Unfinished Story” (1896), “ Archive of Countess D", "A Tale in Letters" (1895), "The Diary of Pavlik Dolsky" (1891-1895), "Between Life and Death" (1895).

ARAGON Louis (1897-1982), French writer and poet. Main works: “The Parisian Peasant” (1922), “Knife in the Heart” (1941), “Holy Week” (1958).

ARBUZOV Alexey Nikolaevich (1908-1986), Russian playwright. Main works: “Tanya” (1938), “Years of Wandering” (1954), “The Irkutsk Story” (1959), “Old-Fashioned Comedy” (1975), “Cruel Intentions” (1978), “Victorious” (1983).

ARIOSTO Ludovico (1474-1533), Italian poet. Main works: " Furious Roland"(1516), "The Warlock" (1520), "The Pimp" (1528).

ASEEV Nikolai Nikolaevich (1889-1963), Russian writer. Main works: “Zor” (1914), “Budyonny” (1923), “Twenty Six” (1924), “Semyon Proskakov” (1928), “Mayakovsky Begins” (1940), “Why and Who Needs Poetry” (1961 ).

ASTAFYEV Viktor Petrovich (1924-2001), Russian writer. Main works: “Starfall” (1960), “Theft” (1966), “The Shepherd and the Shepherdess” (1971), “The Fish King” (1976), “ Sad detective"(1986), "Lyudochka" (1990), "Cursed and Killed" (1992-1993).

AKHMADULINA Bella Akhatovna (born 1937), Russian poetess. Main works: collections “String” (1962), “Music Lessons” (1970), “Garden” (1987), “Candle” (1977), “Mystery” (1983), “Dreams about Georgia” (1977).

AKHMATOVA Anna Andreevna (present, surname Gorenko) (1889-1966), Russian poetess. Main works: collections “The Running of Time” (1909-1965), “Evening” (1912), “Rosary” (1914), “White Flock” (1917), “Requiem” (1935-1940), “Poem without a Hero” (1940-1965).

BABEL Isaac Emmanuilovich (1894-1940), Russian writer. Main works: collections “Cavalry” (1926) and “ Odessa stories"(1931), the plays "Sunset" (1928) and "Mary" (1935).

BAGRITSKY Eduard Georgievich (present, surname Dzyubin) (1895-1934), Russian poet. Main works: “The Birdcatcher” (1918), “Till Eulenspiegel” (1926), “The Tale of the Sea, Sailors and the Flying Dutchman” (1922), “The Thought of Opanas” (1926), “The Death of a Pioneer” (1932).

BAZHOV Pavel Petrovich (1879-1950), Russian writer. Main works: “The Ural Were” (1924), “The Malachite Box” (1939), “The Green Filly” (1939), “Far and Close” (1949).

BYRON George Noel Gordon (1788-1824), English romantic poet. Major works: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812), . Bronze Age"(1823), "Manfred. (1817), "Cain" (1821), "Don Juan" (1819-1824, unfinished).

BALZAC Honore de (1799-1850), French writer. Main work: epic " Human Comedy", consisting of 90 novels and short stories.

BALMONT Konstantin Dmitrievich (1867-1942), Russian poet, translator. Main works: collections “Burning Buildings” (1900), “Let’s Be Like the Sun” (1903), “Under the Northern Sky” (1894), “In the Vast” (1895), “Only Love” (1903), “Firebird” . Slav's pipe" (1907), "Green Vertograd, a kissing word" (1909), "Gift of the Earth" (1921), "Mine is His. Poem about Russia" (1923), "Northern Lights" (1923), "Blue Horseshoe" (1937).

BARATYNSKY (BORATYNSKY) Evgeny Abramovich (1800-1844), Russian poet. Main works: “Finland”, “Two Shares”, “Confession”, “Disbelief”, “Eda”, “Ball”, collection “Twilight”.

BARTO Agnia Lvovna (1906-1981), Russian poetess, writer. Main works: Poems for Children" (1949), "Find a Person" (1968), .For flowers in winter forest"(1970), "Notes children's poet"(1976).

BATYUSHKOV Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855), Russian poet. Main works: “The Bacchante”, “The Merry Hour”, “My Penates”, Hope”, “To a Friend”, “Separation”, “My Genius”, “The Dying Tass”, “The Saying of Melchizedek”.

BEK Alexander Alfredovich (1902/1903-1972), Russian writer. Main works: the story “Volokolamsk Highway” (1943-1944), the novels “The Life of Berezhkov” and “New Appointment”.

BECKETT Samuel (1906-1989), Irish writer-playwright. Major works: "Waiting for Godot" (1952), "End Game" (1957), "Molloy" (1951), "Catastrophe" (1982).

BELINSKY Vissarion Grigorievich (1811-1848), Russian literary critic, publicist, philosopher. Collaborated with the magazines “Telescope”, “ Domestic notes" and "Contemporary".

BELL Heinrich (1917-1985), German writer. Major works: “Where have you been, Adam?” (1951), “Billiards at half past nine” (1959), “Through the eyes of a clown” (1963), “Group portrait with a lady” (1971), “Women on the banks of the Rhine” (1985).

BELY Andrei (present, first and last name Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev) (1880-1934), Russian writer, critic, literary critic. Main works: collections “Gold in Azure” (1904), “Urna” (1909), “Ashes” (1909), the novel “Petersburg” (1913-1914), books “The Tragedy of Creativity. Dostoevsky and Tolstoy" (1910-1911), "Symbolism" (1912), "Memories of Blok" (1922-1923), "Rhythm as dialectics and The Bronze Horseman" (1929), "The Mastery of Gogol" (1934).

BELYAEV Alexander Romanovich (1884-1942), Russian science fiction writer. Main works: “The Head of Professor Dowell” (1925), “The Island of Lost Ships” (1927), “The Amphibian Man” (1928), “The Star of the KETS” (1936), “Dublve Laboratory” (1938).

BENNETT Arnold (1867-1931), English writer. Main works: “Anna of the Five Cities” (1902), “The Tale of Old Women” (1908), “Lord Raingo” (1926).

BERANGE Pierre Jean (1780-1857), French writer. Main works: “King Yveto” (1813), “Capuchins”, “Guardian Angel”, “Mad Men”.

Anthony Burgess (1917-1993) English writer. Major works: “Right of Reply” (1960), “A Clockwork Orange” (1962), “Testament to a Clockwork World” (1974), “News for the End of the World” (1982).

Frances Eliza BURNETT (1849-1924), American writer. Main works: " Little Lord Fauntleroy" (1886), "The Little Princess" (1905).

BURNS Robert (1759-1796), Scottish poet. Main works: “The Two Shepherds” (1784), “The Prayer of Saint Willie” (1785).

BERNHARD Thomas (1931-1989), Austrian writer. Main works: “Cold” (1963), “Madness” (1967), “Proofreading” (1975), “Shutdown” (1986).

BIANCHI Vitaly Valentinovich (1894-1959), Russian writer. Main works: “Forest Newspaper for Every Year” (1928), “Forest There Were and Fables” (1957).

BLASCO IBAÑEZ Vicente (1867-1928), Spanish writer. Main works: “The Uninvited Guest” (1904), “The Horde” (1905), “The Naked Maha” (1906), “In Search of the Great Khan” (1928).

BLOK Alexander Alexandrovich (1880-1921), Russian poet. Main works: “Poems about To the beautiful lady"(1904), "City" (1904-1908), "Showroom" (1906), "Yamby" (1907), "Motherland" (1907-1916), " Scary world"(1908-1916), "Retribution" (1910-1921), "Rose and Cross" (1912-1913), "The Twelve" (1918), "Russia and the Intelligentsia."

Johan BOYER (1872-1959), Norwegian writer. Major works: The Great Hunger (1916), The Last Viking (1921), Men by the Sea (1929), The Young Man (1946).

BOCCACCIO Giovanni (1313-1375), Italian poet and writer. Main works: “Fiammetta” (1343), “Decameron” (1350-1353), “Life of Dante Alighieri” (c. 1360).

BEAUMARCHAIS Pierre Aupostin (1732-1799), French playwright. Main works: “The Barber of Seville” (1775), “The Marriage of Figaro” (1784).

BONDAREV Yuri Vasilievich (born 1924), Russian writer. Main works: “Battalions Ask for Fire” (1957), “Last Salvos” (1959), “Silence” (1962), “Hot Snow” (1969), “Shore” (1975), “Choice” (1980), “ Game" (1985).

Hristo BOTEV (1848-1876), Bulgarian poet, publicist, one of the founders of Bulgarian literary criticism. Main works: “Elegy” (1871), “Struggle” (1871).

BRAIN John (1922-1986), English writer. Major works: “The Way Up” (1957), “Life at the Top” (1962), “The Jealous God” (1964).

BRECHT Bertolt (1898-1956), German playwright and poet. Main works: “The Threepenny Opera” (1928), “Mother Courage and Her Children” (1939), “ a kind person from Szechwan" (1938-1940), "Caucasian Chalk Circle" (1949).

BRODSKY Joseph Alexandrovich (1940-1996), Russian poet. Main collections: “Poems and Poems” (1965), “Stop in the Desert” (1967), “The End of a Beautiful Era” (1972), “Part of Speech” (1972), “In England” (1977), “Roman Elegies” (1982), “New Stanzas for Augusta” (1983), “Urania” (1987).

BRONTE Charlotte (1816-1855) and Emily (1818-1848), English writers. Major works: “Jane Eyre” (1847), “Shirley” (1849), “Wuthering Heights” (1847).

BRADBURY Ray Douglas (b.)