The theme of love for the motherland, arguments of the Unified State Examination. The problem of love for one’s native people, homeland (according to Astafiev)
Bank of arguments
The problem of the influence of genuine art on a person
1. In Russian literature there are many great works that can educate a person, make him better, cleaner. Reading the lines of Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter,” we, together with Pyotr Grinev, go through the path of trials, mistakes, the path of learning the truth, comprehending wisdom, love and mercy. It is no coincidence that the author introduces the story with an epigraph: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” When reading great lines, you want to follow this rule.
The problem of morality
1. The problem of morality is one of the key ones in Russian literature, which always teaches, educates, and not just entertains. “War and Peace” by Tolstoy is a novel about the spiritual quest of the main characters, moving towards the highest moral truth through delusions and mistakes. For the great writer, spirituality is the main quality of Pierre Bezukhov, Natasha Rostova, Andrei Bolkonsky. It is worth listening to the wise advice of the master of words, learning from him the highest truths.
2. On the pages of works of Russian literature there are many heroes whose main quality is spirituality and morality. I remember the lines of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. The main character is a simple Russian woman who “didn’t chase after things”, was trouble-free and impractical. But it is precisely these, according to the author, who are the righteous on whom our land rests.
3. Unfortunately, modern society strives more for the material than for the spiritual. Is everything really repeating itself? I remember the lines of V.V. Mayakovsky, who complained that “beautiful people have disappeared from Petrograd”, that many do not care about other people’s misfortune, they think “it’s better to get drunk”, hidden, like the lady from the poem “Nate!” into the “sink of things.”
The problem of a person’s relationship to his homeland, small homeland
1 The problem of attitude towards one’s small homeland is raised by V.G. Rasputin in the story “Farewell to Matera”. Those who truly love their native land protect their island from flooding, while strangers are ready to desecrate the graves and burn the huts, which for others, for example for Daria, are not just a home, but a home where parents died and children were born.
2 The theme of the homeland is one of the main ones in Bunin’s work. Having left Russia, he wrote only about it until the end of his days. I remember the lines of “Antonov Apples”, imbued with sad lyricism. The smell of Antonov apples became for the author the personification of his homeland. Russia is shown by Bunin as diverse, contradictory, where the eternal harmony of nature is combined with human tragedies. But whatever the Fatherland, Bunin’s attitude towards it can be defined in one word - love.
3.The theme of the homeland is one of the main ones in Russian literature. The nameless author of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” addresses his native land. The Motherland, the Fatherland, and its fate concern the chronicler. The author is not an outside observer, he mourns her fate and calls on the princes to unity. All the thoughts of the soldiers, exclaiming: “O Russian land! You’re already over the hill!”
4.“No! A person cannot live without a homeland, just as one cannot live without a heart!” - K. Paustovsky exclaims in one of his journalistic articles. He could never exchange the pink sunset on the Ilyinsky Whirlpool for the beautiful landscapes of France or the streets of ancient Rome.
5. In one of his articles, V. Peskov gives examples of our thoughtless, unforgivable attitude towards our native land. Reclamation workers leave rusty pipes, road workers leave lacerations on the body of the earth “Do we want to see our homeland like this? – V. Peskov invites us to think.
6. In his letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev calls for preserving cultural monuments, believing that love for the homeland, native culture, language begins small - “with love for your family, for your home, for your school.” History, according to the publicist, is “love, respect, knowledge”
What is the significance of a small homeland in a person’s life? Why do we keep love for our small homeland all our lives? These are precisely the questions that arise when reading the text of the Russian Soviet writer E.I. Nosov.
Revealing the problem of love for one’s small homeland, the author relies on a description of life in the village of his hero. It can be assumed that this hero is autobiographical. The native village is a “boy’s universe”, a place where for the first time you experience extraordinary joy. This is the place “where the soul was first surprised, rejoiced and rejoiced with surging delight. And where I first became upset, angry, or experienced my first shock.”
Indeed, a small homeland is “the backdrop of our childhood.” This is what our eye can grasp at one glance, what our soul longs to contain.
Let's try to prove our point of view by turning to literary arguments. Let us recall A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor.” For a simple Russian peasant woman, Matryona Vasilyevna, her house, yard, and the village of Talnovo are of much greater importance than her place of residence. Here she spent her youth, from here she accompanied her husband to the war, from where he did not return. Here her days are spent in constant work, helping her neighbors. In her native village she sees the meaning of her life, here she keeps the memory of the past.
Let's give the second argument. In V.G. Rasputin’s story “Farewell to Matera,” the village of Matera is the small homeland of the “old old woman” Daria. It is located on an island on the Hangar. Her ancestors are buried here, here, on this fertile land, she worked all her life. Daria and other old women do not agree to leave their small homeland and settle in a village on the opposite bank of the Angara. They are building a dam for a power plant, and Matera will go under water. For most village residents, the loss of their homeland is the greatest tragedy.
Let's summarize. We came to the conclusion that a small homeland plays an important role in the life of every person.
Updated: 2017-09-24
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A person loves the place of his birth and upbringing. This attachment is common to all people and nations, it is a matter of nature and should be called physical. The homeland is dear to the heart not for its local beauty, not for its clear sky, not for its pleasant climate, but for its captivating memories surrounding, so to speak, the morning and the cradle of man. There is nothing sweeter in the world than life; it is the first happiness, and the beginning of all well-being has some special charm for our imagination. This is how friends consecrate in memory the first day of their friendship. Laplander born almost
In the grave of nature, on the edge of the world, in spite of everything, he loves the cold darkness of his land. Move him to happy Italy: he will turn his eyes and heart to the north, like a magnet; the bright shine of the sun will not produce such sweet feelings in his soul as a gloomy day, like the whistle of a storm, like falling snow: they remind him of the Fatherland!
It is not for nothing that a resident of Switzerland, removed from his snowy mountains, withers and falls into melancholy, and returning to wild Unterwalden, to the harsh Glaris, comes to life. Every plant has more strength in its climate: the law of nature does not change for humans.
I am not saying that the natural beauties and benefits of the Fatherland do not have any influence on the general love for it: some lands, enriched by nature, may be all the nicer to their inhabitants; I’m only saying that these beauties and benefits are not the main reason for people’s physical attachment to their fatherland, for then it would not be common.
With whom we grew up and live, we get used to them. Their soul conforms to ours, becomes a kind of its mirror, serves as an object or means of our moral pleasures and turns into an object of inclination for the heart. This love for fellow citizens, or for the people with whom we grew up, were brought up and live, is the second, or moral, love for the Fatherland, just as general as the first, local or physical, but acting stronger in some years, for time affirms habit.
It is necessary to see two fellow countrymen who find each other in a foreign land: with what pleasure they embrace and rush to pour out their souls in sincere conversations! They see each other for the first time, but they are already familiar and friendly, confirming their personal connection with some common ties of the Fatherland! It seems to them that, even speaking in a foreign language, they understand each other better than others, because there is always some similarity in the character of people from the same land. The inhabitants of one state always form, so to speak, an electrical circuit, conveying to them one impression through the most distant rings or links.
Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766 - 1826) - Russian historian, writer, poet; creator of “History of the Russian State” - one of the first generalizing works on the history of Russia. In his article he describes the problem of feeling love for the Motherland.
This problem is very relevant today, since a person cannot imagine his life without his homeland, without his native land, on which he feels free and good.
Nikolai Mikhailovich narrates, “A person loves the place of his birth and upbringing.”
N. M. Karamzin narrates: “The Motherland is dear to the heart not for its local beauties, not for its clear sky, not for its pleasant climate, but for its captivating memories surrounding, so to speak, the morning and the cradle of man.”
The writer says: “With whom we grew up and live, we get used to them.”
And the author believes that love for the Fatherland has a moral and physical basis.
I share the opinion of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. Indeed, love for the Motherland is fraught with tender memories.
Firstly, let's remember the extraordinary poem by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov “I love the Fatherland, but with a strange love!” In this poem, the poet describes the feelings that are inherent in him in relation to his native place. He conveys to us his emotions and memories. And we notice how much the poet valued the place where he was born.
Secondly, I have one friend who came from abroad to Russia. They moved here 9 years ago. And every time she tells me about how beautiful her homeland is and what it means to her. She tells all the memories she has of this place!
Thus, I want to draw a conclusion. Homeland is an integral part of human life. And love for the Motherland is expressed through memories.
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Essays on topics:
- Where does love for one’s native land and its vastness begin? Much has been written about this. The lyrics to the song immediately come to mind...
- Patriotism can be both true and false
- A true patriot will not dare to betray his homeland even under the threat of death
- Patriotism is manifested in the desire to make one’s native country better, cleaner, and to protect it from the enemy.
- A huge number of striking examples of the manifestation of patriotism can be found in wartime
- A patriot is ready for even the most reckless act, which can bring people at least a little closer to saving the country
- A true patriot is faithful to the oath and his own moral principles
Arguments
M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man.” During the war, Andrei Sokolov repeatedly proved that he deserves to be called a patriot of his country. Patriotism manifested itself in enormous willpower and heroism. Even under the threat of death during interrogation by Müller, he decides to preserve his Russian dignity and show the German the qualities of a real Russian soldier. Andrei Sokolov’s refusal to drink German weapons for the victory, despite the famine, is direct evidence that he is a patriot. The behavior of Andrei Sokolov seems to summarize the fortitude and steadfastness of a Soviet soldier who truly loves his Motherland.
L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. In the epic novel, the reader is faced with the concept of true and false patriotism. All representatives of the Bolkonsky and Rostov families, as well as Pierre Bezukhov, can be called true patriots. These people are ready to defend their Motherland at any moment. Prince Andrei, even after being wounded, goes to war, no longer dreaming of glory, but simply defending his homeland. Pierre Bezukhov, who does not really understand anything about military operations, like a true patriot, remains in Moscow captured by the enemy to kill Napoleon. Nikolai and Petya Rostov are fighting, and Natasha does not spare the carts and gives them to transport the wounded. Everything suggests that these people are worthy children of their country. This cannot be said about the Kuragins, who are patriots only in words, but do not back up their words with actions. They talk about patriotism only for their own benefit. Consequently, not everyone from whom we hear about patriotism can be called a true patriot.
A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. Pyotr Grinev cannot even admit the thought of swearing allegiance to the impostor Pugachev, although this threatens him with death. He is a man of honor, true to his oath and his word, a true soldier. Although Pugachev is kind to Pyotr Grinev, the young soldier does not strive to please him or promise not to touch his people. In the most difficult situations, Petr Grinev resists the invaders. And although the hero more than once turns to Pugachev for help, he cannot be accused of betrayal, because he does all this to save Masha Mironova. Pyotr Grinev is a true patriot, ready to give his life for his Motherland, as his actions prove. The accusations of treason that are brought against him in court are false, which is why in the end justice prevails.
V. Kondratyev “Sashka”. Sashka is a man who fights selflessly, at full strength. And although he beats the enemy with hatred, a sense of justice forces the hero not to kill a captured German, his peer, who unexpectedly found himself in the war. This is, of course, not betrayal. Sashka’s thoughts at the sight of Moscow, not captured by the enemy, confirm that he is a true patriot. Seeing a city in which almost the same life is in full swing, the hero realizes how important what he did on the front line is. Sashka is ready to defend his native country, because he understands how important it is.
N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. For the Cossacks, protecting their native land is the basis of their existence. It is not for nothing that the work says that it is difficult to resist the power of angry Cossacks. Old Taras Bulba is a true patriot who does not tolerate betrayal. He even kills his youngest son Andriy, who went over to the side of the enemy because of his love for a beautiful Polish woman. Taras Bulba does not take into account his own child, because his moral principles are unshakable: betrayal of the Motherland cannot be justified by anything. All this confirms that Taras Bulba is characterized by a sense of patriotism, like other real Cossacks, including Ostap, his eldest son.
A.T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”. The image of Vasily Terkin serves as the ideal embodiment of a simple Soviet soldier, ready at any moment to perform a feat in order to bring victory over the enemy closer. It costs Terkin nothing to swim across an icy river covered with ice in order to convey the necessary instructions to the other bank. He himself does not see this as a feat. And the soldier commits similar actions more than once throughout the work. Without a doubt, he can be called a true patriot, fighting for a bright future for his country.
IN . G. Rasputin “French Lessons” (1973), “Live and Remember” (1974), “Farewell to Matera” (1976) According to V. Rasputin, the formation of a person’s consciousness begins with love for his small homeland, love is manifested in knowledge of the details of the domestic history, in respectful preservation in memory of his small homeland, in a sense of responsibility for the past, present and future of his land. The writer rightly believes that the Russian person sees the highest meaning of his life in serving the Fatherland. It is very important for everyone to feel not like a random person on Earth, but a successor and continuation of their people. In the story “Farewell to Matera,” a vivid embodiment of the people’s character is the image of Daria, who surpasses her fellow villagers in strength of spirit, strength of character, and independence; she stands out among her mother’s old women “with her strict and fair character,” primarily because she managed to preserve in herself those qualities that were characteristic of her ancestors. This appeal of the heroine to the experience of the past testifies to the precious feeling of the family given to her, the feeling that only “in a small share she now lives on earth.”
The son cannot look calmly
On my dear mother's grief,
There will be no worthy citizen
I have a cold heart for my homeland. N.A.Nekrasov
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the Fatherland
Souls have wonderful impulses. A.S. Pushkin
If every person on his piece of land did everything he could, how beautiful our land would be.
A.P.Chekhov
A person is, first of all, a son of his country, a citizen of his fatherland V.G. Belinsky
Without a feeling of your country - especially, very dear and sweet in every detail - there is no real human character. K.G.Paustovsky
You can't understand Russia with your mind,
The general arshin cannot be measured:
She will become special -
You can only believe in Russia. F.I.Tyutchev
A man cannot live without his homeland
The outstanding Russian singer Fyodor Chaliapin, forced to leave Russia, always carried a box with him. No one had any idea what was in it. Only many years later did relatives learn that Chaliapin kept a handful of his native land in this box. No wonder they say: the native land is sweet in a handful. Obviously, the great singer, who passionately loved his homeland, needed to feel the closeness and warmth of his native land
Leo Tolstoy in his novel “War and Peace” reveals the “military secret” - the reason. which helped Russia in the Patriotic War of 1812 to defeat the hordes of French invaders. If in other countries Napoleon fought against armies, then in Russia the entire people opposed him. People of different classes, different ranks, different nationalities rallied in the fight against a common enemy, and no one can cope with such a powerful force.
The great Russian writer I. Turgenev called himself Antey, because it was his love for his homeland that gave him moral strength.
7.The problem of choosing a profession. Freedom of choice and meaningful pursuit of one’s calling is one of the newest privileges of humanity; the choice is influenced by many factors (the opinion of parents and friends, social status, the state of the labor market, His Majesty’s chance), but the last word usually remains with us. Dmitry Kharatyan, for example, who had not thought about an acting career, was invited to a screen test by a girl he knew. And of all the contenders, director Vladimir Menshov chose Kharatyan for the main role in the film “The Hoax.” Conclusion Choosing a profession is as important for a young person as food, rest, sleep, etc. By taking a step towards a profession suitable for himself, a young man takes a new step in his life. His entire future life depends on his choice. And there is nothing wrong with the fact that a young man has chosen an unsuitable profession for himself. You can fix everything in life if you try. But if a person the first time chooses a profession that suits him and enters a university, and then works in his own special way, then the person’s life can be considered successful.
And the main thing is never to lose heart. There is always a way out of any situation. The main thing is to believe and know that whether you will be successful or not depends not on your success at school, but on the person himself. Therefore, if you did poorly at school, do not think that you will not do anything good in life. If you want, you can achieve more than your classmates who only got straight A's.
Russian language
Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this heritage passed on to us by our predecessors, among whom Pushkin again shines! Treat this powerful instrument with respect: in the hands of skilled people it is capable of performing miracles... Take care of the purity of the language as if it were a shrine!
I.S. Turgenev
You can do wonders with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our consciousness that could not be conveyed in Russian words... There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language. K.G.Paustovsky
8. The problem of human action
. Beauty will save the world...” - said F. M. Dostoevsky, meaning the inner content of this quality, a certain harmony. Hence, a beautiful deed, according to the writer, must meet God’s commandments and must be good.
Which of the characters in Dostoevsky's novel acted truly beautifully?
The main character of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, did many good deeds. He is a kind person by nature who takes other people’s pain hard and always helps people. So Raskolnikov saves children from the fire, gives his last money to the Marmeladovs, tries to protect a drunken girl from men pestering her, worries about his sister, Dunya, tries to prevent her marriage with Luzhin in order to protect her from humiliation., loves and pities his mother, tries not to bother her. her with her problems. But Raskolnikov’s trouble is that he chose a completely inappropriate means to achieve such global goals. Unlike Raskolnikov, Sonya does truly beautiful things. She sacrifices herself for the sake of her loved ones because she loves them. Yes, Sonya is a harlot, but she did not have the opportunity to quickly earn money honestly, and her family was dying of hunger. This woman destroys herself, but her soul remains pure, because she believes in God and tries to do good to everyone, loving and compassionate in a Christian way.
Sonya's most beautiful act is saving Raskolnikov...
Sonya Marmeladova's whole life is self-sacrifice. With the power of her love, she elevates Raskolnikov to herself, helps him overcome his sin and resurrect. The actions of Sonya Marmeladova express all the beauty of human action.
To the heroes of L.N. Tolstoy is highly characterized by the feeling of the need to conform his life to certain moral criteria, the absence of discord between his actions and his own conscience. Undoubtedly, this is the position of the author, who often deliberately takes his heroes through difficult life trials so that they can realize their actions and develop strong moral principles in their souls. These convictions, hard-earned from the heart, will not allow the heroes in the future to go contrary to what they consciously learned from everyday difficulties. Pierre Bezukhov, one of the writer’s favorite heroes, becomes a particularly illustrative example of the unity of thought and action. Being at odds with his wife, feeling disgusted with the life in the world that they lead, worrying after their duel with Dolokhov. Pierre involuntarily asks eternal, but so important questions for him: “What is bad? What well? Why live, and what am I?” And when one of the smartest Masonic figures calls on him to change his life and purify himself by serving good, to benefit his neighbor, Pierre sincerely believed “in the possibility of the brotherhood of people united with the goal of supporting each other on the path of virtue.” And Pierre does everything to achieve this goal. what he considers necessary: donates money to the brotherhood, establishes schools, hospitals and shelters, tries to make the life of peasant women with small children easier. His actions are always in harmony with his conscience, and the feeling of rightness gives him confidence in life.
