Focus on the text as the most important component of modern humanities education. III

Homework.

1. Retelling of the lecture and textbook materials p. 240-245.

2. Choose a topic for an essay on the novel “War and Peace”:

a) Why can Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky be called the best people of their time?

b) “The Club of the People’s War.”

c) The real heroes of 1812

d) Court and military “drones”.

e) Favorite heroine of L. Tolstoy.

f) What do Tolstoy’s favorite heroes see as the meaning of life?

g) Spiritual evolution of Natasha Rostova.

h) The role of a portrait in creating an image - a character.

i) The character’s speech as a means of characterizing him in the novel.

j) Landscape in the novel “War and Peace”.

k) The theme of true and false patriotism in the novel.

l) Mastery of psychological analysis in the novel “War and Peace” (using the example of one of the characters).

3. Prepare for the conversation on Volume I, Part 1.

a) Salon of A.P. Scherer. What are the hostess and the visitors of her salon like (their relationships, interests, views on politics, behavior, Tolstoy’s attitude towards them)?

b) P. Bezukhov (chap. 2-6, 12-13, 18-25) and A. Bolkonsky 9th chapter. 3-60 at the beginning of the path and ideological quest.

c) Entertainment for secular youth (evening at Dolokhov’s, chapter 6).

d) The Rostov family (characters, atmosphere, interests), chapters 7-11, 14-17.

e) Bald Mountains, the estate of General N.A. Bolkonsky (character, interests, activities, family relationships, war), ch. 22-25.

f) What is different and common in the behavior of people at the Rostovs’ name day and in the house in Bald Mountains compared to the Scherer salon?

“Family Thought” in the novel “War and Peace.” Spiritual quests of Bolkonsky, Bezukhov. Female images in the novel.

Target: show the tearing off of all and every mask from high society society; reveal the conflict between A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov with this society; analyze scenes from the life of Moscow high society (the history of the struggle for the inheritance of Count Bezukhov).

Equipment: printed materials, cards, film “War and Peace” (fragments), can be used before or after analyzing the episodes.

During the classes

I. Test work according to options involving printed material (for each student).

L. N. Tolstoy devoted seven years (1863-1869) to the novel “War and Peace,” in his own words, “of incessant and exceptional labor, under the best living conditions.” Almost all autographs of the novel have survived to this day. They amount to more than five thousand sheets, mostly filled in on both sides.

“I started a novel about 4 months ago, the hero of which should be the returning Decembrist. ... My Decembrist should be an enthusiast, a mystic, a Christian, returning to Russia in 56 with his wife, son and daughter and trying on his strict and somewhat ideal view of the new Russia.”

So, the main creative impulse, the result of which was “War and Peace,” was the artist’s thought about his modernity. But in the novel about the Decembrist, only the first chapters were written. Tolstoy spoke about the further development of the original plan in one of the rough drafts of the preface to the novel “War and Peace.”

“In 1856, I began to write a story with a well-known direction, the hero of which should be a Decembrist returning with his family to Russia. Involuntarily, I moved from the present to 1825, the era of my hero’s errors and misfortunes, and left what I started. But even in 1825, my hero was already a mature family man. To understand him, I needed to be transported to his youth, and his youth coincided with the glorious era of 1812 for Russia. Another time I abandoned what I had started and began to write from the time of 1812, the smell and sound of which are still audible and dear to us, but which now it is so distant from us that we can think about it calmly. But the third time I left what I had started, but not because I needed to describe the first youth of my hero, on the contrary: between those semi-historical, semi-public, semi-fictional great characters of the great era, the personality of my hero receded into the background, and into the foreground became, with equal interest for me, both young and old people, and men and women of that time. For the third time I returned back with a feeling that may seem strange to most readers, but which, I hope, will be understood by those whose opinions I value; I did this out of a feeling similar to shyness and which I cannot define in one word. I was ashamed to write about our triumph in the fight against Bonaparte’s France without describing our failures and our shame. Who has not experienced that hidden but unpleasant feeling of shyness and distrust when reading patriotic works about the 12th year? If the reason for our triumph was not accidental, but lay in the essence of the character of the Russian people and troops, then this character should have been expressed even more clearly in the era of failures and defeats.

So, having returned from 1856 to 1805, from now on I intend to take not one, but many of my heroines and heroes through the historical events of 1805, 1807, 1812, 1825 and 1856.”

L. N. Tolstoy. Sketches of the preface to War and Peace, 1867.

“At the time of the birth of the “book about the past,” it was no coincidence that Tolstoy was captivated by Herder’s ideas that the ends and beginnings of human existence extend far beyond the boundaries of his own earthly existence. Tolstoy could not talk about the repetition of certain phenomena in the course of history, but about the living commonality between the entire past and present, about the countless number of their intertwinings and mutual transitions. This is how the relationship between the beginning of the century and the time of the book’s creation developed in “War and Peace.”

J. S. Bilinkis. "War and Peace", 1986.

Exercise.

1. What issues of social life were relevant in the 60s (based on the works of A. N. Ostrovsky, I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, already known to you from this time)?

2. How did Tolstoy’s plan change? Did the transfer of the novel's action to the era of 1812 mean that the writer had left the times?

3. In the diary of the writer M. Prishvin there is the following entry: “The secret modernity of a story about non-modern things is, perhaps, the touchstone of true creativity.” Did you feel the secret modernity of the novel “War and Peace” while reading it on your own? What is she wearing?

Option. The meaning of the title of the novel and its characters

"L. N. Tolstoy began publishing the novel “War and Peace” even before completing work on it. In 1865-1866 a version of the first volume entitled “1805” appeared in the magazine “Russian Messenger”. The title “War and Peace” appears, apparently, only at the end of 1866. The words in the title of the novel are ambiguous, and the title includes the entire set of their meanings.

Thus, the concept of “war” in Tolstoy’s narrative means more than just military clashes between warring armies. War is generally hostility, misunderstanding, selfish calculation, separation.

War does not only exist in war. In the ordinary, everyday life of people separated by social and moral barriers, conflicts and clashes are inevitable. Fighting with Prince Vasily for the inheritance of the dying Count Bezukhov, Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya is conducting military operations. Tolstoy deliberately emphasizes this: “She took off her gloves and, in the position she had won, settled down in a chair.” She wins the battle for the mosaic briefcase, which contains the will of the old count. Prince Vasily does not give up and continues the war - this time for Pierre himself, along with all his inheritance. The matter is being carried out by completely peaceful and even attractive means - Pierre's marriage to the beautiful Helen. But the whole picture of the fatal “explanation” is in some way very reminiscent of military difficulties, and it is striking that the author talks about the love explanation in the same words as about the war. Just as in war there is a terrible line that separates life from death, friends from enemies, so Pierre, alone with Helen, feels a certain line that he is afraid to cross, crosses and thereby causes his misfortune. Then straight war follows - a duel with Dolokhov, more terrible than military action, because the murder could have happened in peaceful life.

Just like “war,” the concept of “peace” is revealed in the epic in a wide variety of meanings. Peace is the life of a people not in a state of war. The world is a peasant gathering that started a riot in Bogucharovo. The world is a “pool”, “nonsense and confusion” of everyday interests, which, unlike abusive life, so prevent Nikolai Rostov from being a “wonderful person” and so annoy him when he comes on vacation and understands nothing about this “stupid world." The world is the whole people, without distinction of classes, animated by a single feeling of pain for the desecrated fatherland. The world is the immediate environment that a person always carries with him, wherever he is, in war or in peaceful life, like the special “peace” of Tushin, the poetic love world of Natasha or the sadly focused spiritual world of Princess Marya. But the world is the whole world, the Universe; Pierre speaks about him, proving to Prince Andrei the existence of the “kingdom of truth.” Peace is a brotherhood of people, regardless of national and class differences. The world is life.

Such simple words - war and peace - in the title indicate the epic breadth and comprehensiveness of the book."

L. D. Opulskaya. L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, 1987.

Exercise.

Show, based on your impressions after reading the novel yourself, that the words “war” and “peace” in the title are not only key to the artistic content of the novel, but also images rich in many meanings.

Option. Genre and composition of the novel

“...What is “War and Peace”? This is not a novel, still less a poem, even less a historical chronicle. “War and Peace” is what the author wanted and could express in the form in which it was expressed. Such a statement about the author’s disdain for the conventional forms of a prosaic work of art might seem arrogant if it were intentional and if it had no examples. The history of Russian literature since the time of Pushka not only presents many examples of such a deviation from the European form, but does not even provide a single example of the opposite. Starting from Gogol’s “Dead Souls” to Dostoevsky’s “House of the Dead,” in the new period of Russian literature there is not a single artistic prose work that is slightly beyond mediocrity, which would fully fit into the form of a novel, poem or story.”

L. N. Tolstoy. A few words about the book “War and Peace”. 1868.

“The work now proposed comes closest to a novel or story, but it is not a novel, because I cannot and do not know how to put known boundaries on the persons I have invented - such as marriage or death, after which the interest of the story would be destroyed. I couldn’t help but imagine that the death of one person only aroused interest in other people, and marriage seemed mostly like the beginning, not the end of interest. I cannot call my work a story because I do not know how and cannot force my persons to act only for the purpose of proving or clarifying any one thought or series of thoughts.”

L. N. Tolstoy. Drafts of the preface to War and Peace. 1867.

“War and Peace” is one of the few books in world literature of the 19th century to which the title of epic novel is rightfully attached. Events of large historical scale. General life (and not private) form the basis of its content; it reveals the historical process, achieves an unusually wide coverage of Russian life in all its layers, and as a result of this, the number of characters, in particular characters from the people’s environment, is so large; it shows Russian national life.”

L. D. Opulskaya. L. N. Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace. 1987.

Exercise.

1. How is “War and Peace” different from the 19th century novels you know?

2. What are the main features of the epic mentioned in the above materials?

II. Survey and test of knowledge of the text, vol. I, parts 1-3:

Name the main events of volume I, parts 1-3;

What did Marya Dmitrievna give to Natasha Rostova for her birthday? ( yacht earrings with pears);

With whom (adults) did Natasha Rostova dance at her birthday party? ( with Pierre);

From whom did M. Bolkonskaya first learn about Anatoly Kuragin’s upcoming matchmaking with her? ( from Julie's letter).

What caused the dissatisfaction of the regimental commander Bogdanovich Nikolai Rostov?

What wound did N. Rostov receive and in what battle? ( hand, Battle of Shengraben);

Why didn’t Tushin and his battery retreat? ( Didn't receive orders, Zherkov chickened out.)

Did Pierre propose to Helene to marry him? ( Prince Vasily blessed without a proposal);

Why didn’t M. Bolkonskaya accept A. Kuragin’s proposal to marry him? ( I saw A. Kuragin and his companions meeting in the garden).

How the Battle of Austerlitz ended for Prince Andrei ( leads the battalion into battle with a banner, is wounded).

Related information.

L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace.” History of creation.

Conclusion:“I tried to write the history of the people.”

1857 - after a meeting with the Decembrists, L.N. Tolstoy conceived a novel about one of them.

1825 - “Involuntarily, I moved from the present to 1825, the era of my hero’s errors and misfortunes.”

1812 - “To understand my hero, I need to travel back to his youth, which coincided with the glorious era of 1812 for Russia.”

1805 - “I was ashamed to write about our triumph without describing our failures and our shame.”

Conclusion: A huge amount of material has accumulated about the historical events of 1805-1856. and the concept of the novel changed. The events of 1812 were at the center, and the Russian people became the hero of the novel.
Appendix 2

Historical commentary to volume I of the novel “War and Peace.”

In the first volume of the epic novel “War and Peace,” the action takes place in 1805.

In 1789, at the time of the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte (in his homeland, the island of Corsica, his surname was pronounced Buanaparte) was 20 years old, and he served as a lieutenant in a French regiment.

In 1793, a counter-revolutionary uprising supported by the English fleet occurred in Toulon, a port city on the Mediterranean Sea. The revolutionary army besieged Toulon from land, but could not take it for a long time, until the unknown captain Bonaparte appeared. He laid out his plan for taking the city and carried it out.

This victory made 24-year-old Bonaparte a general, and hundreds of young men began to dream of their Toulon.

Then there were 2 years of disgrace, until 1795 there was a counter-revolutionary uprising against the Convention. They remembered the young, decisive general, called him, and he, with complete fearlessness, shot a huge crowd in the middle of the city from cannons. The following year, he led the French army operating in Italy, walked along the most dangerous road through the Alps, defeated the Italian army in 6 days, and then the selected Austrian troops.

Returning from Italy to Paris, General Bonaparte was greeted as a national hero.

After Italy there was a trip to Egypt and Syria to fight the British on the territory of their colonies, then a triumphant return to France, the destruction of the gains of the French Revolution and the post of first consul (from 1799).

In 1804 he proclaimed himself emperor. And shortly before the coronation he committed another cruelty: he executed the Duke of Enghien, who belonged to the French royal house of Bourbon.

Promoted by the revolution and having destroyed its conquests, he is preparing a war with the main enemy - England.

In England they also made preparations: they managed to conclude an alliance with Russia and Austria, whose combined troops moved west. Instead of landing in England, Napoleon had to meet them halfway.

Russia's military actions against France were caused primarily by the tsarist government's fear of the “revolutionary infection” spreading throughout Europe.

However, under the Austrian fortress of Braunau, an army of forty thousand under the command of Kutuzov was on the verge of disaster due to the defeat of the Austrian troops. Fighting off the advanced units of the enemy, the Russian army began to retreat in the direction of Vienna to join forces coming from Russia.

But French troops entered Vienna before Kutuzov’s army, which faced the threat of destruction. It was then that, fulfilling Kutuzov’s plan, General Bagration’s four-thousandth detachment accomplished a feat near the village of Shengraben: he stood in the way of the French and made it possible for the main forces of the Russian army to escape from the trap.

The efforts of the Russian commanders and the heroic actions of the soldiers ultimately did not bring victory: on December 2, 1805, in the battle of Austerlitz, the Russian army was defeated.

Lessons 38-39 (106-107). Episode “Evening at the Scherer salon.

Petersburg. July 1805" (vol. I, part 1, chapters 1-6, 12-13, 18-25)

Target: show the tearing off of all and every mask from high society society; reveal the conflict between A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov with this society; analyze scenes from the life of Moscow high society (the history of the struggle for the inheritance of Count Bezukhov).

Equipment: printed materials, cards, film “War and Peace” (fragments), can be used before or after analyzing the episodes.
During the classes

I. Verification work according to options involving printed material (for each student).

L. N. Tolstoy devoted seven years (1863-1869) to the novel “War and Peace,” in his own words, “of incessant and exceptional labor, under the best living conditions.” Almost all autographs of the novel have survived to this day. They amount to more than five thousand sheets, mostly filled in on both sides.

“I started a novel about 4 months ago, the hero of which should be the returning Decembrist. ... My Decembrist should be an enthusiast, a mystic, a Christian, returning to Russia in 56 with his wife, son and daughter and trying on his strict and somewhat ideal view of the new Russia.”

So, the main creative impulse, the result of which was “War and Peace,” was the artist’s thought about his modernity. But in the novel about the Decembrist, only the first chapters were written. Tolstoy spoke about the further development of the original plan in one of the rough drafts of the preface to the novel “War and Peace.”

“In 1856, I began to write a story with a well-known direction, the hero of which should be a Decembrist returning with his family to Russia. Involuntarily, I moved from the present to 1825, the era of my hero’s errors and misfortunes, and left what I started. But even in 1825, my hero was already a mature family man. To understand him, I needed to be transported to his youth, and his youth coincided with the glorious era of 1812 for Russia. Another time I abandoned what I had started and began to write from the time of 1812, the smell and sound of which are still audible and dear to us, but which now it is so distant from us that we can think about it calmly. But the third time I left what I had started, but not because I needed to describe the first youth of my hero, on the contrary: between those semi-historical, semi-public, semi-fictional great characters of the great era, the personality of my hero receded into the background, and into the foreground became, with equal interest for me, both young and old people, and men and women of that time. For the third time I returned back with a feeling that may seem strange to most readers, but which, I hope, will be understood by those whose opinions I value; I did this out of a feeling similar to shyness and which I cannot define in one word. I was ashamed to write about our triumph in the fight against Bonaparte’s France without describing our failures and our shame. Who has not experienced that hidden but unpleasant feeling of shyness and distrust when reading patriotic works about the 12th year? If the reason for our triumph was not accidental, but lay in the essence of the character of the Russian people and troops, then this character should have been expressed even more clearly in the era of failures and defeats.

So, having returned from 1856 to 1805, from now on I intend to take not one, but many of my heroines and heroes through the historical events of 1805, 1807, 1812, 1825 and 1856.”

L. N. Tolstoy. Sketches of the preface to War and Peace, 1867.
“At the time of the birth of the “book about the past,” it was no coincidence that Tolstoy was captivated by Herder’s ideas that the ends and beginnings of human existence extend far beyond the boundaries of his own earthly existence. Tolstoy could not talk about the repetition of certain phenomena in the course of history, but about the living commonality between the entire past and present, about the countless number of their intertwinings and mutual transitions. This is how the relationship between the beginning of the century and the time of the book’s creation developed in “War and Peace.”

J. S. Bilinkis. "War and Peace", 1986.
Exercise.

1. What issues of social life were relevant in the 60s (based on the works of A. N. Ostrovsky, I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, already known to you from this time)?

2. How did Tolstoy’s plan change? Did the transfer of the novel's action to the era of 1812 mean that the writer had left the times?

3. In the diary of the writer M. Prishvin there is the following entry: “The secret modernity of a story about non-modern things is, perhaps, the touchstone of true creativity.” Did you feel the secret modernity of the novel “War and Peace” while reading it on your own? What is she wearing?

"L. N. Tolstoy began publishing the novel “War and Peace” even before completing work on it. In 1865-1866 a version of the first volume entitled “1805” appeared in the magazine “Russian Messenger”. The title “War and Peace” appears, apparently, only at the end of 1866. The words in the title of the novel are ambiguous, and the title includes the entire set of their meanings.

Thus, the concept of “war” in Tolstoy’s narrative means more than just military clashes between warring armies. War is generally hostility, misunderstanding, selfish calculation, separation.

War does not only exist in war. In the ordinary, everyday life of people separated by social and moral barriers, conflicts and clashes are inevitable. Fighting with Prince Vasily for the inheritance of the dying Count Bezukhov, Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya is conducting military operations. Tolstoy deliberately emphasizes this: “She took off her gloves and, in the position she had won, settled down in a chair.” She wins the battle for the mosaic briefcase, which contains the will of the old count. Prince Vasily does not give up and continues the war - this time for Pierre himself, along with all his inheritance. The matter is being carried out by completely peaceful and even attractive means - Pierre's marriage to the beautiful Helen. But the whole picture of the fatal “explanation” is in some way very reminiscent of military difficulties, and it is striking that the author talks about the love explanation in the same words as about the war. Just as in war there is a terrible line that separates life from death, friends from enemies, so Pierre, alone with Helen, feels a certain line that he is afraid to cross, crosses and thereby causes his misfortune. Then straight war follows - a duel with Dolokhov, more terrible than military action, because the murder could have happened in peaceful life.

Just like “war,” the concept of “peace” is revealed in the epic in a wide variety of meanings. Peace is the life of a people not in a state of war. The world is a peasant gathering that started a riot in Bogucharovo. The world is a “pool”, “nonsense and confusion” of everyday interests, which, unlike abusive life, so prevent Nikolai Rostov from being a “wonderful person” and so annoy him when he comes on vacation and understands nothing about this “stupid world." The world is the whole people, without distinction of classes, animated by a single feeling of pain for the desecrated fatherland. The world is the immediate environment that a person always carries with him, wherever he is, in war or in peaceful life, like the special “peace” of Tushin, the poetic love world of Natasha or the sadly focused spiritual world of Princess Marya. But the world is the whole world, the Universe; Pierre speaks about him, proving to Prince Andrei the existence of the “kingdom of truth.” Peace is a brotherhood of people, regardless of national and class differences. The world is life.

Such simple words - war and peace - in the title indicate the epic breadth and comprehensiveness of the book."

L. D. Opulskaya. L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, 1987.
Exercise.

Show, based on your impressions after reading the novel yourself, that the words “war” and “peace” in the title are not only key to the artistic content of the novel, but also images rich in many meanings.

“...What is “War and Peace”? This is not a novel, still less a poem, even less a historical chronicle. “War and Peace” is what the author wanted and could express in the form in which it was expressed. Such a statement about the author’s disdain for the conventional forms of a prosaic work of art might seem arrogant if it were intentional and if it had no examples. The history of Russian literature since the time of Pushka not only presents many examples of such a deviation from the European form, but does not even provide a single example of the opposite. Starting from Gogol’s “Dead Souls” to Dostoevsky’s “House of the Dead,” in the new period of Russian literature there is not a single artistic prose work that is slightly beyond mediocrity, which would fully fit into the form of a novel, poem or story.”

L. N. Tolstoy. A few words about the book “War and Peace”. 1868.
“The work now proposed comes closest to a novel or story, but it is not a novel, because I cannot and do not know how to put known boundaries on the persons I have invented - such as marriage or death, after which the interest of the story would be destroyed. I couldn’t help but imagine that the death of one person only aroused interest in other people, and marriage seemed mostly like the beginning, not the end of interest. I cannot call my work a story because I do not know how and cannot force my persons to act only for the purpose of proving or clarifying any one thought or series of thoughts.”

L. N. Tolstoy. Drafts of the preface to War and Peace. 1867.
“War and Peace” is one of the few books in world literature of the 19th century to which the title of epic novel is rightfully attached. Events of large historical scale. General life (and not private) form the basis of its content; it reveals the historical process, achieves an unusually wide coverage of Russian life in all its layers, and as a result of this, the number of characters, in particular characters from the people’s environment, is so large; it shows Russian national life.”

L. D. Opulskaya. L. N. Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace. 1987.
Exercise.

1. How is “War and Peace” different from the 19th century novels you know?

2. What are the main features of the epic mentioned in the above materials?
II. Survey and test of knowledge of the text, vol. I, parts 1-3:

Name the main events of volume I, parts 1-3;

What did Marya Dmitrievna give to Natasha Rostova for her birthday? ( yacht earrings with pears);

With whom (adults) did Natasha Rostova dance at her birthday party? ( with Pierre);

From whom did M. Bolkonskaya first learn about Anatoly Kuragin’s upcoming matchmaking with her? ( from Julie's letter).

What caused the dissatisfaction of the regimental commander Bogdanovich Nikolai Rostov?

What wound did N. Rostov receive and in what battle? ( hand, Battle of Shengraben);

Why didn’t Tushin and his battery retreat? ( Didn't receive orders, Zherkov chickened out.)

Did Pierre propose to Helene to marry him? ( Prince Vasily blessed without a proposal);

Why didn’t M. Bolkonskaya accept A. Kuragin’s proposal to marry him? ( I saw A. Kuragin and his companions meeting in the garden).

How the Battle of Austerlitz ended for Prince Andrei ( leads the battalion into battle with a banner, is wounded).
III. Teacher's opening speech.

The general goal in studying the novel is to find out which standards of life Tolstoy affirms and which he denies. We begin our acquaintance with the novel with an episode of an evening in the salon of A.P. Scherer in July 1805. The specific goal is to determine, firstly, the author’s attitude towards the norms of life of high society and how he expresses this, and secondly, to see whether this society and, thirdly, conversations in the salon of people close to the royal court will allow us to join in the political atmosphere of the era: it was in July 1805 that diplomatic relations between Russia and France were broken. Why did this happen?

1. Which characters, and in what order, does Tolstoy introduce the reader to in the first chapters of the novel?

3. P. Bezukhov and A. Bolkonsky as strangers in Scherer’s living room.

4. “Anecdote” of Prince Ippolit at the end of the evening. French and Russian in the description of Anna Pavlovna's salon.

The action begins in July 1805 in the salon of A.P. Scherer. These scenes introduce us to representatives of the court aristocratic environment: maid of honor Sherer, minister Prince Vasily Kuragin, his children - the beautiful Helen, the “restless fool” Anatole and the “calm fool” Hippolyte, Princess Lisa Bolkonskaya, etc.

The negative attitude towards Tolstoy’s heroes was manifested in the fact that the author shows how false everything about them is, it does not come from a pure heart, but from the need to maintain decency. Tolstoy denies the norms of life of high society and, behind its external decency, grace, and secular tact, reveals the emptiness, selfishness, greed and careerism of the “cream” of society.

To expose the falseness and unnaturalness of these people, Tolstoy uses the method of “tearing off all and sundry masks” (“First of all, tell me, how is your health, dear friend? Reassure me,” said Prince Vasily in a tone in which, due to decency and sympathy, indifference shone through and even ridicule").

Looking through Chapter 2, students read facts that speak about the falsehood of this society, evaluative epithets and comparisons in the descriptions of the characters (“flat face”, Anna Pavlovna “treated” her guests to foreigners, “served”... first the viscount, then the abbot... ).

Two people stand out among Anna Pavlovna’s guests. Who are they? Do they belong in a high society living room, judging only by the portraits and demeanor of the characters?

(Smart and timid, observant and natural look of Pierre, a grimace of boredom on the handsome face of Prince Andrei. Already from the portraits it is clear that they are strangers here. From the very moment of their appearance in the salon, the conflict of Pierre and Prince Andrei with the aristocratic environment is felt. Anna Pavlovna greeted Pierre bow, “referring to people of the lowest hierarchy in her salon,” and treated him with fear.)

Compare the portrait of Pierre and Prince Vasily and their behavior.

Name the details that reveal the spiritual closeness of Pierre and A. Bolkonsky.

(Pierre does not take his “joyful, friendly eyes off” only from Bolkonsky, and Prince Andrei, looking at everyone in the living room with a tired, bored look, smiled only at Pierre with an “unexpectedly kind and pleasant smile”).

Pierre's violation of the etiquette established by Anna Pavlovna and his clumsiness once again confirm that he is a foreign body in the high society drawing room. Prince Vasily says to Anna Pavlovna about him: “Train this bear for me.”

It cannot be said so emphatically about Prince Andrei that he is a stranger in everything. In this society he is not a “bear”, he has equal rights, he is respected and feared, he can allow himself to “squint” at society. He is something for everyone. They are strangers to him.

We draw attention to the features of Tolstoy’s portraits:

a) the naturalness of the first acquaintance with the hero through his appearance, as happens in life;

b) deep psychological content of the portrait, expression through it of changes in feelings and moods;

c) highlighting 1-2 permanent signs (the bright expression of Prince Vasily’s flat face; Anna Pavlovna’s enthusiastic, as if glued-on smile; Pierre’s smart and timid look...)

So, denying the norms of life of high society, Tolstoy begins the path of his positive heroes with their denial of the emptiness and falsehood of secular life. The author shows the heterogeneity of this society, and the people who are disgusted by such a life.

Let us pay attention to political disputes (Chapter 4).

(The story about the anti-Napoleonic conspiracy of the Duke of Enghien turns into a cute social anecdote in the salon, which everyone finds charming. When Pierre tries to enter into a conversation about Napoleon, Anna Pavlovna does not allow this. A. Bolkonsky is well aware of Napoleon, he quotes Napoleonic sayings. In the background general condemnation of Napoleon, Pierre's words suddenly sound in his defense, horrifying everyone, and only A. Bolkonsky supports him. This indicates the progressive attitude of Pierre and the political reactionary nature of the Scherer circle, since the ideas of revolution here are assessed as ideas of robbery, murder and regicide; remember Anna Pavlovna’s words (chapter 1) about the need to crush the hydra of the revolution... in the person of this murderer and villain...")

If Pierre has not yet realized his opposition to secular society, then Prince Andrei deeply despises the world (characteristics of secular society, Chapter 6). This is manifested in his demeanor (in Scherer’s living room he has a “bored” look, his voice sounds “dryly unpleasant”), in open sympathy for Pierre, who preaches freedom-loving views, and in harsh statements about the empty and base interests of the court aristocracy.

What episode ends the evening at A.P. Scherer’s?

(A stupid joke by Hippolytus, which everyone greeted as a social courtesy.)

Let us pay attention to the fact that Ch. 1-4. full of French. For what purpose is the French language introduced into the novel?

(The French language is the norm of a secular society; Tolstoy emphasizes the characters’ ignorance of their native language, their separation from the people, i.e. the French language is a means of characterizing the nobility with its anti-national orientation.)

By simply using either Russian or French, Tolstoy shows his attitude to what is happening. Pierre's words, although he speaks excellent French and is more accustomed to it abroad, are given only in Russian by the author. Replies by A. Bolkonsky (and he, out of habit, often switches to French and speaks it like a Frenchman, even pronouncing the word “Kutuzov” with an emphasis on the last syllable) are also given, mostly in Russian, with the exception of two cases: prince Andrei, entering the salon, answers Anna Pavlovna’s question in French, asked in French, and quotes Napoleon in French.

As a rule, where lies or evil are described, French or, later, German language breaks in.
VI. Standards of life for young representatives of high society.

What is the friendship between Pierre and A. Bolkonsky based on?

(The friendship of the heroes is built on the commonality of their interests, therefore, as a more experienced person, Prince Andrei recommends that Pierre not be friends with Kuragin.)

What are the entertainments of the society of Kuragin and Dolokhov? What role do these scenes play in the novel?

(These scenes reveal new aspects of the life of the aristocracy, introduce new heroes (Dolokhov, A. Kuragin). The scenes in the salon of A.P. Scherer (Pierre’s preaching of freedom-loving views) and the entertainment of secular youth (Pierre’s participation in revelries) represent a psychological connection to the development Pierre's storyline.)

From the first pages of the novel we pay attention to the contradictory character of Pierre; what principle will win in it?

Similar in style to the description of Scherer's salon is the scene of the death of Count Bezukhov and the struggle for the mosaic briefcase - the story of the struggle for the inheritance of the dying Count Bezukhov. Here is the same method of tearing off masks in society.

Briefly tell these scenes and prove the method of tearing off the masks.

(Events in the house of the old dying nobleman Count Bezukhov reveal the family and everyday relations of the aristocracy of the 19th century and characterize many of the heroes of the work from a new perspective. The struggle for inheritance is of great importance for understanding the moral decay that covers the highest circles of the court aristocracy. The writer shows the greed and greed of Prince Vasily , seeking an inheritance, claims that he wants to take care first of all of the three princesses living in the house, but in reality, because of the inheritance, he can even commit a crime (an attempt to destroy the will, the scene with the mosaic briefcase).

The struggle for the inheritance reveals the true face of the eldest princess, Prince Vasily's ally. Always well-mannered and reserved, she becomes rude and angry when she finds out that she will not inherit the inheritance. Her role in the fight for the mosaic portfolio is especially unattractive.

This scene characterizes Princess Drubetskaya and her son Boris in a new way; she reveals Anna Mikhailovna’s cleverly disguised selfishness and Boris’s prudence.

This scene is no less important for understanding the character of Pierre, his inexperience, naivety, sincerity and spontaneity, and at the same time it also reveals the servility characteristic of representatives of the aristocracy (the attitude of those around him towards Pierre the heir).

The scene of the struggle for the mosaic briefcase is, in contrast, connected with the episode in which Countess Rostova, despite her upset financial affairs, transfers a large sum to A. M. Drubetskoy for Boris’s uniform.)
VII. Conclusion.

How does Tolstoy relate to the norms of life of high society (older, younger generations), does he treat everyone equally and why, what artistic method does he use.

Lesson 40 (108). Name day at the Rostovs. Bald Mountains

Target: using the example of the Rostovs and Bolkonskys, show other layers of the nobility, with different standards of life; identify comparison and contrast as the main compositional principle of the novel.

Equipment: cards.
During the classes

I. Concisely tell the episode “The Rostov Family. Name day."

With elements of analysis. Answer the question: what is different and common in the behavior of guests and hosts at the Rostovs’ name days compared to the Scherer salon?

Observation plan

1. Connection of the episode “Name Day at the Rostovs” with the previous ones.

2. Reception of guests by the hosts. The nature of their conversation.

3. The arrival of young people. Her interests and behavior.

4. Gift from the Countess Mother to Anna Drubetskaya. Its meaning.

5. Dinner environment. Attitudes towards war between guests and hosts.

6. Entertainment and customs of the Rostovs.

Name day scenes are given interspersed with chapters about the death of Count Bezukhov (chap. 7-11 - name day scenes; ch. 12-13 - scenes of the count's illness; ch. 14-17 - in the Rostovs; ch. 18-21 - Bezukhov's death).

Tolstoy, alternating these chapters, thereby conveys a sense of the complexity and diversity of life, in which fun and sorrow, joy and death occur simultaneously.

The name day episode follows the scenes of the evening in Scherer's salon. Let us note the emphasized similarities: there are guests here and there. The world of the Rostovs is the world whose norms Tolstoy affirms for their simplicity and naturalness, purity and cordiality, arouses the admiration and patriotism of the “Rostov breed.” When retelling, pay attention to the description of the reception of guests at the Rostovs, the purpose of their arrival, the family and joyful nature of the holiday, in contrast to the secular stiffness of the evening at Scherer.

The mistress of the house, Countess Natalya Rostova, is the same age as Anna Pavlovna - a forty-year-old woman. But that one is a “social enthusiast,” an old maid who has not taken any roots in life (this is important for Tolstoy), and this one is the head of the family, wife and mother of 12 children. We celebrate the scene of the reception of guests - “congratulators” - by Count Ilya Rostov, who, without exception, “both those above and below him” said to everyone: “I am very, very grateful to you, for myself and for my dear birthday girls.” This scene already contrasts with the “hierarchy of greetings” that Scherer established. The Count speaks to guests more often in Russian, “sometimes in very bad, but self-confident French.” Conventions of secular tact, secular news - all this is observed in conversations with guests. These details indicate that the Rostovs are people of their time and class and bear its features. And into this secular atmosphere, like a “ray of sunshine”, the younger generation of Rostovs bursts in (appearance, behavior, interests, relationships - an episode in a flower or sofa room - chapters 10, 11). Even the Rostovs’ jokes are pure, touchingly naive. The quarrel and reconciliation of Nikolai with Sonya, the “date” at the tub of flowers of Natasha and Boris, their general conversation with Vera gives an idea of ​​the interests and relationships of young people. The behavior of the young Rostovs is contrasted by Tolstoy in comparison with the St. Petersburg youth (the Dolokhov-Kuragin company), where time is spent in revelry, debauchery, ridiculous and evil jokes (the story with the bear - the wedding with the doll).

Evening name day celebration. The main guest of the Rostovs was Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova, without whom they did not start dinner. She is famous for her directness of mind and frank simplicity of communication, “everyone without exception respected and feared her” (chapter 15). In the company of Anna Pavlovna Scherer, the main person is the sophisticated emigrant viscount. The appearance of a figure like Marya Dmitrievna is impossible in Scherer’s salon, just as her conversations are impossible: “... are you an old sinner,... are you missing tea in Moscow? Is there nowhere to run dogs?...”

At the Rostovs’ table, like at Scherer’s, they talk about the war, about politics, but in a different tone. The older generation is concerned about this issue because their sons are going to war. The Rostov family is characterized by natural behavior (Natasha’s antics at the table, the singing of the young Rostovs, the count father dancing Danila Kupora, the smiling faces of the servants who admire the master).

So, in the Rostov family there is simplicity and cordiality, natural behavior, cordiality, mutual love in the family, nobility and sensitivity, closeness in language and customs to the people and at the same time their observance of a secular way of life and secular conventions, behind which, however, they do not stand calculation and self-interest. Tolstoy seems to emphasize: the Rostovs and Scherer are people of the same class, but of a different “breed.” Thus, in the storyline of the Rostov family, Tolstoy reflects the life and activities of the local nobility. Various psychological types appeared before us: the good-natured, hospitable slacker Count Rostov, the countess who tenderly loves her children, the judicious Vera, the charming Natasha; sincere Nikolai, cautious and prudent Boris Drubetskoy, etc. In contrast to the Scherer salon, in the Rostov house there is an atmosphere of fun, joy, happiness, and sincere concern for the fate of the Motherland.

Extracurricular activity: Intellectual show “Smart Men and Clever Girls” (based on the novel

L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”)

Game description: 9 students take part in the game, from which playing trios are formed. The order of the threes is decided by lot. The game consists of three stages. Of the 9 participants, three will reach the finals, in which the winner will be determined. The spectators are called theorists and also participate in the game, answering questions that the participants did not answer. For the correct answer, both participants and theorists receive the Order of the Smart Guy (a token with the letterU ) . The red carpet is the shortest, but you can’t make mistakes here. Yellow track - three questions, you can only make one mistake. Green is the longest, there are four questions on it, you can make a mistake here twice. With the help of the Orders of the Smart Guy, the results are summed up.

Progress of the game:

Presenter's opening remarks: Dear smart guys and girls, as well as guests of our game! Today we will talk about the work of the great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy - the epic novel “War and Peace”.

“A great poem, a great creation, an eternal song, bequeathed from century to century...” wrote A.I. Herzen about the novel. And I.S. Turgenev said about the novel this way: “what a majestic, deep and comprehensive content...” “Tolstoy told us in the novel “War and Peace” about Russian life almost as much as all Russian literature” - this is a statement by M. Gorky. I. Repin called the novel “the great book of life.”

Yes, the novel “War and Peace” belongs to the books that do not die. Reading it, everyone thinks about the “eternal” questions: what is bad, what is good? What should you love, what should you hate? Why live and what am I? What is life and death? What force controls everything?

These questions torment Tolstoy’s favorite heroes and, I think, today they also torment the modern reader. This also happens at the time when we enter the artistic world of the writer. I invite you to do this again today. Let's talk about this great work.

First agon

(first three participants)

So, we begin the first agon with the “Prologue”. I present to you the judges of the Areopagus, my assistants and the participants in the first agon. (performance)

And now, wise men and women of the first agon,competition of Russian language experts . You have to find and correct mistakes that were made in words from excerpts from the novel “War and Peace”. (Progressive, effective, calosal, worldview, living room).

Second task for you -eloquence competition . You get a topic from your homework:L.N. Tolstoy and his attitude towards the heroes of the novel “War and Peace”. Performance time – 1 minute. (Speeches by participants)

- Word to the Areopagus : 1st place was taken by participant –

Participant took 2nd place -

3rd place was taken by the participant -

In accordance with the places, you choose the tracks on which you will play. (Participants choose). Let's move on to the main competition. As you remember, its theme is the novel - the epic “War and Peace”.

1. What did Marya Dmitrievna give to Natasha Rostova for her birthday? (Yakhont earrings)

2.Did Pierre propose to Helene to marry him?

3. Why, having won the Battle of Borodino, does Kutuzov decide to leave Moscow?

4.When did M.I. Kutuzov die? Where is he buried? (04/28/1813, St. Petersburg, Kazan Cathedral)

1. Remember what conclusions Prince Andrei came to after Austerlitz?

2. To resolve what issue did the military council meet on September 13, 1812 in the village of Fili near Moscow?

3.What brings Prince Andrei and Pierre together, despite the difference in their characters?

1.Which female image do you think Tolstoy loves? What do you think is the charm of the heroine, her charm? (In simplicity, naturalness)

2. For Tolstoy the writer, a person’s eyes are a window into his soul. Illustrate this with an example from the novel.

Second agon

( second three participants)

Let's start with " Prologue" (Competition of Russian language experts : find and correct mistakes in words)

Second eloquence competition . Your topic is « I read the novel “War and Peace” And …

-The word to the Areopagus : 1st place was taken by participant –

Participant took 2nd place -

3rd place was taken by the participant -

Choose paths according to locations

Questions for the participant on the green path

1. Name the commander-in-chief of the Russian army in the War of 1812 and tell me how Russian soldiers spoke about him?

2. Under what original title was the novel “War and Peace” published in the magazine “Russian Messenger” in 1865? ("1805")

3. Why Nikolai Rostov doesn’t want to leave the army, from this “clear, good world” when he receives a letter from home from his mother?

4. How does Tolstoy prove his idea: if there is no moral core in parents, there will be none in children?

Questions for the participant on the yellow carpet

1. " The wiser a person is, the less vanity there is in his dream.” When did Prince Andrei understand this?

2.What is the meaning of the contrast between true and false patriotism in the epic novel?

3. Why are the pictures of military life in the novel presented through the perception of Pierre Bezukhov?

Questions for the participant on the red carpet

1. Which Natasha, in your opinion, is more valuable to the author: a dreamy girl or a caring mother?

2. How are the Bolkonsky and Rostov families similar?

Third agon

(Next three participants)

So, " Prologue" for participants 3 rounds.Competition of Russian language experts. Find and correct mistakes in words.

Second eloquence competition and your topic is “ To live honestly..." (About moral Tolstoy's code of heroes )

-The word to the Areopagus

Selecting tracks

Questions for the participant on the green path

1. How did the Battle of Austerlitz end for Prince Andrei?

2.Remember the evening in Anna Pavlovna Scherer’s salon. Among the guests, two people stand out. Who are they? How are they different from others?

3. What struck Prince Andrey at night in Otradnoye?

4. How does Tolstoy describe the emergence and development of love between Natasha and Prince Andrei?

Questions for the participant on the yellow carpet

1. Is the description of Napoleon and Kutuzov equivalent in the novel “War and Peace”?

2. Why is Andrei Bolkonsky disappointed in “Napoleonic” dreams?

3.What, according to Tolstoy, is the main, fundamental idea of ​​his novel?

Questions for the participant on the red carpet

1. Let's remember the beginning of the novel again. Prince Andrei appears in Anna Pavlovna's salon and, without knowing him yet, we can already say something important about him. What exactly?

2.What do you see as Pierre’s kindness?

The final

- “Prologue” for finalists

- Speech Competition . Subject - What, according to Tolstoy, is “real life"

Word to the Areopagus

(track selection)

Questions for the participant on the green path

1. What is the meaning of the comparison in the novel of two types of Russian peasantry - Tikhon Shcherbaty and Platon Karataev?

2. Why does Tolstoy use landscape when creating images of heroes?

3.Why is the war between Russia and Napoleonic France in 1812 called the Patriotic War?

4.Why are Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov friends?

Questions for the participant on the yellow carpet

1. How is Prince Andrei perceived by Napoleon at the beginning of the novel and after the prince is wounded?

2. Why did Tolstoy make Natasha and Marya Bolkonskaya friends at the end of the novel?

3.What attracts readers to Andrei Bolkonsky?

Questions for the participant on the red carpet

1.What moral criterion does the author use to evaluate his characters?

2.What makes Tolstoy’s favorite heroes beautiful?

Summing up the game. Winner's reward ceremony

Evening in A. Scherer's salon. Petersburg. July 1805. Meet the characters of the novel.
The purpose of the lessons: to show the tearing off of all and every mask from high society society; reveal the conflict between Bolkonsky and Bezukhov with this society; analyze scenes from the life of Moscow high society.
During the classes
1. Conversation with students.
- Tell us what you remember about Tolstoy?
- What interesting things did the writer bring out of people’s lives? (Live life, living thought)
- Having already read several chapters of the work, tell me, what questions and topics will we focus on? (The theme of family, the theme of war, human self-improvement)

2.Survey and test of knowledge of the text Vol.1. 1 part.
- Name the main events in this part.

What did Marya Dmitrievna give to Natasha Rostova for her birthday? (Yakhont earrings with pears).

Which adult did Natasha dance with at her birthday party? (With Pierre)

From whom did M. Bolkonskaya first learn about Anatoly Kuragin’s upcoming matchmaking with her? (from a letter from Julie)

3. Watching a fragment of the film. Episode discussion. Evening in the salon of A. Scherer (1 volume, 1 hour, 1-6 chapters)
- Which characters and in what order does Tolstoy introduce the reader in the first chapters of the novel?
- Watch how the author tears off the masks from his heroes.
The action begins in July 1805 in the Scherer salon. These scenes introduce us to representatives of the court aristocratic environment: maid of honor Sherer, minister Prince Vasily Kuragin, his children - the inconsolable beauty Helen, the “restless fool” Anatole and the “calm fool” Ippolit, Princess Lisa Bolkonskaya and others.
The negative attitude towards Tolstoy’s heroes was manifested in the fact that the author shows how false everything about them is, it does not come from a pure heart, but from the need to maintain decency. Tolstoy denies the norms of life of high society; behind grace and secular tact lies emptiness, selfishness, greed, and falsehood. Read from the text.
- Vasily Kuragin’s goal? (Find out about the possible appointment of your son to a profitable position)
- Anna Mikhailovna’s goal? (Is the same)
- The Viscount's goal? (Profitable acquaintances in Russian court circles)
- Ippolit's goal? (Care for Lisa)
- Lisa's goal? (Find out about your husband's progress in his court career)
- Anna Pavlovna’s goal? (Intrigue, demonstration of one’s closeness to the court)
So, the flower of St. Petersburg society represents some kind of springboard for military operations and intrigue. To rise in the court world, you need to drown and overtake others. These are people of war. Their world is not peace, it is war. Against the backdrop of their own intrigues and military actions, Scherer’s guests discuss the wars of states and sovereigns. To add a fashionable gloss to intelligent conversations in the spinning workshop, Abbot Moriot was invited, whose prototype was the famous Italian abbot, the author of the project of eternal peace. This project provides for the “balance” of political forces in Europe. So, at the center of the episode are three key concepts: “peace”, “war”, “balance”.
From Bolkonsky Pierre goes to Kuragin and Dolokhov, the celebrities of St. Petersburg revelers. This is also a world similar to war: duels, cheating, drunkenness, debauchery. The balance that Dolokhov maintains while drinking a bottle of rum, and indeed his entire bet with the Englishman, parodies the political balance proposed by the Abbé Moriot. Dolokhov has no such intentions, but Tolstoy hints to us about this. And Andrei’s first conversation with Pierre already contains the idea of ​​universal peace, based not on a chimerical “political balance”, but on human beliefs. “If everyone fought only according to their convictions, there would be no war,” says Andrei. “That would be great,” Pierre replies.
- Is Pierre right that political balance will not yield anything?
It is necessary to internally convince people that wars are not permissible, that is, following the commandment “Thou shalt not kill.”
- Tolstoy’s work offers a kind of project for universal peace. If you were asked to write a blueprint for global peace, what would you include?
By reading the novel, we not only become familiar with art, but also become familiar with the greatest teaching of how to unite people and get rid of wars and hostility. The first point in this project was love, even love for enemies, which opened a new era in the moral development of mankind. Tolstoy began to write a novel because he wanted to apply moral principles to an acute crisis situation, and not in the life of one person, but in the life of an entire people.

What does it mean to mention that Lisa interrupts her work, and then breaks the thread, as Ippolit takes the needle from her. What does the comparison with a spinning workshop mean?
This means one thing: that both she and Andrei will soon die. The motif of embroidery, spinning, and knitting is one of the main motifs of the novel; it is associated with both the interruption and continuation of life. So, before the death of Lisa and the birth of Nikolenka, as well as the return of Andrei, the old nanny in Bald Mountains is engaged in knitting. Before his death, Andrei will remember the saving power of knitting and ask Natasha to learn to knit. Natasha will drop the ball. This foreshadows Andrey's death. Trying to pick up the ball, Natasha closes the candle. A dying candle is a broken thread. Like Lisa, who once broke the thread, Natasha lets go of the thread of Prince Andrei’s fate.
So, the idea of ​​the world in Tolstoy’s book is associated with the motif of a thread, a web. The idea of ​​Rock, personifying an inexorable fate, is also connected through the motif of knitting, sewing, and weaving.

4. Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky (chapters 1-6).
Pierre's smart and timid, observant and natural gaze, a grimace of boredom on the prince's handsome face. Already from the portraits it is clear that they are strangers here. From the very beginning, the conflict between these heroes and the aristocratic environment is felt. Pierre is a stranger to these people. But for Andrey they are strangers.
Pay attention to the portraits:
- the naturalness of the first acquaintance with the hero through his appearance, as happens in life;
- deep psychological content of the portrait, expression through it of changes in feelings and moods;
- highlighting 1-2 permanent signs (the bright expression of Prince Vasily’s flat face; Scherer’s glued smile; Pierre’s smart and timid look).

Work in a notebook.
Compiling a table “The spiritual path of Andrei and Pierre’s quest” (see table)

For what purpose does Tolstoy introduce French into the novel?
This is the norm of a secular society. Tolstoy emphasizes the characters’ ignorance of their native language and their separation from the people. Although he knows French perfectly, the author gives Pierre’s words only in Russian, except in 2 cases. Where there is a foreign language, there is a lie.
5. Standards of life for young representatives of high society.
-What role do these scenes play in the novel?
These scenes reveal new aspects of the life of the aristocracy.
- What other scenes tell us about the life of the aristocracy?
The story of the struggle for inheritance. Vasily's greed and greed. The good manners and restraint of the eldest princess turns into rudeness and anger when she finds out that the inheritance was not hers... Here is the masked self-interest of Anna Mikhailovna and the prudence of Boris.

6. Name day at the Rostovs (1 volume, 1 part 7.. chapter)
- Reception of the hosts. The nature of their conversation.
- Arrival of youth. Her interests and behavior.
- Dinner environment. Attitudes towards war between guests and hosts.
- Entertainment and customs of the Rostovs.
- What is common and different in the behavior of guests and hosts at name days and in the salon?
The world of the Rostovs is a world where simplicity, naturalness, purity, and cordiality are affirmed. Joyful character of the holiday. The Rostovs' jokes are pure, touchingly naive. The quarrel and reconciliation of Nikolai with Sonya, the meeting at the tub of Natasha and Boris, the conversation with Vera gives an idea of ​​​​the interests of young people. Compare the entertainment of Dolokhov's company.
At the Rostovs' table they talk about the same things: about war, about politics, but in a different tone.
The Rostovs are characterized by naturalness: dancing, songs, jokes. Simplicity and cordiality, natural behavior, cordiality, mutual love in the family, nobility and sensitivity. There is an atmosphere of fun, joy, happiness, and sincere concern for the fate of the Motherland. These are people of the same class, but of a different breed.

7.Bolkonsky. Bald Mountains. (22-25)
Common features with the Rostovs: mutual love, deep cordiality, natural behavior, great closeness to the people. It is distinguished by deep thought, high intelligence of all family members, and pride.
Conclusion: The first part plays the role of exposition. Tolstoy introduces us to the main characters and the setting.

Homework.
Reading parts 2-3.
Inspection of the regiment before the campaign (2 hours 1-2 chapters); Nikolai Rostov (2 hours 4, 8.15 chapters); depiction of the heroism of Timokhin and Tushin (chapter 20-21 2 hours); Zherkov’s cowardice and Dolokhov’s ostentatious courage; generals; Battle of Austerlitz (part 3, chapters 12-13).