Dedication to one genius. Salvador Dali: the best works of the artist Dali associated sex with rotting

Great and extraordinary man Salvador Dali was born in Spain in the city of Figueres in 1904 on May 11. His parents were very different. My mother believed in God, but my father, on the contrary, was an atheist. Salvador Dali's father's name was also Salvador. Many people believe that Dali was named after his father, but this is not entirely true. Although father and son had the same names, the younger Salvador Dali was named in memory of his brother, who died before he was two years old. This worried the future artist, as he felt like a double, some kind of echo of the past. Salvador had a sister who was born in 1908.

The childhood of Salvador Dali

In 1921, Salvador Dali went to Madrid and entered the Academy of Fine Arts there. He didn't like studying. He believed that he himself could teach his teachers the art of drawing. He stayed in Madrid only because he was interested in communicating with his comrades. There he met Federico García Lorca and Luis Buñuel.

Studying at the Academy

In 1924, Dali was expelled from the academy for misbehavior. Returning there a year later, he was again expelled in 1926 without the right to reinstatement. The incident that led to this situation was simply amazing. During one of the exams, the academy professor asked to name the 3 greatest artists in the world. Dali replied that he would not answer questions of this kind, because not a single teacher from the academy had the right to be his judge. Dali was too contemptuous of teachers.

And by this time, Salvador Dali already had his own exhibition, which he visited himself. This was the catalyst for the artists to meet.

Salvador Dali's close relationship with Buñuel resulted in a film called “Un Chien Andalou,” which had a surrealistic slant. In 1929, Dali officially became a surrealist.

How Dali found his muse

In 1929, Dali found his muse. She became Gala Eluard. It is she who is depicted in many paintings by Salvador Dali. A serious passion arose between them, and Gala left her husband to be with Dali. At the time of meeting his beloved, Dali lived in Cadaqués, where he bought himself a hut without any special amenities. With the help of Gala Dali, it was possible to organize several excellent exhibitions, which took place in cities such as Barcelona, ​​London, and New York.

In 1936, a very tragicomic moment happened. At one of his exhibitions in London Dali decided to give a lecture in a diver's suit. Soon he began to choke. Actively gesturing with his hands, he asked to take off his helmet. The public took it as a joke, and everything worked out.

By 1937, when Dali had already visited Italy, the style of his work had changed significantly. The works of the Renaissance masters were too strongly influenced. Dali was expelled from the surrealist society.

During World War II, Dali went to the United States, where he was recognized, and quickly achieved success. In 1941, the US Museum of Modern Art opened its doors for his personal exhibition. Having written his autobiography in 1942, Dali felt that he was truly famous, as the book sold out very quickly. In 1946, Dali collaborated with Alfred Hitchcock. Of course, looking at the success of his former comrade, Andre Breton could not miss the chance to write an article in which he humiliated Dali - “Salvador Dali - Avida Dollars” (“Rowing Dollars”).

In 1948, Salvador Dali returned to Europe and settled in Port Lligat, traveling from there to Paris and then back to New York.

Dali was a very famous person. He did almost everything and was successful. It is impossible to count all his exhibitions, but the most memorable is the exhibition at the Tate Gallery, which was visited by about 250 million people, which cannot fail to impress.

Salvador Dali died in 1989 on January 23 after the death of Gala, who died in 1982.

On May 11, 1904 at 8:45 a.m. in Spain, in Catalonia (northeast Spain), Figueres, little Dali was born. Full name: Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali y Domenech. His parents are Don Salvador Dali y Cusi and Dona Felipa Domenech. Salvador means "Savior" in Spanish. They named Salvador after his deceased brother. He died of meningitis a year before Dali was born in 1903. Dali also had a younger sister, Anna-Maria, who in the future would be the image of many of his paintings. Little Dali's parents raised him differently. Since since childhood he had been distinguished by his impulsive and eccentric character, his father was literally infuriated by his antics. Mom, on the contrary, allowed him absolutely everything.

I'm pi He got into bed almost until he was eight years old - just for his own pleasure. In the house I reigned and commanded. Nothing was impossible for me. My father and mother didn’t pray for me (The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, as told by himself)

Dali's desire for creativity manifested itself from early childhood. At the age of 4, he began to draw with a zeal unprecedented for a child. At the age of six, Dali was attracted to the image of Napoleon and identifying himself with him, he felt the need for power. Having put on the king's fancy dress, he took great pleasure in his appearance. Well, he painted his first picture when he was 10 years old. It was a small landscape in an impressionist style, painted with oil paints on a wooden board. Then Salvador began taking drawing lessons from Professor Joao Nunez. Thus, at the age of 14, one could confidently see the talent of Salvador Dali incarnate.

When he was almost 15 years old, Dali was expelled from the monastic school for bad behavior. But this was not a failure for him; he passed his exams with flying colors and entered college. In Spain, schools of secondary education were called institutes. And in 1921 he graduated from the institute with excellent grades.
Afterwards he entered the Madrid Academy of Art. When Dali was 16 years old, he began to get involved along with painting and literature, and began to write. He publishes his essays in the self-made publication “Studio”. And in general he leads a fairly active life. Managed to serve a day in prison for participating in student unrest.

Salvador Dali dreamed of creating his own style in painting. In the early 20s he admired the work of the futurists. At the same time, he made acquaintances with famous poets of that time (Garcia Lorca, Luis Bonuel). The relationship between Dali and Lorca was very close. In 1926, Lorca's poem "Ode to Salvador Dalí" was published, and in 1927, Dalí designed the sets and costumes for the production of Lorca's "Mariana Pineda".
In 1921, Dali's mother dies. The father later marries another woman. For Dali, this looks like a betrayal. Later in his works he portrays the image of a father who wants to destroy his son. This event left its mark on the artist’s work.

In 1923, Dali became very interested in the works of Pablo Picasso. At the same time, problems began at the academy. He was suspended for a year for disciplinary violations.

In 1925, Dali held his first personal exhibition at the Dalmau Gallery. He presented 27 paintings and 5 drawings.

In 1926, Dali completely stopped making efforts to study, because... disappointed in school. And they kicked him out after the incident. He did not agree with the teachers’ decision regarding one of the painting teachers, then stood up and left the hall. A brawl immediately broke out in the hall. Of course, Dali was considered guilty, although he did not even know about what had happened, and in the end he ends up in prison, although not for long. But he soon returned to the academy. Ultimately, his behavior led to his expulsion from the academy for his refusal to take an oral examination. As soon as he learns that his last question is a question about Raphael, Dali declared: “... I do not know less than three professors combined, and I refuse to answer them because I am better informed on this matter.”

In 1927, Dali traveled to Italy to become familiar with Renaissance painting. While he was not yet part of the surrealist group led by Andre Breton and Max Ernst, he later joined them in 1929. Breton deeply studied the works of Freud. He said that by discovering unexpressed thoughts and desires hidden in the subconscious, surrealism could create a new way of life and a way of perceiving it.

In 1928, he left for Paris to find himself.

At the beginning of 1929, Dali tried himself as a director. The first film based on his script by Luis Bonuel was released. The film was called "Un Chien Andalou". Surprisingly, the film script was written in 6 days! The premiere was a sensation, as the film itself was very extravagant. Considered a classic of surrealism. Consisted of a set of frames and scenes. It was a small short film, designed to touch the heart of the bourgeoisie and ridicule the principles of the avant-garde.

Before 1929, Dali had nothing bright or significant in his personal life. Of course, he walked around, had numerous relationships with girls, but they never went far. And just in 1929, Dali truly fell in love. HER name was Elena Dyakonova or Gala. Russian by origin, she was 10 years older than him. She was married to the writer Paul Eluard, but their relationship was already falling apart. Her fleeting movements, gestures, her expressiveness are like the second New Symphony: they reveal the architectonic contours of a perfect soul, crystallizing in the grace of the body itself, in the aroma of the skin, in the sparkling sea foam of her life. Expressing an exquisite breath of feelings, plasticity and expressiveness materialize in impeccable architecture made of flesh and blood . (The Secret Life of Salvador Dali)

They met when Dali returned to Cadaques to work on an exhibition of his paintings. Among the guests of the exhibition was Paul Eluard and his then wife Gala. Gala became Dali's inspiration in many of his works. He painted all kinds of portraits of her, as well as various images based on their relationship and passion." First kiss, - Dali wrote later, - when our teeth collided and our tongues intertwined, was only the beginning of that hunger that made us bite and gnaw each other to the very essence of our being." Such images often appeared in Dali's subsequent works: chops on a human body, fried eggs, cannibalism - all these images evoke the frantic sexual liberation of a young man.

Dali wrote in an absolutely unique style. It seems that he drew images known to everyone: animals, objects. But he arranged them and connected them in a completely unimaginable way. Could connect the torso of a woman with a rhinoceros, for example, or a melted watch. Dali himself would call this the “paranoid-critical method.”

1929 Dali had his first personal exhibition in Paris at the Geman Gallery, after which he began his path to the pinnacle of fame.

In 1930, Dali's paintings began to bring him fame. His work was influenced by the works of Freud. In his paintings he reflected human sexual experiences, as well as destruction and death. His masterpieces such as “The Persistence of Memory” were created. Dali also creates numerous models from various objects.

In 1932, the second film based on Dali’s script, “The Golden Age,” premiered in London.

Gala divorces her husband in 1934 and marries Dali. This woman was Dali’s muse and deity throughout his life.

Between 1936 and 1937, Dali worked on one of his most famous paintings, “Metamorphoses of Narcissus,” and a book of the same name immediately appeared.
In 1939, Dali had a serious quarrel with his father. The father was dissatisfied with his son’s relationship with Gala and forbade Dali to appear in the house.

After the occupation in 1940, Dalí moved from France to the USA to California. There he opens his workshop. There he wrote his most famous book, “The Secret Life of Salvador Dali.” After his marriage to Gala, Dali left the surrealist group because... His and the group's views begin to diverge. “I don’t care at all about the gossip that Andre Breton might spread about me, he simply doesn’t want to forgive me for the fact that I remain the last and only surrealist, but it is still necessary that one fine day the whole world will read these lines , found out how everything really happened." ("The Diary of a Genius").

In 1948, Dali returned to his homeland. Begins to get involved in religious and fantastic themes.

In 1953, a large-scale exhibition took place in Rome. He exhibits 24 paintings, 27 drawings, 102 watercolors.

In 1956, Dali began a period when the inspiration for his second work was the idea of ​​the Angel. For him, God is an elusive concept that cannot be specified in any way. God for him is not a cosmic concept either, because this would impose certain restrictions on him. Dali sees God as a collection of contradictory thoughts that cannot be reduced to any structured idea. But Dali really believed in the existence of angels. He spoke about this this way: “Whatever dreams fall to my lot, they are capable of giving me pleasure only if they have complete authenticity. Therefore, if I already experience such pleasure when angelic images approach, then I have every reason believe that angels really exist."

Meanwhile, in 1959, since his father no longer wanted to let Dali in, he and Gala settled down to live in Port Lligat. Dali's paintings were already extremely popular, sold for a lot of money, and he himself was famous. He often communicates with William Tell. Under the influence, he creates such works as “The Riddle of William Tell” and “William Tell”.

Basically, Dali worked on several topics: the paranoid-critical method, the Freudian-sexual theme, the theory of modern physics and sometimes religious motives.

In the 60s, the relationship between Gala and Dali began to crack. Gala asked to buy another house in order to move out. After that, their relationship was only the remnants of a past bright life, but the image of Gala never left Dali and continued to be an inspiration.
In 1973, the Dali Museum opened in Figueras, incredible in its content. Until now, he amazes viewers with his surreal appearance.
In 1980, Dali began to have health problems. The death of Franco, head of state of Spain, shocked and frightened Dalí. Doctors suspect he has Parkinson's disease. Dali's father died from this disease.

In 1982, Gala died on June 10. For Dali, this was a terrible blow. He did not participate in the funeral. They say that Dali entered the crypt only a few hours later. “Look, I’m not crying,” was all he said. The death of Gala for Dali was a huge blow in his life. What the artist lost with Gala’s departure was known only to him. He walked alone through the rooms of their house, saying something about happiness and the beauty of Gala. He stopped drawing and sat for hours in the dining room, where all the shutters were closed.
The last work, “Swallowtail,” was completed in 1983.

In 1983, Dali’s health seemed to improve, and he began to go out for walks. But these changes were short-lived.

On August 30, 1984, there was a fire in Dali’s house. The burns on his body covered 18% of the skin surface.
By February 1985, Dali’s health was improving again and he even gave an interview to the newspaper.
But in November 1988, Dali was admitted to the hospital. The diagnosis is heart failure. On January 23, 1989, Salvador Dali passed away. He was 84 years old.

At his request, the body was embalmed and was kept in his museum for a week. Dali was buried in the very center of his own museum under a simple slab without inscriptions. The life of Salvador Dali has always been bright and eventful; throughout his life he was distinguished by his extraordinary and extravagant behavior. He changed unusual suits, the style of his mustache, and constantly praised his talent in the books he wrote ("The Diary of a Genius", "Dali by Dali", "The Golden Book of Dali", "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali"). There was such a case when in 1936 he lectured at the London Group Rooms. It was held as part of the International Surrealist Exhibition. Dali appeared in a deep-sea diver costume.

“Drawing is the honesty of art. The possibility of deception is excluded: either it is “good” or “bad”. .

Salvador Felipe Jacinto dali Domenech Marquis Pubol(May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989), popularly known as Salvador Dali, was born in Figueras (Spain) and became one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.

His image in art is a bright character. Every second of his life was dedicated to attracting attention. Any of his works is an explosion of delight and indignation in society. Dali was known as a Surrealist, although much of his work is fundamentally different from most Surrealist artists. This fact allowed Dali without reason to proclaim “Surrealism is Me,” which became a step for raising surrealism to new heights.

Salvador Dali was a unique artist. Surreal paintings of Salvador and eccentric behavior gave Dali incredibly highly skilled in a variety of other disciplines. His art ranged from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, from realism to surrealism, from chaos to harmony. Dali was a versatile artist whose art is rich in symbols, many of which were understood only by Salvador and suit his sublime style. To understand Dali as an artist, you need to see more than one piece of his work. Dali never limited himself to painting alone. His demonstrated talent in sculpture and painting shows another side of his creative life, as an excellent director, screenwriter and actor.

Every work of art Dali, it's a way to tell a different story, and reveal a different side of yourself. Dali believed that life itself is a work of art, namely a work that needs to be mastered and conquered every day. For Salvador Dali this was of great importance, which he manifested in artistic form - from the primitive to the extraordinary artistic flourishing of Salvador in everything.

Having created his own paranoid-critical method, Dali was able to transform the pure image of ideas into an environment of unconscious, irrational and impulsive chaos. He described it as "a spontaneous method of irrational knowledge based on the critical and systematic objectivity of associations and interpretations of phenomena in delirium." Thanks to his paranoid-critical method Dali The whole world opened up with an infinite number of possibilities.

Paintings by Salvador Dali, undoubtedly brought him the greatest fame. With his eccentric character and unstoppable energy, small Dali irritated loved ones, and sometimes made them angry. Frequent whims and hysterics brought my father Dali furious, but the mother, going against her husband, forgave her son all his antics, even the most intolerable and disgusting, and tried in every possible way to please her beloved son. As a result, the father became a kind of embodiment of evil, and the mother, on the contrary, became a symbol of good.

Already at the age of ten years young Salvador Dali drew his first drawing "" (1914), although his attempts at drawing began when he was six years old. This small landscape in the impressionist style was painted by him with oil paints on a wooden board. Already at 14 years old Dali were without a doubt the greatest abilities of a draftsman. An early painting of a fourteen-year-old Dali « Boat "El Son""(1919) attracts the eye with its quirkiness. The image is like a picture from a cartoon. A man swims on the sea, holding an oar in his hand. The sail on the boat looks like a huge white fish that moves rapidly through the water. The drawing looks exactly like it does in the comics. This is a very original portrait, where some nautical themes are visible. Dali, which have a repeat in his career.

In November 1925, the first personal exhibition of works took place Salvador Dali in the Dalmau Gallery, where 27 paintings and 5 drawings of the great budding genius were presented. The school of painting in which he studied gradually disappointed him, and in 1926 Dali was expelled from the academy for his freethinking.

The desire to capture the world and improve its forms in early works Dali, had a profound influence on realism. He soon came under the influence of new trends in developing art - Dada and Cubism. At this time, his paintings "" (1922) and "" (1927) make it clear that these are his experiments of Cubism with expressionism. Even then, he still remained true to his early pressing technical connection. " Basket with bread"(1926) - a wonderful example of real feelings and abilities Dali. Here it is clear that the artist was not too far from his realistic roots, even when he was close to Surrealism. Having fallen under the spell of this trend, his life changed forever.

Having gone through all these stages of the creative endeavor of studying painting, Dali has impeccable technique. This is especially evident in his surreal painting "" (1931). “” like a shock wave passed through the entire territory of the artistic community. With this job Dali not only declared himself a faithful Surrealist, but he also declared himself one of the contemporaries of art of great magnitude.

The picture gives a feeling of peace. The melting clock becomes inexplicably soft in this harsh and endless space of sleep, while the hard metal attracts ants like sugar. Here time loses all meaning. The mutated creature depicted in the center of the picture seems familiar and at the same time alien. Long sexy eyelashes seem to disturb insects. Imagination Dali, his expressed inner world in the picture, captivates the viewer with crazy fantasies. “The difference between a crazy person and me,” said Salvador, “is that I’m not crazy.” The painting especially shocks the world with its unforgettable images of melted watches.

Drawings and paintings Salvador Dali are exhibited in the world's most prestigious museums, and some of the best works are in private art collections. In his books " The Secret Life of Salvador Dali" And " Diary of a Genius"expresses the secret thoughts and ideas of the artist’s consciousness. He didn't just draw for his books. A brilliant example of this is the illustration for the play “ Macbeth» Shakespeare. Incredibly detailed work of art with monstrously abstruse illustrations of large caliber.

Entire life Dali was unique, especially unique was his union with Elena Dyakonova, the ex-wife of Paul Eluard and the mistress of Max Ernst. This couple felt and understood each other. For Salvador Dali Gala became not only his wife, but also his favorite model and the divine muse of his inspiration. Gala lived only the life of Salvador, and Salvador admired her.

By 1959 Dali won the title of great artist. His paintings were worth a huge fortune. His fans and lovers of luxury purchased masterpieces for crazy money. Have paintings in your collection Dali was considered a great luxury. While Dali and Gala were able to truly transform their modest shack in Port Lligat, purchased in 1930 from local fishermen, into a cozy home.

At the end of the 60s, a vibrant and passionate relationship between Dali and Galoy fade away. Dali Gala buys her own castle. After breaking up with Gala, Dali never stopped creating.

There is something honest in his rough works, unlike painting and graphics. They cannot hide mistakes, but they also do not have many shortcomings. Drawing drawings Dali have still retained the highest level of draftsman's technique. For example, in " Portrait of Mrs. Jack Warner" and in " portrait of Colonel Jack Warner» gentle movements of lines and compositions are visible. These are preliminary ideas for work. Here he sketched handwritten notes of his thoughts at the time of creating the drawings.

The drawings look more like works of art than drafts. Dali was such a genius that if by a lucky chance you managed to get his autograph, you could say you received a work of art. Dali was a famous artist of his autographs. He wanted to be admired, to leave behind something stylish and of high quality.

Dali once said: “Drawing is the honesty of art. The possibility of deception is excluded: either it is “good” or “bad”. Dali believed that a real artist should not only be able to draw, but draw well. True talent lies in how well an artist is able to express their thoughts and feelings to the world. Dali worked endless hours with a pencil sketch, only to soon move on to brush strokes, creating future masterpieces.

Currently drawings Salvador Dali are of enormous value on world art markets, auctions and exhibitions. Many of his drawings cost more than one thousand dollars. Typically, these are drawings of his research, his initial plans for future works.

Despite his artistic talent, Dali created an extensive collection of sculptures. Some of the larger ones he created stand around the world in places like London (at the foot of the famous London eye), Singapore, and throughout France. Perhaps his most famous surreal sculpture " Lobster phone", created by him in 1936 together with the surrealist artist Edward James. Among the sculptor Dali worked most of his life, thereby trying to bring his ideas to the third dimension, and give his paintings more life.

Date of birth: May 11, 1904.
Date of death: January 23, 1989.
Full name: Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali and Domenech, Marquis de Pubol (Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali "i Dome`nech, Marque"s de Pu"bol).
Spanish artist, painter, sculptor, director.

“The difference between the surrealists and me is that the surrealist is me,” Salvador Dali.

“I’m walking, and scandals are following me in a crowd”

Nothing foreshadowed that the wealthy family of the notary Don Salvador Dali y Cusi would give birth to a child who would later turn classical concepts of drawing methods on their head, the greatest genius of the era of surrealism. But it happened - a boy was born, who was named Salvador Dali. This event took place near Barcelona in the Spanish town of Figueres in 1904.

At the age of 12, Dali graduated from art school. Having persuaded his parents, at the age of 17 he entered the Madrid Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. He was “asked out” in 1926 for his inappropriate attitude towards the academic council and teachers. But by that time his exhibition had already taken place in Barcelona, ​​and the artist’s works attracted close attention in artistic circles. In Paris, where Jean-Leon Jerome himself once worked, he meets Picasso, who had a huge influence on his work. Dali would pay tribute to his newfound friend with the painting “Flesh on the Stones” (1926).

The influence of Cubism is visible in the works of that period - “Young Women” (1923). An example of a completely different style was a painting painted in 1928 and exhibited at the Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh - “Basket of Bread” (1925).

Like all artists of that time, Dali worked in a wide variety of fashionable styles. In the works of the period from 1914 to 1927, the influence of Vermeer, Rembrandt, Cezanne, and Caravaggio is visible. But gradually notes of surrealism begin to appear in the paintings.

"Surrealism is me"

Salvador Dali began to realize that the era of cubism was behind him, and, working in the classical style, he would get lost among other artists like himself. Therefore, he chose the most optimal path to realize his talent and ambition. The theory of surrealism corresponded very well to this. The first paintings in this style: “Venus and the Sailor” (1925), “Flying Woman”, “Honey is Sweeter than Blood” (1941), etc.

The year 1929 was a turning point for Salvador Dali - two events happened that radically influenced his life and work:

Firstly, the artist met with Gala Eluard, who later became his assistant, lover, muse, and wife. Since then they have not parted, despite the fact that the woman at that time was married to his friend Paul Eluard. From the very beginning of their acquaintance, Gala became a salvation for the artist from a mental crisis. Dali once said: “I love Gala more than my mother, more than my father, more than Picasso and even more than money.” The artist created a magnificent cult of Gala, which has since appeared in many of his works, including in divine guise.

Secondly, Dali officially joined the Parisian surrealist movement. And in 1929, his exhibition took place at the Hermann Gallery in Paris, after which fame came to the artist.

In the same year, Salvador Dali and his friend Luis Buñuel created the script for the film “Un Chien Andalou.” It was Dali who came up with the most shocking scene known to this day, where a human eye is cut in half by a razor.

Dali's father, angered by his connection with Gala, forbade his son to appear in his house. The artist worked hard to earn some money. It was at this time that the painting “The Persistence of Memory” was created, which became a symbol of the concept of the relativity of time.

Although the artist often expressed the idea that events in the world worried him little, he was still very worried about the fate of Spain. The result was the painting “Pliable Structure with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)” (1935).

In 1940, while in America, the master wrote his best book, “The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, Written by Himself.” The artist’s ability to work is amazing, he can work as a painter, decorator, jeweler, portrait painter, illustrator, making sets for Alfred Hitchcock’s films, for example, “Spellbound” 1945. After the explosion over Hiroshima in 1945. Dali expresses his attitude to this with the painting “Splitting the Atom.”

In 1965, the artist met Amanda Lear, their strange relationship would last more than 20 years. She will tell her story many years later in the book “Dali Through the Eyes of Amanda.”

Beginning in 1970, Salvador Dali's health began to rapidly deteriorate, but his creative energy did not decrease. At this time, the painting “The Hallucinogenic Torrero” (1968-1970) was created. Dali's popularity was crazy. He painted pictures based on many masterpieces of world literature: the Bible, Dante's Divine Comedy, Ovid's The Art of Love, Freud's God and Monotheism.

“My whole life has been theater”

In 1961 The mayor of Figueres asked the artist to present a painting to Dali’s hometown. The master decided to develop the idea in 1974. He erected his own museum on the site of the ancient city theater. A giant spherical dome was raised above the stage, and the auditorium itself was divided into sectors, each of which represents a certain era in Dali’s work. Intricate interior spaces, nested floors, a courtyard with cultured areas where the visitor's head will spin - all this serves as a symbol of the artist's creativity and invariably attracts tourists from all over the world.

After Gala's death in 1982, the artist's health deteriorated, and he threw himself into his work. Dali paints paintings inspired by the heads of Moses and Adam, Giuliano de' Medici. The last work, “Swallowtail,” was completed in 1983, and in 1989, at the age of 84, the artist died of a heart attack. “My whole life has been a theater,” and during his lifetime he bequeathed to bury himself so that people could walk on his grave. His body is walled up in the floor of his museum-theater.

Salvador Dali, like a magician, juggled images in his paintings. His works amazed his contemporaries with the realism of fictitious images and plots; they were made in his characteristic grotesque manner: “Soft Hours”, “Burning Giraffe”, “A Dream Inspired by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate, a Moment Before Awakening”, “The Last Supper”. His works are controversial, and his artistic heritage is sold at auction with very controversial bids.

Dali created a myth about himself with his own hands; his image with a mustache a la Baron Munchausen is recognizable all over the world. Much is known about him, but even more will never be known.

Salvador Domenech Felip Jacinth Dali and Domenech, Marquis de Pubol (1904 - 1989) - Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director, writer. One of the most famous representatives of surrealism.

BIOGRAPHY OF SALVADOR DALI

Salvador Dali was born in the town of Figueres in Catalonia, in the family of a lawyer. His creative abilities manifested themselves in early childhood. At the age of seventeen he was admitted to the Madrid Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, where fate happily brought him together with G. Lorca, L. Buñuel, R. Alberti. While studying at the academy, Dali enthusiastically and obsessively studied the works of the old masters, the masterpieces of Velazquez, Zurbaran, El Greco, and Goya. He is influenced by the cubist paintings of H. Gris, the metaphysical painting of the Italians, and is seriously interested in the legacy of I. Bosch.

Studying at the Madrid Academy from 1921 to 1925 was for the artist a time of persistent comprehension of professional culture, the beginning of a creative understanding of the traditions of masters of past eras and the discoveries of his older contemporaries.

During his first trip to Paris in 1926, he met P. Picasso. Impressed by the meeting, which changed the direction of the search for his own artistic language, corresponding to his worldview, Dali creates his first surreal work, “The Splendor of the Hand.” However, Paris inexorably attracts him, and in 1929 he makes a second trip to France. There he enters the circle of Parisian surrealists and gets the opportunity to see their personal exhibitions.

At the same time, together with Buñuel, Dali made two films that have already become classics - “Un Chien Andalou” and “The Golden Age”. His role in the creation of these works is not the main one, but he is always mentioned second, as a screenwriter and at the same time an actor.

In October 1929 he married Gala. Russian by birth, aristocrat Elena Dmitrievna Dyakonova occupied the most important place in the life and work of the artist. The appearance of Gala gave his art a new meaning. In the master’s book “Dali by Dali” he gives the following periodization of his work: “Dali – Planetary, Dali – Molecular, Dali – Monarchical, Dali – Hallucinogenic, Dali – Future”! Of course, it is difficult to fit the work of this great improviser and mystifier into such a narrow framework. He himself admitted: “I don’t know when I start pretending or telling the truth.”

THE WORK OF SALVADOR DALI

Around 1923, Dalí began his experiments with Cubism, often even locking himself in his room to paint. In 1925, Dali painted another painting in the style of Picasso: Venus and the Sailor. She was one of the seventeen paintings exhibited at Dali’s first personal exhibition. The second exhibition of Dali's works, held in Barcelona at the Delmo Gallery at the end of 1926, was greeted with even greater enthusiasm than the first.

Venus and the Sailor The Great Masturbator Metamorphoses of Narcissus The Riddle of William Tell

In 1929, Dali painted The Great Masturbator, one of the most significant works of that period. It shows a large, wax-like head with dark red cheeks and half-closed eyes with very long eyelashes. A huge nose rests on the ground, and instead of a mouth there is a rotting grasshopper with ants crawling on it. Similar themes were typical for Dali’s works in the 1930s: he had an extraordinary weakness for images of grasshoppers, ants, telephones, keys, crutches, bread, hair. Dali himself called his technique manual photography of concrete irrationality. It was based, as he said, on associations and interpretations of unrelated phenomena. Surprisingly, the artist himself noted that he did not understand all of his images. Although Dali's work was well received by critics, who predicted a great future for him, the success did not bring immediate benefit. And Dali spent days traveling through the streets of Paris in a vain search for buyers for his original images. For example, they included a woman's shoe with large steel springs, glasses with glasses the size of a fingernail, and even a plaster head of a roaring lion with fried chips.

In 1930, Dali's paintings began to bring him fame. His work was influenced by the works of Freud. In his paintings he reflected human sexual experiences, as well as destruction and death. His masterpieces such as “Soft Hours” and “The Persistence of Memory” were created. Dali also creates numerous models from various objects.

Between 1936 and 1937, Dali worked on one of his most famous paintings, “Metamorphoses of Narcissus,” and a book of the same name immediately appeared. In 1953, a large-scale exhibition took place in Rome. He exhibits 24 paintings, 27 drawings, 102 watercolors.

Meanwhile, in 1959, since his father no longer wanted to let Dali in, he and Gala settled down to live in Port Lligat. Dali's paintings were already extremely popular, sold for a lot of money, and he himself was famous. He often communicates with William Tell. Under the influence, he creates such works as “The Riddle of William Tell” and “William Tell.”

In 1973, the Dali Museum opened in Figueras, incredible in its content. Until now, he amazes viewers with his surreal appearance.

The last work, “Swallowtail,” was completed in 1983.

Salvador Dali often went to bed with a key in his hand. Sitting on a chair, he fell asleep with a heavy key clutched between his fingers. Gradually the grip weakened, the key fell and hit a plate lying on the floor. Thoughts that arose during naps could be new ideas or solutions to complex problems.

In 1961, Salvador Dali drew the “Chupa Chups” logo for Enrique Bernat, the founder of the Spanish lollipop company, which, in a slightly modified form, is today recognizable in all corners of the planet.

In 2003, the Walt Disney Company released the animated film “Destino,” which Salvador Dahl and Walt Disney began to draw back in 1945; the picture lay in the archives for 58 years.

A crater on Mercury is named after Salvador Dali.

During his lifetime, the great artist bequeathed to be buried in such a way that people could walk on the grave, so his body was walled up in a wall at the Dali Museum in Figueres. Flash photography is not permitted in this room.

Arriving in New York in 1934, he carried a 2-meter-long loaf of bread in his hands as an accessory, and while visiting an exhibition of surrealist creativity in London, he dressed in a diver’s suit.

At different times, Dali declared himself either a monarchist, or an anarchist, or a communist, or a supporter of authoritarian power, or refused to associate himself with any political movement. After World War II and his return to Catalonia, Salvador supported Franco's authoritarian regime and even painted a portrait of his granddaughter.

Dali sent a telegram to the Romanian leader Nicolas Ceausescu, written in the manner characteristic of the artist: in words he supported the communist, but caustic irony was read between the lines. Without noticing the catch, the telegram was published in the daily newspaper Scînteia.

The now famous singer Cher and her husband Sonny Bono, while still young, attended Salvador Dali's party, which he threw at the New York Plaza Hotel. There, Cher accidentally sat on a strangely shaped sex toy placed on her chair by the host of the event.

In 2008, the film “Echoes of the Past” was made about El Salvador. The role of Dali was played by Robert Pattinson. For some time Dali worked together with Alfred Hitchcock.

In his life, Dali himself completed only one film, Impressions from Upper Mongolia (1975), in which he told the story of an expedition that went in search of huge hallucinogenic mushrooms. The video series “Impressions of Upper Mongolia” is largely based on enlarged microscopic stains of uric acid on a brass strip. As you can guess, the “author” of these spots was the maestro. Over the course of several weeks, he “painted” them on a piece of brass.

Together with Christian Dior in 1950, Dali created the “suit for 2045.”

Dali wrote the painting “The Persistence of Memory” (“Soft Hours”) under the impression of Einstein’s theory of relativity. The idea in Salvador's head took shape while he was looking at a piece of Camembert cheese one hot August day.

For the first time, the image of an elephant appears on the canvas “Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Waking Up.” In addition to elephants, Dali often used images of other representatives of the animal kingdom in his paintings: ants (symbolized death, decay and, at the same time, great sexual desire), he associated a snail with a human head (see portraits of Sigmund Freud), locusts in his work is associated with waste and a sense of fear.

The eggs in Dali’s paintings symbolize prenatal, intrauterine development; if you look deeper, we are talking about hope and love.

On December 7, 1959, the presentation of the ovocypede took place in Paris: a device that was invented by Salvador Dali and brought to life by engineer Laparra. Ovosiped is a transparent ball with a seat fixed inside for one person. This “transport” became one of the devices that Dali successfully used to shock the public with his appearance.

QUOTES GAVE

Art is a terrible disease, but it is impossible to live without it yet.

With art I straighten myself out and infect normal people.

The artist is not the one who is inspired, but the one who inspires.

Painting and Dali are not the same thing; as an artist, I do not overestimate myself. It's just that others are so bad that I turned out to be better.

I saw it and it sunk into my soul and spilled through my brush onto the canvas. This is painting. And the same thing is love.

For an artist, every touch of a brush to a canvas is a whole life drama.

My painting is life and food, flesh and blood. Don't look for any intelligence or feelings in her.

Through the centuries, Leonardo da Vinci and I stretch out our hands to each other.

I think that now we are in the Middle Ages, but someday the Renaissance will come.

I'm decadent. In art, I’m something like camembert cheese: just a little too much, and that’s it. I, the last echo of antiquity, stand on the very edge.

Landscape is a state of mind.

Painting is a hand-made color photograph of all possible, super-exquisite, unusual, super-aesthetic examples of specific irrationality.

My painting is life and food, flesh and blood. Don't look for any intelligence or feelings in her.

A work of art does not awaken any feelings in me. Looking at a masterpiece makes me ecstatic about what I can learn. It doesn’t even occur to me to be overwhelmed with emotion.

The artist thinks with drawing.

It is good taste that is sterile - for an artist there is nothing more harmful than good taste. Take the French - because of their good taste, they have become completely lazy.

Do not try to cover up your mediocrity with deliberately careless painting - it will reveal itself in the very first stroke.

First, learn to draw and write like the old masters, and only then act at your own discretion - and you will be respected.

Surrealism is not a party, not a label, but a unique state of mind, not constrained by slogans or morality. Surrealism is the complete freedom of the human being and the right to dream. I am not a surrealist, I am surrealism.

I - the highest embodiment of surrealism - follow the tradition of the Spanish mystics.

The difference between the surrealists and me is that the surrealist is me.

I am not a surrealist, I am surrealism.

BIOGRAPHY AND FILMOGRAPHY OF SALVADOR DALI

Literature

"The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, Told by Himself" (1942)

"The Diary of a Genius" (1952-1963)

Oui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution (1927-33)

"The tragic myth of Angelus Millet"

Working on films

"Andalusian dog"

"Golden age"

"Spellbound"

"Impressions from Upper Mongolia"

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