Materials in the direction of courage and cowardice. Arguments from the literature in the direction of "Courage and cowardice

Courage. What it is? I think that courage is decisiveness in thoughts and actions, the ability to stand up for yourself and for other people who need your help, overcoming all kinds of fears: for example, fear of the dark, of someone else's brute force, of life's obstacles and difficulties. Is it easy to be brave? Not easy. Probably, this quality should be brought up from childhood. Overcoming your fears, moving forward despite difficulties, developing willpower in yourself, not being afraid to defend your opinion - all this will help to cultivate in yourself such a quality as courage. Synonyms for the word "courage" - "courage", "decisiveness", "courage". Antonym - "cowardice". Cowardice is one of the human vices. We are afraid of many things in life, but fear and cowardice are not the same thing. I think that meanness grows out of cowardice. The cowardly will always hide in the shadows, stay aloof, fearing for his own life, betray in order to save himself.

The theme of courage and cowardice is also reflected in fiction, in particular in the works of the Russian writer Maxim Gorky.

“We sing glory to the madness of the brave!” - wrote M. Gorky in his "Song of the Falcon". This work is a hymn to courage, courage. In a battle with enemies, the Falcon received his mortal wounds, he bleeds. Already, for whom the main thing is to be "warm and damp", he does not understand what the sky, the battle, real life is, and not a miserable existence. And the Falcon, even in the last minutes of his life, thinks not about pain and wounds, but about a bold flight in the sky, about the battle with the enemy. Courage lives in Gorky's hero. The falcon does not want to die, lying on the stones, bleeding. On the advice of the snake, he comes to the edge of the cliff and rushes down, making his last flight. "The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life!" the author exclaims. Without people like Falcon, life would be dull and bleak.

In M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil" there is a legend about Danko. The image of his burning heart has long become a symbol of love for people, readiness to give his life for them. Danko's courage is manifested in the fact that he was not afraid to take responsibility for the lives of other people who had a choice: either die or go through a dense forest to escape. Danko stood at the head of these people. The path was difficult, many died in the forest. And when they lost faith that they would come out of the thicket, the brave Danko lit the way for them with his heart and led people to freedom. But the writer speaks not only about courage. He talks about Danko's compatriots who were afraid to die so as not to lose their traditions. I think they just got scared, they were afraid of the enemies, and who needs the traditions of cowards. After all, they did not fight for their land, but left, giving it to the enemy. Gorky calls the cautious person the one who stepped on Danko's heart so that it would not shine on people anymore. I would call such a coward. A “cautious person” is afraid of the brave, because life is easier without them.

In conclusion, I would like to say that this topic of the essay made me think about the role courage and cowardice play in our life, how to cultivate the best human qualities in ourselves, become brave and strong, not be a coward.

in the direction of "Courage and cowardice"

Subject:Can a brave person be afraid?

It is generally accepted that a brave person is not afraid of anything. But is it? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to define what courage means and what kind it is. In dictionaries, courage is a positive moral and volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger.

Indeed, courage is usually associated with walking on the edge, with the threat of life, but it can also manifest itself in everyday situations. Brave men are not only in war, we meet them everywhere. One can be called brave who is not afraid to express his opinion, who has the courage to differ from the majority, is able to perceive the new. Does courage involve fear? In my opinion, only a fool is not afraid. It is not shameful to be afraid, but only a person who overcomes fear can be called brave.

Numerous writers have addressed this topic. So, the story of E. Ilyina "The Fourth Height" is dedicated to overcoming fears. Gulya Koroleva is an example of courage in all its manifestations. Her whole life is a battle with fear, and each victory is a new height. In the work we see the life story of one person, the formation of a real personality. Every step she takes is a manifesto of determination. From the first lines of the story, little Gulya shows real courage in various life situations. Overcoming childhood fears, she takes a snake out of the box with her bare hands, sneaks into a cage with elephants in a zoo. The heroine grows, and the trials encountered in life become more serious: the first role in the cinema, the recognition of her wrong, the ability to answer for her actions. Throughout the work, he does what he is afraid of. Growing up, Gulya Koroleva marries, she has a son. It seems that all fears are defeated, you can live a quiet family life, but the biggest test awaits her ahead: the war begins, and her husband goes to the front. She is afraid for her husband, her son, the future of the country, but fear does not paralyze her, does not force her to hide. The girl goes to work as a nurse in the hospital to contribute. Unfortunately, her husband dies and Gulya has to fight alone. She goes to the front, unable to look at the horrors that happen to her loved ones. The heroine takes the "fourth height". She dies, having defeated the last fear that lives in a person, the fear of death. On the pages of the story, we see how the main character is afraid, but overcomes her phobias.

The problem of overcoming fear is also revealed in Veronica Roth's novel Divergent. Beatrice Pryor, the protagonist of the story, leaves her home, the Forsaken faction, to become Fearless. She is afraid of the reaction of her parents, she is afraid of not going through the rite of initiation, of being rejected in a new place. But her main strength lies in the fact that she challenges all her fears, looks them in the face. Tris puts herself in great danger, being in the company of the "Fearless", because she is "different", people like her are destroyed. This scares her terribly, but much more she is afraid of herself. She does not understand the nature of her difference from others, she is horrified at the thought that her very existence can be dangerous for people.

The struggle with fears is one of the key problems of the novel. So, Beatrice's beloved name is For, translated from English it means "four". That is the number of fears he needs to overcome. Tris and Four fearlessly fight for their lives, justice, peace in the city they call home. They defeat both external enemies and internal ones, which undoubtedly characterizes them as courageous people.

I would like to complete my reflections with the statement of M. Twain: “Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence.” Indeed, there is no need to be afraid of fear and associate it with cowardice, you need to fight it, overcoming not only external circumstances, but also resolving internal conflicts.

Composition "Courage and cowardice."

Each person has two sides fighting each other, this is cowardice and courage. Science has been asking this question for many years. Psychologists, philosophers and poets started talking about this several centuries ago.

I think being brave means being able to face your fears when needed. But they are inherent in every person on Earth. Courageous people have self-confidence, which is difficult even to envy. Also, people are not afraid of obstacles in their path. Even to be more precise, they bravely overcome these fears. They will surely find a way out of any situation. Such a person always, no matter what, achieves the goal that he set for himself. Brave individuals have a large supply of patience, which is also important and have great willpower.

I think it's great when a benevolent and merciful person who will use it for charitable purposes has such a quality. It will be much worse if courage is shown in a negative light. Such a manifestation can pose a threat to the man himself, who has courage. Cowardice is similar to courage in that it also has two sides of the same coin. There are favorable manifestations of this quality, but, unfortunately, there are also negative manifestations. Sometimes cowardice works reflexively as a defense when a person feels in danger. And then she saves a person from something bad. This is on the positive side. But the reverse side can be attributed to a person who cannot make decisions, constantly doubts his actions, he is afraid of difficulties. Also, people are insecure.

It seems to me that timidity is just an underdeveloped willpower. It is the inability to control yourself. Unfortunately, these people do not have goals in life, because they are afraid of difficulties, and even if they have, they give up at the first problem that arises.

People must develop mentally, learn to control their emotions and be able to pull themselves together. One must learn to overcome all obstacles and not give fear the reins of government. A brave person always counts on his own strength, and not on the help of other people, and even more so not on the will of chance.

Final essay on literature 2018. Theme of the final essay on literature. "Courage and cowardice".

FIPI comment: This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works are presented both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.

1. Courage and cowardice as abstract concepts and properties of a person (in a broad sense). Within the framework of this section, you can reflect on the following topics: Courage and cowardice as personality traits, like two sides of the same coin. Courage/cowardice as personality traits conditioned by reflexes. True and false courage/cowardice. Courage as a manifestation of excessive self-confidence. Courage and risk taking. Courage/cowardice and self-confidence. Relationship between cowardice and selfishness. The difference between rational fear and cowardice. The connection between courage and philanthropy, philanthropy, etc.

2. Courage/cowardice in minds, souls, characters. Within this section, you can reflect on the concepts: willpower, fortitude, the ability to say no, the courage to stand up for your ideals, the courage needed to defend what you believe in. And you can also talk about cowardice, as the inability to defend one's ideals and principles. Courage or cowardice in making decisions. Courage and cowardice when accepting something new. Courage and cowardice when trying to get out of the comfort zone. Courage to admit the truth or admit your mistakes. The influence of courage and cowardice on the formation of personality. Contrasting two types of people.

3. Courage/cowardice in life. Pettiness, inability to show courage in a particular life situation.

4. Courage / cowardice in war and in extreme conditions. War exposes the most basic human fears. In war, a person is able to show previously unknown traits of character. Sometimes a person surprises himself by showing heroism and hitherto unseen fortitude. And sometimes even good people, contrary to their expectations, show cowardice. Within the framework of this section, the concept of heroism, heroism, as well as desertion, betrayal, etc. are associated with courage / cowardice.

5. Courage and cowardice in love.

COURAGE- a positive moral and volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger. Courage allows a person to overcome the fear of something unknown, complex, new by willpower and achieve success in achieving the goal. It is not for nothing that this quality is highly revered among the people: “God owns the brave”, “The courage of the city takes”. It is also honored as the ability to speak the truth (“Dare to have your own judgment”). Courage allows you to face the truth and objectively assess your capabilities, not be afraid of the dark, loneliness, water, heights and other difficulties and obstacles. Courage provides a person with a sense of dignity, a sense of responsibility, security, and reliability of life.

Synonyms: courage, determination, courage, heroism, enterprise, arrogance, self-confidence, energy; presence, uplifting of spirit; spirit, courage, desire (to tell the truth), audacity, boldness; fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness; fearlessness, decisiveness, daring, heroism, courage, riskiness, desperation, audacity, innovation, daring, audacity, audacity, daring, trouble, valor, novelty, courage, masculinity.

cowardice - one of the expressions of cowardice; a negative, moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person who is unable to perform actions that meet moral requirements (or, conversely, refrain from immoral actions), due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces. T. can be a manifestation of prudent self-love, when it is based on fears of incurring adverse consequences, someone's anger, fear of losing existing benefits or social position. It can also be subconscious, a manifestation of spontaneous fear of unknown phenomena, unknown and uncontrolled social and natural laws. In both cases, T. is not just an individual property of the psyche of this or that person, but a social phenomenon. It is associated either with egoism, which has taken root in the psychology of people over the centuries-old history of private property, or with the impotence and depressed position of a person, generated by a state of alienation (even fear of natural phenomena develops into T. only under certain conditions of social life and the corresponding upbringing of a person). Communist morality condemns T., because it leads to immoral acts: to dishonesty, opportunism, unscrupulousness, deprives a person of the ability to be a fighter for a just cause, entails connivance with evil and injustice. Communist education of the individual and the masses, enlisting people to take an active part in the construction of the society of the future, man's awareness of his place in the world, his purpose and possibilities, and the subordination of natural and social laws to him contribute to the gradual eradication of technology from the life of individuals and society as a whole.

Synonyms: timidity, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation, fear; fearfulness, fear, shyness, cowardice, timidity, fearfulness, capitulation, cowardice, cowardice.

Quotes for the final essay 2018 in the direction "Courage and cowardice".

Be brave for the truth

Who dared, he ate (and sat on a horse)

Courage is the beginning of victory. (Plutarch)

Courage, bordering on recklessness, contains more madness than resilience. (M. Cervantes)

When you are afraid - act boldly, and you will avoid the worst troubles. (G. Sachs)

To be utterly devoid of courage, one must be utterly devoid of desire. (Helvetius K.)

It is easier to find such people who voluntarily go to death than those who patiently endure pain. (J. Caesar)

Who is courageous, he is brave. (Cicero)

Courage should not be confused with arrogance and rudeness: there is nothing more dissimilar both in its source and in its result. (J.J. Rousseau)

Excessive courage is the same vice as excessive timidity. (B. Johnson)

Courage based on prudence is not called recklessness, and the exploits of the reckless should rather be attributed to mere luck than to his courage. (M. Cervantes)

In battle, those are most exposed to danger who are most obsessed with fear; courage is like a wall. (Sallust)

Courage replaces the fortress walls. (Sallust)

To be courageous means to consider everything terrible to be far away and everything that inspires courage to be near. (Aristotle)

Heroism is an artificial concept, because courage is relative. (F. Bacon)

Some show courage without having it, but there is no person who would demonstrate wit if he were not witty by nature. (J. Halifax)

True courage rarely comes without stupidity. (F. Bacon)

Ignorance makes people bold, and reflection makes them indecisive. (Thucydides)

Knowing in advance what you want to do gives you courage and ease. (D. Diderot)

Courage is not in vain considered the highest virtue - after all, courage is the key to other positive qualities. (W. Churchill)

Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence. (M. Twain)

Happy is he who boldly takes under his protection what he loves. (Ovid)

Creativity takes courage. (A. Matisse)

It takes a lot of courage to bring bad news to people. (R. Branson)

The success of science is a matter of time and courage of the mind. (Voltaire)

It takes a lot of courage to use your own mind. (E. Burke)

Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to an indecisive one. (O. Balzac)

Man fears only that which he does not know; knowledge conquers all fear. (V. G. Belinsky)

A coward is more dangerous than any other person, he should be feared more than anything. (L. Berne)

There is nothing worse than fear itself. (F. Bacon)

Cowardice can never be moral. (M. Gandhi)

A coward sends threats only when he is sure of safety. (I. Goethe)

You can never live happily when you are trembling with fear all the time. (P. Holbach)

Cowardice is very harmful because it keeps the will from useful actions. (R. Descartes)

We consider a coward who allows his friend to be insulted in his presence. (D. Diderot)

Cowardice in its prime turns into cruelty. (G. Ibsen)

Who fearfully cares about how not to lose life will never rejoice in it. (I. Kant)

The difference between the brave and the coward is that the former, conscious of the danger, does not feel fear, while the latter feels fear, unaware of the danger. (V. O. Klyuchevsky)

Cowardice is knowing what to do and not doing it. (Confucius)

Fear makes the smart stupid and the strong weak. (F. Cooper)

A fearful dog barks more than bites. (Curtius)

When fleeing, more soldiers always die than in battle. (S. Lagerlöf)

Fear is a bad teacher. (Pliny the Younger)

Fear arises as a result of impotence of the spirit. (B. Spinoza)

Frightened - half defeated. (A.V. Suvorov)

Cowards speak most of all about courage, and scoundrels speak about nobility. (A.N. Tolstoy)

Cowardice is inertia that prevents us from asserting our freedom and independence in relations with others. (I. Fichte)

Cowards die many times before death, the brave die only once. (W. Shakespeare)

To be afraid of love is to be afraid of life, and to be afraid of life is to be two-thirds dead. (Bertrand Russell)

Love doesn't mix well with fear. (N. Machiavelli)

You can't love someone you're afraid of, or someone who's afraid of you. (Cicero)

Courage is like love: it needs to feed on hope. (N. Bonaparte)

Perfect love casts out fear, because there is torment in fear; He who fears is not perfect in love. (Apostle John)