Customs and traditions in the regulation of social relations. What is custom

One of the most ancient social regulators is custom. In the early stages of the development of society, custom was the simplest form of social control, i.e. obedience to custom occurred unconditionally, custom was considered the only possible way of life.

A custom is a rule of behavior of a general nature that has developed historically, as a result of prolonged repeated repetition and has become a habit. 8

The formation of customs occurs both in the people (tribe, ethnic group) as a whole, and within its structural units (estates, professions). Customs regulate a variety of areas of activity, therefore they are legal, commercial, religious, international, military, etc.

As society develops, a more effective regulator of human life appears - law. The law that appears in the conditions of Eastern, ancient or feudal societies does not suppress custom: the authorities for quite a long time consider themselves obliged to obey it, rely on it in their actions (including law-making). There are even customs that are taken under the protection of the authorities and become legal customs, i.e. right. The further development of society pushes customs into the informal sphere of human relations.

In the cultures of modern societies, the role and place of customs are not the same.

The peoples of Western Europe no longer have ancient customs, they have lost their original meaning. Many customs have been forgotten. Some customs were transformed into the mentality of the peoples, thereby defining the national psychology.

The countries of the East are traditional, for the peoples living in the East, the importance of customs is very high. For countries where Islam is strong, customs remain the effective regulator public relations and often openly compete with, and even oppose, state institutions. This situation undermines the formal legal system. History and modernity are replete with examples of inability to state power use force due to the opposition of various tribal clans (many African countries, Afghanistan, Sicily in Italy, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia in Russia). 9

In today's world, customs play a secondary role. However, they continue to occur (albeit with less intensity compared to antiquity). An example is the emergence of a system of customs that reflects the Soviet way of life. The appearance of customs in modern life is explained by the unpredictability of human life and the desire to systematize life phenomena. Such customs turn into law and, accordingly, are called legal. Legal customs are called upon to contribute to the law enforcement process, to supplement and enrich the mechanism of legal mediation of various social relations. 10 (Article 5 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation “Custom of Business Practice”)

Closely related to customs are such social regulators as tradition, ritual and business habits.

Tradition (from lat. tradition - transmission, legend) - a set of elements of social and cultural heritage that are transmitted from generation to generation and preserved in society or its individual groups over a long period of time. 11 According to O.V. Martyshyn, tradition is a broader concept than custom. In addition to custom, tradition includes values, ideas, worldview guidelines that are stable forms of the material and spiritual culture of a particular people. Tradition affects the life of society much more than custom.

Ritual (from Latin ritualis - ritual, from ritus - religious rite, solemn ceremony) is one of the forms of symbolic action that expresses a person's connection with the system of social relations and values and is devoid of any utilitarian meaning. 12 The ritual has historically been used to give external honors to the gods. A ritual is a strictly regulated sequence of actions designed to create an atmosphere of mystery and solemnity when performing religious rites. Important in the performance of rituals is the symbolism, which should indicate the connection of people with God or some higher values. Now the ritual occupies an important place in non-church, civil life. Examples of rituals are the ceremony of marriage, the giving of military honors, the procedure for taking office as the head of state - the inauguration, the performance of the anthem at a football match, etc. Despite the fact that the external attitude to this kind of rituals seems formal, their deep rootedness in national cultures obvious. Society at this stage of its development cannot exist without general civil rituals.

Business habits are formed in the production, scientific, learning activities people and aimed at improving its efficiency.

Social norms such as customs are unlikely to ever lose their weight in the overall system. social norms, as they concentrate the experience of generations and serve for the further development of culture.

1.2 The essence of traditions and customs, their social functions

There is not a single nation in the world that does not have its own traditions and customs that pass on its experience, knowledge and achievements to new generations. Traditions, customs and rituals play an important role in the reproduction of culture and all spheres of spiritual life, in the implementation of the centuries-old efforts of successive generations to make life richer, more beautiful, more meaningful, in ensuring the continuity of the new and the old, in the harmonious development of society and the individual. They exist, are supported by the masses in all spheres. public life: labor, socio-political, family-household, socio-cultural, etc. According to the characteristics of various forms and types of social relations, traditions are distinguished national, revolutionary, international, patriotic, religious, socio-cultural, family-household, etc. There are special traditions in the school, student, scientific, creative, rural and urban environment, etc.

Traditions are firmly established, inherited from previous generations and supported by the power of public opinion, forms of people's behavior and their relationships, or principles by which human culture develops (for example, realistic traditions in literature and art). When we are talking about the family and household sphere, the word “custom” is more often used, which is the oldest form of storage and transmission from generation to generation of standard actions and behavior of people in certain typical circumstances and specific situations.

“Custom is a generally recognized norm of behavior, unofficially “legitimized” by the power of mass habit, traditions and public opinion (although the very fact that this custom is mandatory may not be realized by people) and spontaneously reproduced by the actions of many people.”

Traditions and customs have certain similarities. It is based, firstly, on the fulfillment of the same role in the life of society; secondly, they have the same features and characteristics (stability, normativity, connection with public opinion, moral norms, social habits, standards of behavior, etc.); thirdly, they are equally widespread. Through a system of traditions and customs, new generations of society inherit the relations developed in it and all social experience, down to the most specific actions and actions. The inheritance of social experience with its critical reflection allows society to follow the path at lower cost. social development. Contributing to this, customs and traditions are themselves reproduced, and some of them die off, while others appear or gradually change.

Traditions and customs, being included in the moral system, as well as in the system of social psychology, perform the function of a social regulator. The assimilation of traditions and customs contributes to the formation of socially necessary qualities, habits and skills in people social activities and behaviour. Traditions and customs also perform cognitive and educational functions. Without the fulfillment of these functions, they would largely lose their social meaning. Traditions and customs converge, as they perform functions similar in their social orientation. However, this does not yet indicate their absolute similarity. Just their difference is revealed in the fact that they perform their functions in society in different ways and in different ways. different form.

The content of custom is a rule of conduct, a detailed prescription of an act in a particular situation, and the content of tradition is a general norm, a principle of behavior. “Custom rigidly fixes an action or prohibition of some action, the implementation of a strictly regulated action is the goal of custom. Tradition does not have a rigid connection with a specific action in a specific situation.

Through customs, people acquire the necessary knowledge, behavioral skills, experience related to the immediate environment, and through traditions, it happens in the very more familiarization with the social experience of mankind (international, revolutionary traditions, etc.).

The nature of the educational impact on people of customs and traditions is also different. Based on the assimilation of customs and following them, simple habits, stereotypical behavioral skills are formed, and following traditions contributes to the formation of not only complex habits, but also complex social feelings (patriotic, international, etc.).

The difference between customs and traditions does not at all indicate the superiority of one over the other. For example, the educational impact of customs is very great in the sense that people, following them, gradually instill in themselves certain spiritual traits and qualities, are brought up imperceptibly, naturally and simply. Therefore, truthfulness as a moral personality trait in children is formed much earlier than the content of the concept of "truth", and it is under the influence of customs, in particular family and household ones.

The main regularity of the formation of customs and traditions is the conditionality of their economic development, a certain level and nature of production. The influence of socio-economic relations is also great on such a type of traditions and customs as family and household ones.

It is very important to take into account the peculiarities of family and household traditions and customs. Changes in everyday life are slower than in the economy, in the system of education and social upbringing, and also in some other spheres of public life. The conservatism of family and domestic relations is due to the intimacy, specificity, relative independence and isolation of the family. Here, sometimes, the long-term, very deep influence of religion, nationalistic psychology, difficulties and contradictions in the development of individual consciousness is also evident. It is in the family and household sphere that we most often encounter relapses of old customs and traditions that have lost both the economic and ideological basis. After all, there are cases when, after the solemn registration of marriage, the newlyweds secretly get married somewhere else in the church. Baptism of newborns, consecration of a new house, etc. are performed in the same way. And the reason for this is not only the vitality of old customs and rituals, but also insufficiently active organizational and educational work.

Old family and household traditions, customs and rituals are by no means so bad and harmful that they should be completely eradicated. Many of them have enduring moral and aesthetic significance.

These traditions were formed under the influence of economic necessity, they were the most effective means of educating diligence, not to mention the impact on physical development and hardening of children. And respect for the results of labor, and the concept of duty, and many others moral qualities formed in the younger generation directly. True, in the family life itself, there were previously much more objects for the application of the feasible labor of children.

But under the influence of the growth of material well-being, the development of technology in everyday life, these objects decreased, and the tradition itself began to fade. And the consequences were not long in coming; there was a clear trend towards a decrease in industriousness among children.

Some other family and household traditions and customs, despite significant social change in our lives, it is necessary to preserve and improve, because they largely express the national ideal of those human qualities, the formation and presence of which predetermines family happiness, a favorable microclimate of the family and, in general, human well-being. So, great importance has the traditional friendship of families, as if related at the birth of children, the friendship of families of leading workers, etc.

an integral part of the socialist aesthetic culture is the revival of some folk holidays(Russian Maslenitsa, Tatar Sabantuy - “plow holiday”, etc.). However, it is hardly possible to consider as useful those changes in folk customs and rituals that pervert their essence and reduce their aesthetic value.

In the Central Asian republics, there is a revival of the shameful custom of the past - the hated kalym - the ransom for the bride. Lush weddings, ruinous funeral rites cannot be passed off as folk customs and rituals, just as beautiful folk customs cannot be turned into a philistine cult. Some customs and traditions become so harmful that it is necessary to include the power of state power in the fight against them. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly distinguish between traditions, rituals and customs, including revived ones that carry positive moral and aesthetic values, and those that not only do not contain anything socially useful, but also harm the development of socialist culture.

Folk traditions, rituals and customs, including traditional festivities, should serve as a means of developing aesthetic culture, collective entertainment and recreation, and improving socialist life. At the same time, we should not forget that, in addition to holidays, there are weekdays, and in them, good work and family traditions are the most important element of aesthetic culture. It is not for nothing that work and family life are so inseparable in the minds of the working people; it is not without reason that they are so widely reflected in folk proverbs and sayings, in epics, folk songs and fairy tales, representing in aggregate ideological content folk traditions and customs. In all folk art, which is the most important element of aesthetic culture, friendship in the family, respect for parents, love for work are glorified, and laziness, parasitism, gluttony, dishonesty, extravagance and others are condemned. human vices originating from the desire to live a prosperous life without making any work for this. And this is quite natural, because labor has always been, is and will be the basis of the people's way of life.

Labor traditions Soviet people differ from its other traditions, because during the years of socialist construction the nature of labor in general, family and household in particular, has changed dramatically. An integral feature of the former way of life, especially in rural areas, was the inevitable participation of children in common family labor (maintenance of the dwelling, caring for animals, cultivating the land, etc.). The family way of life assumed the obligatory labor participation of children, because there were much more labor cases both in nature and in volume in the family than at present. Now the family way of life has changed, and very significantly. And it is no coincidence that idle children often grow up in a hard-working, honest family. And one of the reasons for this is a certain extinction of the age-old tradition named above. The tradition of the progeny of professional work is also fading away: earlier, children acquired professional skills and abilities most often from their parents, working next to them. Now this function is almost completely performed by the state vocational training system.

But does this mean that labor traditions are disappearing in the Soviet family way of life? Far from it. Another thing is that in former times they were formed under the influence of material difficulties. family life, and at present they must be formed in every family in order to organize the labor education of children. In those families where due importance is attached to this important task, it is a good tradition to distribute the permanent job duties between all family members.

Now continuity work culture does not consist in transferring highly professional skills and abilities or, as was often the case before, the secrets of the profession of fathers and grandfathers, but in instilling deep respect to work and its results, in the formation of a healthy desire to be useful to people, society, skills and habits of organization, self-discipline, efficiency and composure.

If traditions and habits are organically soldered in the life of people, then the former should be established, and the latter should be trained with the help of the elders in the family, those who have more than others. life experience and moral authority. Such small and large traditions, in each family supported in their own way, but subordinate general principle, maybe a lot.

A good family tradition to maintain a general interest in the cares and successes of each family member is a constant exchange of opinions on labor and social affairs, impressions of what they saw, heard, about important events. It is very important to form a healthy public opinion in the family. This should also be a tradition.

Ritual arrangement of events family value, Soviet holidays and other important public events plays a very important role in comprehensive development personality, in ensuring the effectiveness of education, etc.

The specificity of the rite, as well as the ritual, consists, first of all, in a symbolic, sometimes strictly defined character. In any tradition (especially in customs) there is their ritual, ritual side. A wedding as a tradition and custom in its meaning, the content, perhaps, is not much different in different countries. But the ritual design of this event has significant differences among different peoples.

The rite, as an integral part of the custom, of one or another traditional activity, subordinates the behavior and actions of people to a single emotional mood, creates such a moral and aesthetic background against which reason and feeling, rational and emotional motives and actions of people merge, are directed into a single channel. The ritual is characterized by an impressive, bright, aesthetic and psychological impact form. Many ceremonies, their aesthetic design include all the main types of art.

One of the features of the rite is that, despite the difference in roles in a particular ritual ritual, all its participants are internally active, experiencing the same feelings.

Rites in a special way perform important social functions: mass communication, educational, social and normative function of social inheritance. The rite is a special way of transmitting ideas, social norms, values and feelings to new generations. This transmission is carried out through direct personal contacts.

social nature The rite determined its collectivist character. At the same time, people satisfy the need for collective experiences, participation and public evaluation of events that are important to them. The ceremony not only forms, but also deepens the feelings of people, enriches their emotional world, which is especially important in our era - the era of the scientific and technological revolution with its social consequences. Solemn symbolic acts form in each of their performers a sense of belonging to a team, society. If we take into account that for the most part rituals are performed at key moments in the life of a person, family, team, people, state, society, then it becomes clear how great their educational value is.

A characteristic feature of the rite is its conservatism, resistance to external influences, stereotyping of people's actions. This is its social strength and weakness. Serving the community for a number of years historical eras, it very effectively ensures continuity in the development of human culture. But during social revolutions, the conservative power of rites plays an antisocial role that is difficult to overcome and becomes an obstacle to social progress. Therefore, in communist construction, in the development and improvement of a new way of life, both the struggle against the old rituals and the creation of a new one corresponding to new forms of life and life, communication and social development of rituals are of particular importance.

Stand decoration. June - August Theme " Nizhny Novgorod- before and now Family tour around the city with a professional guide. · Thematic plan of work on the moral and patriotic education of children in the preparatory school group September Theme "My family" The content of the lesson on the development of speech: · Solving the rebus "7 I". · Job...

These psychological factors (rather than being in conflict with them), the quality of education will improve. This also applies to the quality of school history education. 3.3. Practical activities school museum on the basis of the municipal educational institution "Bolsheutinskaya secondary school" The territory of the village of Bolshoy Ut and nearby villages is located within the western foothills of the Ural ...

Custom- the traditionally established order of behavior. It is based on habit and refers to collective forms of action.

Customs are socially approved mass patterns of action that are recommended to be followed. If habits and customs pass from one generation to another, they turn into traditions.

Tradition- all that is inherited from the predecessors. Originally this word meant "tradition". Values, norms, patterns of behavior, ideas, social institutions, tastes, and views also act as traditions. Meetings of former classmates, fellow soldiers, hoisting the national or ship flag can become traditional. Some traditions are performed in a casual setting, while others are performed in a festive, upbeat setting. Rite is a kind of tradition. It characterizes not selective, but mass actions.

rite- a set of actions established by custom or ritual. They express some religious performances or household traditions. Rites are not limited to one social group, but apply to all segments of the population.

Rites accompany important moments of human life associated with birth (baptism, naming), wedding (matchmaking, bride price, engagement), entry into a new field of activity (military oath, initiation into pioneers, students, workers) or transition to another age (initiation), death (burial, funeral service, commemoration).

Ceremony- a sequence of actions that have a symbolic meaning and are dedicated to the celebration (celebration) of any events or dates. The function of these actions is to emphasize the special value of the celebrated events for the society or group. coronation - a prime example an important ceremony for society.

Ritual- a highly stylized and carefully planned set of gestures and words performed by people specially selected and prepared for this. The ritual has a symbolic meaning. It is designed to dramatize the event, to arouse reverent awe in the audience. Sacrificing a person pagan god is a prime example of ritual. Most rituals break down into component parts and elements. For example, obligatory part the ritual of taking off aircraft - waiting for the command "Take off is allowed." Elements of the farewell ritual: sit “on the path”, hug, cry, wish a happy journey, do not sweep the floor for three days, etc. The complex composition of the elements includes the ritual of defending a scientific dissertation. According to K. Lorenz, the ritual has a cultural origin and performs three functions: a) prohibition of the struggle between members of the group, b) keeping them in a closed community, and c) separating this community from other groups. The ritual restrains aggression and unites the group.

manners- especially protected, highly honored by society mass patterns of action. Mores reflect the moral values of society, their violation is punished more severely than the violation of traditions Mores are customs that have moral significance. This category includes those forms of human behavior that exist in a given society and can be subjected to moral assessment.

Taboo- an absolute ban imposed on any action, word, object. It regulated the most important aspects of human life: it ensured compliance with marital norms, protected from dangers associated, in particular, with touching a corpse.

Laws- norms or rules of conduct formalized by a parliamentary or government document, that is, backed up by the political authority of the state and requiring strict implementation. There are two types of laws. Normal right - V pre-industrial society: a set of unwritten rules of conduct sanctioned by the state. From customary law gradually arose formal, or legal, laws, enshrined in the Constitution - the main political law of the country. Violation of laws entails criminal penalties, the most severe of which is the death penalty.

What is the difference between norm, law and custom? Consider their relationship on the example of China. A norm is a moral prescription for how one should act. Custom is a common practice, typical, mass actions, what happens as usual. For example, the Confucian norm in China condemns the remarriage of a widow. But such a norm did not become a custom, a widespread practice, and remarriages of widows happened very often.

Under Chinese law, a husband had the right to remarry if his wife died. It fixed the custom and itself encouraged such practice as a mass one, that is, as something ordinary, widespread. On the contrary, the wife's remarriage did not meet the Confucian standards of maintaining chastity.

Every family has its own indescribable atmosphere of love, understanding and warmth. Children born in families adopt this atmosphere. How does it arise? A similar halo in the family is created family traditions, customs or laws of family leisure. Often such laws take their roots from the family foundations of previous generations - they are strong and unshakable. They create a sense of security family relations, there is a strong bond between family members, close and trusting relationships are maintained, children feel the stability of the family.

What are family traditions: examples

Family traditions are regularly repeated actions of family members aimed at rallying intra-family ties and strengthening the family as main base society. Traditions are an indispensable attribute of family happiness and well-being, reflecting the moral position of all family members. Each family is individual and has its own history. Family customs allow all members to feel their importance, give time and attention to relatives, show them respect and love.

Examples of traditions: joint holidays, themed dinners on weekends, family vacations, reading fairy tales to children before bedtime or singing lullabies, going to church on Sundays or religious holidays, writing letters to Santa Claus for the New Year, baking Easter cakes for household members, sharing meals and many others.

What are family traditions and holidays

Holding family holidays. This tradition has its roots in the distant past - for centuries it was customary to celebrate holidays with family and friends. The main such holiday should be called a birthday. In most families, it is customary on this day to invite guests to the house, cover festive table, give gifts to the birthday man and by all means blow out the candles on the birthday cake, making a wish. Family holidays include weddings, the birth of children, baptisms, etc.

Holding public holidays. They include everyone's favorite holiday - the New Year. Most families practice the custom of holding it together at a large table, with Olivier salad, traditional for our country, and champagne. Children write letters to Santa Claus asking for the desired gifts. Many families celebrate Easter by baking Easter cakes and lighting them up in the church. Among the national holidays, the World Workers' Day is traditionally celebrated on May 1. On this holiday, most families go on a picnic and cook meat dishes on the grill.

Games with children. It is important that both parents take part in the upbringing of the child, play with him. During games, the child learns the world, acquires new skills, improves his physical and intellectual level. For example, according to custom, a mother teaches a child to play chess every Saturday, and a father plays football with his son on Sundays. Children love stability, so try not to break the established customs.

Reading stories before bed. This is the most important tradition in raising children, because fairy tales allow the child to develop imagination, to know the world. In addition, daily reading of fairy tales before going to bed develops a certain mode of going to bed in the child. Even if the child is too small to understand the meaning of what is read, the calm and measured voice of mom or dad will have a calming effect on him. Such an evening ritual will calm even the most active children promoting good sound sleep.

Family walks. For the development of the physical abilities of the child, and maintaining their own, it is important to take joint walks. During such a walk, you need to communicate, you can see the sights. In order to instill spiritual values, it is advisable for the whole family to visit cinemas, theaters, museums, and exhibitions. Such trips can broaden the horizons and raise the cultural level of the family as a whole.

Kissing tradition. To create an atmosphere of love, it is important to kiss your loved ones more often. It is advisable to kiss children at least twice a day - in the morning when they wake up, in the evening - before going to bed. More frequent kisses and hugs are welcome, even with an older child, because when there is a lack of affection, children grow up callous. It is also important to wish all relatives Good night before bed and good morning waking up.
Joint vacation trips. Do not underestimate this type of leisure, because most psychologists recommend regularly changing the environment to maintain good relationships. The main thing is to visit new cities and countries all together in order to escape from routine and everyday life, to expand your horizons.

Orthodox traditions. These include going to church together on Orthodox holidays or every Sunday, celebrating Christmas and Easter, fasting, baptizing children, reading the Bible, praying before bed, regularly visiting deceased relatives.

What values underlie family traditions

Family traditions generate and nurture important values in people: love for the family, respect for one's relatives, care for loved ones, a correct understanding of the family and its role in life. Failure to comply with family customs and foundations can lead to a weakening of ties between its members, to the destruction of family ties. Even a cell of society in which love reigns cannot exist without certain important and pleasant customs, for example, joint leisure.

Traditions strengthen in children a sense of gratitude to their parents, as well as to grandparents, instilling respect for the older generation. Spouses customs give a sense of inviolability, stability of family relationships. L.N. Tolstoy said: "Happy is he who is happy at home." A person living in a family that respects traditions will surely be surrounded by care, love, warmth and tenderness. Such a person has family well-being will be transferred to other areas of life.

Family traditions of different countries and peoples of the world

Each nation has its own special traditions related to all areas of life, and especially the family. This is due, first of all, to the fact that each nation or country has its own special geography, location, climate, history, unique culture, adheres to different religions. All these factors influence the formation of cultural and family customs. Family traditions, in turn, shape the worldview and attitude to life. Such family structures have existed for centuries, practically unchanged, passing from older family members to younger ones.

Family cultural traditions in Russia history and modernity

If we turn to history, it becomes obvious that there are many traditions in Rus'. From time immemorial, the main family custom in Russia has been genealogy - in the past it was considered indecent not to know one's family, and the expression "Ivan, who does not remember kinship" was an insult. An integral part of the family structure was the compilation of a pedigree or family tree. Also known are such traditions of the Russian people as the transfer of valuable things from generation to generation and naming a child in honor of one of the respected ancestors.

IN modern Russia the importance of family customs was somewhat lost. For example, nowadays you rarely meet a family leading their own genealogy. Often the memory of generations is reduced to an album with photographs. But such wonderful traditions as a joint meal and holding joint holidays have been preserved. Family customs and traditions in the Kuban still suggest a Cossack life, raising children in the spirit of a Cossack family.

Traditions in Germany

There is a stereotype that the Germans are extremely pedantic. The most strict traditions among the Germans relate to the family:

it is customary to treat your home with the utmost care, carefully cleaning it and bringing beauty to it;
it is not customary to leave grandchildren to be raised by their grandmother or grandfather - for this it is necessary to determine the amount of money for them;
parents in old age do not live with children - they are looked after by nurses or they live in special boarding houses;
at Christmas, it is customary for the whole family to gather in the parental home;
The Germans are prudent and economical, so they have a tradition of saving for old age, during which they usually travel a lot around the world.

In England

The British have traditions - these are the three pillars on which the Earth rests, so they honor them with special trepidation. Who does not know about the notorious English custom of drinking tea? Family gatherings and discussions are sure to be held over a cup of real Earl Gray with milk. The British are Catholics, so they especially celebrate Christmas and Thanksgiving, gathering with the whole family, preparing traditional dishes. An excellent tradition among the British must be called the custom of giving children a good education. It is considered bad form not to send your child to a private boarding school or college.

In France

In France, the custom is widespread - on Sundays to gather at a common table, drink wine and have a meal. Of the holidays, the French like to celebrate Christmas, gathering in their parents' house. At the festive banquet, there are always such delicacies as foie gras, salmon, seafood, iscariot snails and noble cheeses. The traditional drink for Christmas is champagne, and the dessert is “Christmas log”.

In India

India is a country of the strictest family customs and traditions. Indian society is divided into social castes, so the issue of marriage is approached very unusually there. The father of the family must himself choose the future groom for his daughter, she was given in marriage only to a representative of her social caste. A lavish wedding celebration is more of a duty than a wish. The bride traditionally had to provide a dowry. Divorce and remarriage in India used to be prohibited.

Indian family life is greatly influenced by Buddhist traditions. According to them, a man should:

Show respect for your spouse.
Do not change.
Provide for a family.
Teaching children the craft.
Choose the right pair for the kids.

A woman must:

Respect your husband.
To raise children.
Perform all household duties.
Don't cheat on your husband.
Fulfill all the wishes of the spouse.

Tatar traditions

Tatars are Muslims, so family structures are based on Sharia and the Koran. Among the Tatars, the creation of a family is considered a necessity dictated by religion. Interestingly, after marriage, the husband receives full power over his wife, and the wife is dependent on him - she does not even have the right to leave the house without the consent of her husband. Divorces among Tatars are extremely rare, exclusively at the initiative of the husband. It is customary for children to be brought up by their wife, but they are required to show complete obedience to their father.

What family traditions are important in raising children

Family customs play essential role in raising children. It is extremely difficult to instill traditions in an adult, so they are often passed down from generation to generation from parents to children. Children perceive the world the way their parents do, therefore, pleasant family customs determine the child's perception of the family as the main element of his life, as well as determining its place in the value system.

The traditions of family reading before going to bed, singing lullabies, kisses at every meeting, joint dinners, walks will be useful. They define in the child the concept of stability, the inviolability of family structures, give a sense of solidarity, make children more tender and affectionate. It is also important to instill from childhood the custom of respecting and honoring one's ancestors by regularly visiting them on holidays.

Proverbs and poems about family traditions

There are many instructive proverbs about family customs and traditions:

"What is the treasure when the family is in harmony."
"Children are not a burden, but a joy."
"When the sun is warm, when the mother is good."
"Not the mother who gave birth, but the one who raised."
"A family is strong when there is only one roof over it."
"The whole family is together, and the soul is in place."
"A tree is supported by roots, but a man is a family."
“If I have granddaughters, I know fairy tales.”
"Don't hide your failures from your parents."
"Honour your parents - you will not go astray from the true path."
"In a family where they help each other, troubles are not terrible."

Poems about the family, as well as traditions, see the photo below:

Family traditions are one of the most important aspects of everyone's life, so it is so important to cultivate and support them in every possible way. Family life without traditions would be boring. It's great when young families do it themselves, relying on the experience of their parents' family life, adding their own personal moments to them. The main goal is rapprochement with the rest of the relatives, building a strong reliable family, as well as the enjoyment of communication with loved ones. Be happy!

Customs and traditions: the toughest examples

What are customs and traditions? Customs are historically established certain actions and orders that have long become the habit of the whole people. Under traditions, we "decipher" a certain "cultural code" that is passed down by people from generation to generation.

Traditions and customs are very similar in their meaning. Sociologists even point out e. They are closely connected not only with history, but also with religious views. It was with the advent of beliefs that the beginning of customs and traditions was laid.

We all follow some traditions and customs, but not all of us truly know their purpose and history. I believe that people should pay special attention to history, because all traditions and customs are an interesting part of the culture of the people, the history of generations and religion, and are also one of the components of a person’s upbringing and his worldview.

The history of the emergence of customs and traditions

Initially, customs and traditions arose out of the need for survival. Thus was born the so-called hunting magic. It must be understood that people in ancient times were much more dependent on nature than we are. The hunt could be successful - or unsuccessful. Therefore, rituals arose that, it was believed, could bring good luck to the side of the hunters. The elders had knowledge of such rituals, therefore, in ancient times, the elderly were treated with due respect, not like now.

There were other customs and traditions among the ancients: not to wake a sleeping person (his soul may not have time to return from the world of dreams), not to mate during a hunt - this is fraught with uncontrolled births, etc. By the way, it is within the framework of hunting magic that rock art arises: people wanted attract the spirit of the animal to your side.

Such customs and traditions accompanied life ancient man. They have penetrated our culture so much that we do not even notice and do not track them! For example, look at a teenager at a bus stop. He smoked, spat and wiped his grub on the asphalt with his foot. What is this? This is a genetic memory: in fact, he destroyed the trace of himself. After all earlier people believed that through saliva, hair and other remnants of a person, you can bring trouble to him. Don't believe? Read the textbook "History primitive society» for universities!

wedding traditions- in general, continuous antiquity: White color(dress, veil) is a symbol of transition to another state. We wear white according to the rite three times in our lives: when we are born, when we get married or get married, and when we die. Did you even know about all this? Write in the comments!

Food habits. You come to a new job - you need to "put down", you go on vacation - the same way. wedding table, parties, - in a word, a lot is connected precisely with eating food. Why? It turns out that in ancient times there was such a custom of potlatch, when the leader of the tribe fed all his community members. This meant that he did them good - we must respond in kind! And today: went on vacation, and we work? We're stressed! Gotta eat! And there is a gap. Did you graduate from high school and get your diploma? Are you stressed? School ball, graduation is again associated with food. Didn't notice

Interesting customs and traditions of the peoples of the world

The peoples of the whole world have many traditions and customs, and they are different for all peoples. For example, Russians have a tradition of celebrating the New Year, a holiday that connects the past and the future. This holiday brings bright feelings and many miracles, but, like most other traditions, New Year goes back to ancient times.

An integral part of the New Year is a Christmas tree with funny and clockwork toys, bright and glossy balls and blinking different colors, garlands. Do you know why everyone decorates the Christmas tree so quickly before this holiday? Because according to customs, people believed that by decorating the Christmas tree, they make the evil forces that surround them good. At present, many have forgotten about these forces, and the decorated Christmas tree still remains a symbol of the New Year holiday. This magical holiday is described in many Russian fairy tales and poems, the authors of which are well-known A. S. Pushkin, S. A. Yesenin and others.

Also, the Russian people have interesting customs that are incomprehensible to foreign residents. For example, on the eve of Easter, a bright holiday that appeared in Rus' at the end of the tenth century, in honor of the resurrection of Christ, we paint chicken eggs. And many color them with onion peel, because it gives a burgundy-red hue, this shade symbolizes the blood of Christ crucified on the cross. A egg in turn - a symbol of the birth of a new life.

But not only the Russian people are famous for their traditions and customs. Abroad there is the well-known All Hallows' Eve or, as we call it, Halloween. The holiday became a tradition several centuries ago and, as we know from the book "Scarlett" by Alexandra Ripley, this holiday was rooted in Ireland. An attribute of such a tradition is a pumpkin, which symbolizes at the same time the harvest, evil forces and the fire that scares them away.

There are no less interesting traditions in the countries of the East. For example, polygamy. Polygamy also came into life from the ancestors and is preserved in the countries of the East to this day. For example, the Book of Mormon can tell us a lot about such a tradition. It is known from the book that in ancient times nomadic way life required considerable care for numerous herds of horses or camels, so the owner forced to have several women who could provide care for mares or camels. Camel fur made it possible to have warm and light blankets, and camel milk was highly valued. Only a woman could do all this, men had no time to do housework, they were the earners. At present, in the Eastern countries, polygamy determines the prestige of a man, which is no less important for the inhabitants of the East.

Departing from the history of the traditions of polygamy in the Eastern countries, one cannot help but recall the monogamy of the Caucasus. No matter how sad it may sound, there are always wars in countries, after which the number of men decreases sharply. Girls, as a rule, are born more than boys, and in the future, many adult girls do not have enough husbands, and as a result, families and children.

In general, if you recall, there have been cases in history when only one survivor from the male population of the village returned to the village from the front. However, after some time, the population again became at the same level.

So during the Caucasian war of the nineteenth century, the leader of the Caucasian highlanders, Imam Shamil, facilitated the fate of widows and single women. They were allowed to choose a husband at their own discretion, which actually legitimized the existing relationship. As S. Essadze wrote: "The named man, single or married, was obliged to marry the one who chose him."

I propose to recall the customs and traditions of the inhabitants of such interesting country like Thailand. Thailand is famous for its exotic customs. During the calendar year, the native Thais have many customs and traditions that delight tourists. Solemn holidays are celebrated by the whole kingdom of Thailand. In general, some of the most interesting rituals can be observed in the "backward" cultures, whose carriers live in.

An example of this is one of the most beautiful holidays in Thailand - Loy Krathong, dedicated to the spirits of water. This day falls at the beginning of November on the day full moon. Thais, floating their boats along the rivers - krathongs, in which candles burn brightly and fresh flowers, coins, various incense lie. Thais firmly believe that with the help of these boats that night, the spirits of water will wash away all the sins of the previous year from them.

Each country of our vast world has its own special customs and traditions that determine the way of life and culture of people. Do we often hear about the customs and traditions of China? One of the most special traditions in China is the greeting. In the old days, the Chinese greeted each other by bowing with their hands folded across their chests. At the same time, it was considered: the lower the bow, the more people shows respect. The modern Chinese today simply make a slight bow with their heads. However, if they want to show respect, they can bow lower.

The customs and traditions of all the peoples of the world inhabiting the Earth are very extensive and multifaceted. They are directly related to factors that are rooted in the very depths of history, and with religion, which helps a person to understand and perceive the world around him, believing in the supernatural. It is necessary to respect and honor not only the customs and traditions of your country, your people, but also other countries and its inhabitants.

Interesting article? Like, write what you think about all this in the comments. .

Editing Andrey Puchkov