Hello new life! Composition on the topic: Hello, new life in the play The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov Hello, new life.
1. Name the main problems of Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard". 3
2. Could the old owners save their garden and why?. 4
3. What is the new life for Lopakhin? 5
References.. 6
1. Name the main problems of Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard"
"The Cherry Orchard" ... It is impossible to find a person who would not know this play by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. There is something surprisingly touching in the very sound of these words - "cherry orchard". This is the writer's swan song, the last "forgive" the world, which could be more humane, more merciful, more beautiful.
The main event of the play is the purchase of a cherry orchard. All the problems, experiences of the characters are built around this. All thoughts, memories are connected with him. It is the cherry orchard that is the central image of the play.
The author does not yet see a hero in Russian life who could become the real owner of the "cherry orchard", the keeper of its beauty and wealth. The title of the play carries deep ideological content. The garden is a symbol of the outgoing life. The end of the garden is the end of the outgoing generation - the nobles. But in the play the image of a new garden grows, "more luxurious than this." "The whole of Russia is our garden." And this new blooming garden, with its fragrance, its beauty, is to be cultivated by the younger generation.
The play "The Cherry Orchard" raises a social problem: who is the future of Russia? The nobility is leaving the status of the leading class, but the future is not for people like Lopakhin, who directly evaluates himself: “My dad was a peasant, an idiot ... he didn’t teach me, but only beat me drunk and everything with a stick. In fact, I'm the same blockhead and idiot. These people are ignorant, although they are businesslike, but they should not be allowed to high positions.
Another of the main problems of the play is that people are not able to change the course of life in their favor, even in small things. This is the main pathos of the play: the conflict between the characters and life, breaking their plans, breaking their destinies. But in the events that take place in the play, this is not expressed in the struggle against any intruder who has set himself the goal of destroying the inhabitants of the estate. Therefore, the problem of the play goes into subtext.
2. Could the old owners save their garden and why?
A beautiful cherry orchard can be saved if it is divided into summer cottages. But this path to salvation is not for the main characters of the play - Ranevskaya and Gaev. To turn an estate into a profitable place means to betray both a luxurious garden and oneself. Brother and sister prefer to surrender to the inevitable. Ranevskaya is surrounded by loving people. They may sympathize, but they cannot help. And the one who can help and loves the most buys the cherry orchard himself. There is also something funny in the characters who inhabit the estate of the heroine of the play or come to visit. Each has its own theme, its own melody, its own habits. All together they create an elusive, touching, sometimes sad, sometimes cheerful atmosphere of The Cherry Orchard.
All attempts to save the estate were in vain. In the fourth act, Chekhov introduces the sound of an ax hitting wood. The Cherry Orchard, the central image of the play, grows into a comprehensive symbol expressing the inevitable death of a passing, decaying life. All the characters in the play are to blame for this, although they are all sincere in their striving for the best. But the intentions and results diverge, and the bitterness of what is happening is able to suppress even the joyful feeling of Lopakhin, who found himself in a struggle in which he did not strive to win. And only Firs remained devoted to that life to the end, and that is why he was forgotten in the boarded-up house, despite all the worries of Ranevskaya, Vari, Anya, Yasha. The guilt of the heroes in front of him is also a symbol of universal guilt for the death of the beautiful that was in the outgoing life. The play ends with the words of Firs, and then only the sound of a broken string and the sound of an ax cutting down a cherry orchard is heard.
Indeed, the only way to save the estate is to break a cherry orchard into dachas. But although Ranevskaya sheds streams of tears about the loss of her garden, although she cannot live without it, she still refuses such an offer to save the estate. Selling or renting garden plots seems to her unacceptable and offensive.
3. What is the new life for Lopakhin?
The expectation of change is the main leitmotif of the play. All the heroes of The Cherry Orchard are oppressed by the temporality of everything that exists, the frailty of being. In their life, as in the life of contemporary Russia, “the thread connecting the days has broken”, the old has been destroyed, but the new has not yet been built, and it is not known what this new will be like. All of them unconsciously cling to the past, not realizing that it no longer exists.
Merchant Lopakhin is a man who is satisfied with the existing order. The attitude of the author towards such people is formulated by Petya Trofimov, who says to Lopakhin: “I, Ermolai Nikolaevich, as I understand it: you are a rich man, you will soon be a millionaire. This is how, in terms of metabolism, you need a predatory beast that eats everything that comes in its way, so you are needed. Being a native of peasants (his father was a serf with his grandfather and father Ranevskaya), he did not receive an education, he lacks culture. Gaev calls him a boor and a fist. But Lopakhin is a representative of the active part of society, he does not talk about the need for labor, he works: "... I get up at five o'clock in the morning, working from morning to evening, well, I always have my own and other people's money ...". He believes that by breaking the cherry orchard into plots and renting them out, one can earn income. It is noteworthy that as a result of the auction, the garden passes to Lopakhin.
What is the future of Lopakhin? Probably, having become even richer in the years remaining before the revolution, he would contribute to the economic prosperity of Russia, become a patron of the arts, and build schools and hospitals for the poor with his own money.
Bibliography:
1. Karlin A.N. "As a stylist, Chekhov is inaccessible ...". M.: "Olimp", 2003.
3. Polishchuk E.V. Reflections on the pages of the play "The Cherry Orchard". M.: GEORGE-PRESS, 1996.
Karlin A.N. "As a stylist, Chekhov is inaccessible ...". M.: "Olimp", 2003. S. 122.
Polishchuk E.V. Reflections on the pages of the play "The Cherry Orchard". M.: GEORGE-PRESS, 1996. P. 143.
Hello young tribe
unfamiliar…
A.S. Pushkin
A.P. Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" was written in 1903, at the turn of two eras. During these years, he is full of a sense of coming changes. The motive of expecting a bright, better life permeates all of Chekhov's work at this time. He believes that life will not change spontaneously, but thanks to the intelligent activity of man, the development of science and the improvement of the human mind. Chekhov implies that this life is already being born. And the motive of this new life is embodied on the pages of the play "The Cherry Orchard". Anton Pavlovich turned to its directors K.S. Stanislavsky and V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko: "Give me an extraordinary distance for the stage." In his play there was this extraordinary distance, depth and breadth of this new life with its Chekhovian modest form without any pathos. This play is about the past, present and future. It seems to me possible to consider in the composition the images of the characters who, on the pages of the play, personify the desire for a new life. These are Lopakhin, Petya Trofimov and Anya.
The nobility in the image of Gaev and Ranevskaya is depicted as a class that has already become obsolete, leaving. He is being replaced by new "masters" of life - the bourgeoisie in the person of the merchant Lopakhin. The image of Lopakhin is somewhat ambivalent. Chekhov shows him active, efficient, energetic, as a representative of a relatively progressive rising bourgeoisie, in comparison with the inactive Gaev and Ranevskaya. He does his best to save the cherry orchard. Lopakhin, according to him, gets up "at five o'clock in the morning" and works "from morning to evening." He is a man of labor. In his image, perhaps, a share of one of Chekhov's calls for work, for activity, for the reorganization of life. Lopakhin acts as a harbinger of a new life. In the monologue of the third act, he says: “We will set up dachas, and our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will see a new life here ...” Well, maybe this is really a new life, what’s wrong with that, if the cherry orchard is cut down, dachas are set up, centuries of inactivity will collapse. But Chekhov does not accept such a new life. He emphasizes this with the words of Trofimov: "That's how, in terms of metabolism, a predatory beast is needed, which eats everything that comes in its way, so you are needed." The fact is that Lopakhin in his activities is guided by personal benefits and considerations, and does not strive for the public good. Trofimov gives Lopakhin advice: “... so let me give you one piece of goodbye advice: don’t wave your arms! Get out of the habit of waving." Waving at Chekhov is thinking, imagining that everything can be bought and sold .... But at the same time, Lopakhin has a short line, a limited role in life, and then, if on a general scale, then in history. In a letter to V.I. Nemirovich - Danchenko Chekhov wrote: "Lopakhin - a white vest and yellow shoes, walks, waving his arms, striding broadly, thinks while walking, walks along the same line." In this contradiction, in my opinion, the whole of Lopakhin - swings widely, but walks in one line. No breadth, no depth, give this line a new life. But, despite this, I like the image of Lopakhin. No wonder Trofimov says about him "a delicate, tender soul." This is a well-known softness, kindness, lyricism, striving for beauty. He sympathizes with Ranevskaya, seeks to help her save the cherry orchard from sale, offers to borrow money, feels embarrassed that he has acquired a cherry orchard, can understand Ranevskaya, when selling the estate, he says with tears: “Oh, I wish all this would pass, I would rather somehow our awkward, unhappy life has changed. Lopakhin dreams of a heroic creative scope, saying that with vast forests, vast fields and the deepest horizons, people must be giants (here Lopakhin expresses the thought of Chekhov himself, expressed by him already in The Steppe). But instead of a gigantic scale, Lopakhin is acquiring a cherry orchard. The image of this character seems to me dramatic in the contradiction between the lyrical, subtle man with his dream of heroic scope and "walking along the same line", the pettiness of his deeds.
Thus, Lopakhin does not symbolize Chekhov's dream of a new life. Then maybe Petya Trofimov? He is a student, a commoner, the son of a pharmacist by birth, a democrat in his way of life and habits. He lives on the money that he receives from foreign transfers and from lessons, lives in a bathhouse with the Raevskys, so as not to embarrass them. It is he who pronounces phrases about a new, bright, future life. “Forward! We march irresistibly towards the bright star that burns far away! Forward! Keep up, friends! ”It seems to me a certain predestination, unnaturalness and special orientation of the image of Trofimov with ready-made views on life. All the phrases of the hero seem somewhat evaporated, pretentious. But Chekhov did not like pompous phrases and posturing. Anya dreams: “A new wonderful world will open before us,” and the hero is Petya Trofimov, a “shabby gentleman” and a “clunker”. And Chekhov himself polemically underestimates the image of Trofimov with incompetence, the comic of absurdities. If we compare the heroes of Turgenev, for example, Rudin with Trofimov, then after all, the first one, who, probably, ignited many human souls with his conversations, dies on the Parisian barricade, and the other just falls down the stairs and looks for his galoshes. It turns out that in Rakhmetov's way he is "above love." But Rakhmetov, after all, works, works, and Trofimov only calls for work and work for the good of society. The contradictory image of Trofimov is explained by the fact that for Chekhov the ways of restructuring society and those people who would bring future happiness were not clear. But by the very image of Petya Trofimov, Chekhov pointed out that those new social forces are emerging that will find the way to a new life, will show "others the way how to get there."
It seems to me that the person who can reach a new life is Anya. This is a charming, pure, sincere, cordial, brave girl with her directness. Anya was captured by Petya's romantic vague speeches about a new life, a future. Anya is the image of spring, the image of the future, the embodiment of Chekhov's dream. Someone said that "beauty must merge with truth - only then will it be true beauty." The image of Anya truly harmonizes with the poetic beauty of the cherry orchard. The Cherry Orchard for Anya is her childhood, the poetry of her life, and Petya can discard it as old, unsuitable and unnecessary. Anya, a subtle, lyrical soul, having taken all the spiritual values from the world of the past, is able to turn life around, although this is said without direct instructions from the author, to embark on the path of revolutionary struggle. The images of Anya and Nadia from the story "The Bride" merge together into the image of the bride - youth and struggle. And I want to say with him: “Farewell, old life. Hello new life!
P. S. Correct selection of material (images), knowledge of some historical and literary facts, which the author uses moderately. The merit of the work is the identification of the author's position in the play: we are talking not only about literary heroes, but also about Chekhov, which corresponds to the theme. The composition of the work is based on the comparison and opposition of the image of Lopakhin with the images of Petya Trofimov and Anya.
>Compositions based on The Cherry Orchard
hello new life
The play "The Cherry Orchard" was written by A.P. Chekhov during a period of significant changes in the social life of Russian society, namely at the very beginning of the twentieth century. There was hope in the air for the new life promised by the revolutionaries. This is the idea that the author wanted to convey to the readers. Not the last place in the theme of the work is the cherry orchard and its significance in the life of the nobles, who lived an entire era in several generations in the family estate. But now a new generation is creeping up, for which an ordinary cherry garden will not matter.
As the “eternal student” Petya Trofimov says, you need to be above love, above beauty, the main thing is not this. There is in the words of Chekhov, in my opinion, a certain irony. On the one hand, he undoubtedly supports new trends, and on the other hand, he nevertheless remains on the side of those nobles who did not agree to cut down their garden even for a decent income. Indeed, at the very beginning of the play, the newly-made merchant Yermolai Lopakhin suggested that Ranevskaya break the garden into plots and rent it to summer residents in order to improve their financial situation. However, to Lyubov Andreevna, such a proposal seems at least surprising, and, for the most part, insulting.
Lopakhin, in turn, from the new rich peasants, so to speak, "a man from the people." For him, the main thing is commercial interest and everything connected with money. Cherry trees do not seem interesting to him, since cherries now do not bring income, another thing is a poppy field. And such principled people as Gaev and Ranevskaya, who are ready to mortgage an entire estate for a garden, he considers frivolous and even strange. According to the plot, Lopakhin intends to propose to Varya, the adopted daughter of Ranevskaya, but he does not dare to take this step.
Another hero proclaiming a new life is Petya Trofimov, a student who, as Lyubov Andreevna notes, has noticeably grown ugly. He, in turn, blames Ranevskaya for her love for "a petty scoundrel and nonentity." Seventeen-year-old Anya is secretly in love with Petya. She listens to him in everything and catches every word. It is this hero who pronounces the phrase "all of Russia is our garden." He believes that in order to be happy in the present, one must redeem the obsessive past, even if through suffering and hard work. In people like Lopakhin, he sees the future of the country. Petya says about him, although he is a “predatory beast”, his soul is “tender, thin”.
"New Life" begins immediately after the sale of the cherry orchard. This event, albeit insignificant at first glance, radically changes the lives of all the main characters of the play. The author himself had a garden and knew what it was like to grow perennial trees. Perhaps that is why he was able to convey so subtly the full significance of an ordinary cherry orchard. As a result, Gaev became a bank employee, Ranevskaya returned to Paris, Varya, without receiving an offer from Lopakhin, got a job as a housekeeper to the Ragulins, the old
Essay on literature.
Here it is - an open secret, the secret of poetry, life, love!
I. S. Turgenev.
The play "The Cherry Orchard", written in 1903, is the last work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, completing his creative biography. In it, the author raises a number of problems characteristic of Russian literature: the problems of fathers and children, love and suffering. All this is united in the theme of the past, present and future of Russia.
The Cherry Orchard is the central image that unites the characters in time and space. For the landowner Ranevskaya and her brother Gaev, the garden is a family nest, an integral part of their memories. They seem to have grown together with this garden, without it they "do not understand their life." To save the estate, decisive action is needed, a change in lifestyle - otherwise the magnificent garden will go under the hammer. But Ranevskaya and Gaev are unaccustomed to any activity, impractical to the point of stupidity, unable to even seriously think about the impending threat. They betray the idea of a cherry orchard. For landlords, he is a symbol of the past. Firs, an old servant of Ranevskaya, also remains in the past. He considers the abolition of serfdom a misfortune, and he is attached to his former masters as to his own children. But those to whom he devotedly served all his life leave him to the mercy of fate. Forgotten and abandoned, Firs remains a monument of the past in a boarded up house.
The present time is represented by Ermolai Lopakhin. His father and grandfather were serfs of Ranevskaya, he himself became a successful merchant. Lopakhin looks at the garden from the point of view of the "circulation of the case." He sympathizes with Ranevskaya, while the cherry orchard itself is doomed to death in the plans of a practical entrepreneur. It is Lopakhin who brings the agony of the garden to its logical conclusion. The estate is divided into profitable summer cottages, and "you can only hear how far in the garden they knock on wood with an ax."
The future is personified by the younger generation: Petya Trofimov and Anya, Ranevskaya's daughter. Trofimov is a student who makes his way through life with difficulty. His life is not easy. When winter comes, he is "hungry, sick, anxious, poor." Petya is smart and honest, understands the difficult situation people live in, believes in a brighter future. “All Russia is our garden!” he exclaims.
Chekhov puts Petya in ridiculous situations, reducing his image to the extremely unheroic. Trofimov is a “shabby gentleman”, an “eternal student”, whom Lopakhin stops all the time with ironic remarks. But the student's thoughts and dreams are close to the author's. The writer, as it were, separates the word from its "carrier": the significance of what is said does not always coincide with the social significance of the "carrier".
Anna is seventeen years old. Youth for Chekhov is not only a sign of age. He wrote: "... that youth can be recognized as healthy, which does not put up with the old order and ... fights against them." Anya received the usual upbringing for nobles. Trofimov had a great influence on the formation of her views. In the character of the girl there is sincerity of feelings and mood, immediacy. Anya is ready to start a new life: to pass the exams for the gymnasium course and break ties with the past.
In the images of Anya Ranevskaya and Petya Trofimov, the author embodied all the best features inherent in the new generation. It is with their lives that Chekhov connects the future of Russia. They express the ideas and thoughts of the author himself. An ax is heard in the cherry orchard, but young people believe that the next generations will plant new orchards, more beautiful than the previous ones. The presence of these heroes enhances and strengthens the notes of vivacity sounding in the play, the motives of the future wonderful life. And it seems - not Trofimov, no, it was Chekhov who entered the stage. “Here it is, happiness, here it comes, coming closer and closer ... And if we don’t see it, don’t know it, then what’s the trouble? Others will see it!"
