From the eagle to uncle sam or the main state symbols of the united states. What is the symbol of the state
From the speech of the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko on August 23, 2014 in honor of the day of the national flag of Ukraine:
“A survey conducted on the eve of Independence Day showed that almost 95% of Ukrainians are proud of both the national flag and the national emblem ... Our flag is a living witness to victories and failures. Failures, without which, unfortunately, there is no war ... Our national flag is a password by which we know who is ours and who is a stranger "
I, too, use this "password" to determine "who is ours and who is a stranger." And in this regard, I want to offer you a short excursion into the history of national symbols modern Ukraine:
Swastika and trident - a sign of the middle of the 20s for the participants of the youth Ukrainian organization "Plast". In general, nothing criminal. As you know, it was used long before the Bolsheviks, and under the Bolsheviks, during the Civil War, it was used, for example, by the Kalmyk units.
Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky, one of those who supported Plast, donated funds for its development. Stepan Bandera, the future leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, was also a member of this organization.
Logo of the Union of Ukrainian Fascists, early 1920s.
"The Union of Ukrainian Fascists (SUF) is a nationalist organization created in Czechoslovakia by Ukrainian emigrants in the early 1920s. Leaders: Petr Kozhevnikov and Leonid Kostariv. On November 12, 1925, the SUF became a co-founder of the League of Ukrainian Nationalists (LUN), which served as the basis for the subsequent formation of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). In January 1929, P. Kozhevnikov participated in the Constituent Congress of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, at which the ideological, program and statutory foundations of the OUN were developed. He was elected a member of the OUN Wire, met with Mussolini. According to the OUN, P Kozhevnikov was executed by the OUN(b) during the fight against the OUN(m), as he was suspected of collaborating with German intelligence as a representative of the OUN(m) P. Kozhevnikov survived the assassination attempt, but was imprisoned in a Soviet prison after the war and then emigrated in Germany"
Medal "Union of Ukrainian Fascists"
Ring "Union of Ukrainian Fascists"
"For Ukraine". "Organ of the Ukrainian Fascist Movement (Movement)" (translation). May 1939
"Ukrainian Fascist Movement (Movement) - Ukrainian nationalist organization in Belgrade. She periodically collaborated with the OUN and stood in positions close to the nationalists. ... The organization, together with other Ukrainian organizations ("Enlightenment" and "Ukrainian Society") operated semi-legally in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the late 1930s"
Poems about love for Ukraine and " Appeal to the fascist brothers - members of the U.F.Z (Ukrainian Fascist Movement (Movement))"(translated from Ukrainian):
“My brothers, Fascists! At this moment all peoples are preparing for a fierce struggle for their existence, for their own to be or not to be.
Their struggle among themselves, we - the Nazis, must use! It will give us the opportunity to throw off the yoke of the oppressor!
The minute of this struggle is already approaching, and we all, as one, must take up a gun and with a formidable step stand up for the defense of our people, our state" (translated from Ukrainian).
The act of restoring the "Ukrainian state" signed by Yaroslav Stetsko
From the text of the document:
"3. Newly created Ukrainian State will work closely with the National Socialist Greater Germany, which, under the leadership of its Leader Adolf HITLER, creates a new order in Europe and in the world and helps the Ukrainian people to free themselves from the Moscow occupation.
The Ukrainian National Revolutionary Army, which is being created on Ukrainian soil, will continue to fight together with the ALLIED GERMAN ARMY against the Moscow occupation for a Sovereign Cathedral State and a new order throughout the world.
Long live the Sovereign Cathedral Ukrainian State! Long live the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Long live the head of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian People STEPAN BANDERA!
GLORY TO UKRAINE!"
"Let the Ukrainian state live" ... and German officers on the podium. It is noteworthy that on the one hand, the yellow-blue Ukrainian banner, and on the other, the Nazi
To the photo above
Where does the coat of arms of Ukraine come from. Occupational newspaper "Snezhnyansky Herald". 04/12/1942
"Ukrainian word" about the abolition of the collective farm system
Trident and swastika. "Thanks to the Fuhrer of Greater Germany." Lviv
Trident and swastika
SS, trident, Galician lion. Volunteers of the SS division "Galicia"
During one of the parades in honor of the SS division "Galicia" (,). The trident and the swastika are separated by the Galician lion
Galician lion, Nazi swastika and flag of national colors
Used April 28, 1943 in Lvov at the parade
Volunteers of the SS division "Galicia". Trident and Nazi symbols
The now popular slogan "Glory to Ukraine" was also popular with future SS-mans from the "Galicia" division, and among Bandera from the UPA ...
Fighters for independence and "victors of Nazism" from the SS division "Galicia". They swore on the banner with a trident
Well ... and with a swastika too ...
National symbols. SS division "Galicia". January 1945
Courses for UVV propagandists (Ukrainian Vizvolne Viysko (Ukrainian Liberation Army - translation *)). Swastika, trident, photo of the Fuhrer
These are the "pioneers" from the UVV. Great admirers of national symbols!
Ukrainians (Ukr Luft Flak)
To the photo above
Sleeve patch for officers of the 201st Schutzmannschaft Battalion
Badge of Ukrainian policemen in the General Government (in August 1941, the lands of Galicia (District Galicia with a center in Lvov (Lemberg)) were included in the General Government)
From the "noise" battalion. In short, the police...
"Hundred UVV (Ukrainian Liberation Army - approx. *), formed under the tank group of General von Kleist. 1942."
On the sleeves they have a bandage with national colors - yellow and blue.
"Motorized column of the Ukrainian Vizvolny Viysk, Skhidna Prussia"
Motorized column of the Ukrainian Liberation Army, East Prussia (translation)
Yellow and blue banner with painted Nazi swastika
Flak helper armband UKRAINE (volunteer helpers of the Luftwaffe)
Oath of the Luftwaffe Volunteers. 1944
UNAC SS. This is what they dream about now!
"Ukrainian police". Lviv
"Ukrainian police". Lvov pogrom of 1941
To the photo above
Another Lviv "policeman" and participant in the Lviv pogrom of 1941.
To the photo above. The arrow marks the "policeman" from the certificate
Another Lviv "policeman"
Taras Shevchenko between a swastika and a trident
Near
Members of the editorial board of the occupation Kharkov newspaper "Novaya Ukraina". "Patriots" against the background of the national coat of arms
And this is the New Ukraine newspaper itself, which was made by the "patriots" I am the photo above
When the Third Reich lived out its last days, the organ of the "Ukrainian Armed Forces" continued to broadcast about its close victory:
The newspaper "Trident" dated April 26, 1945. Headline: "In this hour of decisions, the genius of A. Hitler will win"
The newspaper "Trident" dated April 26, 1945. The title of one of the headlines: "Victory will be won. Dr. Goebbels about the current situation"
Photos of the newspaper "Trident" provided poltora_bobra
Something interesting from the history of the trident:
Tryzub used the NTS - the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarists. A bunch of various emigrant rabble, whose goal was to fight for the overthrow of the communist system in the USSR. Members of the organization collaborated with Vlasov
NTS press organ (post-war)
Khazar tamga. Addressing those who like to call Russia the Horde: "Well, what do you say, Horde?"
Here is the national flag and the national emblem of Ukraine! Here are those who, under this flag and coat of arms, "fought for independence"! Do you consider yourself worthy successors of their "struggle", their "ideals"? But not me! I am the grandson of a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, and my grandfather fought under a different flag and emblem for the independence of my great motherland. But this did not prevent him from being Ukrainian and from loving Ukraine. I am also Ukrainian and love Ukraine, but not the Ukraine of Bandera and Hauptmann Shukhevych, not the Ukraine of the SS division "Galicia", the battalions "Roland" and "Nachtigal", not the Ukraine of the Schutzmanns from the 118th and other Schutzmannschaftbattalions. Not Ukraine, with "heroes" with a Nazi flavor, both past and present. This is not my Ukraine!
And yet, Polish blood flows in my veins. Ancestors, on the mother's side, were from Poland. My grandfather, a front-line soldier, prayed in Polish all his life. So he was taught in childhood, so he died. An Orthodox Ukrainian reading prayers in Polish. ... I will never forgive the Volyn massacre to the Bandera creatures! And, as a Pole, and as an Orthodox Ukrainian!
Is there anything to be proud of?
... I will never celebrate under the symbols of ss-mans and policemen ...
Free Powerpoint Templates Animals national symbols of the countries of the world MKOU Troitsko-Sungurskaya secondary school
Animals as symbols In most states, representatives of the fauna become national symbols. The fact is that in ancient times, many settlements had their own animal totems, and in our century, old beliefs migrated in a transformed form. There are well-known examples, it is known that most people identify Spain with a bull, Australia with a kangaroo, and Russia with a bear. But not all countries are so simple. For example, which animals belong to Croatia or Venezuela? Let's take a short tour of the zoological map of the world.
The symbol of Russia is the brown bear. The brown bear is one of the largest and most dangerous land predators. As a symbol of Russia, the bear appeared in the West in the 18th century. Western countries have claimed that Russia is a "big, clumsy and cruel" country.
The symbol of China is the panda. Literally translated from Chinese, "panda" means "bear-cat", which fully justifies his image. These miracle animals used to inhabit the entire East Asia, but now, their habitat has been significantly reduced., And the species itself has been listed in the Red Book.
The symbol of Australia is the kangaroo. His image today adorns the passports of Australians. According to legend, it was this animal that was first seen by the expedition of Captain Cook, who discovered the continent.
The symbol of France is the rooster. According to the official version, the rooster became a symbol of France because the French consider themselves descendants of the Gauls, and from Latin "Gauls" and "roosters" sound the same - galli.
The symbol of Canada is the beaver. In the 17th and 18th centuries, beaver fur hats came into fashion in Europe. And on the territory of Canada lived a huge number of beavers. They began to hunt, and, thanks to this, a large part of Canada was discovered and explored. Here is such a historical incident, because of which the beaver became a symbol of the state.
The symbol of England is the lion. It is one of the oldest and most popular heraldic symbols. In England, even King Henry I (1070-1135) used a lion in the ornament of his shield.
The elephant is the symbol of Thailand. It personifies good luck, strength and wisdom. Its image is found in Buddhist temples, on coins, royal symbols. Previously, the image of a white elephant adorned the Thai national flag.
The symbol of Mongolia is the horse. It is a symbol of courage and grace. One of the main friends and helpers of man. In heraldic symbolism, the horse combines the courage of a lion, the vision of an eagle, the strength of an ox, the speed of a deer and the dexterity of a fox.
Symbol of Norway, Finland, Sweden - elk. For a long time, man worshiped the elk. According to legend, the hero Main, the guardian spirit of the change of day and night, on winged skis bravely rushed in pursuit of a space alien elk that stole the sun, overtook him and returned the day to people.
The symbol of India is the Bengal tiger. He is the hero of myths and legends, but now the question is that he himself does not become a myth and legend. As a result of sport hunting, collecting trophies and tiger skins, the tiger has become an endangered species.
The symbol of the United States is the bald eagle. This emblem was selected because this species of eagle is found only in the North. America. The eagle has become a living symbol of US freedoms, spirit and excellence.
The symbol of Columbus II is the Andean condor. It is the largest and most majestic bird of all that crosses the sky of the Andes. He was given the nickname - the eternal bird. Inhabits the highest and most inaccessible heights of the Cordillera Andes.
The symbol of Madagascar is the zebu (humped cow). According to popular beliefs, the dignity of a deity is embodied in the image of this animal, indissoluble bond with ancestors, the fertility of the land and the continuation of the human race.
The symbol of the Congo is the okapi (forest giraffe). Its population is limited, found in a small area. It is endemic to this country.
The symbol of New Zealand is the kiwi. A unique species found only in New Zealand, first seen by Cook. This fluffy "chicken" is depicted on banknotes, a famous fruit is named after her.
The symbol of the United Arab Emirates is the hawk. It is a symbol of cruelty, assertiveness, viciousness and recklessness, reflects the specifics of this country.
The symbol of Kazakhstan is the snow leopard. The irbis is present in the heraldry of Kazakhstan as a state symbol, embodying the power and greatness of the country.
The symbol of Switzerland is the cow. At the Zurich airport, bells chime and lingering bellows sound - a kind of greeting for guests. And next, of course, cows are the main producers of milk, from which cheeses and chocolate are made, for which Switzerland is so famous.
The symbol of Poland is the bison. The largest population of this endangered species lives on the territory of Belovezhskaya Pushcha. This animal in Polish culture has become so merged with the concept of national self-identification that it is reflected even in the names of people: Zubr, Zubrovsky, Zubritsky.
The symbol of Bolivia is the alpaca, depicted on the coat of arms of the country. These animals live high in the mountains and perfectly endure harsh climatic conditions due to their fur. Alpaca wool is highly valued.
The symbol of Japan is the Japanese pheasant. The reason for choosing a pheasant is that it is characteristic of Japanese landscapes and often appears in folk tales, thus being, as it were, an integral part of Japanese culture.
The symbol of Germany is the white-tailed eagle. The German eagle is actually the Roman eagle. It was Charlemagne who, in 800, restored the fundamental symbol of the eagle, making it the emblem of his state.
The symbol of Belarus is the stork. It symbolizes national purity and originality.
The symbol of Lapland is the reindeer. It is a semi-domestic animal living in the northernmost part of Europe. It is an important part of Lapland tourism and the best helper of Santa Claus.
SYMBOLS OF THE CIS COUNTRIES
The state symbols of any country include the state emblem, flag and anthem. They are also in our country. They are needed as an embodiment of its history, as well as an expression of the patriotism of its citizens, its designation in the world, its visual and sound image.
That is why the attitude towards the coat of arms, the flag and the anthem is the attitude towards the state itself.
Inhabitants different countries are rightfully proud of their state symbols.
It is a rectangular panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the top one is white, the middle one is blue and the bottom one is red.
The colors of the flag are deep meaning. White symbolizes peace, purity, truth, purity, imperishable perfection. Blue symbolizes faith and fidelity, constancy. Red is a symbol of energy, strength, blood shed for the Fatherland. Therefore, these colors are both official, state and folk, national.
The national flag of the Russian Federation is constantly raised on the buildings of the authorities of our country. It is displayed on public holidays and solemn ceremonies. It also rises on the buildings of Russian diplomatic missions abroad.
As a stern flag, it flies on the masts of Russian ships. Three-color images of the flag are applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and to its spacecraft.
The flag indicates belonging to Russia, designates its territory, confirms the state functions of those bodies over whose buildings it flies.
The national flag is also raised during official ceremonies and celebrations. Every day it rises at the place of permanent residence of Russian military units.
On days of national mourning, the flag is lowered or a black ribbon is attached to the top of the flagpole. This testifies to the sorrow of the entire state, of the entire people.
The flag is our sacred object, and we must treat it with respect and reverence.
The Presidential Decree established the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation, which is usually celebrated annually on August 22.
Russian anthem
Word anthem Greek origin. IN " explanatory dictionary Russian language" this word is explained as "a solemn song, adopted as a symbol of state or social unity. Praise song."
The national anthem of Russia to music and words is valid in our country from January 1, 2001.
Russia is our sacred power,
Russia is our beloved country.
Mighty will, great glory -
Yours forever!
Chorus: Be glorified, our free Fatherland,
Fraternal peoples age-old union,
Ancestors given the wisdom of the people!
Hail country! We are proud of you!
From the southern seas to the polar region
Our forests and fields are spread out.
You are the only one in the world! One you are -
Protected by God native land!
Wide scope for dreams and for life
The coming years open up to us.
Our loyalty to the Motherland gives us strength.
It was. So it is and so it will always be!
The procedure for the official use of the national anthem is established by a special law.
The anthem must be performed in strict accordance with the approved musical edition and text.
It sounds on especially solemn occasions: the inauguration of the heads of state, ceremonies of meetings and seeing off representatives of foreign states, conducting military rituals, and so on.
The national anthem is one of the main symbols of the country, so its performance is accompanied by signs of the highest respect - all those present stand up, and the military salute or salute with weapons.
In international life, the performance of the anthem of another country means an expression of respect for its representatives.
Today, the anthem is the same attribute of the state, a reflection of its history and a sign of sovereignty, like the coat of arms and the flag.
The anthem is the official state symbol. He is, as it were, the musical and poetic embodiment of the country and its people, and therefore there should be the most respectful attitude towards him.
Azerbaijan
The capital is the city of Baku
Population - over 8 million people
Each country has its own national plant and its own national flower. It partly reflects the culture and tells about the history of the state, presenting it to the outside world.
The concept of "national flower" is very ancient: it originated before the state flags were established in most countries. Then the national flower played still big role, being a symbol, distinguishing sign for certain people. But even now flowers have not completely lost their roles in international arena and are often the "logos" of their countries.
Here are some "national flowers".
There lived an old poor woman in China with her son. They endured hardship and deprivation. One day the mother scraped together a handful of rice to cook her son's dinner. Suddenly a traveler knocked on the door and asked for food. The kind woman gave him the last rice and cried - now she had nothing to feed her son. This traveler was a water god. He decided to thank the woman and rushed into the pond, located nearby. And in the morning a delicate flower grew by the pond. Since then, the daffodil has been a symbol of gratitude in China.
Narcissus blooms during the Chinese New Year, so in China it has become a symbol of joy, good luck and happy marriage. His presence is mandatory in every home on New Year's holiday.
In Christian symbolism, a red rose was a symbol of martyrdom, while a white rose was a symbol of innocence. There is an order of the Knights of the Rose and Cross, and the war of the Yorks and Lancasters of 1455-1485. was called the War of the Scarlet and White Roses.
Two states at once chose the Tulip as their national plant - Türkiye and the Netherlands.
Despite the fact that today the tulip is the symbol of the Netherlands, its homeland lies thousands of miles away, far to the east. For the first time, the beauty of tulips was appreciated in Turkey.
Even the name of this flower "tulip" comes from the Turkish word, which in translation means "turban", "turban".
It used to grow only in the gardens of the very wealthy people of the East. But then the travelers brought this flower to Europe, where they loved it so much that they began to appreciate its weight in gold. The prices for these flowers were simply astronomical. For example, one bulb of a rare variety could buy a house in Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. The country of tulips is called the state of the Netherlands, because the gardeners of this country. produce the finest tulips in the world.
The tulip appeared here only in 1634, and at first its cultivation was of a completely commercial nature. Noticing the passion for this flower of the Germans and other peoples, the prudent Dutch began to breed it in as much as possible. more new varieties, and the trade in its bulbs turned out to be so profitable that even people who had very little to do with gardening soon began to engage in it, almost the entire population began to engage in it.
One passionate lover purchased for huge price the only, according to the seller, copy of the tulip, and, returning home, he learned that another similar copy still exists in Haarlem. Beside himself with grief, he hurries to Haarlem, buys this second copy for crazy money, throws it on the ground and, trampling it with his feet, exclaims triumphantly: “Well, now my tulip is the only one in the world!”
The Dutch princess Juliana once presented Ottawa (Canada) with one hundred thousand bulbs of this flower as a token of gratitude for the fact that during the Second World War the royal family of the Netherlands took refuge in the capital of Canada. And also in recognition of the merits of this country in the liberation of its homeland.
A hundred years ago, cornflower necessarily accompanied the magnificent feasts of the Germans. This flower was the favorite flower of Emperor Wilhelm I and his mother, Queen Louise. There are many stories that the cornflower was a happy omen for the royal Prussian house.
Here is one of them.
They say that at one court ball given involuntarily by the unfortunate royal couple to Emperor Napoleon and his generals, Queen Louise appeared without any precious jewelry, only with a wreath of cornflowers on her head. And when the French began to make jokes about this, the queen remarked: “Yes, gentlemen, all our precious things are partly looted, partly sold, in order to help the needs of our devastated country in any way; and our fields are so trampled by you that even a wild flower is now a great rarity.
The winners could not find what to answer to this, and fell silent. Many years passed, and Queen Louise's premonitions came true. Cornflower did not deceive her. The royal family, which was in exile and oppression, was restored in its rights, and Princess Charlotte, having married Emperor Nicholas I, from a small, insignificant princess became a powerful All-Russian Empress.
And so, when the empress, many years later, once passed through Koenigsberg, the inhabitants of this city, wanting to please her and remind her of the time she lived in its vicinity, arranged for her a solemn meeting, in which cornflowers played an outstanding role. The most beautiful of the girls brought her a wonderful basket of these flowers, and the rest threw cornflowers on the ground and littered her path with them. The Empress was moved to tears by this cordial reception and expressed her deep gratitude for the fact that the Königsbergers chose a cornflower so dear to her for her meeting.
orchid blossoms all year round, therefore, was chosen by many countries as a symbol of the desire of the country's inhabitants for development.
The prickly thistle is very revered by the Scots. This plant is told in an old Scottish legend. Once an army of Danes secretly approached the castle where the Scottish kings lived. The Danish warriors took off their shoes so that none of the sentries could hear them. BUT in the darkness someone stepped on a thistle flower and screamed in pain. An alarm immediately arose in the castle, and the Scots defeated the enemy. Since then, the thistle has become a symbol of Scotland.
Its image is sacred, and according to state laws, only members of the imperial house enjoy the right to wear matter with its design. The rest, in case of violation of this law, are punishable by death. Any attempt to depict this emblem of the Japanese empire and the symbol of imperial power is also punishable by death, and therefore the Japanese government sometimes even resorts to depicting it to prevent the counterfeiting of government banknotes.
The reason for such a high veneration by the Japanese of this flower is best explained by its very name: "kiku" (sun). He is their symbol of this luminary.
Among the peoples of the mountains, the edelweiss flower is a symbol of happiness and love, and there is even a very beautiful and sad legend about its origin. The ardent hearts of two lovers could not live without each other. But fate decreed otherwise - they had to part forever. The thought of the impending separation filled both of them with horror. The only way, as it seemed to them, to stay together forever is to die. A young man and a girl decided to die together by throwing themselves off a cliff than to live without each other. After their death, the rocks hid themselves as a sign of the solemn and sad victory of love over fate with the snow-white flowers of edelweiss...
Another legend tells how one hard-hearted beauty announced that she would marry only the one who would give her a bouquet of edelweiss. One by one, the young men went to the mountains for flowers and returned with nothing. But the beauty insisted on her own. A few years later, she received - after all, her bouquet of edelweiss from a young man, but he refused to marry her, because he saw an aged woman in front of him. Today, during the celebration of St. Patrick's Day, the shamrock is attached to clothing. But this did not happen right away. This custom was first mentioned in 1689. Until this year, the Irish wore St. Patrick's crosses on their chests. Until the 18th century, the custom of wearing a shamrock was considered vulgar. But gradually, as a result of the eventful history of the Irish people, the shamrock became a symbol of love of freedom and rebellious spirit.
The ancient Egyptians, noticing that this flower floated on the water and blossomed at sunset, and closed and plunged into it at sunrise, suggested that this phenomenon had some mysterious connection with the movement of heavenly bodies. This mysterious connection between lotus flowers and luminaries prompted the Egyptians to dedicate it to the sun god Osiris. As a result, Osiris was depicted with a lotus flower on his head. Lotus also decorated the heads and priests of these gods. In the same way, the kings of Egypt, as a sign of their divine origin, put these flowers on their heads, as well as the very emblem of their power - the royal scepter - was depicted in the form of a lotus flower with a stem. Finally, he was depicted, now in a bud, then blossoming, and on the state coin.
Symbols are the most international and timeless language. We see them every day and roughly know what they mean. However, symbols in the course of their thousand-year history could change their meaning to the opposite.
Yin Yang
Appearance time: According to the well-known Russian orientalist, Doctor of Historical Sciences Alexei Maslov, the yin-yang symbolism was probably borrowed by the Taoists from Buddhists in the 1st-3rd centuries: “they were attracted by Buddhist drawn symbols - and Taoism had its own“ mandala ”: the famous black and white“ fish "yin and yang".
Where used: The concept of yin-yang is the key to Taoism and Confucianism, the doctrine of yin-yang is one of the foundations of traditional Chinese medicine.
Values: In the Book of Changes, yang and yin were used to express light and dark, hard and soft. In the process of development of Chinese philosophy, yang and yin increasingly symbolized the interaction of extreme opposites: light and dark, day and night, sun and moon, sky and earth, heat and cold, positive and negative, even and odd, and so on.
Initially, "yin" meant "northern, shady", and "yang" - "southern, sunny slope of the mountain." Later, "yin" was perceived as negative, cold, dark and feminine, and "yang" as positive, bright, warm and masculine.
Being the main (fundamental) model of everything that exists, the concept of yin-yang reveals two provisions that explain the nature of Tao. First, everything is constantly changing. Secondly, opposites complement each other (there can be no black without white, and vice versa). aim human existence thus is the balance and harmony of opposites. There can be no "final victory" because there is nothing final, there is no end as such
Magen David
Appearance time: It is authentically known that the hexagram was widely used in the Bronze Age (end of IV-beginning of III millennium BC) on a vast territory: from India to the Middle East.
Where used: IN ancient india the hexagram was called Anahata or Anahata-chakra. The six-pointed star was known in the ancient Near and Middle East. In the Islamic tradition, in Mecca, the main Muslim shrine - the Kaaba - is traditionally covered with a silk coverlet, which depicts hexagonal stars.
They began to associate the six-pointed star with Jewry only in the Middle Ages, and in medieval Arabic books the hexagram is found much more often than in Jewish mystical works, and for the first time images of the hexagram appear in Jewish sacred books in Muslim countries, only in the XIII century reaching Germany. The six-pointed star is found on the flags of the Muslim states of Karaman and Kandara.
There is an assumption that the hexagram was a family symbol of the family of David al-Roi, who lived in Iran, one of the contenders for the role of Mashiach. This is sometimes used to explain the origin of the accepted name of the hexagram: Magen David, or "David's shield".
The Rothschild family, having received title of nobility, included Magen David in his family coat of arms. Heinrich Heine put a hexagram instead of a signature under his newspaper articles. Subsequently, it was adopted as a symbol of the Zionist movement.
Values: In India, the Anahata hexagram symbolized the attic chakra, the intersection of the male (Shiva) and female (Shakti) principles. In the Middle and Near East, the hexagram was a symbol of the goddess Astarte. The six-pointed star is included in the symbolism of Kabbalah: two triangles superimposed on each other are considered as a visual symbol of the Sefirot.
In the twenties of the twentieth century, Franz Rosenzweig interpreted Magen David as a symbolic expression of his philosophical ideas about the meaning of Judaism and the relationship between Gd, man and the universe.
The connection of the six-pointed star with the Jews was finally established as a result of Nazi policy in Germany. Yellow Magen David has become a symbol of the Holocaust.
Caduceus
Appearance time: The exact time of appearance of the caduceus is unknown. Obviously, this is a very ancient symbol. It is also found on the monuments of Ancient India and Ancient Egypt, Phoenicia and Sumer, Ancient Greece, Iran, Rome and even Mesoamerica.
Where used: Caduceus - and today one of the most common symbols in heraldry. In the form of a caduceus, there was a rod of heralds among the Greeks and Romans (the rod of Hermes). When they were sent to the enemy camp, the caduceus was a guarantee of their immunity.
In the occult, the caduceus is considered a symbol of the key that opens the limit between darkness and light, good and evil, life and death.
Since the 19th century, the image of the caduceus has often been used in a number of countries (for example, in the USA) as a symbol of medicine, which is the result of a common mistake due to its resemblance to the staff of Asclepius.
The image of the caduceus as an attribute of the god of commerce is traditionally used in the symbols of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry in a number of countries around the world, including Russia.
Before the revolution and in several periods after it, crossed caduceuses were used as a customs emblem.
Today, the caduceus, crossed with a torch, is included in the emblem of the Federal Customs Service and is one of the heraldic symbols of arbitration courts, the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation and the State Tax Service of Ukraine. Since September 2007, the caduceus has been used in the emblem of the Russian Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund.
In heraldry, the caduceus was used in the historical coats of arms of the following cities Russian Empire: Balty, Verkhneudinsk, Yeniseisk, Irbit, Nezhin, Taganrog, Telshev, Tiflis, Ulan-Ude, Feodosia, Kharkov, Berdichev, Talny.
Meaning: The stem of the caduceus is symbolically connected with the tree of life, the axis of the world, and the snakes are with the cyclical rebirth of Nature, with the restoration of the universal Order when it is violated.
The snakes on the caduceus indicate a hidden dynamic in what is outwardly stable, they symbolize two multidirectional flows (up and down), the connection of heaven and earth, God and man (the wings on the caduceus also indicate the connection of heaven and earth, spiritual and material) - everything that is born on earth comes from heaven and, after going through the path of trials and suffering, gains life experience, must rise to heaven.
It is said about Mercury that with his staff - which has since been considered a symbol of peace, harmony - he separated two fighting snakes. Fighting snakes are a mess, chaos, they need to be divided, that is, to distinguish, see opposites and unite, overcome them. Then, having united, they will balance the Axis of the world, and around it from Chaos the Cosmos, harmony will be created. Truth is one, and in order to arrive at it, one must follow the straight road, which is symbolized by the axis of the caduceus.
Caduceus in the Vedic tradition is also interpreted as a symbol of Serpent Fire, or Kundalini. Wrapping around the central axis, the snakes are connected at seven points, they are associated with the chakras. Kundalini, Serpent Fire, sleeps in the base chakra, and when it wakes up as a result of evolution, it ascends along the spine along three paths: the central one, Shushumna, and two side ones, which form two intersecting spirals - Pingala (this is the right, masculine and active, spiral) and Ide (left, female and passive).
chrism
Appearance time: It is not known for certain, but researchers suggest that even during the life of the apostles, that is, in the 1st century. This symbol has been found in Christian tombs since the 3rd century AD.
Where used: The most famous use of the symbol is on the labarum, the state banner of imperial Rome. The symbol was first introduced by Emperor Constantine the Great after he saw the sign of the cross in the sky on the eve of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312).
The labarum of Constantine had a chrysm at the end of the shaft, and on the very cloth there was an inscription: lat. Hoc vince The first mention of the labarum is found in Lactantius (d. c. 320).
Values: Chrism is a monogram of the name of Christ, which consists of two initial Greek letters of the name (Greek ΧΡΙΣΤΌΣ) - Χ (chi) and Ρ (ro), crossed with each other. Along the edges of the monogram is often placed Greek lettersα and ω. They go back to the text of the Apocalypse: "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, says the Lord, who is and was and is to come, the Almighty."
A number of later researchers saw in the letters P and X, enclosed in a circle, the ancient pagan symbol of the Sun. For this reason, Protestants, as a rule, do not recognize the labarum as an original Christian symbol.
Appearance time: The symbol itself appeared during the formation of the syllabic alphabet of the Devanagari script (“divine city letter”), that is, in the VIII-XII centuries.
Where used: "Om" as a symbol denoting sacred sound"Om" is used in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vishnuism, yogic practices. Currently, "Om" has already become part of pop culture, it is applied as a print on clothes, tattoos are made. "Om" is depicted on George Harrison's albums, the mantra "Om" sounds in the refrain of the composition bands The Beatles "Across the Universe" and on the soundtrack to the film "The Matrix" in the composition Juno Reactor "Navras"
Values: In the Hindu and Vedic tradition, "Om" is a sacred sound, the original mantra, the "word of power." Often interpreted as a symbol of the divine triad of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
In Hinduism, "Om" symbolizes the three sacred texts of the Vedas: Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, in itself is a sacred mantra from the very beginning, symbolizing Brahman. Its three components (A, U, M) traditionally symbolize Creation, Maintenance and Destruction - the categories of the cosmogony of the Vedas and Hinduism.
In Buddhism, the three sounds of the word "Om" can represent the Body, Speech and Mind of the Buddha, the Three Bodies of the Buddha (Dharmakaya, Sambhogakaya, Nirmanakaya) and the three jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha). However, the buddhologist Yevgeny Torchinov noted that the syllable "Om" and similar syllables ("hum", "ah", "hri", "e-ma-ho") "do not have any dictionary meaning" and pointed out that these syllables, unlike from other syllables of mantras represent "sacred untranslatability" in the Mahayana tradition.
Ichthys
Time and place of origin: Images of the acronym ΙΧΘΥΣ (from the Greek. Jesus Christ the Son of God the Savior) or the fish symbolizing it first appear in the Roman catacombs in the 2nd century. About widespread use given symbol testifies to the mention of it by Tertullian at the beginning of the 3rd century: “We are small fish, led by our ikhthus, we are born in the water and can only be saved by being in the water.”
Where used: The acronym Ichthys began to be used by the first Christians, since the images of Christ were unacceptable due to persecution.
Values: The symbolism of the fish was associated in the New Testament with the preaching of the apostles, some of whom were fishermen. Jesus Christ in the Gospel of Matthew called his disciples "fishers of men", and the Kingdom of Heaven likened "a net thrown into the sea and capturing fish of every kind." Ichthys was also associated with Alpha from the words of Jesus Christ: "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last."
At the end of the 20th century, ichthys became a popular symbol among Protestants in different countries, and opponents of creationism began to parody this sign by sticking a fish sign with the word "Darwin" and small legs on their cars.
Chalice of Hygiea
Time and place of origin: Ancient Greece. III-I millennium BC
Where used: Hygiea in Greek mythology was the goddess of health, daughter or wife of the god of healing Asclepius. From her name came the word "hygiene". Often she was depicted as a young woman feeding a snake from a phial bowl. In Greek mythology, the snake was also a symbol of the goddess Athena, who was often depicted as Hygea and vice versa.
Values: In ancient Greece, Hygiea personified the principle of a just war for health as light and harmony on all planes. And if Asclepius began to act when the order was violated, then Hygieia maintained the order-law that reigns initially.
The snake in ancient traditions symbolized death and immortality, good and evil. They were personified by her forked tongue, and the poisonousness of her bites, along with the healing effect of the poison, and the ability to hypnotize small animals and birds.
The snake was depicted on the first-aid kit of a Roman military doctor. In the Middle Ages, the combination of images of a snake and a bowl on the emblem was used by pharmacists Italian city Padua, and later this private pharmaceutical symbol turned into a generally accepted medical sign.
A bowl with a snake in our time is considered a symbol of medicine and pharmacy. However, in the history of medicine in different countries, a snake wrapped around a staff was more often considered the emblem of healing. This image was adopted in the middle of the WHO at the UN at the First World Assembly in Geneva in 1948. Then the international health emblem was approved, in the center of which is placed a staff entwined with a snake.
Rose of Wind
Date of occurrence: The first mention is in 1300 AD, but scientists are sure that the symbol is older.
Where used: Initially, the wind rose was used by the sailors of the Northern Hemisphere.
Meaning: The wind rose is a vector symbol invented in the Middle Ages to help sailors. The wind rose or compass rose also symbolizes the four cardinal directions along with intermediate directions. Thus, she shares symbolic meaning circle, center, cross and rays of the sun wheel. In the XVIII - XX centuries, sailors stuffed tattoos depicting a wind rose as a talisman. They believed that such a talisman would help them return home. Nowadays, the wind rose is perceived as a symbol of a guiding star.
Wheel with 8 spokes
Date of occurrence: about 2000 BC
Where used: Egypt, Middle East, Asia.
Meaning: The wheel is a symbol of the sun, a symbol of cosmic energy. In almost all pagan cults, the wheel was an attribute of the solar gods, it symbolized life cycle, constant rebirth and renewal.
In modern Hinduism, the wheel means endless perfect completion. In Buddhism, the wheel symbolizes the eightfold path of salvation, the cosmos, the wheel of samsara, the symmetry and perfection of dharma, the dynamics of peaceful change, time and destiny.
There is also the concept of "wheel of fortune", which means a series of ups and downs, the unpredictability of fate. In Germany in the Middle Ages, an 8-spoke wheel was associated with Ahtwen, a magical rune spell. In the time of Dante, the Wheel of Fortune was depicted with 8 spokes of opposite sides. human life, periodically repeating: poverty-wealth, war-peace, obscurity-glory, patience-passion. The Wheel of Fortune is included in the Major Arcana of the Tarot, often with an ascending and falling figure, like the wheel described by Boethius. The Wheel of Fortune tarot card continues to depict these figures.
Ouroboros
Date of occurrence: the first images of the ouroboros date back to 4200 BC, but historians believe that the symbol itself arose much earlier.
Where used: Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Mesoamerica, Scandinavia, India, China.
Meaning: Ouroboros is a serpent devouring its own tail, a symbol of eternity and infinity, as well as the cyclical nature of life, the alternation of life and death. This is how the ouroboros was perceived in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece.
In Christianity, the symbol changed its meaning, since in the Old Testament the snake symbolized evil. Thus, the ancient Jews established an equal sign between the ouroboros and the serpent from the Bible. In Gnosticism, the ouroboros personifies both good and evil at the same time.
Hammer and sickle
Date of occurrence: in the state heraldry - 1918.
Where used: USSR and various communist parties of the world
Meaning: The hammer has been a craft emblem since the Middle Ages. In the second half of the 19th century, the hammer became a symbol of the European proletariat. In Russian heraldry, the sickle meant harvest and harvest, and was often used in the coats of arms of various cities. But since 1918, these two signs have been combined into one, acquiring new meaning. The hammer and sickle became a symbol of the ruling working class, the union of workers and peasants.
The moment of the creation of the symbol was described by Sergey Gerasimov, the author of the famous painting “Mother of the Partisan”, as follows: “Yevgeny Kamzolkin, standing next to me, thoughtfully said: - What if we try such symbolism? - At the same time, he began to walk on the canvas. - This is how to depict a sickle - it will be the peasantry, and inside the hammer - it will be the working class.
On the same day, the sickle and hammer were sent from Zamoskvorechye to the Moscow City Council, and all other sketches were rejected there: a hammer with an anvil, a plow with a sword, a scythe with a wrench. Further, this symbol was transferred to the state emblem Soviet Union, and the name of the artist was forgotten on long years. They remembered him only in the post-war period. Evgeny Kamzolkin lived a quiet life in Pushkino and did not claim royalties for such a quoted symbol.
Lily
Date of occurrence: in heraldry, the lily has been used since 496 AD.
Where used: European countries, especially France.
Meaning: According to legend, the king of the Franks Clovis was given a golden lily by an angel after he converted to Christianity. But lilies became an object of reverence much earlier. The Egyptians considered them a symbol of purity and innocence. In Germany, they believed that the lily symbolizes the afterlife and the atonement of sins. In Europe, before the Renaissance, the lily was a sign of mercy, justice and compassion. She was considered a royal flower. Today, the lily is a well-established sign in heraldry.
Recent research has shown that the fleur-de-lis, in its classic form, is actually a stylized image of the iris.
Crescent
Date of occurrence: approximately 3500 BC
Where used: crescent crescent was an attribute of almost all lunar deities. It was distributed in Egypt, Greece, Sumer, India, Byzantium. After the conquest of Constantinople by the Muslims, the crescent became strongly associated with Islam.
Meaning: In many religions, the crescent moon symbolizes constant rebirth and immortality. Christians revered the crescent as a sign of the Virgin Mary, and in Western Asia they believed that the crescent of the moon is a sign of cosmic forces. In Hinduism, the crescent was considered a symbol of mind control, and in Islam - divine patronage, growth and rebirth. The crescent with a star meant heaven.
double headed eagle
Date of occurrence: 4000-3000 BC
Where used: Sumer, Hittite kingdom, Eurasia.
Meaning: In Sumer, the double-headed eagle had religious significance. He was a solar symbol - one of the images of the sun. Approximately from the XIII century BC. e. the double-headed eagle was used by various countries and principalities as a coat of arms. The double-headed eagle was minted on the coins of the Golden Horde; in Byzantium, it was a symbol of the Palaiologos dynasty, which ruled from 1261 to 1453. The double-headed eagle was depicted on the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire. To this day, this symbol is the central image of the emblems of many countries, including Russia.
Pentacle
Date of occurrence: the first images date back to 3500 BC.
Where used: Since the ancient Sumerians, this sign has been used by almost every civilization
Meaning: The five-pointed star is considered a sign of protection. The Babylonians used it as a talisman against thieves, the Jews associated the five-pointed star with five wounds on the body of Christ, and the magicians medieval Europe the pentacle was known as the "seal of King Solomon". The star is still actively used both in religion and in the symbolism of different countries.
Swastika
Date of occurrence: The first images date back to 8000 BC.
Where used: IN Eastern Europe, Western Siberia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, pre-Columbian America. Extremely rare among the Egyptians. Among the ancient monuments of Phoenicia, Arabia, Syria, Assyria, Babylon, Sumer, Australia, Oceania, the swastika was not found.
Meaning: The word "swastika" can be translated from Sanskrit as a greeting and a wish of good luck. The swastika, as a symbol, has a great many meanings, but the most ancient of them are movement, life, the Sun, light, well-being.
Due to the fact that the swastika was used in Nazi Germany, this symbol began to be firmly associated with Nazism, despite the original symbol of the sign.
All-seeing eye
Date of occurrence: 1510-1515 AD, but in pagan religions, a symbol similar to the all-seeing eye appeared much earlier.
Where used: Europe, Asia, Oceania, Ancient Egypt.
Meaning: The all-seeing eye is the sign of the all-seeing and all-knowing god who watches over humanity. In ancient Egypt, the analogue of the All-Seeing Eye was Wadjet (the eye of Horus or the eye of Ra), which symbolized various aspects divine order of the world. The all-seeing eye, inscribed in a triangle, was a symbol of Freemasonry. Freemasons revered the number three as a symbol of the trinity, and the eye, located in the center of the triangle, symbolized the hidden truth.
Cross
Date of occurrence: approximately 4000 BC
Where used: Egypt, Babylon, India, Syria, Persia, Egypt, North and South America. After the birth of Christianity, the cross spread throughout the world.
Meaning: In ancient Egypt, the cross was considered a divine sign and symbolized life. In Assyria, a cross enclosed in a ring was a symbol of the sun god. The inhabitants of South America believed that the cross drives away evil spirits.
From the 4th century, the cross was adopted by Christians, and its meaning has changed somewhat. In the modern world, the cross is associated with death and resurrection, as well as with salvation and eternal life.
Anarchy
The combination "A in a circle" was used as early as the 16th century by European alchemists under the influence of Kabbalistic magic as the first letters of the words: "Alpha and Omega", the beginning and the end.
In the modern tradition, it was first used in the Spanish section of the 1st International as a designation catchphrase famous anarchist J. Proudhon "Anarchy is the mother of order" in capital letters "l'anarchie" and "l'ordre".
Pacific
The famous symbol was designed in 1958 in Britain at the height of the anti- nuclear war as a combination of the symbols of the semaphore alphabet "N" and "D" (the first letters of the phrase "nuclear disarmament" - nuclear disarmament). Later it began to be used as a symbol of universal reconciliation and the unity of mankind.
Card suits
In the classic (and most modern) French deck, the symbols of the suits were four signs - hearts, spades, diamonds, clubs, in the form in which they received mass use.
The oldest European deck - Italian-Spanish, which passed directly from the Arabs, depicted coins instead of tambourines, instead of a spade - a sword, instead of a red heart - a cup, and instead of a clover - a club.
TO modern look signs of suits came by gradual euphemization. Thus, tambourines denoted money as metal rattles (before, tambourines were rhombic in shape), clover was previously an acorn, the shape of a spade resembled leaves, which was reflected in the German deck, and the goblet underwent a complex evolution from the image of a rose to a heart. Each suit symbolized the feudal estates: the merchants, the peasantry, the knights and the clergy, respectively.
16. Anchor
Appearance time: the first centuries of our era.
Where used: Everyone knows the symbol of the anchor as a marine emblem. However, in the first centuries of the new era, the anchor was closely associated with Christianity. For the early Christians, who saw in it the hidden form of the cross, the anchor personified the hope of salvation with caution, security and strength.
In Christian iconography, the anchor, as an emblem of security, is the main attribute of St. Nicholas of Myra - the patron saint of sailors. Another meaning should be attributed to the anchor of the semi-legendary Pope Clement (88?-97?). According to church tradition, during the period of persecution of Christians, the pagans hung an anchor around the Pope's neck and drowned him in the sea. However, the sea waves soon parted, exposing the temple of God at the bottom. In this mythical underwater temple, the body of the holy champion of the faith was allegedly discovered.
Values: There are several anchor values. The anchor is a sacred object to which sacrifices were made, because it was often the only salvation for sailors. On the coins of Greece, Syria, Carthage, Phoenicia and Rome, the anchor was more often than others depicted as a symbol of hope.
In the art of ancient Rome, the anchor symbolized the joy of returning home after a long journey. On the graves of the 1st century, the image of an anchor was associated with the image of the church as a ship that carries souls across the stormy sea of life.
The Apostle Paul in his letter to the Hebrews compared hope to a safe and strong anchor. The Greek word "ankura" (anchor) was associated with Latin expression"en curio", that is, "in the Lord.
IN fine arts The Renaissance anchor also means an attribute of hope. The allegorical emblem, which depicts a dolphin with an anchor, was especially popular in Renaissance painting. The dolphin symbolized speed, and the anchor - restraint. At the bottom of the emblem was the inscription: "Hurry up slowly"
Olympic rings
Appearance time: The Olympic emblem was first introduced in 1920 at the 8th Summer Olympic Games in Antwerp.
Where is used: One of the most recognizable symbols in the world consists of five rings, the uniqueness of the emblem lies in the simplicity of execution. The rings are arranged in a W-shaped order, the colors are arranged in a strict order: blue, black, red, yellow and green.
What were the meanings: There are several theories about the origin and interpretation of the emblem of the Olympic Games. The first and main version says that the Olympic rings symbolically depict the unity of the five continents, which was invented by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1913.
Until 1951, there was a belief that each color corresponded to a separate continent. Europe was designated in blue, Africa in black, America in red, Asia in yellow, green in Australia, but in 1951 they decided to move away from this distribution of colors in order to move away from racial discrimination.
Another version says that the idea of five multi-colored rings is taken from Carl Jung. During the period of enthusiasm for Chinese philosophy, he connected the circle (a symbol of greatness and vital energy) with five colors reflecting the types of energies (water, wood, fire, earth and metal).
In 1912, the psychologist introduced new image Olympic competitions, because in his opinion, each participant in the Olympic Games had to master each of the five sports - swimming (water - Blue colour), fencing (fire - red), cross-country running (ground - yellow), equestrianism (wood - green) and shooting (metal - black)
The emblem of the five rings hides a deep meaning that reveals the essence of the sport. It contains the idea of popularizing the Olympic movement, the equality of each participating country, fair treatment of the athlete, healthy competition.
Compasses and Square
Appearance time: Henry Wilson Coyle, in The Masonic Encyclopedia, states that the Compass and Square in weave appeared on the seal of the Aberdeen lodge in 1762.
Where is used: Using a compass and a square, you can draw a circle inscribed in a square, and this is a reference to the seventh problem of Euclid, squaring the circle. But you should not assume that the Compasses and the Square necessarily refer you to a mathematical problem, rather they symbolize a person’s desire to achieve harmony between spiritual and physical nature.
Values: In this emblem, the Compasses depicts the vault of heaven, and the Square - the Earth. The sky is symbolically connected with the place where the Great Builder of the Universe draws his plan, and the Earth is the place where man does his work. The compass, combined with the Square, is one of the most common symbols of Freemasonry.
If everything is clear with the name, then the origin of the $ icon is still a mystery. The following version is considered the most similar to the truth: the Spanish abbreviation "P" s, which once denoted the currency of Spain, the peso. The letter P supposedly left a vertical line, this allowed to increase the speed of writing, and the letter S remained unchanged. There is also a conspiracy version, along which two lines are the Pillars of Hercules.
Mars and Venus
Appearance time: famous sign Mars ♂and Venus ♀, borrowed from astrology, was introduced by the botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1751 to indicate the sex of plants. Since then, these two characters are called gender.
Where is used: The symbol of Venus ♀ denotes the feminine and is used to denote a woman, a female. Accordingly, the symbol of Mars ♂ personifies the masculine principle.
What values A: The first symbols of Mars and Venus appeared in antiquity. The female sign of Venus is depicted as a circle with a cross pointing down. It is called the "Mirror of Venus", this sign symbolizes femininity, beauty and love. The male sign of Mars is depicted as a circle with an arrow pointing up and to the right. Mars means the power of the god of war, this symbol is also called the “shield and spear of Mars.” The combined symbols of Venus and Mars mean heterosexuality, love between members of different sexes.
