Plan on the theme of the spiritual development of society. Plans for social studies (C8)

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Biosocial nature of man." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

1. Man as a result of biological and sociocultural evolution.

2. The body as the natural basis of man:

a) functioning internal organs and systems (morphophysiological, electrochemical, neuro-brain and other processes of the human body);

b) primary (physiological) needs (for food, water, rest, a certain temperature regime, etc.);

c) human genotype and mechanisms of heredity.

3. Social in a person:

a) social needs;

b) interests;

c) volitional qualities;

d) self-consciousness;

e) worldview, etc.

4. The unity of the biological and social in man:

a) the influence of biological (hereditary) on the physical data and mental properties of a person;

b) the implementation and satisfaction of the biological in social forms.

5. The problem of correlation between the biological and the social in man (different approaches).

Answer: none

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Worldview, its types and forms." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. Worldview as a system of generalized views on the world and the place of man in it.

2. Historical views of the world:

a) mythological;

b) theological (religious);

c) philosophical.

3. Ordinary (everyday) worldview and its features:

a) the predominance of arbitrary connections;

b) fragmentary views on the world;

c) lack of integrity.

4. The main features of the scientific worldview:

a) logical harmony;

b) systematic;

c) universality;

d) criticality;

e) validity.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Socio-demographic problems of our time." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

1) Socio-demographic problems as part of the global problems of mankind.

2) The essence of the "population explosion" and its connection with other global problems.

3) What caused the demographic crisis in economically developed countries?

4) Manifestations and consequences of the "population explosion":

a) mass starvation, disease, illiteracy, lack of adequate housing;

b) unemployment;

c) mass migrations;

d) problems of assimilation of newcomers.

5) Ways to overcome socio-demographic problems:

a) solving the problem of population regulation;

b) implementation of a well-thought-out demographic policy;

c) international cooperation in solving social and demographic problems.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Modern threats to culture, the spiritual development of man." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic: 1) Modern threats to culture, the spiritual development of man - one of the global problems of mankind:

a) rampant ignorance, crime, drug addiction, alienation from culture;

b) material consumerism;

c) mass culture and anti-culture;

d) manifestations of discomfort in Everyday life person;

e) information and people.

2) Ways to overcome the problem:

A) Free access a person to cultural values;

b) the possibility of obtaining education and its improvement;

c) humanization of society, comprehensive development personality.

3) post-industrial society and spiritual

human development.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Integrity and inconsistency of the modern world." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) The diversity of the world and the unity of mankind: a) the modern world and integration;

b) globalization of the economy and the development of world trade;

c) modern communications (Internet, etc.).

2) Contradictory consequences of globalization:

a) globalization standards in the economy, culture;

b) environmental, demographic crises, AIDS, drug addiction, international terrorism, problems of economically backward countries, and many others. others

3) Will mankind overcome the problems of its development?

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Socialization of the individual." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. Socialization as a process of assimilation by an individual of patterns of behavior, social norms and values ​​necessary for his successful functioning in a given society.

2. Stages of socialization according to D. Smelser:

a) the stage of imitation and copying by children of the behavior of adults;

b) the game stage, when children are aware of the behavior as the performance of a role;

c) the stage of group games, in which children learn to understand what a whole group of people expects from them.

3. Stages of socialization according to the theory of roles (J. G. Mead):

a) imitation (children copy the behavior of adults);

b) the game stage (children understand behavior as the performance of certain roles);

V) collective game(Children learn to be aware of the expectations not only of a single person, but of the whole group).

4. Agents (institutions) of socialization:

a) agents of primary socialization - this is the environment that has a direct impact on the individual (parents, relatives, family, friends, peers, etc.);

b) agents of secondary socialization: the administration of the school, university, enterprise; army, court, church, etc.

5. Differences in the content of the process of socialization of adults from the process of socialization of children.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Moral and" Golden Rule"morality". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) Morality and its role in the life of man and society: the historical aspect.

2) The basis of morality is universal moral norms and values:

c) principles and norms of morality.

3) Is there any progress in morality?

a) moral duty and the problem of choice;

b) modern realities (Internet, etc.) and moral norms.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Society as a system." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. A system as a set of its constituent elements that are in stable connections and relationships with each other.

2.Society as a collection of people connected joint activities to achieve their common goals.

3. Elements of society as a system:

a) spheres of social life;

b) social institutions of society.

4.Characteristics of society as a system:

a) diverse hierarchically built relationships that make up the structure of society;

b) the integrity of society as a system (it has properties that cannot be derived from the properties of individual elements);

c) the openness of society as a system (a state of continuous exchange with its natural environment);

d) the dynamism of society (changes in various fields life, their contradictory character).

5. The degree of satisfaction of people's needs is proof of the effectiveness of the functioning of society as a system.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "The problem of the North and the South and ways to solve it." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

1) The problem of the North and the South is one of the global problems of our time.

2) The essence of the problem of North and South and its relationship with other global problems.

3) Manifestations and consequences of the named problem:

a) "population explosion";

b) hunger, poverty, illiteracy, disease;

c) unemployment and migration to economically prosperous countries of the world.

4) Ways to overcome the economic backwardness, poverty and misery of the Third World countries:

a) implementation of a well-thought-out demographic policy;

c) international cooperation in solving the problems of the North and the South.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Global problems of our time." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan. One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) What problems have become global for mankind?

2) The essence of some global problems (environmental crisis, "population explosion", economic lagging behind the countries of the "third world") and their relationship.

3) Manifestations and consequences of global problems of our time:

a) the growth of the scale of economic activity of people;

b) growth of world population at the expense of developing countries;

c) consumer attitude to nature.

4) Ways to solve global problems:

a) development of scientific research on environmental protection and nature restoration activities of man;

b) the establishment of a new world economic order;

c) birth control in economically backward countries;

d) international cooperation in solving global problems of our time. Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Freedom and Responsibility". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan. One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) Freedom in human activities:

a) individual freedom is the most important value of civilization;

b) "freedom is a conscious necessity";

2) Responsibility is the most important regulator of human activity:

a) conscious adherence to established norms;

b) evaluating one's actions in terms of their consequences for others;

c) principles and beliefs.

3) Freedom and responsibility in a free society.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "The purpose and meaning of human life." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan. One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) The search for the meaning of life is a distinctive property of a person.

2) Approaches to the problem of the meaning of human life in world philosophy:

a) ancient philosophy;

b) the philosophy of the Renaissance;

c) classical German philosophy;

d) Russian philosophy (S. Frank, N. Trubetskoy and others).

3) The role of worldview in human activity, in the search for goals and meaning of life:

a) worldly (everyday) worldview: reliance on one's life experience;

b) the religious worldview and destiny of a person;

V) scientific outlook: a person's understanding of the world and the tendencies of its development, as well as his place in this world.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Man as a spiritual being." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan. One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) The spiritual world of man: knowledge, faith, feelings, aspirations.

2) Morality, values, ideals of a person:

a) the "golden rule" of morality;

c) conscience, patriotism, citizenship.

3) Worldview and its role in human life:

a) types of worldview;

b) worldview as a guideline and goals of human activity.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Modern science and the responsibility of scientists." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

- the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to a given topic;

- compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) Modern science is the direct productive force of society.

2) The specifics of modern science:

a) increased opportunities for influencing nature and society;

b) complex technical and technological potential;

c) direct impact on the way of life and the nature of work

d) the possibility of studying micro- and macroworlds.

3) The main directions of scientific and technological progress:

a) exploration of outer space;

b) genetic engineering and biotechnology (creation of organic substances with predetermined properties);

c) research in the field of creating new types of fuel and energy;

d) study of the possibilities and prospects of artificial intelligence.

4) Factors of increasing the responsibility of scientists for their research:

a) dual purpose of a number of inventions (creation of new types of weapons of mass destruction);

b) moral ambiguity of a number of studies (cloning of living organisms);

c) the negative, detrimental impact of a number of scientific studies on nature;

5) The need to preserve the humanistic essence of science.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Knowledge is the process of spiritual assimilation of the material world by a person." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) The concept of knowledge. Cognition is the process of comprehension by a person of objects and phenomena of the material world.

2) Goals of knowledge:

a) comprehension of the truth;

b) practical use.

3) The structure of the process of cognition:

b) logical knowledge (concept, judgment, conclusion).

4) The interaction of the cognizing subject and the cognized object in the process of cognition.

5) Knowledge as a result of cognition.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Society as an open system." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

1. The concept of an open system as a system that is connected with the outside world (“exchanges matter and energy with it”).

2. Society as an open system in the context of sociological research is characterized by:

b) high mobility (members of society can change their status relatively easily);

c) the ability to innovate;

3.Openness of society: the impact of nature on society:

a) natural conditions have a significant impact on the social division of labor;

b) natural factors play an important role in people's lives (geographical determinism);

c) nature forms the natural habitat of man.

4. The state of continuous exchange with the natural environment and environmental problems of our time:

a) the greenhouse effect;

b) acid rain;

d) air pollution;

e) soil pollution;

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "The influence of nature on man and society." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. Society and nature are organic parts of the material world.

2. Man is an element of the biosphere.

3.1. The influence of natural factors on the process of anthropogenesis:

a) separation of man from the animal world;

b) the formation of races;

c) the formation of languages;

d) features of mentality and character;

3.2 Influence of nature ( environment) on social processes:

a) the pace and quality of social dynamics;

b) location of productive forces and economic specialization;

c) natural disasters and their social consequences.

4. Stages of interaction between nature and society:

a) assignment of finished products;

b) the growth of productive forces;

c) the transition from spontaneous consumption of natural resources to the organization of a purposeful course of natural processes;

5. The value of nature for man and society:

a) a pantry of resources;

c) a source of inspiration and beauty.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Human Activities”. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The presence of plan items that are mandatory for the disclosure of the proposed topic;

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. Activity as a way of people's existence.

2. Structure of activity.

a) subject of activity

b) object of activity

d) methods and means

e) process

f) result

3. Activity needs:

a) biological

b) social

c) ideal

4. Types of activities

b) communication

c) teaching

5. Classification of activities:

a) by objects and results (material and spiritual);

b) by subject of activity (individual and collective)

c) by the nature of the activity (reproductive and creative)

d) depending on the spheres of society (economic, social, political, spiritual);

f) in accordance with moral standards (moral and immoral);

6. Characteristic features of the activity:

a) conscious character;

b) transformative character;

c) productive nature;

d) public character;

Possible other number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Culture, its forms." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The presence of plan items that are mandatory for the disclosure of the proposed topic;

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. The concept of culture.

2. Material and spiritual culture.

3. Functions of culture:

a) adaptive

b) normative

c) socialization

d) informational

e) creative

f) communicative

g) relaxation, etc.

4. Grounds for the classification of culture:

a) connection with religion

b) territorial affiliation

c) ethnic characteristics

d) economic structure

e) belonging to a historical type of society

5. Main forms of culture:

a) elite

b) folk

c) mass

6. Varieties of culture:

a) subculture

b) counterculture

Possible other number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Scientific knowledge". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

- the presence of plan items that are mandatory for the disclosure of the proposed topic;

- the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

- compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. Scientific knowledge is one of the types of knowledge of the objective world.

2. Features of scientific knowledge:

a) the desire for objectivity (to study the world as it is, regardless of the person);

b) a special language, including special terms, strictly defined concepts, mathematical symbols;

c) special procedures for checking the results.

3. Levels of scientific knowledge:

a) empirical knowledge;

b) theoretical knowledge.

4. Methods of scientific knowledge:

a) scientific observation;

b) description;

c) classification;

d) scientific experiment;

e) thought experiment;

e) hypotheses;

g) scientific modeling.

Possible other number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "The environmental crisis as a global problem of our time." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

1. What problems have become global for mankind?

2. The essence of the ecological crisis and its connection with other global problems

3. What caused the ecological crisis?

a) Growth in the scale of economic activity of people.

b) Consumer attitude to nature.

4. Manifestations and consequences of the ecological crisis.

5. Ways to overcome the ecological crisis:

a) changing the attitude of people to nature;

b) science in the service of ecology;

c) international cooperation in solving environmental problems.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Knowledge is the process of spiritual assimilation of the material world by a person." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The presence of plan items that are mandatory for the disclosure of the proposed topic;

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. The concept of knowledge. Cognition is the process of comprehension by a person of objects and phenomena of the material world.

2. Goals of knowledge:

a) understanding the truth

b) practical use

3. The structure of the process of cognition:

a) sensory cognition (sensation, perception, representation);

b) rational knowledge (concept, judgment, conclusion);

4. Types of knowledge:

a) scientific

b) worldly (ordinary);

c) mythological;

d) aesthetic, etc.

5 Knowledge as a result of knowledge.

Possible other number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Society and Nature". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan. The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

1. Society and nature are organic parts of the material world.

2. Influence of nature (environment) on social processes:

a) the pace and quality of social dynamics;

b) location of productive forces and economic specialization;

c) features of mentality, attitude and character of people;

d) natural disasters and their social consequences.

3. The impact of society on the natural environment:

a) changes in landscapes under the influence of human activities;

b) use of non-renewable and renewable natural resources;

c) use of flora and fauna;

d) creation of a natural environment transformed by man.

4. The value of nature for man and society:

a) a pantry of resources;

b) natural habitat;

c) a source of inspiration and beauty.

5. The specifics of the interaction between nature and society at the present stage of social development.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in a named, interrogative or mixed form.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "The problem of international terrorism as a global problem of our time." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The presence of plan items that are mandatory for the disclosure of the proposed topic;

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. Threats and challenges of modern humanity.

2. International terrorism as a threat to the world community.

3. Reasons for the emergence of international terrorism:

a) the gap in the levels of economic and social development between countries and regions of the world;

b) aggressive introduction of the values ​​and norms of Western society into the non-Western world, oppression of non-Western cultures and values;

c) political dominance of Western countries in the global world.

4. Features of terrorism at the present stage:

a) supranational character;

b) use of modern network technologies and resources;

c) the presence of significant financial, intellectual, human resources;

d) the use of religious and socio-cultural program settings.

5. The main areas of activity of international terrorists:

a) organization of psychological attacks using media technologies;

b) preparation and execution of terrorist acts;

c) organization of Internet attacks on large financial centers and banks.

6. Ways and methods of struggle of the world community against terrorists.

7. The role of the Russian Federation in countering the terrorist threat. A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

The absence of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th paragraphs of the plan in this wording or close in meaning will not allow us to reveal the content of this topic on the merits.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Content and forms (types) of spiritual activity." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

1. Concept

2. Specificity of objects and subjects of spiritual activity

3. Main goals:

a) the formation of public consciousness,

b) the formation of values,

c) satisfaction of the ideal needs of society,

d) the production of spiritual goods.

4. Forms of spiritual activity:

a) prognostic

b) cognitive,

c) value orientation

5. Role in the modern world

Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 06/10/2013. main wave. Center. Option 6.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "The problem of the cognizability of the world." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

The analysis takes into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic and the clarity of expression of thought;

Reflection in terms of the main aspects of the topic in a certain (adequate given topic) sequence.

1. The problem of the cognizability of the world

a) What is agnosticism?

b) Theories of Hume and Kant

c) Varieties of agnosticism

2. Subject and object of knowledge

3. Sensual and rational knowledge

4. Sensationalism and rationalism.

5. Three main trends:

a) epistemological optimism,

b) skepticism

c) agnosticism.

6. Relative and absolute truth.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 06/10/2013. main wave. Far East. Option 2.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Society as a system." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

1. The concept of society as a system that is connected with the outside world (“exchanges matter and energy with it”).

2. Society as an open system in the context of sociological research is characterized by:

a) dynamic social structure;

b) high mobility (members of society can change their status relatively easily);

c) the ability to innovate;

d) democratic pluralistic ideology.

3.Openness of society: the impact of nature on society:

a) natural conditions have a significant impact on the social division of labor;

b) natural factors play an important role in people's lives (geographical determinism);

c) nature forms the natural habitat of man.

4. The state of continuous exchange with the natural environment and environmental problems of our time:

a) the greenhouse effect;

b) acid rain;

c) pollution of the seas and oceans;

d) air pollution;

e) soil pollution;

f) Reducing the amount of water suitable for drinking.

Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 06/10/2013. main wave. Siberia. Option 2.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Forms and Varieties of Culture”. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic and the clarity of expression of thought;

Reflection in terms of the main aspects of the topic in a certain (adequate given topic) sequence.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The concept of culture

2. Forms of culture:

a) elite

b) folk

c) mass

d) screen

3. Variety of cultures:

a) subcultures

b) counterculture

4. The role of culture in the development of modern society.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 06/10/2013. main wave. Ural. Option 6.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "The problem of social progress." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

a) progress;

b) regression.

2. Theories of social development:

a) the theory of progressive development;

b) the theory of cyclic development;

c) ideas of the end of history.

3. Inconsistency of progress:

a) uneven progress in different areas;

b) progress in some areas is accompanied by regression in others.

4. Criteria of social progress:

a) the development of science and technology;

b) the growth of a person's personal freedom;

c) the development of the human mind.

5. The price of progress.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic “Influence mass culture on the spiritual life of society. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

1. The concepts of "culture" and "spiritual life".

2. Forms of culture:

a) elite;

b) folk;

c) massive.

3. Reasons for the emergence of mass culture.

4. Distinctive features of mass culture:

a) focus on mass sale and profit;

b) replicability;

c) entertaining form;

d) intended for a wide audience.

5. Positive impact on the spiritual life of society:

a) approves simple and understandable ideas about the world around;

b) directly focused on the interests of society;

c) is democratic;

d) responds to requests for rest, psychological relaxation, etc.

6. Negative impact on society:

a) is oriented towards mass tastes;

b) leads to standardization and unification of culture;

c) designed for passive consumption;

d) instills myths in the minds of people;

e) creates artificial needs, etc.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Social control". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

1. Social control. Definition.

2. Elements of social control:

social norms.

social sanctions.

3. Types of social norms:

Moral.

Legal.

Corporate.

Religious etc.

4. Types of social sanctions:

Formal.

Informal.

5. Formal social sanctions:

Positive.

Negative.

6. Informal social sanctions:

Positive.

Negative.

7. Forms of social control:

Internal (conscience).

External (formal and informal).

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Small groups and their role in society." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The concept of a "small group".

2. Features of small groups:

a) behavioral and psychological commonality of group members;

b) the presence of common interests and values;

c) general group norms.

3. Types of small groups:

a) formal;

b) informal.

4. Examples of small groups:

b) a group of friends

c) workforce.

5. Functions of small groups:

a) socializing;

b) supporting;

c) psychological;

d) activity.

6. Interpersonal relationships in a small group.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "The role of needs in human activity." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the possible plans.

1. The concept of activity.

2. Motives of activity

A. needs

b. interests

V. attraction

3. Classification of needs.

A. biological

b. social

V. ideal

4. Classification of needs by A. Maslow

A. physiological

b. existential

V. social

g. prestigious

e. spiritual

5. Relationship of needs with activities

A. creative

b. labor

V. play (leisure)

educational

6. Need as the main motive of human activity.

Source: USE in social studies 05/05/2014. Early wave. Option 2.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Worldview and its role in human life." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The concept of "worldview".

2. Structure:

a) knowledge;

b) principles;

c) beliefs;

d) spiritual values.

3. Ways of forming a worldview:

a) natural

b) conscious

4. The main types of worldview:

a) mythological;

b) religious;

c) philosophical;

d) scientific.

5. The role of worldview in human life.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Activity and thinking". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. Activity as a way of life of a person and society.

2. Structure of activity:

a) the subject;

b) object;

d) motives;

e) actions;

f) result.

3. Activities:

a) labor;

b) cognitive;

c) aesthetic, etc.

4. Thinking as a process of cognitive activity.

5. Thinking is the basis of rational knowledge.

6. Types of thinking:

a) verbal-logical;

b) visual-figurative;

c) visual and effective.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Social conflicts and ways to resolve them." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

- compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type;

- the presence of plan items indicating that the examinee understands the main aspects of this topic, without which it cannot be disclosed on the merits;

- the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. Social conflict - a clash of interests of individuals and groups.

2. The main causes of conflicts:

a) unfavorable working conditions;

b) dissatisfaction with wages;

c) psychological incompatibility of people;

d) difference of essential interests and principles;

e) redistribution of influence in a group or between groups;

f) ideological differences (political and religious);

g) unfair distribution of values ​​(income, knowledge,

information, benefits).

3. Types of social conflicts:

a) intrapersonal;

b) interpersonal;

c) intergroup;

d) ownership conflict;

e) conflict with the external environment.

4. Stages of development of intergroup conflict.

5. Constructive and destructive ways of conflict resolution.

6. Increasing social culture, readiness for negotiation

process and compromise are the leading ways of resolving conflicts in the modern world. A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Socialization of the individual." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. Socialization is the process of a person entering the world of social connections and interactions.

2. Socialization functions:

a) mastering the system of knowledge about the world, man, human society;

b) the acquisition of experience in human interaction with society;

c) the assimilation of moral values ​​and ideals;

d) mastering practical skills and abilities.

3. Stages of socialization:

a) primary socialization;

b) secondary socialization

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. Political participation - the influence of citizens on the adoption, implementation of government decisions and the choice of representatives in government institutions.

2. Types of political participation:

a) indirect (representative);

b) direct (direct).

3. Forms of direct political participation:

a) participation in the activities of political parties, organizations, movements;

b) participation in meetings, rallies, demonstrations, pickets;

c) appeal to public authorities;

d) participation in elections and referendums;

e) activities of political leaders.

4. Classifications of political participation:

a) by the number of participants (individual, group, mass);

Explanation.

Plan on the topic: "Pricing in market conditions."

1. Pricing - the formation of prices for goods and services. The market is a mechanism that connects the buyer and the seller.

2. Pricing depending on the type of economic system:

a) command - administrative economic system: directive pricing.

b) market - pricing depends on supply and demand. (from seller and consumer)

c) traditional - the absence of commodity-money relations

d) mixed - partial control over pricing by the state.

3. Pricing depending on supply and demand:

a) Law of Demand: The lower the price, the higher the demand.

b) the law of supply: The higher the price, the higher the supply.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. Leadership concepts:

a) outstanding qualities of individuals;

b) the dependence of leadership on the current social situation;

c) psychoanalytic concepts of leadership, etc.

2. Functions of a political leader:

a) integration of the group on the basis of common interests, values;

b) development of a political course;

c) mobilization of the group to achieve the set goals;

d) social arbitration, etc.

3. Types of leaders:

a) ruling and opposition leaders;

b) democratic, authoritarian and liberal leaders;

c) traditional, rational-legal and charismatic leaders, etc.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be

of which two or more are detailed in the subclauses.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following is taken into account:

- the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan. The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The concept of family.

2. Family types by composition:

A) extended (multi-generational); B) nuclear.

3. Types of family by the nature of family responsibilities: A) Traditional (patriarchal);

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following is taken into account:

- compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type;

- the presence of plan items indicating that the examinee understands the main aspects of this topic, without which it cannot be disclosed on the merits;

- the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan. The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract-formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The concept of human needs.

2. Classification of human needs:

A) human biological needs; B) social needs;

B) ideal needs.

3. The structure of human activity:

A) needs and motives;

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. International economic relations in the era of globalization:

a) international trade;

b) labor force migration;

c) international movement of capital;

d) economic integration;

e) monetary and financial and credit relations.

2. Factors of the international division of labor:

a) scientific and technological progress;

b) the structure of national production;

c) global demand.

3. State policy in the field of international trade:

a) protectionism;

b) free trade.

4. The international division of labor is the basis for the development of the world economy.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Media in the political system." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The functions of the media in the political life of society:

a) selection and commenting of information;

b) political socialization;

c) the formation of public opinion.

2. The role of the media in election campaigns:

a) election campaigning;

b) informing about the political programs of parties and candidates

c) psychological impact on the voter.

3. Types of media:

b) Pure monopoly

c) Monopolistic competition

d) Oligopoly

5. State regulation of the economy

6. Consequences:

a) lower prices

b) quality improvement

c) expanding the range of goods and services

Elements of the answer can be given in other formulations that are close in meaning.

Goals and objectives:

1. To acquaint with the essence of material and spiritual culture, show ways of developing spiritual culture, problems associated with the diversity of cultures;
2. To develop the ability to explain the internal and external relations of the studied social objects, to analyze. Draw conclusions, solve cognitive and problematic tasks, evaluate judgments, participate in discussions, work with documents;
3. To form an attitude towards spiritual values, respect for the culture of the past and present.

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History Teacher MBOU Secondary School No. 6 Klepinina I.V.

Chapter 3. Spiritual culture. Lessons 78 - 80.

Lesson 1.

Topic: Spiritual development of society.

Goals and objectives:

1. To acquaint with the essence of material and spiritual culture, show ways of developing spiritual culture, problems associated with the diversity of cultures;
2. To develop the ability to explain the internal and external relations of the studied social objects, to analyze. Draw conclusions, solve cognitive and problematic tasks, evaluate judgments, participate in discussions, work with documents;
3. To form an attitude towards spiritual values, respect for the culture of the past and present.

Equipment: Schemes, a package of documents.

During the classes.

material for the lesson.

One day the father of a wealthy family decided to take his little son to the countryside.

1. The Parable of Hing Shi - Six Steps to Wisdom

   One day, when the students asked Hing Shi to tell them about a man's path to wisdom, he told them:

   A person's path to wisdom is similar to the path of silk, which originates from the silkworm caterpillar, gradually turning into a beautiful, strong fabric. Like a caterpillar making six steps of turning into silk, a person passes a similar path to wisdom.

   Like this? - the students were amazed, - tell us, Teacher.

   The first step is the step of birth, - began Hing Shi, - like caterpillars, a person comes into this world naked and helpless.The second step is the accumulation step.Until the caterpillar has grown, mulberry leaves are collected for it, it is protected from harsh smells and sounds.

   So a person is given their care and knowledge by those who surround him. Like a caterpillar, he feeds on what he himself did not collect, making his Second Step.

   The third step is the cocoon step.After the caterpillar has grown enough, it is transplanted onto a special grid, on which it begins to weave silk threads, gradually enveloping itself in a cocoon.

   A person, growing up, falls into a place determined for him in life and begins to gradually extract silk threads of views, beliefs and conclusions, over time, confusing them and forming around him his own world, similar to a cocoon.

   At this stage, many stop, remaining until their death in the place allotted to them, wrapped in a cocoon of their beliefs and conclusions, which gives them an illusory well-being and hope for constancy.

   The fourth step is the difficult step of liberation,step of the triumph of the new over the old, then the usual way of life is destroyed. In this step, the caterpillars are killed by the steam and the cocoons are carefully unwrapped.

   The person who decides to take the fourth step, first of all, destroys the inactive caterpillar in himself, and then gradually begins to transform the cocoon of his convictions and conclusions into still thin, but no longer tangled, threads of knowledge.

   The fifth step is the fixing step,consists in the fact that several thin, easily torn threads are tied into one, stronger silk thread. Man, taking this step, strengthens and binds together his threads of knowledge, resulting in what we call wisdom.

   Here, Yang Li, one of the disciples of the sage, could not stand it, asked:
   - Teacher, why then does the sixth step exist, if wisdom is achieved already at the fifth?

   - The sixth step is the step of connection and harmony,- answered the sage, - when strong, strong threads are woven together, forming a beautiful smooth silk.

   A person, taking this step, weaves the thread of his wisdom into the common fabric, closely intertwining it with the threads of someone else's wisdom, supporting and strengthening them.

   It means that wisdom is strengthened at this step, as well as at the fifth, - Yang Li said.

   But only on the sixth it begins to bear fruit, - Hing Shi smiled.

Task for group 1.

It was in the 1960s. a phenomenon known as the "counterculture" emerged. In the most developed form, this phenomenon manifested itself in the elite universities of the United States and Western Europe. In its most extreme and most consistent form, the counterculture manifested itself in the hippie movement. In place of the dominant cult of money, material well-being, they put forward the cult of simplicity. In place of conformism as a value (“be like everyone else”) came a high appreciation of the ability to be different from others, to live as one lives, without looking back at others. This revolution in values ​​brought with it a revolution in consumption style. Jeans, which were working clothes in America, began to be used by wealthy students as everyday and even weekend clothes, in which they visited the university, walked along the street, went to concerts. At that time it looked the same as now quilted pants and felt boots at a Russian university. Not just jeans were valued, but worn to holes. Hippies introduced the fashion for long hair in men. Loose women's hair from the attribute of the bedroom has become an output hairstyle. Rough boots of working and soldier types came into use. At the same time, for the first time in the civilized history of the West, women bared their knees for all to see, wearing shocking miniskirts. The hitherto rare wearing of trousers by girls, especially in public places, has become ubiquitous. Sobriety as the norm of life was opposed to the use of drugs (it was here that the beginning of the epidemic of drug addiction that swept the West, and now the territory former USSR). Music came into fashion, cutting the ear of the older generation. Hippies were fond of vagrancy, begging. At a time when official America called the youth to a feat in the war against communism in Vietnam, the slogan of the hippies was "Make love, not war." An element of the counterculture was the so-called "sexual revolution", which meant the breaking of age-old taboos in sexual relations. Since then, hugging, kissing on the street, having sex outside of marriage has become an attribute of the new subculture.

Counterculture in the USSRTask for group 2.

"Dandies" appeared in the USSR in the 1950s. They practiced a style in clothing, in behavior (as they said then "pressed style"), which was a protest against the prevailing style of gray clothes, imperceptible, modest behavior, similarity with others, imposed by a meager life and ascetic ideology. The dudes wore bright plaid jackets, no less bright shirts, ties with inconceivable palm trees, monkeys, danced boogie-woogie, combed huge forelocks, listened to "not our" music. This was perceived as a direct challenge to Soviet culture.

They fought mercilessly with dudes: they were caught by the Komsomol operational detachments, sometimes beaten, caricatures of them in frequency and volume competed in the magazine Krokodil with caricatures of the imperialists.

Transformation of Western counterculture in the 1960s in USSR. The fashion of Western youth counterculture soon penetrated the USSR: first to the capital, and then to the provinces. In the late 1960s in the USSR, jeans, rock music, and long hair became fashionable. However, having retained its original form, the counterculture has lost its original content. If in the West it was a challenge to bourgeois culture, then in the USSR it was the official socialist one. These borrowed forms retained their countercultural content after crossing the border: Soviet authorities viewed them as a "bourgeois" influence and tried their best to fight, which further strengthened their countercultural character and appeal. This struggle continued until the second half of the 1980s. The commercialization of the attributes of this culture began in the USSR only in the late 1980s.

Being initially a challenge to consumerism, in the USSR the counterculture became its most striking symbol. Jeans in America personified the denial of the cult of wealth, in the USSR - on the contrary, it was originally a symbol of high prosperity.

Echoes of those cultural upheavals of the 1960s. and are now easily recognized in the culture of consumption of both the West and the former republics of the USSR. Since then, there has not been such a complex and large-scale rise of the counterculture. Her tendencies now and then manifest themselves in clothes, then in music, then in general in the way of life, but they are non-systemic in nature, capturing a rather limited circle of people with their influence.

One of the most stable and visible countercultural currents of the 1980s and 1990s. became the punks who offered the world their defiant style of clothing and music. Their huge standing hair, painted in the brightest colors, awkward clothes are found on the streets of large cities in many countries of the world. However, this is a very limited phenomenon, concentrating mainly where tourists gather.

Metalheads, as well as the corresponding trend in rock, have become a similarly limited phenomenon.

Greetings to all the many readers of the site site! Today we will analyze very interesting topic in social studies: writing plans. In this post will already be given READY works, and at the end of this post, a task will be given to consolidate the material. By the way, I recommend subscribe to new articles so you don't miss out on anything.

True

What is truth?

Kinds of truth

- absolute;
- relative.

Truth Criteria

— consistency of accumulated knowledge;
- the presence of formal logic;
- confirmation by experiment.

Cognition as an activity aimed at achieving new knowledge.

The variety of ways of knowing the world

1) Definition of knowledge;

2) Forms of knowledge
- sensual;
- rational.

3) Types of knowledge:
- mythological;
- worldly;
- scientific;
- artistic;
- social.

4) Levels of scientific knowledge
— Empirical;
— Theoretical.

Bank as a financial institution

1) Scope of the bank
- attraction of free money;
- lending money.

2) Organization of a modern banking system
- the top level - the central bank;
- lower level: - commercial bank, etc.

3) Functions of the Central Bank

- Stabilization;

— Structural.

4) Ways of state influence on the economic mechanism
- Direct
— Indirect regulation

5) Mechanisms of state regulation of the market economy
— fiscal policy;
- monetary;
- legal regulation.

6) Basic theoretical concepts (*not a mandatory item)
— monetarism
- Keynesianism.

Inflation

1) Definition;

2) Types of inflation
— Inflation of demand;
- Supply inflation.

3) Types of inflation depending on the theme of price increases
- Creeping;
- Galloping;
- Hyperinflation.
4) Causes of inflation
- the growth of government spending and mass lending with the issue of money;
- the monopoly of large firms on price setting;
- depreciation of the currency with a high level of imports;
- an increase in state taxes, duties, etc.
5) Deflation - a decrease in the general price level.

These are the plans for society, dear friends! Well, now try to make plans for the topics yourself:

1. Social institution

2. Socio-demographic problems.

3. Conformity and deviant behavior

See you in the next posts!

Spiritual development of society.

Culture is a set of non-biological means and mechanisms of activity through which a person masters the world around him, regulates his own life.

Disciplines that study cultural issues:

a) history

B) philosophy,

B) anthropology,

D) ethnography,

e) social Psychology,

E) sociology,

g) cultural studies.

3. Material and spiritual culture:

a) Material culture is associated with practical activities

a person aimed at satisfying primarily primary needs (clothes, housing, technology ...)

b) Spiritual culture - the process and totality of the results of spiritual

human activity, as well as the system of attitudes, ideals, values,

designed to orient a person in the world around him.

4. The spiritual development of society is characterized by:

a) succession;

b) innovation (creativity).

5. Subculture and Counterculture.

a) Subculture - layers of culture that correspond to trends, needs of different sectors of society, social groups (for example, the subculture of childhood, teenagers).

b) Counterculture - local cultural values who go beyond their social environment, claiming some universality. (Sociocultural systems that oppose the dominant culture. Sometimes they imply the value system of asocial groups).

The problem of cultural diversity.

The problem of interaction, interpenetration of cultures was studied by the Russian thinker N. Danilevsky. He singled out several ways of cultural interaction:

a) colonization;

b) grafting: the grafted "stalk" remains alien, unable to enrich a foreign culture;

c) mutual dialogue: exchange of values.

7. There are several types of cultural consciousness:

a) Americanocentrism: a special mission, the mission of America, its people, the New World;

b) Afrocentrism: a product of the struggle against colonialism, the rise of African culture;

c) Arab nationalism;

d) Islamic fundamentalism.

8. Dialogue of cultures: interaction, interpenetration of various cultural formations within large cultural zones.

Tolerance: willingness to accept other views without protest, respect for freedom of thought, creativity, conscience.

Tolerance can be personal, public, state (for example, the assertion of freedom of conscience in the legislation).

Spiritual world of personality.

The spiritual world of man the inner, spiritual life of a person, including knowledge, faith, feelings, aspirations. The most important elements of spirituality are morality, patriotism, citizenship, worldview.

Worldview - a holistic view of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values ​​and ideals of the individual, social group, society.

Worldview types:

I. a) Theocentrism (focus on God)

b) Nature-centrism (on nature)

c) Anthropocentrism (per person)

d) Sociocentrism (on society)

e) Science-centrism (for science)

II. a) everyday (everyday): based on human experience

b) religious: religious teachings become the basis

c) scientific: based on the achievements of science

Morality and ethics.

1) Morality - a set of approved public opinion norms that determine the relationship of people in society, their duties to each other and to society.

Moral consciousness - reflection in people's minds of attitudes towards moral norms in an extremely wide range of positions: from the passionate affirmation of these norms in word and deed to moral nihilism.

Aspects of morality: a) cognitive; b) estimated; c) regulatory.

Levels of approval of moral standards: a) clan-ethnic; b) national; c) class; d) general society.

Functions of moral standards:

Maintaining the stability of society and the groups that make up it.

Regulation and coordination of people's activities in various public spheres.

Morality - the degree of assimilation by the individual of the moral values ​​of society and the practical adherence to them in everyday life.

Ethical categories - fundamental concepts of morality, reflecting the events of life in terms of the most general moral assessments.

The world of moral categories.

Good and evil;

Duty;

Conscience;

Honor and dignity of the individual;

Happiness;

The moral ideal the idea of ​​a perfect system of moral norms embodied in the activities and behavior of the individual.

How to resolve an administrative dispute?

Proceedings on cases of administrative violations.

Bodies considering cases of administrative offenses.

Tasks: comprehensive, complete, objective and timely clarification of the circumstances of each case, resolving it in accordance with the law, ensuring the execution of the decision, as well as identifying the causes and conditions of the offense.

Administrative offenses are considered: judges, commissions for minors and the protection of their rights, federal executive bodies, other authorized bodies.

Implementation of legal liability measures.

Punishments: warning, fine (not later than 30 days after the imposition of a fine), seizure of documents (driver's license, hunting license, etc.), administrative arrest.

Features of judicial proceedings on administrative offenses.

Conducted in Russian

Subject to public review

Participation of a defense lawyer

The victim can appeal the decision in his case

Representatives of an individual - parents, guardians, adoptive parents.

The presence of witnesses (who have the right not to testify against themselves, spouse, relatives)

Collection of evidence

proof - any factual data on the basis of which the court, body or official establishes the presence or absence of an event of an offense.

The judge is obliged to consider the case within 15 days from the date of receipt of the violation report. In case of administrative arrest of a person, his case is considered within two days from the moment of detention.

Some cases allow the forced delivery of a person to the police station.

Mandatory record keeping

The term of detention should not exceed three hours, the detainee is explained his rights.

Administrative detention - short-term restriction of freedom of an individual.

Sometimes a personal search or search of things is possible, carried out by a person of the same sex as the one being searched in the presence of two witnesses of the same sex. A protocol is drawn up on the inspection.

It is allowed to seize things and documents that were the instrument for committing an offense.

The law provides for the following procedure for considering cases of administrative offenses in court:

It is announced who is considering the case. The fact of the appearance of persons in the case is established. The reasons for the non-appearance of other persons are clarified. Participants are explained their rights and obligations. If necessary, a decision is made to bring the absent person. The case is being considered on its merits. A decision is made.

Petition - an official request for the performance of procedural actions or the adoption of decisions addressed to the body of inquiry, investigator, prosecutor, judge.

Withdrawal - removal from participation in the trial of a judge, juror, prosecutor, investigator, secretary, expert, translator, if they are personally, directly or indirectly interested in the outcome of the case or there are other circumstances that raise doubts about their impartiality.

The decision can be appealed to higher authorities.

The case is considered at the place of residence of the person or at the place of its commission.

The decision is not subject to execution if it has not been executed within a year from the date of entry into force.

Science and philosophy

Natural-scientific and social-humanitarian knowledge.

a) Natural: they study nature, the phenomena of which do not depend on man, objective biological, physical and other facts, give generalized theoretical knowledge.

b) Social and humanitarian: they study society with its human factor, not only the general signs of homogeneous social phenomena, but also the features of a separate, unique event.

And those others intersect in the study of man and are aimed at comprehending the truth.

2. Classification of social sciences and humanities.

Fundamental- find out the objective laws of the surrounding world;

Applied- solve the problems of applying these laws to solve practical problems in the industrial and social fields.

historical

Economic

philosophical

Philological

Legal

Pedagogical

Psychological

Social

political science

cultural

3. SOCIOLOGY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY AS SOCIAL SCIENCES.

Sociology is a science that studies society and social relations.

Levels of sociological knowledge:

Theoretical

Applied (observation, survey, study of documents, experiment)

political science(political science) is a generalization of political practices, the political life of society. She studies politics in its relationship with other areas of public life.

Social Psychology studies the patterns of behavior and activities of people, due to the fact of their inclusion in social groups, as well as the psychological characteristics of these groups themselves.

Specificity of philosophical knowledge.

B. Russell: the philosopher first of all reflects on mysterious or eternal problems: what is the meaning of life and does it exist at all? Does the world have a purpose, does it lead somewhere historical development? Do laws really govern nature, or do we just like to see some kind of order in everything? Is the world divided into two fundamentally different parts - spirit and matter, and if so, how do they coexist?

“Philosophy cognizes being from man and through man, sees in man the key to meaning, while science cognizes being, as it were, outside of man, detached from man. Therefore, for philosophy, being is spirit; for science, being is nature.

N. A. Berdyaev

Philosophy is always pluralistic, diverse in its schools and directions, its provisions do not take the form absolute truths She is not objective.

Philosophizing is a kind of speculative activity. Although in most cases philosophers build their reasoning on a rational basis, strive for the logical validity of conclusions, they also use special methods of argumentation that go beyond formal logic: they reveal the opposite sides of the whole, turn to paradoxes (when, with the logic of reasoning, they come to an absurd result), aporias (unsolvable problems). Such methods and techniques allow us to capture the inconsistency and variability of the world. Within philosophy, special separate teachings were formed:

Ontology is the doctrine of being;

Gnoseology - the doctrine of knowledge;

Ethics;

Aesthetics;

Philosophical anthropology is the doctrine of the essence and nature of man, of a specifically human way of being;

Social Philosophy.

“The problem of social philosophy is the question of what society actually is, what significance it has in a person’s life, what is its true essence and what it obliges us to do.”

S. L. Frank.

Man and Society in Early Myths and First Philosophies.

"myth" - from the Greek. mythos - legend, tradition.

1) Mythological consciousness:

The search for the cause came down to answering the question: who?

The idea of ​​time was not abstracted, time was perceived through periodicity and rhythm human life: birth, growing up, maturity, old age and death of a person, as well as changes in nature: the change of day and night, seasons, the movement of celestial bodies.

Perception of the world as an arena for the struggle of divine and demonic, cosmic and chaotic forces.

2) Ancient Indian philosophy

The world is the eternal opposition of Cosmos and Chaos, the gods often act as the personification of natural forces.

The Upanishad (the book of wisdom), it first outlined the idea of ​​reincarnation (transmigration of souls).

Karma is an act, deed, a key concept in ancient Indian philosophy.

Yoga is one way to get closer to perfection.

Buddhism is a religion that directs a person to spiritual liberation. This state itself is nirvana.

The Four Noble Truths of the Buddha: The world is full of suffering; the cause of human suffering is in physical desires, worldly passions; if desire is eliminated, then passion will die and human suffering will end; in order to reach a state in which there are no desires, one must follow a certain - "eight" - path.

3) ancient Chinese philosophy.

The best behavior for a person is to follow the natural course of things, to act without violating the measure (the principle of "wu wei").

Taoism (tao - the way), the teaching of contemplation. Founder - Lao Tzu.

Confucianism is closely connected with earthly problems. The thinker Confucius placed the concept of man at the center of his philosophy. Don't do to others what you don't want for yourself. great attention to the issues of the "correct" state structure. Such, in his opinion, can be considered a state where the highest position, in addition to the deified emperor, is occupied by a layer of people (zhu), combining the properties of philosophers, writers, scientists and officials.

4) Philosophy of ancient Greece.

The fundamental principle should be understood not as a certain temporary state preceding the appearance of everything that exists, but as the root cause, and the root cause, rationally comprehended (Thales, Anaximenes, Anaximander, Heraclitus).

Plato: power in the state should belong to a few people who have knowledge of ideas and are therefore virtuous (philosophers). Thanks to the new education system, three social classes are formed, which form the basis of the state. And everyone finds himself in a position that allows him (taking into account his abilities) to be most useful to his state.

Aristotle: along with the state, he singled out two more types of community - the family and the settlement, but put the state above everything, the middle strata of society - the basis of the state.