The role of lyrical digressions in the work of Eugene Onegin. Lyrical digressions in the novel “Eugene Onegin”

// / Role lyrical digressions Pushkin in the novel “Eugene Onegin”

Alexander Pushkin’s work “Eugene Onegin” is a great treasure of classical literature of the early 19th century. Every reader can find something of their own in it. The famous Russian critic Vissarion Belinsky believed that this novel in verse exhaustively reflects Russian life.

“” is a work with a variety of issues: man and society, unrequited love, ideal and reality. Great importance in the novel there are lyrical digressions by the author. Thus, Pushkin expressed his point of view regarding events and expressed his opinion about the heroes.

Analyzing the lyrical digressions, we can conclude that the main character and the author himself are like-minded people. Pushkin writes about Evgeny as an “old friend.”

In total, the novel has 27 lyrical digressions and at least 50 different lyrical insertions. Alexander Pushkin positioned his work as “free,” that is, the author and the reader became closer through the author’s direct appeals to the readers. Thus, Pushkin freely thought about the meaning of literature, about his intention to write prose.

Lyrical digressions help reveal the portrait of the author. Before us appears an educated, intelligent, understanding person. Vissarion Belinsky spoke warmly about Pushkin’s novel. Literary critic believed that this work embodied the very nature of the author, his spiritual impulses, dreams, ideals.

Lyrical digressions are peculiar indentations from the text that tell about contemporary poet problems. The author appeals to readers with eternal questions and makes them think about their solution.

Lyrical digressions are distinguished by vivid language, emotionality, and simplicity of presentation. All this creates a trusting atmosphere of direct, easy communication between the author and his reader.

The author's position is visible in everything. He does not hide his attitude towards the characters. He calls Evgeniy “an old friend,” therefore, without being a hypocrite, he talks about his advantages and disadvantages. The author speaks quite ironically about the education system of noble children: “they learned something and somehow.” Following fashion, he spoke French well, but was poorly acquainted with his native culture.

Lyrical digressions in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".

"Eugene Onegin" - the first realistic novel in Russian literature, in which

In this work, the author freely moves from the plot narrative to lyrical digressions that interrupt the flow of " free romance" In lyrical digressions, the author tells us his opinion about certain events, characterizes his characters, and talks about himself. So, we learn about the author’s friends, about literary life, about plans for the future, we get acquainted with his thoughts about the meaning of life, about friends, about love and much more, which gives us the opportunity to get an idea not only about the heroes of the novel, about the life of Russian society of that time, but also about the personality of the poet himself.

We encounter the first lyrical digressions already in the first chapter of the novel by A.S. Pushkin. The author describes Evgeny Onegin and shows his attitude towards the silent

“The conditions of light, having overthrown the burden,

How does he, having fallen behind the bustle,

I became friends with him at that time.

I liked his features."

Pushkin also considers himself to be in the generation of Eugene Onegin. At the beginning of the novel, Onegin is depicted without evil irony; disappointment in the world brings him closer to the author: “I was embittered, he was gloomy,” and makes readers feel sympathy for him: “I liked his features.” Pushkin notices those features that make him similar to the hero: attention to appearance: “you can be a sensible person and think about the beauty of your nails,” and ladies at balls, but at the same time he is always “glad to notice the difference” between them and asks the reader not identify them. But in relation to nature, Pushkin and Onegin are not alike. Pushkin sees nature as a source of inspiration and positive emotions:

"I was born for peaceful life,

For village silence"

And then Pushkin notes:

"Flowers, love, village, idleness,

Fields! I am devoted to you with my soul

I'm always happy to notice the difference

Between Onegin and me."

Everything truly Russian, Pushkin believes, is inextricably linked with the natural principle and is in complete harmony with it.

We see the same reverent attitude towards the beauties of nature in the heroine Tatyana Larina, who is spiritually close to the poet. It is in nature that she finds peace of mind. So, leaving for St. Petersburg,

“It’s like with old friends,

With its groves and meadows

Still in a hurry to talk.”

And having found himself in the “noise of brilliant vanities,” he most of all yearns for “life in the field.” Thus, the author paints his heroine with a “Russian soul,” despite the fact that she “expresses herself with difficulty in her native language.” Tatyana “believed in the legends of antiquity, and dreams, and card fortune telling, and the predictions of the moon."

Lyrical digressions are usually associated with the plot of the novel, but there are also those in which Pushkin reflects on his fate:

“The spring of my days has flown by

(What was he jokingly repeating until now)?

And she really has no age?

Am I really going to be thirty years old soon?” - about the poet’s lifestyle:

"I knew you

Everything that is enviable for a poet:

Oblivion of life in the storms of light,

Sweet conversation with friends"

Pushkin talks in lyrical digressions about the concept of the novel:

Many, many days have passed

Since young Tatiana

And Onegin is with her in a vague dream

Appeared to me for the first time -

And the distance of a free romance

Me through a magic crystal

I haven’t seen it clearly yet.”

In the lyrical digressions of A.S. Pushkin, we learn a lot about the poet himself, his attitude towards the heroes of the novel, towards the way of life of that time. These digressions allow us to imagine the poet’s image more clearly and clearly.

Municipal educational institution

Alexandrovskaya Secondary School

The role of lyrical digressions

in the novel by A.S. Pushkin

"Eugene Onegin"

Pachushkina Svetlana

Head of work: teacher of Russian language and literature

Pachushkina Elena Alekseevna

Alexandrovskoe village

2011.

Goal of the work:

Reveal the importance of lyrical digressions in A.S. Pushkin’s poem “Eugene Onegin”

and era.

Tasks:

- study literature on this topic;

- collect material that reveals the author’s views in lyrical digressions on the described era, culture, language, relationships with other characters in the work.

Idea of ​​work:

Addressing the topic “The role of lyrical digressions in the novel “Eugene Onegin” is due to the fact that A.S. Pushkin is always modern. His works are relevant in our time; they provide answers to many questions.

A.S. Pushkin is a national treasure. Not knowing Pushkin means not knowing your language, your culture, your homeland.

Work plan

1. Creative history novel. The image of the author in A.S. Pushkin’s work “Eugene Onegin”. Features of the genre.

2. Lyrical digressions in the novel. A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” -

one of the most important movements of the text in revealing the concept and characters of the work;

Russian nature in the work:

Nature's clear smile

Through a dream he greets the morning of the year...

Time narration:

Frosty night, the whole sky is clear...

Excursion into Russian history, image of Moscow:

Moscow...so much in this sound

Lyrical digressions dedicated to friendship and love:

There are no others, and those are far away...

Upbringing younger generation 19th century:

We all learned a little bit

Something and somehow.

4. A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” is “an encyclopedia of Russian life.”

Introduction

A.S. Pushkin - Russian poet, founder of Russian literature, creator of modern literary language. Pushkin was able to raise Russian literature to the world level.

The novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” recreates the lifestyle and spiritual composition of the typical, way of life of the capital and provincial nobility.

The problems of purpose and meaning in life are key and central in the novel, because at turning points in history, such as the era of the December uprising of 1825 for Russia, a reassessment of values ​​occurs in people's minds. And at such a time, the poet’s highest moral duty is to point out to society Eternal values, give strong moral guidelines.

The novel in verse absorbed Pushkin’s rich poetic experience, his poetic discoveries and achievements - and naturally, it became one of the most perfect in artistically works not only of A.S. Pushkin, but of all Russian literature.

Each of us has our own Pushkin. For some, Pushkin is a storyteller, for others a lyricist, but for me he is a creator. immortal work"Eugene Onegin".

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Creative history of the novel in verse

“Eugene Onegin is Pushkin’s most significant creation, which consumed half of his life,” said Herzen about the novel. And he is certainly right.

The beginning of writing the novel falls on the southern exile in Chisinau and dates back to May 9, 1823, but in reality the work on the novel covers more early dates. A novel in verse, intended for long years scriptures, a free and not afraid of contradictions story not only about modern heroes, but also the spiritual and intellectual evolution of the author. In 1820, the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” was written, which was Pushkin’s first great experience in writing epic works. Here Pushkin reached almost all the heights and possibilities of free poetic form. The completion of work on “Ruslan and Lyudmila” coincided with the emperor’s sharp dissatisfaction with Pushkin’s behavior and outrageous poems: they were talking about Siberia or repentance in the Solovetsky Monastery, but at the request of friends and patrons, Pushkin was sent into southern exile.

Having met the new boss in Yekaterinoslavl and, with his permission, traveling through the Caucasus and Crimea, Pushkin arrived in Chisinau (September 1820). News of European revolutions and the Greek uprising, contacts with members secret societies, contributed to the growth of political discontent (statements recorded by contemporaries; before his expulsion, Pushkin promised Karamzin not to write “against the government” for two years and kept his word).

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Having filled the vacancy of the “first romantic poet,” Pushkin during the Kishinev-Odessa period (since July 1823 he served under the Novorossiysk Governor-General Count M. S. Vorontsov). He works in different genre and stylistic traditions. Difficulties personal plan, conflicts with Vorontsov, the gloominess of European political prospects (the defeat of revolutions) and the reaction in Russia, led Pushkin to the crisis of 1823-24. At the end of July 1824, the discontent of Vorontsov and the government led to his expulsion from service and exile to his parental estate Mikhailovskoye.

In the autumn of 1824 there was a serious quarrel with his father, who was entrusted with supervising the poet. Pushkin receives spiritual support from the owner of the neighboring estate Trigorskoye P.A. Osipova, her family and her nanny Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva. In Mikhailovsky, Pushkin works intensively: farewell to romanticism occurs in the poems “To the Sea” and “Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet”, the poem “Gypsies”; The 3rd chapter was completed, the 4th was composed and the 5th chapter of “Eugene Onegin” was begun.

In 1830 Pushkin, who has long dreamed of marriage and “his own home,” seeks the hand of N.N. Goncharova, a young Moscow beauty without a dowry. Having set out to take possession of the estate donated by his father for his wedding, he found himself imprisoned for three months in the village of Boldino due to cholera quarantines ( Nizhny Novgorod province). Three months were devoted to summing up the results of youth (Pushkin considered it to be his thirtieth birthday) and searching for new paths. Here “Eugene Onegin” was completed.

The genre of “Eugene Onegin” is a lyric-epic novel in verse. Consequently, it is built on the inextricable interaction of two

plots: epic (the main characters Onegin and Tatyana) and lyrical (where the main character is the narrator). Onegin is a typical figure for noble youth of the 20s of the 19th century. Also in " Caucasian prisoner“A.S. Pushkin set out to show in the hero “that premature old age of the soul,” which has become the main feature of the younger generation.

The novel "Eugene Onegin" is the first realistic Russian novel. In 1833, the novel was published in full. The author of the work invented a special stanza of writing, which he called “Onegin stanza”

During the seven years during which it was created, a lot changed both in Russia and in Pushkin himself, and all these changes were reflected in the novel. The novel was created in the course of life and became a chronicle of Russian life and its unique poetic history.

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The role of lyrical digressions.

A lyrical digression is the author’s speech in an epic or lyric epic work, expressing the author’s direct attitude to the depicted plot.

Thus, in the novel “Eugene Onegin”, the composition of a “free work” allows one to include in it a variety of author’s digressions: lyrical memories associated with events in the poet’s life, appeals to friends, to the reader run through the entire novel; thoughts arise about the value of the human person.

“Eugene Onegin” is the first realistic novel in Russian literature, which reflects the century and depicts modern man correctly. In this work, the author freely moves from the plot narrative to lyrical digressions that interrupt the flow of the “free novel.”

In lyrical digressions, the author tells us his opinion about certain events, characterizes his heroes Evgeny Onegin and Tatyana Larina, Olga and Lensky, and talks about himself. So we learn about the author’s friends, about literary life, about plans for the future, we get acquainted with his thoughts about the meaning of life, about love and friendship; which gives us the opportunity to get an idea not only of the heroes of the novel, of the life of Russian society of that time, but also of the personality of the poet himself.

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Lyrical digressions about native nature.

F.M. Dostoevsky once said: “Beauty will save the world.” Our modern reality needs salvation; only nature can help people. She gives spiritual strength. One of the most important topics The author's digression in the novel is the depiction of nature. It is this theme that helps to understand the characters and reveal them spiritual world. Tatyana is close to the poet in that she subtly perceives the beauty of fields and forests, she is a “child of nature”:

The village where Evgeniy was bored

It was a lovely place...

Tatyana lived among the beauties of Russian nature, “where herds roamed the meadows.” It would seem that Lensky internally suits Tatyana better, he could understand her: He fell in love with dense groves,

Solitude, silence,

And the night, and the stars, and the moon.

But Lensky fell in love with the charming and sweet-looking Olga. And Tatyana is sensitive, she dreamed that Onegin defeated Lensky. The dream turned out to be prophetic; it was her natural instinct that could help the heroine look into the future.

There are all seasons here: and winter, “when the joyful people of the boys cut the ice with their skates.” The author says that in the village in

winter time monotonous and boring “the village of that time sometimes involuntarily bothers the eye,” but still finds the charm of this time of year:

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Winter! The peasant, triumphant,

On the firewood he renews the path;

His horse smelling snow,

Trotting along somehow.

And now the frost is crackling

And shines silver among the fields...

Nature's clear smile

Through a dream greets the morning of the year

Bee for field tribute

Flies from a wax cell

…And the nightingale

Already sang in the silence of the nights

Southern winters cartoon,

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It will flash and not: this is known,

Even though we don't want to admit it

The sky was already breathing in autumn

The sun shone less often

The day was getting shorter

Mysterious forest canopy

She stripped herself naked with a sad noise...

For the first time in Russian literature, a rural landscape of the Central Russian strip appears before us. Everything truly Russian, Pushkin believes, is inextricably linked with nature and is in harmony with it. Nature helps reveal the characters’ characters; sometimes the landscape is described through their perception:

Tatiana saw through the window

The next morning the yard turned white.

The landscape exists in the novel along with the characters, which allows the author to characterize them inner world. The author emphasizes the spiritual

Tatyana's closeness with nature.

Tatyana (Russian in soul, without knowing why)

With her cold beauty

I loved Russian winter.

There is frost in the sun on a frosty day,

And the sleigh and the late dawn

The glow of pink snows,

And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.

A lot of A.S. Pushkin refers to the description of the time of day, the most beautiful of which is night.

The night is frosty, the whole sky is clear;

The night has many lovely stars.

Thus, in lyrical digressions, the author was able to show his attitude to the nature of the Central Russian zone, through the heroes’ relationship to nature, to reveal their essence and understanding of life. The reader was able to see the spiritual world of the heroes.

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Excursion into Russian history

Moscow is the shrine of Russia, its heart, it is not for nothing that enemies of all times and peoples, be it Tatar, French or German, tried to capture the city in order to stop the life of Russia, and tried to stop the heart. For A.S. Pushkin, Moscow is the main and most important place in life:

Moscow... so much in this sound

For the Russian heart it has merged!

How much resonated in him.

In Moscow, two fateful moments occurred in the poet’s life: the tsar’s order to end his exile during the coronation of Tsar Nicholas 1, where the poet was urgently taken in 1826, and the marriage of A.S. Pushkin, the beginning of a new life.

By placing the heroes of his novel against the background of St. Petersburg and the Russian village, he created, as it were, an encyclopedia of Russian reality. The author could not help but show the heroine in Moscow. The description of Moscow occurs in chapter 7 of the novel. A.S. Pushkin leads to this chapter with 3 epigraphs:

Moscow, Russia's beloved daughter

Persecution of Moscow! What does it mean to see the light?

How can you not love your native Moscow? (author Baratynsky).

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A.S. Pushkin himself confesses his love for Moscow sincerely:

Ah, brothers! How pleased I was

When churches and bell towers

Gardens, palace semicircle

Suddenly opened up before me!

How often in sorrowful separation,

In my wandering destiny,

Moscow, I was thinking about you!

Moscow, there is so much in this sound

For the Russian heart it has merged!

How much resonated with him!

When the novel describes Tatyana Larina's arrival in Moscow, the author lists the sights of the city, including Petrovsky Castle. The visitors were struck by the numerous church chapters; in Moscow there were about 270 churches and 20 monasteries.

But it's getting close. In front of them

Already white-stone Moscow,

Like heat, golden crosses

Ancient chapters are burning.

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Booths, women, boys, benches, lanterns flash past... The Larins stopped in the parish of the Church of St. Charitonius. This place was familiar to A.S. Pushkin from his childhood memories, where he lived for some time. 5 stanzas are dedicated to the Larins’ travel around Moscow. Tatiana was brought to the “bride fair”; the heroine’s fate will be settled in Moscow, as well as the author’s.

The framework about Moscow is expanding with the Patriotic War of 1812:

Napoleon waited in vain

Intoxicated with the last happiness

Moscow kneeling

With the keys of the old Kremlin...

A.S. Pushkin writes about the city with patriotism:

No, my Moscow did not go

To him with a guilty head.

Not a holiday, not a receiving gift,

She was preparing a fire.

Reading these lines, every person’s heart beats for the strength and greatness of the city.

For me, these words are associated with patriotism, pride in our Motherland.

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In Chapter 7 of the novel, A.S. Pushkin erected a poetic monument to the city, and Moscow erected its own to the poet, thereby expressing gratitude to the great poet.

Lyrical digressions about theater, ballet, culture.

What brilliant lines are dedicated to the theater. Living in the city, Evgeny Onegin attends balls, theaters, and banquets. But gradually he became bored with such a life:

He looked in great absentmindedness -

He turned away and yawned.

From these lines we learn how secular youth were raised. But the life of a young socialite did not kill Onegin’s feelings, as it seems at first glance, but “only cooled…”. Now Onegin is not interested in theater or ballet, which cannot be said about the author. For Pushkin, the St. Petersburg Theater is a “magical land”, which he mentions while in exile:

Will I hear your choirs again?

Will I see the Russian Terpsichore

Soul-filled flight?

The theater is already full; the boxes shine;

The stalls and the chairs - everything is boiling...

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There are no others, and those are far away...

Expresses admiration for the incomparable art of the famous Istomina: “with one foot, touching the floor, she flies like a light feather...”

Brilliant, half-airy,

I obey the magic bow,

Surrounded by a crowd of nymphs,

Worth Istomin...

The author acquires the meaning of life in his purpose. The entire novel is filled with deep reflections on art. Pushkin's life is unthinkable without spiritual work. This is exactly what Onegin is the opposite of. He has no need for work. He tried to immerse himself in reading, but... “he was sick of persistent work.”

They kept life peaceful

Habits of a dear old man.

Becoming brilliant socialite, main character has not lost touch with the national culture.

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It reunited folk tradition with high culture enlightened nobility.

The same thing happens with the author, who has mastered both the nobility and folk culture, turning them into a single national one. The main character goes from folk tradition to the nobility, the author, on the contrary, from the nobility to the people.

I believe that the poet’s ideal was a unified culture, combining the high achievements of noble education and humane folk morality.

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Lyrical digressions about friendship and love.

Friendship, nobility, devotion, love are qualities always highly valued by A.S. Pushkin. However, life confronted the poet not only with at its best these moral values:

Whom to love?

Who to believe?

Who won't cheat on us alone?

Some lyrical digressions in the novel are autobiographical in nature. This gives us the right to say that the novel is the story of the personality of the poet himself. A.S. Pushkin is another hero of the work.

Creativity, like love, plays a role in the life of a poet big role. He himself admits that all poets are “friends of dreamy love.” Poetry and the author’s life are closely intertwined:

Love's crazy anxiety

I experienced it bleakly.

Blessed is he who combined with her

Fever of rhymes; he doubled it

Poetry is sacred nonsense...

The novel “Eugene Onegin” is a diary where the poet lays out his most secret things. For the author and Tatyana, love is a huge, intense spiritual work. For Lensky it is a necessary romantic attribute. For Onegin, love is not passion, but entertainment, sometimes for the author. He learns true feeling only towards the end of the novel: when the experience of suffering comes. Onegin, unlike romantic heroes, is directly related to modern times, with real circumstances and people of the 1820s. The author treats his hero with a little irony, which cannot be said about Lensky. Pushkin does not try to widely reveal the image of Lensky. The author tries to exclude any finality of the novel.

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Introducing readers to the image of Tatyana, the author notes that her name is closely connected with the world provincial life, but at the same time the heroine is well-read.

She was raised on French novels. In them she found the image of Onegin, his romantic, mysterious features.

Thus, Tatyana fell in love with the literary hero, and she wrote a letter to him. After leaving the village, the heroine ends up in Onegin’s office. Those books that Eugene Onegin read, Tatyana tried to read, tried to understand his world through books, through notes in the margins.

And it starts little by little

My Tatyana understand...

Isn't he a parody?

And here the author’s position completely coincides with the heroine’s position: he is not “the creator of hell or heaven.” Tatyana begins to understand Onegin's world. Throughout the novel, Tatyana changes: she learned to restrain her feelings, from a provincial girl she turned into a county young lady. In the novel, another character who changes before the reader’s eyes is the author. This brings the author closer to his heroine:

Tatiana, dear Tatiana!

With you now I shed tears;

You're in the hands of a fashionable tyrant

I've already given up my fate.

Thus, A.S. Pushkin’s novel is a work about possible, but missed happiness. The tragedy of the novel lies in the fact that the best Russian people do not find happiness in reality. The author himself values ​​and values ​​such qualities as friendship and love.

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Lyrical digressions about education and training.

A.S. Pushkin, using the example of the main character, shows the lifestyle of the “golden noble youth”. Onegin, tired of the noise of the ball, returns late and wakes up only “after noon.” Evgeny's life is “monotonous and colorful”: balls, restaurants, theaters, more balls. Of course, such a life could not satisfy an intelligent, thinking person. We understand why Onegin was disappointed in the surrounding society. After all, this elite are people who are selfish, indifferent, deprived high thoughts. Pushkin describes this society in more detail in the eighth chapter:

Here, however, was the color of the capital,

And know, and fashion samples,

Faces you meet everywhere

Necessary fools...

A.S. Pushkin studied at the Lyceum; in the novel he mentions his years of study and his friends:

And I see, I apologize to you,

That's my poor style anyway.

I could have been much less colorful

In alien words.

Something and somehow...

Main character compared with outstanding personalities that time. The reader understands that the knowledge that they (Chaadaev, Kaverin) possessed is not available to Onegin. The hero is below their level, but above average

a person in his circle. Therefore, Onegin is bored, and he runs to the village:

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Two days seemed new to him

Lonely fields

The coolness of the gloomy oak forest,

The babbling of a quiet stream;

On the third grove, hill and field

He was no longer interested...

But even in the village the hero does not find something to his liking. The only thing Onegin was enough for:

He is the yoke of the ancient corvée

I replaced it with a light quitrent...

I was born for a peaceful life

For village silence...

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With the help of lyrical digressions, A.S. Pushkin introduces the era with its life, with real people. The author put his mind, his powers of observation, life and literary experience, your knowledge of Russia.

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" there are about 80 lyrical retreats. They matter because they reveal the author's inner world. Lyrical digressions are live communication between the author and the characters. The peculiarity of the work is that the novel in verse assumes authorial freedom. A.S. Pushkin speaks about freedom in Chapter 8 of the novel. The freedom of Pushkin's work is, first of all, a relaxed conversation between the author and readers. Such freedom allowed the author to recreate historical picture modern society, in the words of V.G. Belinsky, write “an encyclopedia of Russian life.”

The novel “Eugene Onegin” is a special novel. It has two spaces. One of them is real. The author lives in it, who is connected with the personality of the person and the poet. A.S. Pushkin is the prototype of the author who talks about himself, about his muse, about his own creative destiny. This is a real novel, it is lyrical, because the main person in it is the poet. Inside this novel there is a “conventional” novel with an epic plot. The author is constantly with readers and with heroes, freely reflects on the problems of society. This is a work about a Russian thinking person of the post-Petrine era.

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Bibliography

1. Pushkin A.S. Eugene Onegin. Moscow. Fiction 1980

2. Maratsman V.G. Roman A.S. Pushkin in school study. Moscow. Enlightenment 1983.

3. Arkhangelsky A.N. Russian writers of the 19th century. Large educational reference

Moscow. Bustard 2000.

4. Kern (Markova-Vinogradova) A.P. Memories of Pushkin. Moscow. Sov. Russia 1989.

5. Belinsky V.G. Selected articles. Leningrad. Lenizdat 1979.

6. Korovina V. Ya. Textbook - an anthology of literature. 9th grade. Moscow. Enlightenment 2009.

7. Internet resources.

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V. G. Belinsky highly and appreciated brilliant creation our national poet. The great critic wrote: "Let time goes by and brings with it new needs, let it grow Russian society and overtakes “Onegin”: no matter how far it goes, it will always love this poem, will always fix its gaze on it, filled with love and gratitude...”

The novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” is one of the greatest assets of Russian literature of the 19th century. Everyone who read this work found something new for themselves. V. G. Belinsky rightly called the novel “an encyclopedia of Russian life.”
In “Eugene Onegin” A.S. Pushkin separated the author from the main character. The narrator, on whose behalf the story is told, is present in the novel along with other characters. And the author’s worldview differs from the worldview of his heroes.
The poet in the novel raises many problems: the position of a person in society, the influence of historical conditions on the individual, unhappy love, the meaning of life. The novel is given a special uniqueness by lyrical digressions, in which the author expresses his attitude to events and characters, and also philosophizes on various topics.
In my opinion, in his lyrical digressions, Pushkin emphasizes the spiritual closeness of himself and the main character of the work: “Onegin is my good friend,” “Tatyana is a dear ideal.” The author's reflections are primarily an extra-plot element, with the help of which the narrator addresses the reader from the pages of the book, while certain ideas are expressed directly, and not on behalf of any character.
In “Eugene Onegin” there are twenty-seven lyrical digressions and about fifty different lyrical insertions. For a novel, which the author himself called “free,” this form of communication with the reader is very important, since it creates the feeling of a relaxed conversation on the most different topics. So, Pushkin reflects on his favorite pastime - literature, on the desire to write in prose.
I believe that lyrical digressions seem to recreate the image of Pushkin himself - an intelligent, loving, humane man. This was the reason for Belinsky to say: “Onegin” is Pushkin’s most sincere work, the most beloved child of his imagination, here is his whole life, all his soul, all his love; here are his feelings, concepts, ideals.” In lyrical digressions, the poet raises pressing problems of his time, and also addresses eternal, human issues. Most often it is associated with love:
Love for all ages;
But to young virgin hearts
Her impulses are beneficial,
Like storms outside the fields.
In the rain of passions they become fresh,
And they renew themselves and mature -
And the mighty life gives
And lush color and sweet fruit.
In another digression, Pushkin writes about romantic literary heroes, to which the author gives his own special characteristics:
Lord Byron by a lucky whim
Cloaked in sad romanticism
And hopeless selfishness.
The poet also addresses his contemporary society, in which there is a lot of envy, pretense and cruelty. Often some absurdity in this society can cause the death or murder of a person:
Enemies!
They are in silence to each other
They are preparing death in cold blood...
Shouldn't they laugh while
Their hand is not stained,
Shouldn't we part ways amicably?..
But wildly secular enmity
Afraid of false shame.
Pushkin abandons the traditional introduction with an address to the muse, but there is something similar to this at the end of the seventh chapter:
Yes, by the way, here are two words about that:
I sing to my young friend
And his many quirks
Bless my long work,
O you epic muse!
The language of lyrical digressions is distinguished by liveliness, simplicity and expressiveness, which, in my opinion, creates spontaneity and friendliness towards the reader and the characters of the novel. Through the language of the narrative, the author expressed his attitude towards the characters. So, in the first chapter, the reader is familiar with Onegin, Pushkin used the style of secular speech with its feature of “without being forced to touch on everything lightly in a conversation.” He used French in English words, spoke with a grin about Onegin’s upbringing, about his education. Characterizing Lensky’s subtle and impressionable nature, the author used romantic vocabulary: “He wandered the world with a lyre,” “the soul ignited in him with poetic fire.”
The author describes his favorite heroine Tatyana in a completely different way. There is a special kindness and warmth in his words. The epithet dear is used very often: “I love Tatyana so much,” “Tatyana, dear Tatyana,” “and dear Tanya’s youth fades.” Also, when describing her image, the narrator uses diminutive forms of words: “she wrote with a charming finger,” “the little voice sounds.” Talking about a girl’s love, the poet decorates the lines with epithets and metaphors, emphasizing her emotional turmoil: “drinks, seductive deception”, “the cheeks are covered with instant flame.” Thus, various artistic and stylistic means successfully used by Pushkin to express his attitude towards the heroes and to more accurately characterize them.
Thus, we can say that the author in the novel appears as an educated and wise person. He is deep and attentive to the problems of contemporary society. His statements are so bright and expressive that they later became aphorisms (“you can be a practical person and think about the beauty of your nails,” “all ages are submissive to love,” “like rosy lips without a smile, without a grammatical error, I don’t like Russian speech”). The author often empathizes with his heroes, and he is not indifferent to their fates.
I think “Eugene Onegin” - amazing work, since it was not similar to others either in its form or content. The peculiarity of the novel is its content and relevance both for the nineteenth century and for our days.

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1. In Russian classical literature there is no work equal in richness of subject matter Pushkin's novel"Eugene Onegin". On the pages of the novel, the poet not only narrates the fate of his heroes, but also shares with the reader his own creative plans, talks about literature, theater and music, Read More......
2. 1. V. G. Belinsky about Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”. 2. Historicism of the work. 3. Lyrical digressions in the novel. A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” is realistic work. V. G. Belinsky wrote that “Onegin” is a picture of Russian society that is poetically true to reality Read More ......
3. Roman by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” – greatest work, which has no analogues in genre in Russian literature. This is not just a novel, but a novel in verse, as Pushkin wrote, “a devilish difference.” The novel “Eugene Onegin” is a realistic, historical, social and everyday novel, Where Read More ......
4. The novel “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin is “an encyclopedia of Russian life, which reflected the historical era, presented through the history of the hero and the plot, through an objective narrative. Pushkin himself wrote that by novel he meant “ historical era, developed on fictional narrative" But Read More......
5. At one time, critic V. G. Belinsky called the novel “Eugene Onegin” “an encyclopedia of Russian life.” Pushkin touched on many things in it: the problems of duty and honor, Russian culture, happiness, love, fidelity... The poet’s personality is manifested in every line of the novel: in monologues, remarks. In the image of Read More......
6. When V. G. Belinsky called the novel “Eugene Onegin” “an encyclopedia of Russian life,” he first of all, of course, highlighted the diversity of ideas and paintings public life, rural and urban life shown by the writer. But in this “encyclopedia”, a prominent place was also occupied by descriptions of nature, which Read More ......
7. Pushkin and Gogol were innovators in Russian literature. They also resolved the issue of the role of the author in their works in a new way. Thus, in Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”, along with the main character Eugene Onegin, the image of the author lives and acts. This is a full-fledged hero, because Read More......
8. “Pushkin would have done even better if he had named his poem after Tatyana, and not Onegin, for undoubtedly she is the main character of the poem” F. M. Dostoevsky The novel “Eugene Onegin” is one of most interesting works Pushkin, which took about nine Read More ......

RESPONSE PLAN

1. Features of the genre of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”.

2. The role of lyrical digressions in the novel.

3. The topic of lyrical digressions in the novel: the poet’s views on culture, literature, language; reconstruction of the poet's biography; the poet's memories of his youth and friends; appeal to the Muse and the reader; landscape sketches; education and pastime of youth; everyday life, fashion; Russian history.

4. The novel “Eugene Onegin” is the author’s lyrical diary.

1. A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” is the greatest work that has no analogues in genre in Russian literature. This is not just a novel, but a novel in verse, as Pushkin wrote, “a devilish difference.” The novel “Eugene Onegin” is a realistic, historical, social and everyday novel, where Pushkin depicted Russian life on an unprecedentedly wide, truly historical scale. In his novel two principles merged - lyrical and epic. The plot of the work is epic, and lyrical is author's attitude to the plot, characters, reader, which is expressed in numerous lyrical digressions.

The heroes of the novel are like “ good friends” by its creator: “I love my dear Tatyana so much,” “I became friends with him at that time...”, “My poor Lensky...” Lyrical digressions expand the time frame of the plot action in the novel, connecting the past to it.

3. The author’s voice is heard in numerous lyrical digressions, in which he, distracted from the action, talks about himself, shares his views on culture, literature, and language. Lyrical digressions present the author as a hero own novel and reconstruct his biography. In the poetic lines, the poet’s memories of the days when in the gardens of the Lyceum “he serenely blossomed” and the Muse began to “appear” to him come to life, about forced exile - “will the hour of my freedom come?”

The author as a character in the novel is associated with the mention of his friends and acquaintances: Kaverin, Delvig, Chaadaev, Derzhavin, sad and bright words about past days and departed friends: “Some are no longer there, but those are far away...” In reflections on life, its transience , the poet is visited by philosophical thoughts about time, which he shares with his readers on the pages of the novel:

Am I about to be thirty years old...

……………………………………

But it's sad to think that it's in vain

We were given youth.

……………………………………

Perhaps it won't drown in Lethe

A stanza composed by me;

Perhaps (a flattering hope!)

The future ignorant will point out

To my illustrious portrait

And he says: that was the Poet!

The poet is concerned about the fate of his creation, and he, constantly turning to the reader and presenting him with a “collection motley chapters", tells from the pages of his novel how he works on it:

I finished the first chapter;

I reviewed all of this strictly:

There are a lot of contradictions

But I don’t want to fix them.

……………………………

It's time for me to become smarter

Get better in business and style,

And this fifth notebook

Clear from deviations.

The themes of lyrical digressions in Eugene Onegin are very diverse. We learn about how secular youth were brought up and spent their time, the author’s opinion about balls, fashion, food, and the life of the “golden” noble youth. This is the theme of love: “What smaller woman we love, the easier it is for her to like us,” and the theme of the theater where Didelot’s ballets were performed and Istomina danced, and a description of everyday life landed nobility, going back to oral folk art, - Tatyana’s dream, reminiscent of a Russian fairy tale, fortune telling.

Dwelling on the description of the life of the local nobility, in particular the Larin family living in the village, the author says:

They kept life peaceful

Habits of a dear old man.

…………………………………

She went to work

Solila on winter mushrooms,

She managed expenses, shaved her foreheads...

Numerous landscape sketches are important for the development of the action. All seasons of the year pass before the reader: summer with a sad noise, with its meadows and golden fields, autumn, when the forests were exposed, winter, when the frosts crack, spring:

Nature's clear smile

Through a dream he greets the morning of the year;

And the nightingale

Already singing in the silence of the night.

For the first time in Russian literature, a rural landscape of the Central Russian strip appears before us. Nature helps reveal the characters’ characters; sometimes the landscape is described through their perception:

Tatiana saw through the window

In the morning the yard turned white.

Another topic of lyrical digressions has important in the novel it is an excursion into Russian history. The lines about Moscow and Patriotic War 1812:

Moscow... so much in this sound

For the Russian heart it has merged!

How much resonated with him!

…………………………………

Napoleon waited in vain

Intoxicated with the last happiness,

Moscow kneeling

With the keys of the old Kremlin;

No, my Moscow did not go

To him with a guilty head.

4. The novel “Eugene Onegin” is a deeply lyrical work. This is a diary novel, from which we learn no less about Pushkin than about his heroes, and the author’s voice does not interfere, but contributes to the disclosure of images with realistic breadth and truth. Having recreated an entire historical era and linked the epic and lyrical into a single whole, the novel was (as the author intended) “the fruit of the mind of cold observations and the heart of sorrowful notes.”