N s Leskov literary portrait of the writer. Presentation on literature N.S. Leskov The Enchanted Wanderer (grade 10)

This is not life, but only living...

Portrait of a writer, art. V. Serov

LIVES OF THE SAINTS- biographies of clergy and secular persons canonized Christian Church. They are studied as historical, literary and linguistic sources.

Lives of the first Russian saints: books of Boris and Gleb, Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, Olga, Theodosius of Pechersk (11-12 centuries).

“Our family... comes from the clergy...”
“I’m completely self-taught...”
Start literary path
Creative flourishing
Leading creative themes
Late period of creativity
Characteristics of creativity
“Leskov – writer of the future” (L. N. Tolstoy)
House-Museum of N. S. Leskov
As a sign of memory
Books by N. S. Leskov

date

Basic

events

Stages of creativity

1831- was born in the Gorokhov family of the Oryol province in the family of a minor official.

1839- his father (who graduated from a theological seminary, but chose the position of investigator instead of a career as a priest) retired, bought a small farm and moved there with his family.

Akilina Vasilievna Alferyeva, grandmother of N. S. Leskova, 1851

Marya Petrovna Leskova, mother of the writer, 1873

1841 – 1846– study at a gymnasium, self-education.

1848- the death of his father, Leskov is forced to serve as a clerk in the Oryol Chamber of the Criminal Court.

1849– moving to Kyiv to live with my mother’s brother. Attends lectures at Kiev University. He studies the Polish language, is interested in icon painting, takes part in a religious and philosophical student circle, communicates with pilgrims, Old Believers, and sectarians.

1853 - marriage to the daughter of a Kyiv merchant Olga Vasilyevna Smirnova.

1857– moving to the village of Raiskoye, Penza province. Having accepted business offer A. Ya. Shkott, Leskov becomes an agent of his commercial company Shkott and Wilkens, which manages rich estates.

1860- the company’s business declines, Leskov returns to Kyiv and begins literary activity: writes articles for newspapers and magazines.

Writer's pseudonyms: M. Stebnitsky, P. Leskov-Stebnitsky, M. Leskov-Stebnitsky, Freishits, V. Peresvetov, Nikolay Ponukalov, Nikolay Gorokhov, Someone, Dm. M-ev, Member of Society, Priest. P. Kastorsky, Divyank, B. Protozanov, Nikolai-ov, Lover of Antiquities, Passer-by, Lover of Watches, N. L.

1860– moving to Kyiv.

1862– Leskov becomes an employee of the newspaper “Northern Bee” (article about fires).

1862- story “The Extinguished Case” (“Drought”).

1864– novel “Nowhere”, story “Lady Macbeth” Mtsensk district».

1865- Leskov entered into a civil marriage with the widow Ekaterina Bubnova (nee Savitskaya)

1867 - play “Spendthrift.

1870- novel “On Knives”.

1872– the story “The Sealed Angel”, the novel “The Soborians”.

1873- story “The Enchanted Wanderer”.

1880– acquaintance with L.N. Tolstoy.

1881- story “Lefty”.

N. S. Leskov, 1885

From the very beginning, Leskova firmly entered into her work theme of Russian nihilism and nihilists, manifested with varying degrees of openness in the novels, novellas, stories “Outlooked”, “Islanders”, “Soborians”, “Journey with a Nihilist”, etc.

But the main theme in Leskov’s work is righteousness. In the 1870s, the writer created the chronicle “The Councilors,” the cycle “The Righteous,” the story “The Sealed Angel,” the story “Childhood Years,” the story “At the End of the World,” the essays “Trifles of Bishop’s Life,” the chronicle “A Seedy Family,” etc. .

1891- the story “Midnight Owls”.

1894- story “Hare Remise”.

"My latest works about Russian society are very cruel. “The Corral”, “Winter Day”, “The Lady and the Fela”... The public does not like these things for their cynicism and directness. Yes, I don’t want to please the public. Let her at least choke on my stories and read. I know how to please her, but I don’t want to please her anymore. I want to scourge her and torture her.”

N. S. Leskov, 1892

Satire and criticism extend not only to representatives of the bureaucratic system of the state, but also to “new people” - nihilists, participants in the democratic movement (“Nowhere”, 1864, “On Knives”, 1870, etc.);
Cyclization of stories (“Christ visiting a peasant”, 1881, “Travel with a Nihilist”, 1882, “The Voice of Nature”, 1883, etc.);
Heroes of the works - simple people. Leskov calls them “righteous people.” In their actions in the fight against evil, they are guided by the voice of conscience (“Lefty”, 1881, “The Enchanted Wanderer”, 1873, etc.);
Particular interest in national characteristics life;
Individualization of characters' language and speech characteristics.

Many researchers noted Leskov’s special knowledge of the Russian spoken language and his masterful use of this knowledge.

Main complaint literary criticism to Leskov in those years was what seemed to her “excessive applied colors,” deliberate expressiveness of speech.

Leskov the artist was appreciated only in the 20th century, when articles by M. Gorky appeared about his innovation and dramatic creative destiny, works by B. M. Eikhenbaum about Leskov’s tale style, illustrations by B. M. Kustodiev, D. D. Shostakovich’s opera “Katerina Izmailova” (based on “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk”), numerous performances and films based on his works.

Memorial sign

G. Orel, “Lefty”

Philately

« Great encyclopedia Cyril and Methodius" (electronic textbook).
Who's Who: The Newest School Student's Guide. – M.: Slovo, Eksmo, 2007. – 1120 p.

3. Rodin I. O. Literature: educational and reference manual. / I. O. Rodin, T. M. Pimenova. – M.: AST: Astrel, 2005. – 447 p.

http://ru.wikipedia.org
http://az.lib.ru

N.S. Leskov. Literary portrait of a writer. Tale "Lefty". For a literature lesson in 6th grade. Kolotukhina E.V.

Vocabulary work. Who is the storyteller? Which Russian writer used the “skaz” form of work? What tales do you know?

Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov (1831-1895) Whose contemporary was N.S. Leskov? Tell us about the writer's family. What kind of education did N.S. receive? Leskov? What works of Leskov have you read?

N.S. Leskov about himself: “...By origin I belong to hereditary nobility Oryol province... Our family actually comes from the clergy. My grandfather, priest Dmitry Leskov, and his father, grandfather and great-grandfather were all priests in the village of Leski, which is located in the Karachay district of the Oryol province. From this village of Leski our family surname came - Leskovs...”

Leskov's house in Orel.

From Kaz "Lefty" Tale is a folklore form that stands on the verge of everyday speech and artistic creativity. What is the difference between a tale and a fairy tale? Let's pay attention to the full name. Why did the author give the work such a long title? What else can you learn from the title?

Expressive reading 1st chapter.

Analysis of the 1st chapter of the tale. Who could the storyteller, narrator be? When and where does the story take place? Who are the bosses? characters in chapter 1? What did the British want to surprise the Russians with? For what? What did Platov want to prove to the British? Why? What invention surprised the sovereign? What did Platov do about this? Can we say that Platov is a patriot of the Russian land? A patriot is one who loves his Fatherland, is devoted to his people, and is ready to make sacrifices and heroic deeds in the name of the interests of his Motherland.

Flea What was the fate of the flea? Who got it?

Lesson summary. Why did Leskov choose the narrator? common man? What is the peculiarity and unusualness of the genre of this work? What new did you learn in the lesson?

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Slide captions:

Characteristics of the characters in the tale “Lefty”. For a literature lesson in 6th grade. Kolotukhina E.V.

Checking the d/z Retelling the episodes (in narrative order) Why did you choose this chapter for retelling? What do you think is the main idea in this chapter?

Alexander Pavlovich (Alexander 1) What quotes characterizing Alexander Pavlovich did you find in the work? Give brief comments on each quote.

“How Platov accepted the work of Tula masters” How he appeared before the masters Don Cossack Platov? Find verbs that name the actions of Platov. How do these actions characterize Platov?

How is the narrator's attitude towards Platov and Nicholas 1 shown in chapters 11-12?

Results By what means does Leskov portray his heroes? By what signs can you determine author's attitude to the heroes: Alexander 1, Nikolai 1, Platov?

Homework Prepare a story about the fate of a left-handed left-hander. Expressive reading of one of the chapters (13-16).

Materials by A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014, pp. 140-143. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014 - pp. 128-132. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade – R.-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015, pp. 81-84. Author of the template source: Lidiya Petrovna Fokina.

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“Terrible secret” of Tula masters. The fate of the left-hander. For a literature lesson in 6th grade. Kolotukhina E.V.

Checking d/z Expressive reading of chapter 13.

About the fate of the Tula oblique left-hander How is left-handedness portrayed? What do we learn about him?

How is the job described? three masters- gunsmiths?

How did the residents of Tula try to find out what the “terrible secret” was?

What struck the left-handed English masters?

Who is to blame for the terrible fate of the left-hander?

Results The main qualities of a left-handed person: ... The main idea of the author: ...

Homework Questions and assignments 1,2 headings “Improving our speech”. Make a dictionary unusual words tale

Materials by A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014, pp. 140-144. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014 - pp. 128-135. Artists' illustrations. Author of the template source: Lidiya Petrovna Fokina.

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Slide captions:

Features of the language of the tale by N.S. Leskova “Lefty” For a literature lesson in the 6th grade. Kolotukhina E.V.

Checking the homework Questions and tasks 1,2 of the heading “Improving our speech” (p. 270).

The world of language mysteries by N. Leskova Task “Decipherer” Read the words and decipher what they mean. Why did the author come up with and use these words in the story? 1st team 2nd team 3rd team 4th team 5th team Double carriage; studying. Abolon Polvedersky; chicken with lynx. Storm gauge; multiplication dot. Bite; with boilie. tugament; Solid Earth Sea.

Let's check 1 2 3 4 5 Double carriage; jelly + pudding. Apollo Belvedere; chicken with rice. Barometer + storm; multiplication table. Couch; with a fight. Document; Mediterranean Sea. Such “folk” words create a humorous effect and give credibility to the image of the narrator, imitating folk speech.

Task “Editor” Replace the highlighted word used by Leskov with a commonly used one; choose synonyms for it. 1st team 2nd team 3rd team 4th team 5th team ... wanted to travel around Europe ... ... and they wanted to bend everyone to their side ... ... only they lowered their nose into a shaggy cloak ... ... they began to show all sorts of surprises ... ... why did the sovereign of the British regret...

Task "Why". Why is the bite called annoying? Why did the writer choose such synonyms for the word master: skilled craftsmen, cunning craftsmen? Why did Leskov use the words belly, back, side, and not belly, back, side when talking about a flea?

Assignment “Culturologist” What Russian tradition is described by N. Leskov? “With us, when a person wants to discover a detailed intention about a girl, he sends a conversational woman, and as she makes an excuse, then they go into the house together politely and look at the girl, without hiding, but with all their kinship.”

Task “Storyteller” Tell a story about a flea on behalf of... 1st team 2nd team 3rd team 4th team 5th team Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich Platov English left-handed flea

Techniques of the comic by N. Leskov Give examples from the text of the following techniques of the comic: play on words, folk etymology, confusion of meanings in distorted words, irony (the use of a word that means opposite meaning), inconsistencies, unexpected effects, deviations from the norm.

Lefty What is your idea of a lefty? Describe his appearance, create an oral portrait.

Results Than final chapter different from the others? What is its main idea? What impression did N. Leskov’s tale make on you?

Homework Complete creative task(p. 271). To prepare for test work based on the works of N.A. Nekrasov and N.S. Leskova

Materials by A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014, pp. 140-144. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014 - pp. 128-137. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade – R.-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015, pp. 83-84. Author of the template source: Lidiya Petrovna Fokina.

Preview:

Test.

Tale "Lefty".

What is a "folding"?

a) folding icon, c) scarf,

b) a folding knife, d) a boot.

What is an “ozyamchik”?

a) sheepskin coat,

b) peasant clothes like a sheepskin coat,

c) peasant clothes like a jacket,

d) peasant clothes like a coat.

Who owns the words: “Don’t spoil politics for me!”?

a) Emperor Pavel Alexandrovich,

b) Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich,

c) Emperor Alexander Pavlovich,

d) Platov.

“The Emperor looked and saw: exactly, the tiniest one was lying on a silver tray...”:

a) figurine, b) flea, c) toy, d) speck.

How many rubles did Platov give to Lefty for his work?

a) 50, b) 100, c) 200, d) 10.

To which city did the masters go “to bow before the icon”?

a) to Tula, b) to Moscow, c) to Kyiv, d) to Mtsensk.

In which nut did the English flea lie?

a) in gold, c) in malachite,

What is the name of the reception?

By force the sovereign grabbed this key and force it into a pinch could hold it, and the other I took a pinch of flea...

What does the word mean dance?

N.S. Leskov "Lefty"

Option 2

What is hidden mockery called?“Platov thinks to himself: “Well, thank God, everything is fine: the sovereign is not surprised at anything.”)?
What is the name of the form of verbal interaction of the hero as an exchange of remarks?
Name the visual medium:

... lies on the silver the tray contains the tiniest speck.

What is the name of the reception?

... a flea was given as a gift, and case they didn’t bring it to her: without case You can’t hold it or the key... But case they have it made from a solid diamond nut... They didn’t show this because case , they say it’s state-owned, but they are strict about state-owned...

What does the word mean beliefs?

Key.

IN 1: 1 – tale, 2 – seven, 3 – epithet, 4 – repetition, 5 – dance.

AT 2: 1 – irony, 2 – dialogue, 3 – epithet, 4 – repetition, 5 – variations.

Literature:

E.L. Lyashenko. Literature tests: Publishing house "Exam", M., 2016, pp. 33-34.

Born on February 4 (February 16), 1831 in the village of Gorokhov, Oryol province, in the family of an investigator and the daughter of an impoverished nobleman. They had five children, Nikolai was the eldest child. The writer spent his childhood in the city of Orel. After his father left office, the family moved from Orel to the village of Panino. This is where Leskov’s study and knowledge of the people began.

Education and career

In 1841, at the age of 10, Leskov entered the Oryol gymnasium. The future writer’s studies did not work out - in 5 years of study he completed only 2 classes. In 1847, Leskov, thanks to the help of his father’s friends, got a job in the Oryol Criminal Chamber of the Court as a clerical employee. At the age of sixteen, tragic events occurred that are worth mentioning even in short biography Leskova - his father died of cholera, and all his property was burned in a fire.

In 1849, Leskov, with the help of his uncle-professor, was transferred to Kyiv as an official of the state chamber, where he later received the position of chief of staff. In Kyiv, Leskov developed an interest in Ukrainian culture and great writers, painting and architecture of the old city.

In 1857, Leskov left his job and entered commercial service in the large agricultural company of his English uncle, on whose business he traveled throughout most of Russia in three years. After the closure of the company, he returned to Kyiv in 1860.

Creative life

The year 1860 is considered the beginning of Leskov’s creative writing, at which time he wrote and published articles in various magazines. Six months later he moves to St. Petersburg, where he plans to engage in literary and journalistic activities.

In 1862, Leskov became a permanent contributor to the Northern Bee newspaper. Working as a correspondent there, he visited Western Ukraine, the Czech Republic and Poland. The life of the Western sister nations was close and attractive to him, so he delved into the study of their art and life. In 1863 Leskov returned to Russia.

Having studied and observed the life of the Russian people for a long time, sympathizing with their sorrows and needs, from the pen of Leskov came the stories “The Extinguished Cause” (1862), the stories “The Life of a Woman”, “Musk Ox” (1863), “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk District” (1865).

In the novels “Nowhere” (1864), “Bypassed” (1865), “On Knives” (1870), the writer revealed the theme of Russia’s unpreparedness for revolution. Maxim Gorky said “...after the evil novel “On Knives” literary creativity Leskova immediately becomes a bright painting or, rather, an icon painting - he begins to create for Russia an iconostasis of its saints and righteous people.”

Having disagreements with revolutionary democrats, Leskov refused to publish many magazines. The only one who published his works was Mikhail Katkov, editor of the Russian Messenger magazine. It was incredibly difficult for Leskov to work with him; the editor edited almost all of the writer’s works, and even refused to publish some of them.

In 1870 - 1880 he wrote the novels “The Soborians” (1872), “A Seedy Family” (1874), where he revealed national and historical issues. The novel “A Seedy Family” was not completed by Leskov due to disagreements with the publisher Katkov. Also at this time he wrote several stories: “The Islanders” (1866), “The Enchanted Wanderer” (1873), “The Sealed Angel” (1873). Fortunately, “The Captured Angel” was not affected by Mikhail Katkov’s editorial edits.

In 1881, Leskov wrote the story “Lefty” (The Tale of the Tula oblique Lefty and about steel flea) - an ancient legend about gunsmiths.

The story “The Hare Remise” (1894) was the writer’s last great work. In it he criticized political system Russia at that time. The story was published only in 1917 after the Revolution.

Leo Tolstoy spoke of Nikolai Semenovich Leskov as "the most Russian of our writers", Anton Chekhov, along with Ivan Turgenev, considered him one of his main mentors.

Writer's personal life

The personal life in the biography of Nikolai Leskov was not very successful. The writer's first wife in 1853 was the daughter of a Kyiv merchant, Olga Smirnova. They had two children - the first-born, son Mitya, who died in infancy, and daughter Vera. The wife fell ill with a mental disorder and was treated in St. Petersburg. The marriage broke up.

In 1865, Leskov lived with the widow Ekaterina Bubnova. The couple had a son, Andrei (1866-1953). He separated from his second wife in 1877.

Last years

The last five years of Leskov’s life were tormented by asthma attacks, from which he later died. Nikolai Semenovich died on February 21 (March 5), 1895 in St. Petersburg. The writer was buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery.

Chronological table

In the biography of Leskov interesting facts A lot has been collected from life. For example, he was an ideological vegetarian. He believed that animals should not be killed. And he was even one of the first to propose creating a special book with recipes for vegetarians.
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Text content of presentation slides: Nikolai Semenovich Leskov Khoreva Svetlana Nikolaevna MBOU Secondary School No. 23, Novosibirsk The creative path of Nikolai Semenovich Leskov was complex and contradictory. His childhood years were spent on Oryol land. First childhood impressions associated with parents' house and Oryol land - the warmest, most joyful. The city of Orel is the city of N.S. Leskov’s childhood and youth, his small homeland, which he called “the microscope of the entire Russian land.” Eagle, noted N.S. Leskov, “has raised as many Russian writers on its shallow waters as no other Russian city has brought them to the benefit of their homeland.” Oryol impressions fed creative imagination writer, were the source of his wonderful works. The author “settled” many of his heroes on Oryol land. Adult life began early for Leskov, at the age of 15, and was filled with numerous travels and communication with a variety of people. After his father's death, he had to earn his own living. Travel around Russia on business, meet people of different classes, hear their speech, become involved in their concerns. Later he will name these years best time own life. Years of wanderings gave him a huge stock of observations, images, types, stories, apt words and turns from which he drew throughout the rest of his life. It is no coincidence that many places in Russia are associated with the name of Leskov. Leskov's creativity At the age of thirty, Leskov moved to Moscow, then to St. Petersburg and began to write. When asked where he gets the material for his works, Leskov pointed to his forehead: “From this chest. The impressions of my commercial service are stored here.” Leskov's work In the 60s, Leskov wrote novellas and short stories, mainly devoted to everyday life provincial Russia; the most famous of them are “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk”, “The Life of a Woman”, “Warrior”. Many of his works are published under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky. In the second half of the 60s - early 70s. anti-nihilistic novels “Nowhere” and “On Knives” appear. The latter brought the writer notoriety and became a kind of crisis that ended Leskov’s settling of accounts with revolutionary movement 60s. Leskov's creativity Since the beginning of the 70s. the second half of Leskov’s activity begins, almost free from the topic of the day. The great success of the novel “The Soborians” allowed both readers and the author himself to identify his main talent and calling - to see and show the bright color of the most gray, at first glance, situations and layers of Russian life. One after another, excellent stories and stories appear: “The Sealed Angel”, “The Enchanted Wanderer”, “ Non-lethal Golovan”, which compiled a special volume in Leskov’s “Collected Works” under the general title “The Righteous”. In 1881, the famous “Lefty” was introduced to readers. “Lefty”, “The Enchanted Wanderer”, “The Stupid Artist”, “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk”, “The Cathedralians” - these books by Nikolai Semenovich Leskov are included in the golden fund of world literature. In them, the writer sang the beauty of the soul and the talent of the common man, his desire for truth and justice, humanity and love for people. Contemporaries about N.S. Leskov “Smart, temperamental, lively, sociable, inquisitive, with prickly black eyes, with a complex and bizarre soul, full of rebellious passions,” - this is how Leskov was seen by his contemporaries. The “enchanted wanderer” Leskov “seemed to have set a goal” for himself to approve and inspire Rus' and began “to create for Russia an iconostasis of its saints and righteous people.” His righteous are little great people.” M. Gorky the Wanderer is 1. A man traveling on foot. 2. A person who goes on pilgrimage to so-called holy places and lives by alms (obsolete). 3. transfer One who constantly moves, wanders, is not in place (poetic). Enchanted is 1. Subjected to enchantment, the action of some kind of spell, i.e. bewitched.2. Caused by the action of some spell. Names of the hero Flyagin Ivan Severyanovich Ivan Golovan Bogatyr-Chernorizets Ivan Severyanovich Mr. Flyagin Life story of Ivan Flyagin “To this new companion of ours, who later turned out to be extremely interesting human by appearance could have been given with small years old over fifty; but he was in the full sense of the word a hero, reminiscent of Grandfather Ilya Muromets in the beautiful Painting by Vereshchagin and in the poem by Count A.K. Tolstoy. It seemed that he would not be able to walk, but would sit on the “forelock and ride in his paws through the forest and lazily smell how the dark forest smells of resin and strawberries.” The life story of Ivan FlyaginChildhood, the salvation of the family of Count KForced flight from homeService as a nanny for an officerDuel with Savakiriy and Tatar captivityService with the prince of the repairer and the story with GrushenkaSoldier's serviceWandering and coming to the monasteryLife in the monasteryThe life story of Ivan Flyagin Fate follows in the footsteps of the hero: new meeting or an event, a tragic denouement, a journey again, and everything repeats itself, but each next test is more terrible than the previous one. Peculiarities of creating the image of the heroMythologyReality Mythological episodesappearance of a monkspirit of a gypsymagneteser demons in a monasteryImage of Ivan FlyaginCharacteristic featuresMindlessnessBlind passionStrength of youthCourageNaivenessSavvyKindnessTalentLoveVitalitySpiritual growthLack of internal moral laws (spirit sleeps)Awakening of the spiritAwareness of sinsPreaching of Nicholas the Wonderworker and Christ The struggle of spirit and fleshRighteousness The image of Ivan Flyagin... I really want to die for the people Author's idea Ivan Severyanych Flyagin through During his travels, he tried to comprehend “perfect beauty” (the charm of life), finding it in everything - now in horses, now in the beautiful Grushenka, and in the end - in the image of the Motherland, for which he was going to fight. Leskov's Righteous Men A righteous man for Leskov is “one who, overcoming his shortcomings, strives to subordinate his life to serving people.” The righteous are “little great people,” dispassionate and selfless, fighting for justice. A righteous person is necessarily a patriot, “a lover of the fatherland, a zealot for its good, a lover of the fatherland...” A righteous person is a believer who lives a righteous life. A person who strictly adheres to the commandments and moral precepts of any religion. A person who does not sin in any way against the rules of morality. Russian national character Moral and physical strength Mental generosity Richly gifted, talented Willingness to come to the aid of the weak Whole nature Love for the people, homeland, nature Leskov's Heroes Leskov's Heroes Leskov's Heroes Monument to Leskov in Orel

Attached files

Nikolai Semenovich Leskov “As an artist of words, N.S. Leskov is fully worthy to stand next to such creators of Russian literature as Tolstoy, Gogol, Turgenev, Gogcharov. Leskov’s talent in strength and beauty is slightly inferior to the talent of any of the named creators of the Holy Scriptures about the Russian land, and in the breadth of coverage of the phenomena of life, the depth of understanding of its everyday mysteries, and his subtle knowledge of the Great Russian language, he often exceeds the named predecessors and his comrades.” M. Gorky

N.S. Leskov was born on February 16, 1831 in the village. Gorokhovo, Oryol province “Our house was in Oryol on Third Dvoryanskaya Street and stood third from the bank cliff above the Orlik River. The place is quite beautiful." Since y.y. The house belonged to the noble assessor of the Oryol court chamber Semyon Dmitrievich Leskov, the father of the writer. Since 1974 - Leskov's house-museum

Education N.S. Leskova N.S. Leskov studied at the Oryol gymnasium, but did not graduate, having received a pathetic certificate issued to a 3rd grade student, which closed his way to the university and lyceum. Later, he regretted it more than once: the lack of diplomas caused him a lot of trouble.

Start creative activity Leskov spent his youth in Kyiv, which was his “school of life,” and served as an official in public and private service. “He took up the work of a writer mature man, superbly armed not with book knowledge, but with genuine knowledge of life.” M. Gorky

He “pierced all of Rus'” M. Gorky “I boldly, perhaps even boldly, think that I know the Russian person to his very depths, and I do not take any credit for this. I was one of my own with the people... I stood between the peasant and the rods tied to him.” N.S.'s office Leskova in Orel.

St. Petersburg At the turn of the year Leskov moved to St. Petersburg, which from then on became the main “residence” of the writer until his death. In St. Petersburg, he makes numerous acquaintances, enters the rhythm of the bustling metropolitan life, and becomes a leading employee of the Northern Bee magazine.

N.S. Leskov was a great worker, and his artistic, journalistic and epistolary heritage is truly immense. Articles against nihilists and denunciation of nihilism in the novel “Nowhere” aggravated Leskov’s relationship with the public, who called for excommunication from literature, but this was impossible: his talent was gaining strength every year. True, it was published only in the magazine “Russian Messenger”. Lifetime edition of Leskov's memoirs

Communication with L.N. Tolstoy Leskov was close to Tolstoy and his family. Many of his works, such as “Idle Dancers,” are marked by the influence of Tolstoy. “I precisely “coincided” with Tolstoy... I did not imitate him, and I used to say the same thing, but not eloquently, hesitantly, timidly and lispingly.”

“Leskov's Righteous Men” “The strength of my talent is in positive types... When I draw realistically, I always try to find a particle of goodness in the faces I describe. It is I who truly seek, find and always distinguish with intense diligence.” “Pygmy”, “Angel” “Odnodum” “Cadet Monastery” “At the End of the World” “Soborians” “Enchanted Wanderer”

“An original, capricious, rebellious person; original, quirky, powerful and juicy talent." L.Ya. Gurevich 1878 - the 6th volume of collected works was arrested, cat. included "Little Things in Life". The first attack of the toad on the stairs of the printing house. This disease will cause death in 5 years - the last service in the Academic Committee of the Ministry of Public Education ended.

The last lifetime portrait of Leskov “Tretyakov visited me and asked me to let the portrait be copied from himself, for which the artist Valens arrived from Moscow. Alex. Serov. Two sessions have been done and the portrait looks like it will be excellent.” A portrait of Leskov, painted a year before his death by the artist Serov, is in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Exposition of the Leskov House-Museum in Orel Throughout his 35-year literary journey, Oryol impressions fed the writer’s creative imagination. “I invent things hard and difficult, and therefore I always need living persons who could interest me with their spiritual content. I tried to translate them into stories, which were also very often based on a real event...”

Exposition of the Leskov House-Museum in Orel A passionate patriot, Leskov said that “Orel has given birth to as many Russian writers on its shallow waters as no other city has produced.” N.S. Leskov, I.S. Turgenev, F.I. Tyutchev, A.A. Fet, Zhemchuzhnikov Brothers, A.N. Apukhtin, D.I. Pisarev, T.N. Granovsky, historian, Marko Vovchok. Ukrainian pissing I.A. Bunin, B.K. Zaitsev. L.N.Andreev, I.A.Novikov, M.M.Prishvin and others

Leskov about his fellow countryman I.S. Turgenev Leskov was sensitive to perpetuating the memory of his great countrymen. In 1893, in the year of the 75th anniversary and the 10th anniversary of Turgenev’s death, he contacted the editors of the newspaper “ Oryol Bulletin"The article "Turgenevsky Berezhok". He was the first to indicate to his fellow countrymen the place in the city where they should build a monument to Turgenev, “who glorified his homeland with good fame throughout the entire educated world.”

Leskov died on February 21, 1895. The funeral was modest and sparsely attended. “At my funeral, I ask you not to make any speeches about me. I know that there was a lot of bad things in me and that I don’t deserve any praise or regrets. Anyone who wants to blame me should know that I blamed myself.” Leskov was buried in St. Petersburg at the Volkov cemetery

Memorial plaque on house-museum in Gastolom Few could have predicted Leskov's posthumous fame and popularity in the twentieth century. “He perfectly felt that elusive thing that is called the “soul of the people,” as if he set himself the goal of encouraging, inspiring Rus', exhausted by slavery.” M. Gorky The writer, “who spent his life creating a “positive type of Russian person,” had the right to judge strictly and angrily.

Monument-ensemble N.S. Leskov in Orel In honor of the 150th anniversary of the writer in 1981, a monument-ensemble to N.S. Leskov was built in Orel. Authors: Yu.G. Orekhov, Yu.Yu. Orekhov, architects: V.A. Petersburgtsev, A.V. Stepanov. In the center is a 4-meter figure cast in bronze, mounted on a pedestal of gray granite. All around, raised on columns to the height of a man, the heroes of Leskov’s works come to life.

“Left-handed” Nearby, the Tula gunsmith “slanting left-handed” is “conjuring” over an anvil with a hammer in his hands. We see a vice and a samovar, a symbol of the city of Tula. And the hero is shown at the moment when he forged an amazing factory flea made of “Aglitz blued steel, made in London.” The nameless left-hander can safely be counted among the iconostasis of “saints and righteous of the earth Russian."

“The Toupee Artist” Here the toupee artist (that is, make-up artist, hairdresser) shows his skills by combing the hair of the actress of the Oryol serf theater of Count Kamensky. The love of a toupey artist for a serf actress ends tragically: Arkady did not escape torture in the count’s dungeon, and Lyuba did not escape the count’s violence.

“The Righteous” from “The Soborians” “The Soborians” became Leskov’s first book, which made Leskov famous. “I was deeply convinced that “without 3 righteous people the city cannot stand.” And I went to look for the righteous.” Three prophet-preachers of the Stargorod Cathedral: Archpriest Savely Tuberozov, Priest Zakhary Benefaktov, Deacon Achilla Desnitsyn.

The Enchanted Wanderer and Grushenka And here we see how the gypsy Grushenka, the heroine of the story “The Enchanted Wanderer,” flutters in a fiery dance. Leaning on his guitar, the typical Russian hero Ivan Severyanych Flyagin enthusiastically looks at the dancing gypsy, the embodiment of powerful physical and moral forces our people. One of the charms of this wanderer of the Russian land is the ability to admire beauty and talent.