Appearance Cro-Magnon description. Cro-Magnon
One of the groups of fossil neoanthropes. Name comes from the grotto Cromagnon (Cromagnon) in the dep. Dordogne (France), where in 1868 it was discovered several. skeletons of people of this type. The bone remains of K. are known (since 1823) from the late Pleistocene of Europe. ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary
Modern Encyclopedia
- (from the name of the grotto Cro Magnon Cro Magnon, in France), the generalized name of fossil people modern look(Neoanthropes) of the Late Paleolithic. Known from bone remains discovered in all parts of the world. Appeared ok. 40 thousand years ago… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Cro-Magnons- (Cro Magnons), prehistoric. people of modern species (Homo sapiens) that inhabited Europe ca. 35 10 thousand years ago. K. had a more massive physique than modern. man, but otherwise the same anatomical. x ki. Appeared in Europe approx. 35 thousand years ago, and ... ... The World History
Cro-Magnons- (from the name of the grotto Cro Magnon, Cro Magnon, in France), the most common of the fossil people of the modern species (neoanthropes) of the late Paleolithic era. Known from skeletal remains mainly from Europe. Appeared about 40 thousand years ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Tsev; pl. (sing. Cro-Magnon, nza; m.). The general name of the people of the Late Paleolithic ● The name comes from the grotto of Cro-Magnon in France, where in 1868 the bones of the Cro-Magnon skeleton were found. ◁ Cro-Magnon, oh, oh. K th era, cave. * *… … encyclopedic Dictionary
A generalized name for people of the late Paleolithic era. The name comes from the Cro Magnon grotto in the Dordogne department (France), where in 1868 the French archaeologist and paleontologist L. Larte discovered K. S ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Cro-Magnons- the term is ambiguous: 1) in the narrow sense, Cro-Magnons are people found in the Cro-Magnon grotto (France) and lived about 30 thousand years ago; 2) in a broader sense, this is the entire population of Europe during the Upper Paleolithic from 40 to 10 thousand years ago; 3)… … Physical Anthropology. Illustrated explanatory dictionary.
- (by the name of the Cro Magnon cave in France, where the first fossil finds were made) people modern type, which existed in Europe in the Upper Pleistocene and differed sharply from the Neanderthals. New dictionary foreign words … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
The general name of the people of the Late Paleolithic era. Name comes from the grotto Cro Magnon (Cro Magnon) in dep. Dordogne (France), where in 1868 the first finds of K. S. Anthropological were made. point of view K. belong to the modern. kind of person (Homo… … Soviet historical encyclopedia
Books
- New Cro-Magnons. Memories of the future. Book 1, Yuri Berkov. If you want to have not only pleasant, but also useful reading, if you want to expand your horizons, read this book. You will dive into mysterious world future and live with its heroes a stormy... eBook
- New Cro-Magnons. Memories of the future. Book 2, Yuri Berkov. If you have mastered the first book, then you will read the second with even greater interest. In it, you will find amazing life collisions of its heroes, exciting underwater adventures and a lot of…
Niramin - Aug 24th, 2016
Cro-Magnons inhabited the Earth in the era of the Upper Paleolithic (40-10 thousand years ago) and were direct ancestors modern people. The structure of their skull and hands, brain volume, body proportions were similar to ours. For the first time, the remains of these ancient people were discovered in the second half of the 19th century in France, in the grotto of Cro-Magnon, from which the name "Cro-Magnon" arose.
The ancestors of modern people made a dramatic breakthrough in evolution and far surpassed their predecessors in development. They knew how to make complex tools: needles, scrapers, drills, spearheads, bows and arrows, using not only wood and stone, but also horns, bones and tusks of animals. The Cro-Magnons knew how to sew clothes, make dishes from baked clay, and even created skillful jewelry and figurines. They highly valued art, engaged in bone carving and decorated the walls and ceilings of their dwellings. rock art. Scientists never cease to be amazed at the technique, materials and craftsmanship of cave paintings.
The lifestyle of the Cro-Magnon was significantly different from other ancient people. Cro-Magnons also lived mainly in caves, but already knew how to build huts from animal bones and skins. The first domestic animal - a dog - appeared in this era. The Cro-Magnons were fluent in speech, which allowed them to build new social relationships.
Cro-Magnons in the parking lot. 
Photo: Cro-Magnon (Cro-Magnon). Reconstruction by M.M. Gerasimov. 
Cro-Magnon skull.
Video: Evolution: Cro-Magnons
Cro-Magnons is the common name for the ancestors of people who existed 40-10 thousand years ago (). Cro-Magnon is a sharp leap in the development of human evolution, which has become decisive not only in the survival of the human race, but also in the development of Homo sapiens.
Cro-Magnons appeared much later, about 40-50 thousand years ago. According to some estimates, the earliest Cro-Magnons could have existed more than 100 thousand years ago. Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons are varieties of the genus Homo.
Neanderthals presumably originated from a man, who, in turn, was a type of Homo erectus (), and were not the ancestors of people. Cro-Magnons descended from Homo erectus and are direct ancestors modern man. The name "Cro-Magnon" refers to the discovery of several skeletons of people with Late Paleolithic tools in the rock grotto of Cro-Magnon, France. Later, the remains of Cro-Magnons and their culture were found in many parts of the world - in Great Britain, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Romania, and Russia.
Scientists offer different versions the emergence and spread of Cro-Magnons - the ancestors of people. Judging by one version, the first representatives of the ancestors of people with the Cro-Magnon type of development (the type of Homo erectus) appeared in East Africa 130-180 thousand years ago. Approximately 50-60 thousand years ago, the Cro-Magnons began to migrate from Africa to Eurasia. Initially, one group settled on the coast of the Indian Ocean, and the second settled in the steppes. Central Asia. A little later, migration began to Europe, which was inhabited by the Cro-Magnons about 20 thousand years ago. There are also other versions about the distribution of Cro-Magnons.
The Cro-Magnons had a huge advantage over the Neanderthals that existed at the same time in Europe. Although Neanderthals were more adapted to northern conditions, were more powerful and stronger, they could not resist the Cro-Magnons. The direct ancestors of people were carriers of such high culture for the time that the Neanderthals were clearly inferior to them in development, although, according to some studies, the Neanderthal brain was larger, he knew how to create tools and hunting, used fire, created clothes and dwellings, knew how to make jewelry, had speech and so on. By that time, the Cro-Magnon man was already making quite complex jewelry from stone, horn and bone, as well as cave drawings. Cro-Magnons first came up with human settlements, lived in communities ( tribal communities), which included up to 100 people. As dwellings in different parts of the world, Cro-Magnons used caves, tents made of animal skins, dugouts, houses made of stone slabs. Cro-Magnons created clothes from skins, made more modern, compared to their ancestors and Neanderthals, tools of labor and hunting. The Cro-Magnons also tamed the dog for the first time.
As the researchers suggest, the migrating Cro-Magnons who arrived in Europe met Neanderthals here, who long before them had already mastered the best territories, settled in the most convenient caves, settled in profitable areas near rivers or in places where there is a lot of prey. Probably in, the Cro-Magnons, who had a higher development, simply exterminated the Neanderthals. Archaeologists find bones of Neanderthals at the Cro-Magnon sites, which have clear traces of their eating, that is, Neanderthals were not only exterminated, but also eaten. There is also a version that only part of the Neanderthals were destroyed, the rest were able to assimilate with the Cro-Magnons.
Cro-Magnon finds clearly indicate the existence of religious beliefs. The rudiments of religion are also observed among Neanderthals, but many scientists express great doubts about this. Among Cro-Magnons, cult rites can be traced very clearly. The ancestors of people already tens of thousands of years ago carried out complex funeral rites, buried their relatives in a bent position in the fetal position (belief in the transmigration of the soul, rebirth), decorated the dead with various products, placed household items, food in the grave (belief in posthumous life soul, in which she will need the same things as during earthly life - plates, food, weapons, etc.).
The immediate ancestor of modern man - Cro-Magnon (40-10 thousand years BC) was called Homo sapiens sapiens (Reasonable Man). During the Late Paleolithic era, 1200 generations changed and about 4 billion Cro-Magnons passed through the Earth. They lived at the end of the Wurm glaciation. Warming and cooling succeeded each other quite often, and the Cro-Magnons successfully adapted to changing natural conditions. They created the proto-culture of modern man and, remaining hunter-gatherers, brought the development of mankind to the culture of agriculture. The achievements of the Cro-Magnons are truly amazing. Their art of stone processing was so high that we can say that technology came into the world with the Cro-Magnon. Technological innovation and development material culture came to replace physical evolution. They also learned to make all kinds of tools and weapons from bones, tusks, deer antlers and wood. The Cro-Magnons achieved a high degree of perfection in the manufacture of clothing, the construction of extensive dwellings. In their hearth, not only trees, but also other combustible materials, such as bone, could be used for heating. The clay kilns they built were prototypes of blast furnaces. They brought almost to the limit beyond which agriculture begins, the methods of using plants. These people harvested ears of wild cereals and collected so many cereals that they covered most of the food needs. They invented devices for grinding and grinding grain. The Cro-Magnons knew how to make wicker containers and came close to pottery. After centuries of wandering after animals or in search of seasonal edible plants, the Cro-Magnon managed to switch to a sedentary lifestyle, using the resources of one locality more efficiently. The sedentary lifestyle contributed to the formation social life, the accumulation of practical and social knowledge of observations, which became the basis for the creation of language, art and religion. The way of hunting has changed. Spear throwers were invented, with the help of which hunters began to get more animals, and they themselves received injuries less often, lived longer and better. Prosperity has also improved health and physical development. The sedentary lifestyle, combined with increased life expectancy, contributed to the acquisition of experience and knowledge, improved the mind and developed culture. There is reason to believe that the Cro-Magnons also had a bow, although material evidence of this has not been preserved. Important role to expand the diet of the Cro-Magnons, the invention of various devices for catching fish played - one of these ingenious devices was the prison. Cro-Magnons learned how to make various mixtures of clay with other substances. From these mixtures they made different figurines and burned them in a specially arranged hearth. In fact, they discovered a way to obtain new substances with new useful qualities by combining two or more starting materials. The Cro-Magnons created truly great prehistoric art. This is confirmed by numerous wall paintings in caves, sculptural works, figurines. .
Cro-Magnons are the earliest representatives of modern man. It must be said that these people lived later than the Neanderthals and inhabited almost the entire territory of modern Europe. The name "Cro-Magnon" can only be understood as those people who were found in the grotto of Cro-Magnon. These people lived 30 thousand years ago and looked like a modern person.
General information about Cro-Magnons
The Cro-Magnons were very advanced, and it must be said that their skills, achievements, and changes social organization life many times surpassed Neanderthals and Pithecanthropes, and combined. It is with and is associated with Cro-Magnon. The way of life of these people helped to make them big step forward in their development and achievements. Due to the fact that they were able to inherit an active brain from their ancestors, their achievements manifested themselves in aesthetics, tool manufacturing technology, communication, etc.
origin of name
Associated with a reasonable person, the number of changes in which was very large, namely Cro-Magnon. Their way of life was different from the way of life of their ancestors.
It is worth saying that the name "Cro-Magnon" comes from the rocky grotto of Cro-Magnon, located in France. In 1868, Louis Larte found several human skeletons in the area, as well as Late Paleolithic tools. He later described them, after which it was found out that these people existed about 30,000 years ago.
Cro-Magnon physique
Compared to Neanderthals, Cro-Magnons had a less massive skeleton. The growth of early representatives of man reached 180-190 cm.
Their forehead was straighter and smoother than that of Neanderthals. It is also worth noting that the Cro-Magnon skull had a high and round arch. The chin of these people was protruding, the eye sockets were angular, and the nose was rounded.
Cro-Magnons developed a straight gait. Scientists assure that their physique practically did not differ from the physique of modern people. And this already speaks volumes.
It was the Cro-Magnon man who was very similar to modern man. early representatives of man was quite interesting and unusual, compared with their ancestors. Cro-Magnons made great amount efforts to be as similar as possible to modern man.
The earliest representatives of man are the Cro-Magnons. Who are the Cro-Magnons? Lifestyle, housing and clothing
About who the Cro-Magnons are, not only adults know, but also children. We study the features of their stay on Earth at school. It must be said that the first representative of a person who created settlements was precisely the Cro-Magnon. The way of life of these people was different from the Neanderthals. Cro-Magnons gathered in communities that numbered up to 100 people. They lived in caves, as well as in tents made of skins. IN Eastern Europe met representatives who lived in dugouts. It is important that their speech was articulate. Cro-Magnon clothing was skins.
How did the Cro-Magnon hunt? Way of life, tools of labor of an early representative of man
It must be said that the Cro-Magnons succeeded not only in the development of social life, but also in hunting. The paragraph "Features of the way of life of Cro-Magnons" includes an improved method of hunting - driven fishing. The early representatives of man mined northern, as well as mammoths, etc. It was the Cro-Magnons who knew how to make special spear throwers that could fly up to 137 meters. Harpoons and hooks for catching fish were also tools of the Cro-Magnons. They created snares - devices for hunting birds.
primitive art
It is important that it was the Cro-Magnons who became the creators of the European. This is evidenced primarily by the multi-color painting in the caves. The Cro-Magnons painted in them on the walls as well as the ceilings. Confirmation that these people were creators primitive art, are engravings on stones and bones, ornament, etc.
All this testifies to how interesting and amazing the life of the Cro-Magnons was. Their way of life has become an object of admiration even in our time. It should be noted that the Cro-Magnons made a huge step forward, which significantly brought them closer to modern man.
Burial rites of the Cro-Magnons
It is worth noting that the early representatives of man also had funeral rites. It was customary among the Cro-Magnons to put in the grave to the deceased various decorations, household items, and even food. They were sprinkled on the hair of the dead, put on a net, bracelets on their hands, and flat stones were placed on their faces. It is also worth noting that the Cro-Magnons buried the dead in a bent state, that is, their knees had to touch the chin.
Recall that the Cro-Magnons were the first to domesticate an animal - a dog.
One of the versions of the origin of the Cro-Magnons
It must be said that there are several versions of the origin of the early representatives of man. The most common of them says that the Cro-Magnons were the ancestors of all modern people. According to this theory, these people appeared in East Africa about 100-200 thousand years ago. It is believed that the Cro-Magnons migrated to the Arabian Peninsula 50-60 thousand years ago, after which they appeared in Eurasia. According to this, one group of early human representatives quickly populated the entire coast of the Indian Ocean, while the second group migrated to the steppes of Central Asia. According to numerous data, it can be seen that 20 thousand years ago Europe was already inhabited by the Cro-Magnons.
Until now, many admire the way of life of the Cro-Magnons. Briefly about these early representatives of man, one can say that they were the most similar to modern man, as they improved their skills and abilities, developed and learned a lot of new things. The Cro-Magnons made a huge contribution to the history of human development, because it was they who took a huge step towards the most important achievements.
