The origins of Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz. Stolz and Oblomov - two different destinies

The novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov has not lost its relevance and its objective meaning in our time, because it contains a universal philosophical meaning. Main conflict The writer reveals the novel - between the patriarchal and bourgeois ways of Russian life - in the opposition of people, feelings and reason, peace and action, life and death. Using the technique of antithesis, Goncharov makes it possible to deeply understand the idea of ​​the novel and penetrate into the souls of the characters. Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts are the main characters of the work. These are people of the same class, society, time. It would seem that people of the same environment should have similar characters and worldviews. But they are completely opposite to each other. Stolz, unlike Oblomov, is shown by the writer as an active person whose reason prevails over feeling. Goncharov makes attempts to understand why these people are so different, and he looks for the origins of this in origin, upbringing and education, as this lays the foundations of the characters.

The author shows the parents of the heroes.

Stolz was brought up in a poor family. His father was German by birth, and his mother was a Russian noblewoman. We see that the family spent all day long at work. When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and forced him to work. At the same time, he taught him the sciences, taught German language, that is, he instilled in his son respect for knowledge, the habit of thinking, and doing business. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.” The writer shows us how zealously and persistently this man develops in Andrei economic tenacity, the need for permanent activity. The mother taught her son literature and managed to give him an excellent spiritual education. So, Stolz became a strong, intelligent young man.

What about Oblomov? His parents were nobles. Their life in the village of Oblomovka passed according to their own special laws. The Oblomov family had a cult of food. The whole family decided “what dishes would be for lunch or dinner.” And after lunch the whole house fell asleep and fell into a long sleep. And this is how every day passed in this family: only sleep and food. When Oblomov grew up, he was sent to study at a gymnasium. But we see that Ilyusha’s parents were not interested in their son’s knowledge. They themselves came up with excuses just to free their adored child from school; they dreamed of receiving a certificate proving that “Ilya passed all the sciences and arts.” They didn’t even let him out into the street again, because they were afraid that he would get hurt or get sick. Therefore, Oblomov grew up lazy, apathetic, and did not receive a proper education.

But let's look deeper into the characters of the main characters. Having rethought the pages I read in a new way, I realized that both Andrei and Ilya have their own tragedy in life.

At first glance, Stolz is a new, progressive, almost ideal person. For him, work is a part of life, a pleasure. He does not disdain even the most menial work and leads an active life. From the moment he left home, he lived by work, thanks to which he became rich and famous to a wide circle of people. Stolz's ideal of happiness is material wealth, comfort, personal well-being. And he achieves his goal through hard work. His life is full of action. But despite her outward well-being, she is boring and monotonous.

Unlike Oblomov, a man of a subtle soul, Stolz appears before the reader as a kind of machine: “He was entirely made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin; he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle... his complexion is even, dark and no blush.” Stolz lives strictly according to plan, his life is scheduled minute by minute, and there are no surprises in it, interesting moments, he almost never worries or experiences any event particularly strongly. And we see that the tragedy of this man lies precisely in the monotony of his life, in the one-sidedness of his worldview.

Now let's turn to Oblomov. Work for him is a burden. He was a gentleman, which means that he did not have to devote a single drop of time to work. And I'm not even talking about physical labor, because he was even too lazy to get up from the sofa, leave the room so that they could clean it. He spends his whole life on the sofa, does nothing, is not interested in anything (he just can’t bring himself to finish reading the book “Journey to Africa”, even the pages of this book have turned yellow). Oblomov's ideal of happiness - complete calm and good food. And he achieved his ideal. Servants cleaned after him, and his houses big problems there was no farming. And another tragedy is revealed to us - the moral death of the hero. Before our eyes inner world this man is becoming poor, out of goodness, pure man Oblomov turns into a moral cripple.

But despite all the differences between Stolz and Oblomov, they are friends, friends since childhood. They are united by the most beautiful character traits: honesty, kindness, decency.

The essence of the novel is that inaction can destroy all the best feelings of a person, corrode his soul, destroy his personality, but work and the desire for education will bring happiness, provided that a person has a rich inner world.

About such friends as Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, A.S. Pushkin very aptly wrote in his novel in verse “Eugene Onegin”: “They got together. Water and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire are not so different from each other.” Indeed, the characters' characters are so different that many critics agreed: Stolz is a kind of “antidote” to Oblomov. Goncharov wrote: “They were connected by childhood and school—two strong springs.” Therefore, by looking into the childhood of the heroes, one can understand why such different tempers two friends who lived next door.
The chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” helps to learn about Ilya Ilyich’s childhood, which, according to A.V. Druzhinin, was the first step towards finding out the reasons for “Oblomovism”. From Oblomov’s dream it becomes clear that little Ilyusha was loved, caressed, and pampered by everyone, so he grew up kind and sympathetic. As soon as Ilya Ilyich dozes off, he dreams of the same dream: gentle voice mother, her gentle hands, hugs from loved ones and friends... Every time in a dream, Oblomov returned to a time when he was absolutely happy and loved by everyone. The hero of the novel seems to have fled from real life into your childhood memories. Ilyusha was constantly protected from all sorts of dangers, real and imaginary. The servant Zakhar and “three hundred other Zakharovs” did everything for the little boy. Such guardianship and care almost completely drowned out any desire in Oblomov to do anything himself.
Everyone calls Ilya Ilyich a dreamer. How could the nanny’s endless fairy tales about Militrisa Kirbityevna, about heroes, about sorcerers and firebirds not sow in the child’s soul hope for the best, that all problems will be solved by themselves? These same fairy tales gave Oblomov a fear of life, from which Ilya Ilyich tried in vain to hide in his apartment on Gorokhovaya Street, and then on the Vyborg Side.
The complete opposite of Oblomov is Andrei Stolts. We see throughout the novel a comparison of Stolz and Oblomov, as well as their opposition to each other. They differ in literally everything: in appearance, in origin (Oblomov is a nobleman, but Stolz is not), in the upbringing and education they received. The reason for these differences lies primarily in upbringing.

Each of the parents made their own special contribution to the upbringing of Andrei Stolts. His father, Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz, a businesslike and practical German, put above all else a sense of duty, discipline, responsibility and love of work. He tried to instill these qualities in his son, trying to make him a successful businessman.

Andrei’s mother, a Russian noblewoman, on the contrary, “taught him to listen to the thoughtful sounds of Hertz, sang to him about flowers, about the poetry of life...”. Stolz’s mother wanted Andrei to grow up to be an educated Russian gentleman, and not a “German burgher,” and tried as best she could to reduce Father’s influence on Andryusha. In many ways, she wanted to see her son like Ilya Oblomov and often gladly sent him to Sosnovka, where “an eternal holiday, where work is lifted off one’s shoulders like a yoke.”

Stolz's father, of course, loved Andrei in his own way, but did not consider it possible to show his feelings. The scene of Andrei's farewell to his father is piercing to the point of tears. Even at the moment of farewell, Ivan Bogdanovich could not find kind words for his son. Swallowing tears of resentment, Andrei sets off on his journey, accompanied by the lamentations of the servants: “You don’t have a mother, there’s no one to bless you.” And it seems that it was at this moment that Andrei Stolts, despite all his mother’s efforts, left no room in his soul for “empty dreams.” In his independent adult life, he took with him only what he thought was necessary: ​​prudence, practicality, determination. Everything else remained in distant childhood along with the image of the mother.

Differences in the characters' personalities explain differences in aspirations and beliefs. You can learn about this from Ilya Ilyich’s story about his ideal of life. Most of all, Oblomov craves peace, carelessness and tranquility. But Ilya Ilyich considered peace not the result of vigorous activity, not a reward for it, but a constant, the only possible and correct state of a person. Arguing with Stolz, Oblomov convinced him that “the goal of all... running around is... the production of peace, the pursuit of the ideal of a lost paradise.” Therefore, why work, do anything, if you still end up with what Oblomov always wanted to have?

And for Stolz the main thing is work. But for Andrei, work is not a way to achieve peace, any desire for which Stolz called “Oblomovism.” For him, work is “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”

If Oblomov was not accustomed to work, he dreamed of achieving everything without it (as in the nanny’s fairy tale: “waved a magic wand” - and “everything is ready”), then Stolz was brought up from childhood by work, which was the goal of his father’s life. Over time, Andrei simply stopped even thinking about existing without activity.
The attitude of friends towards the bustle of the capital is also different. Stolz had already gotten used to it and felt in the light “like a fish in water.” He sees everything, but prefers to turn a blind eye to its shortcomings. Andrey does not allow society to encroach on his innermost feelings and thoughts, as if closing himself off from him with polite behavior.
And Ilya Ilyich, having served himself and carefully listening to the stories of visitors - Sudbinsky, Penkin, Volkov - about capital life, realized that it was too empty (“What to look for there? Interests of the mind, heart?”) and fussy (“Ten places in one day!?"). Ilya Ilyich did not see the point in all these visits, going to work, and balls.
Characters, upbringing and beliefs make up the lifestyle that the main characters of the novel lead. He left some imprint on the appearance of the heroes. Oblomov, a man with surprisingly soft facial features, was significantly thicker than Stolz and “flattened beyond his years,” and Andrei Ivanovich was “all made up of bones, muscles and nerves,” thin, as befits a man leading active image life.
Stolz was taught from childhood to activity, to the fact that time is precious and should not be wasted. And therefore, Andrei’s whole life passed in eternal motion, which, however, cannot be called vanity. He was not just in constant dynamics, but brought benefit to himself and others. But, despite his constant employment, he “goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.” Stolz wanted to encourage Oblomov to lead such a life, who, despite a lot of free time, had nothing to do. Oblomov spent most of his life on the sofa, since “lying down with Ilya Ilyich... was a normal state.” His ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family and friends, about which Oblomov spent years dreaming.

The characters' attitude to love is expressed in the novel through their feelings for Olga Ilyinskaya.
Oblomov wanted to see in Olga loving woman, capable of creating a serene family life, kind and gentle, like his mother. At first the girl was in love with Ilya Ilyich, she liked his touching naivety, “dovey tenderness” and kind heart. And Oblomov himself was in love with Olga. But, as usual, hoping that everything would happen by itself, he did not take any action to ensure that Olga became his wife. His “vile habit of receiving satisfaction of his desires... from others” played a fatal role in this situation: Olga preferred a firm and reliable marriage with Stolz to the uncertainty, expectation and inaction of Oblomov.
Stolz, who knew Ilyinskaya almost since early childhood, experienced
love and friendship for her. There were no fiery passions, “burning joys” or disappointments in her. Even jealousy towards an unknown opponent did not cause a storm of emotions in Stolz’s soul. And when he found out that this rival was Oblomov, he felt “peaceful and cheerful.” Stolz saw in Olga a faithful friend and comrade-in-arms in work and therefore tried to instill in her an active spirit, the ability to fight, and develop her mind.
And Olga did not suddenly fall in love with Andrei. The description of her character immediately suggests that Olga Ilyinskaya cannot help but become Olga Sergeevna Stolz.

The love between Olga and Andrey was born and began to grow without “turbulent ups and downs.” After the wedding, she did not disappear, but continued to live, although without development, smoothly and measuredly (“everything was harmony and silence with them”).

From the comparison of the two heroes it is clear that Oblomov and Stolz are completely different heroes. What was the basis for such a strong and loyal friendship between them? It seems to me that this is not only childhood and school, as Goncharov wrote. Stolz and Oblomov complement each other.

Goncharov wanted to reflect in Ilya Ilyich typical features patriarchal nobility, and Stolz was assigned the role of a person capable of breaking “Oblomovism.” But after reading the novel, I could not imagine the characters so clear. The personality of Ilya Ilyich evokes conflicting feelings: regret about his helplessness and sympathy, because Oblomov has absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character, many of which are close to each of us.

Modern life requires “stolts”, and they certainly appear. But Russia will never consist only of such characters. Russian people have always been distinguished by their breadth of nature, the ability to sympathize, and a lively and reverent soul. I really want Stolz’s practical qualities and Oblomov’s “clean as crystal” soul to unite in a modern person.

In the novel "Oblomov" Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov wanted to contrast Western and Russian culture. Oblomov and Stolz - two key images works. The novel is built on the device of antithesis. It is realized through the contrast of these two characters in the work. Stolz and Oblomov are in many ways opposite. In Russian classical literature there are many works constructed in this way. These are, for example, “Hero of Our Time” and “Eugene Onegin”. IN foreign literature you can also find such examples.

"Oblomov" and "Don Quixote"

The novel “Don Quixote” by Miguel de Cervantes most resonates with Oblomov. This work describes the contradictions between reality and a person’s idea of ​​what it should be like. ideal life. This contradiction extends, as in Oblomov, to the outside world. Like Ilya Ilyich, Hidalgo is immersed in dreams. Oblomov in the work is surrounded by people who do not understand him, because their ideas about the world are limited to its material side. True, these two stories have a diametrically opposite outcome: before his death, Alonso has an epiphany. This character understands that he was mistaken in his dreams. But Oblomov does not change. Obviously, this outcome is the difference between Western and Russian mentality.

Antithesis is the main technique in the work

With the help of antithesis, you can more comprehensively draw the personalities of the heroes, since everything is learned in comparison. It is impossible to understand Ilya Ilyich by removing Stolz from the novel. Goncharov shows the advantages and disadvantages of his characters. At the same time, the reader can look from the outside at himself and his inner world. This will help prevent the mistakes that the heroes Oblomov and Stolz made in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”.

Ilya Ilyich is a man with a native Russian soul, and Andrei Stolts is a representative new era. In Russia there have always been and will be both. Stolz and Oblomov are characters through whose interaction, as well as through their interaction with other characters in the work, the author conveys the main ideas. Olga Ilyinskaya is the link between them.

The importance of childhood in the formation of characters' characters

Childhood in every person's life has great importance. Personality during this period has not yet been formed. A person is like a sponge, absorbing everything he offers. the world. It is in childhood that education takes place, on which depends what kind of person he will become in life. adult life. That's why important role In Goncharov’s novel, there is a description of the childhood and upbringing of future antipodes, who are Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts. In the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" the author gives a description of Ilya Ilyich's childhood. He remembers Oblomovka, his native village. After reading this chapter, we understand where immobility and laziness came from in the character of this hero.

Childhood of Ilya Oblomov

Stolz and Oblomov were brought up differently. Ilyusha is like a future master. Many guests and relatives lived in his parents' house. They all praised and caressed little Ilyusha. He was exquisitely and a lot fed with “cream”, “crackers”, “buns”. Food, it should be noted, was the main concern in Oblomovka. She spent a lot of time. The whole family decided on what dishes would be for dinner or lunch. After lunch, everyone fell into a long sleep. This is how the days passed: eating and sleeping. When Ilya grew up, he was sent to study at the gymnasium. Parents were not interested in Ilyusha’s knowledge. All that was important to them was a certificate that he had completed various sciences and arts. Therefore, Ilya Oblomov grew up as an uneducated, downtrodden boy, but kind at heart.

Childhood of Andrei Stolts

With Stolz, everything is just the opposite. Andrei’s father, a German by nationality, raised independence in his son from an early age. He was dry towards his child. Focus and rigor are the main features that his parents put into Andrei’s upbringing. Every day of the family was spent at work. When the boy grew up, his father began to take him to the market, to the field, and forced him to work. At the same time, he taught his son science and the German language. Then Stolz began sending the child into the city on errands. Goncharov notes that it never happened that Andrei forgot something, overlooked something, changed it, or made a mistake. A Russian noblewoman, the boy's mother, taught him literature and gave spiritual education to her son. As a result, Stolz became a smart, strong young man.

Farewell to home

Let us turn to the scenes that describe how Stolz and Oblomov left their native villages. Oblomov is seen off with tears in his eyes, they do not want to let go of their dear child - an atmosphere of love for the boy is felt. And when native home leaves Stolz, his father only gives him a few instructions regarding spending Money. At the moment of farewell, they don’t even have anything to say to each other.

Two environments, two characters and their influence on each other

The villages of Oblomovka and Verkhlevo are two completely different environments. Oblomovka is a kind of heaven on Earth. Nothing happens here, everything is calm and quiet. In power in Verkhlevo is Andrei’s father, a German, who organizes the German order here.

Oblomov and Stolz have common character traits. Their friendship, which existed since childhood, led to the fact that, while communicating, they influenced each other to some extent. Both heroes were raised together for some time. They went to school, which Andrei's father maintained. However, they came here, one might say, from completely different worlds: once and for all established, undisturbed order of life in the village of Oblomovka; and the active work of a German burgher, which interspersed with lessons from his mother, who tried to instill in Andrei an interest and love for art.

For further development relationship, however, Andrei and Ilya lack communication. Oblomov and Stolz gradually move away from each other as they grow up. Their friendship, meanwhile, does not stop. However, she is also hampered by the fact that the financial status of these two heroes is different. Oblomov is a real master, a nobleman. This is the owner of 300 souls. Ilya could do nothing at all, being supported by his serfs. Everything is different for Stolz, who was a Russian nobleman only through his mother. He had to maintain his material well-being on his own.

Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" mature years became completely different. It was already difficult for them to communicate. Stolz began to be sarcastic and make fun of Ilya’s reasoning, which was so far from reality. Differences in character and outlook on life eventually led to the gradual weakening of their friendship.

The meaning of friendship in Goncharov

The red thread running through this novel is the idea of ​​friendship, the role it plays in a person’s life. A person, in interaction with others, can reveal his true essence. Friendship has many forms: “brotherhood”, glorified by Pushkin, selfish, friendship for one reason or another. Apart from the sincere one, in essence, all others are just forms of egoism. Andrei and Ilya had a strong friendship. She connected them, as we have already noted, since childhood. Goncharov’s novel helps readers understand why Oblomov and Stolz are friends, what role friendship plays in a person’s life, thanks to the fact that it describes many of its ups and downs.

The meaning and relevance of the novel "Oblomov"

The novel "Oblomov" is a work that has not lost its relevance to this day, since it reflects the essence of people's lives, which is eternal. The antithesis proposed by the author (his portrait is presented below) perfectly conveys the essence of the fate of the history of our country, which is marked by these two extremes.

It is difficult for a Russian person to find a middle ground, to mix the desire for well-being, the activity and hard work of Andrei Stolts and the full wisdom and light, broad soul Oblomov. Probably, in each of our compatriots, as in our country itself, these extremes live: Stolz and Oblomov. The characteristics of Russia's future depend on which of them will prevail.

Andrei Ivanovich Stolts has been communicating with Oblomov since childhood and has become his close friend. By character he is a man of action, a practitioner, and by origin he is half German. Stolz's mother is a Russian noblewoman. For all his rationalism, Stolz has a good disposition. The hero is honest, understands people, and at the same time tends to calculate every action and approach everything in life from the side of practical benefit. Stolz was written out as an antipode to Oblomov and should, according to the author’s plan, be perceived as a role model.

Stolz is married to a noblewoman, a woman with whom Oblomov is in love. Olga loved Oblomov at first, but broke up with him. Oblomov was listless and dreamy, before proposing to Olga, he thought a lot and retreated.

Stolz at times brings Oblomov out of his apathy and makes him remember about life, encourages him to get down to business, invest in the establishment of schools, building roads, but Oblomov brushes aside such ideas.

Ilya Oblomov is taken advantage of by scammers, the hero’s affairs and economy pass into their hands, and he himself plunges into even greater inactivity than usual. When Oblomov hears rumors about his own upcoming wedding, the hero is horrified because nothing has been decided for him yet. During this period, Olga visits the hero and, seeing him in such a weak-willed and pitiful state, breaks off this relationship. This is where the love story between Olga and Oblomov ends.

The heroine is not going to get involved in a new relationship, but Stolz convinces Olga that the first relationship turned out to be a mistake and only laid the foundation for new love- to him, Stolz. Olga appreciates hard work and determination in Stolz - something that she did not see in Oblomov. And she trusts her husband unlimitedly, “like a mother.”

Stolz holds progressive (for that time) views on the role of women in society. According to the hero, a woman is called upon to contribute to social life, engaged in raising worthy citizens, and for this she herself must be well educated. Stolz studies with his wife, teaches her science, and these activities bring the spouses even closer together. Stolz argues heatedly with his wife and is surprised at Olga's intelligence.

Stolz saves Oblomov from the clutches of scammers who otherwise they would have robbed him completely. Later, Oblomov names his son after Stoltz, who is born to him from a woman from the bureaucratic environment, a landlady with whom Oblomov goes to live. Due to a sedentary lifestyle, Oblomov experiences early stroke, and Stolz visits a sick friend. During this visit, Oblomov asks Stolz, in the name of friendship, to look after his little son Andrei. When Oblomov dies two years later, the Stolts take his son to be raised.

Image

Stolz is in his early thirties. The hero's appearance emphasizes his character - he is strong, thin, muscular, with high cheekbones, and no excess fat. Goncharov compares the hero to a “blooded English horse.” Stolz has greenish eyes, the hero is dark-skinned, calm in his movements as well as in character. The hero is not characterized by excessive facial expressions, sharp gestures or fussiness.

Stolz's father, a German, came from the burghers and was not a nobleman. The boy was raised in the traditions of the burghers - he was taught to work and practical activities, which Andrei’s mother, a Russian noblewoman, did not like. My father studied geography with Andrey. The hero learned to read from the texts of German writers and biblical verses, and from a young age he helped his father in business, summing up accounts. Later he began to work as a tutor in a small boarding house set up by his father, and received a salary for this, like an ordinary artisan.

By the age of fourteen, the hero already went to the city alone on instructions from his father and carried out the assignment exactly, without mistakes, errors or bouts of forgetfulness. Andrei's father forbade his mother to interfere with the boy's activity and keep him with him. Stolz grew up active and was often absent from home for a long time. The young man received a good university education and speaks Russian and German equally well. At the same time, the hero continues to study throughout his life and constantly strives to learn new things.

Stolz did not receive nobility at birth, but soon rose to the rank of court councilor, which gave the hero the right to personal nobility. Further along career ladder he does not advance, but leaves the service to engage in trade. The company in which Stolz invested is engaged in the export of goods. Andrei was able to increase his father’s fortune many times over, turning forty thousand in capital into three hundred, and bought a house.

Stolz travels a lot and rarely stays at home for long. The hero traveled the length and breadth of Russia, visited abroad, studied at foreign universities and studied Europe “as his estate.” At the same time, Stolz is no stranger to social interaction, attends parties, and knows how to play the piano; interested in science, news and “all life.”

Characteristics of Stolz

The hero is restless, cheerful, firm and even stubborn. Always takes active position: “if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; need to write some project or adapt new idea to the point - they choose him.” Stolz's time is clearly planned, he does not waste a minute.

At the same time, the hero knows how to restrain unwanted impulses and remain within the boundaries of natural, rational behavior, controls his own feelings well and does not rush to extremes. Stolz is not inclined to blame others for his own failures and easily takes responsibility for the suffering and troubles that have occurred.

In contrast to Oblomov, the hero does not like to dream, avoids fantasies and everything that cannot be analyzed or applied in practice. Stolz knows how to live within his means, is prudent, is not prone to unjustified risks, and at the same time easily navigates difficult or unfamiliar circumstances. These qualities, coupled with determination, make the hero a good businessman. Stolz loves order in affairs and things, and navigates Oblomov’s affairs better than Oblomov himself.

Actors

The novel "Oblomov" was filmed in 1979. The director of the film entitled “A few days in the life of I. I. Oblomov” was, and the role of Andrei Stolts was played by the actor. Stolz in the film is depicted as a cheerful and active person, as he is presented in Goncharov’s novel.

At the same time, the actor admitted that he rather saw himself in the image of Oblomov, and Stolz, whose role Bogatyrev had to play, was in character the complete opposite of the actor himself.

The word “Oblomovism,” which became a household word after the release of the novel, was first heard from Stolz as a characteristic of Oblomov’s lifestyle. This word denoted a tendency toward laziness, apathy, and stagnation in business. In a word, what we would now call “procrastination.”

Quotes

“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life. At least mine."

“Life and work itself are the goal of life, not a woman.”

“Man is created to arrange himself and even change his nature.”

Literature – 10th grade.

Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics»

(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)

Lesson objectives: to identify the features of the author’s position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop characterization skills literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; to educate thoughtful readers and enrich students’ speech.

Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.

Students should know:

Contents of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”;

The main idea of ​​the work;

Main images.

Students should be able to:

Correctly answer questions posed by the teacher;

Summarize and systematize educational material;

Improve your skills in working with text;

Draw conclusions and connect them into a monologue.

During the classes.

IOrg moment.

IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2,

chapters 1 – 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)

IIIState the topic and purpose of the lesson.

IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.

1.introduction.

Good afternoon guys! Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (write down the topic in notebooks).

Work plan:

1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2, chapters 1 – 4)

2.Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz and Oblomov (checking homework)

3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.

Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:

- Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts... who are they - doubles or antipodes?

Let's define lexical meaning words antipode and double

2. Vocabulary work.

Antipode - (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.

Double - a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).

What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?

Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, and unfocused. Let's give it a more detailed description. (students' answers)

(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:

In connection with Oblomov’s guests, whom Ilya Ilyich “didn’t like,” unlike his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he “loved sincerely”;

In connection with the dreams of the main character, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated best qualities Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the paintings happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;

Stolz also appears in “Oblomov’s Dream”, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood that shaped the hero.

Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.

3. Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov”

(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).

We see that these two people are true friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in literature - comparative characterization. In front of you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitude towards women, their family life And life position. In the conclusion column, we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.

4. Let's consider all the features of the heroes.

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love

a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)

- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face,” the same age as Oblomov, “thin, with almost no cheeks at all.” no,...the complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

b)Origin:

…

…a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates brilliantly from the university, successfully serves, retires to study own business; makes a house and money. He's a dick trading company, sending goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of ​​balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.

c) Education.

- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.

His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. “What about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.” (Oblomov)

His father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy... (Stolz)

Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz’s childhood went, how the process of his upbringing went.

Reading the episode (Stolz's farewell to his father) by role.

What impression does this scene make on you?

How can you comment on this?

What did his father teach him? How did A. Stolz feel?

Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the antipode to the main character; with Stolz everything is different.

His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was raised by life itself (cf.: “If Oblomov’s son had disappeared...”).

A special discussion is required: the mother’s attitude; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “the bursha did not work out,” which replaced the “narrow German track” with a “wide road.”

Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his name?

Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: “Education”, indicate the antipode).

d).Education:

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow.

From the age of eight he sat with his father geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”

Based on upbringing and education, a certain program was laid down.

What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?

e) Established program.

Oblomov

Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate).

“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”

What was Stolz most afraid of?

Substantiating their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“ optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).

Stolz

Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and stormy activity - active Start

“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business - they choose it. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”

- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?

Students: “Live through the four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and bring the vessel of life to last day, without spilling a single drop in vain...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov’s dreams in Chapter 8 of the first part).

Teacher: Chapters 3–4 of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is an argument where the views and positions of the heroes collide.

The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!

- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov’s dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)

This is not life!

- When does a turning point in a dispute occur?(Labor path: Stolz’s disagreement with his friend’s ideal, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise depicted by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”)

(Physical education minute)

Introductory speech about the meaning of life.

Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov” ( second monologue. Confession of Oblomov, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey...”)

In what setting does the conversation take place?

What is I. Oblomov talking about?

How did each of the heroes emerge in the dispute?

e) Outlook on life

Oblomov

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz.

g) Purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.” (Oblomov)

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)

g) Perception of life

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)

Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

- Which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?

- Is there one answer to this question?

(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)

Teacher: In conversations (arguments) often the last word the author gives Stoltz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He can’t even when he has the last word. Internally, we feel and understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov’s resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).

Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?

Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

Oblomov

Stolz

Peace (apathy)

“...he is constantly on the move...”

Sleep (inactivity)

“balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit”

A dream is a “shell, self-deception”

“he was afraid of every dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of human existence and aspirations in a strict understanding and direction of life”

Fear of circumstances

“attributed the cause of all sufferingto yourself"

The aimlessness of existence

“I put persistence in achieving goals above all else” (Stolz)

Labor is punishment

“Work is the image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)

Conclude that , at what levels, in what details is revealed

- Is Stolz too positive in his views?

Or maybe Oblomov is right: people looking for meaning in social life- dead people, such a life is a useless vanity. What's worse about him lying on the sofa?!

Is Oblomov’s poetic perception of life the sophistication of the hero’s soul, a “subtle poetic nature” or a way to hide from reality?

Strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: hero and circumstances, false and positive meaning of existence?

Result:

- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?

(Give your reasons. What values ​​(which of the heroes) will you take into your life baggage?)

- How did our heroes turn out in love? Did you pass the test of love or not?

Student answers:

Oblomov and Stolz

Oblomov gave up love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” He was scared, he needed not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).

Stolz loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as well as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse.” He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness.

- How do we see our heroes in friendship and relationships with others?

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)

h) Friendship

- Based on all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.

Characteristics of heroes:

Oblomov and Stolz

1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and daydreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher.

2. Stolz . Strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not disdain the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became rich and famous person. A real “iron” character has been formed, but in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, his whole life is so clearly programmed, verified and calculated before us - a dry rationalist.

Answer to problematic issue: Oblomov and Stolz – doubles or antipodes? (student's words).

V Summarizing.

Yes, Goncharov wanted to contrast the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author’s attitude towards the hero is revealed.

- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?

Oblomov dies, leaving his son.

Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov’s sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a benefit for her son.

Olga feels very bad (missing Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.

Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.

So, all the heroes ended up with the same “Oblomovism”!

Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adulthood independent life. Take into your life baggage from Stolz energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, and romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the journey, coming out of the soft teenage years into stern, embittering courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!”

VI . Homework :

Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”:

Individual tasks:

1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)

2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (chap. 6-12)

3. Image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new flat on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.

Ratings

Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”

the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

Origin

from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.

…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman

Upbringing

his parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself); labor in the quarry was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from the university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy.

Education

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow

Embedded program

… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemacus.

… energy and vigorous activity are an active principle.

Outlook on life

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What should I do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov...

The purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.”

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”

Friendship

There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend except Stolz.

Stolz always had many friends everywhere - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to personal people, sincere and decent.

Perception of life

Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: sometimes it will pinch you on the sly, sometimes it will suddenly come right from your forehead and sprinkle you with sand... there is no urine!”

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother.

Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “...“life touches!” "And thank God!" - said Stolz.

Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

Test of love

he needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)

he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love

The characterization of Stolz - one of the main characters of the famous novel by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov “Oblomov” - can be perceived ambiguously. This man is the bearer of the raznochinsky mentality, which is new for Russia. Probably, the classic initially wanted to create in his appearance a domestic analogue of the image of Jane Eyre.

Origin of Stolz

Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is the son of a clerk. His father Ivan Bogdanovich came to Russia from Germany. Before that, he tried to find a job in Russia, but he got a job managing a farm, where he scrupulously and skillfully managed the estate and kept records. He raised his son quite harshly. He worked with him youth, was " personal driver“- drove a spring cart when my father went to the city, to the fields, to the factory, to the merchants. The elder Stolz encouraged his son when he fought with the boys. Teaching science in the village of Verkhlevo for the children of landowners, he gave a thorough education to his Andryusha. Stolz’s mother was Russian, so Russian became his native language, and by faith he was Orthodox.

Of course, Stolz and Oblomov, who cannot organize his life, will clearly not be in favor of the latter.

Career

The young German graduated from college brilliantly. He made a career at work. Goncharov tells in snatches of other people’s phrases. In particular, we learn about the rank of Andrei Stolts from the phrase that in his service he “passed beyond the court.” Turning to the table of ranks, we find that the “court councilor” is the chairman of the court court, and is equal in rank to a lieutenant colonel. Thus, Andrei Stolts is a lawyer by training and earned a colonel’s pension. This is what the novel “Oblomov” tells us. The characterization of Stolz shows the predominance of a business streak in his character.

After retiring, the thirty-year-old man took up commercial activities in a trading company. And here he had good career prospects. At work, he was entrusted with responsible missions related to business trips to Europe and the development of new company projects. Business profile Stolz's insight given by the novel is thorough and promising. Over the course of a couple of years of working in a trading company, he had already managed to profitably invest 40 thousand rubles of his father’s capital and turn it into 300 thousand rubles. For him, the prospect of making a million-dollar fortune is real.

Close people

Stolz has a spirit of camaraderie and cooperation. He spends time and energy to snatch his friend Oblomov from the web of laziness, tries to arrange his life by introducing him to a wonderful girl, Olga Ilyinskaya. Only when Oblomov refused to continue acquaintance with her, Stolz, having considered what a treasure Olga was, began to court her. The scammers who tried to completely ruin the careless Ilya Ilyich Oblomov finally had to deal with him - tough, insightful. He also pronounces the word that has become a household word - “Oblomovism.” After the illness and death of Ilya Ilyich, the Stoltsy spouses take his son Andryusha to raise him.

Conclusions based on Stolz's image

However, it should be recognized that author's description Stolz is the only flaw in the plot of the novel, as Goncharov himself confirmed. According to the plan, Andrei Ivanovich should have turned out ideal person future, organically combining pragmatism with the genes of the father, and artistic taste and aristocracy inherited from the mother. In reality, the result was the type of bourgeoisie emerging in Russia: active, purposeful, unable to dream. Chekhov was critical of him, agreeing with what flashed in the novel negative characteristic- “purge beast.” Anton Pavlovich debunked Stolz in the press as a man of the future, and Nikolai Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov agreed with him. It is obvious that Goncharov’s characterization of Stolz went too far with rationality and commitment rational thinking. These qualities in a normal, living person should not be hypertrophied to such an extent.