Types of subcultures: Bikers Goths and Satanists Graffiti Metalheads, rockers Punks Rastafarians (Rastafarians) Ravers Rappers Skinheads Football fans (fans) - presentation. Youth subcultures in modern Russia sociology project

Societies are characterized by their own special rules and have their own development trends. Teenagers are very different in their worldview, behavior and habits. In the process of self-discovery, they try to find their place in life, decide on goals and understand themselves. Quite often, such searches lead to such rather serious problems as teenage alcoholism and early drug addiction. Therefore, the influence of subcultures on adolescents is one of the most current problems, which worry all parents without exception.

Positive and negative aspects of the influence of subcultures

Recent sociological studies have shown that many teenagers identify themselves as representatives of one or another subculture. At the same time, some young people are susceptible strong influence subcultures, which can be both positive and negative. In the first case, adolescents receive the skills necessary for life in a social society, and in the second, they acquire qualities with which society is all accessible ways tries to fight.

Teenage subcultures help young people realize their desires and adapt to adulthood and independent life. But there is also negative sides, such as cruelty towards certain groups of people. For example, skinheads are racist and, according to their ideology, can commit criminal acts against persons of other nationalities. For them, there is nothing illegal in such behavior, and therefore they do not understand that they are responsible for the actions they have committed. In this case, adolescent subcultures negatively affect their worldview, pitting the younger generation against others

Varieties of subcultures

All teenage communities have not only their own laws of behavior, but also rules that require a certain appearance. Certain youth movements can shock adult society with numerous piercings, unusual hair color, and strange style of clothing and accessories. Quite often, disagreements between parents and teenagers arise precisely on this basis. Young people do not like it when their personal lives are interfered with, and parents want their child not to stand out from the crowd.

Subculture of working youth - teddy boys

The social youth group Teddy Boys formed back in the early 50s due to the relative improvement of the working class. This youth subculture, which became widespread in the post-war period, consisted of working-class people with unfinished higher education and without a highly paid profession. Their style was copied from the clothing and behavior of members of the upper classes. In the classic version, the “tadd” looked like this: pipe trousers, a loose jacket with a velvet collar, a lace tie and boots with rubber platforms. The image was typically masculine, despite its elegance.

Representatives of the Teddy Boys tried their best to maintain the “high” status they had created, which became the cause of conflicts that arose with representatives of other sectors of society. For example, there were clashes with wealthier teenagers and attacks on elite youth clubs. There were also attacks on immigrants.

Subculture of the skilled working class - fashion

The group of mods included teenagers who, after graduating from school, mastered working professions that required a high level of preparedness. In fact, a fashionist, in the ideal sense, was supposed to live luxuriously, visit prestigious and expensive clubs, restaurants and shops, and dress in extremely expensive things. But for many such pleasures were inaccessible, so all that remained was to try to recreate perfect image. There are four types of mods:

1. Aggressive type in jeans and rough shoes.
2. Owners of scooters, also in jeans and jackets with a hood.
3. Mods in suits and polished shoes made up the majority of this subculture. The list is completed by fashion girls, exemplary in appearance and with short hair.
4. Art school students, students, and so on.

Subculture - rockers

Rockers appeared in the mid-60s. This group consisted mainly of teenagers without education or from single-parent families. The main attributes of the people of this subculture were a leather jacket, worn jeans, large rough shoes, combed back long hair and tattoos. Of course, what is a rocker without such an important element as a motorcycle. Rock music occupies a special place in the rocker subculture.

Skinheads or skinheads

The members of this group, like the rockers, predominantly came from low-skilled workers. Among them, many were unemployed, poorly educated and with low cultural level. Skinheads wore jeans rolled up at the bottom, large, rough shoes, and shaved their heads. Football hooligans are closely associated with the skinheads. These types of subcultures are largely similar in social composition. They are also united by aggressive behavior, for example, associated with football matches.

Punk subculture

This group predominantly included young people from unskilled and low-paid segments of the population. The critical situation of young people led to the emergence of this subculture. The list of associations consisting of poorly educated members of society was supplemented by punks. The stereotypes of this group were closely intertwined with aggressive self-affirmation, but, in addition, it was largely based on views opposed to traditional moral principles and values. Initially, the punk subculture was used to provoke society appearance: unusual hair coloring, strange hairstyles, shocking behavior and different styles of clothing, but over time, stronger methods of influence through themes of violence and death began to be used.

Hippie movement

This subculture appeared in the USA in the 60s and very quickly spread throughout the world. At one time, hippies evolved from the beatniks, representatives of the middle class, who for a long time influenced the people of their group. These American subcultures have one common distinctive feature - an ideology clearly expressed in words. The main elements of the hippie style or worldview were the following:

1. Peacefulness and non-violence. Pacifism was the main hippie ideology. That is why representatives of this group were distinguished by their disregard for power and apoliticality, since it is the rulers who incite wars and force people to fight.
2. Self-development and individualism. These elements were a reaction to the dullness of mass society.
3. Conscious simplification, that is, the transition from a prosperous life to poverty, the rejection of material wealth.
4. Drugs, sexual experiments, travel, festivals, communes - all these are the most striking features of the hippie subculture.
5. Living together is a distinctive feature of hippies, as other subcultures did not adhere to this form of behavior.

Hipsters

This youth subculture arose in the USSR in the late 40s of the 20th century. In this way, Soviet youth protested against the stereotypes of society. The main direction of the dudes was blind copying of the style of the West and the USA. At that time, dudes looked more like a caricature: wide trousers in bright colors, baggy double-breasted jackets, boots with thick soles and, of course, socks in bright colors peeking out from under the trousers. The image was very original and bright, no one worried about the combination of colors.

But over time, closer to the 50s, the dudes changed their image a little. They began to wear tight trousers and elegantly cut jackets with broad shoulders, a thin tie around the neck and, of course, a greased cook. It is worth noting that only guys had a certain look; stylish girls wore fluffy bright dresses or tapered skirts, pointed shoes and wore bright makeup. Society did not allow the development of this subculture in the USSR and in every possible way condemned and persecuted representatives of this vibrant group.

Social subcultures

The process of socialization of adolescents in the subcultures of society occurs much faster. Examples of subcultures such as “green” or “animal defenders” teach the younger generation to help nature and take care of the environment. But theoretical information alone is not always enough to teach teenagers responsibility. We need to show our work in practice" positive subcultures" it needs not only theorems and axioms, but their consolidation by actions and results, otherwise it does not realize the need for good deeds.

Subcultures popular in modern society

The criminal subculture (rockers, punks, emo, skinheads, etc.) in Russia is already losing its position. Negativity and aggression are gradually going out of fashion. In search of new directions, he comes up with his own modern look. For example, the footing subculture does not carry any negative manifestations, therefore it is very well perceived by society. Members of this youth group do not wear shoes in any weather.

Due to the widespread use of the Internet, the subculture of gamers is gaining increasing momentum. Modern youth are increasingly hiding from reality in the virtual world. Many young children already confidently operate tablets, e-readers and mobile phones. But this is basically a false substitute for real hobbies, which is imposed on them by their parents to save their own energy and time. After all, when a child is busy playing computer games, he does not require so much attention and care. In fact, the problem of this subculture is very deep, and parents must take certain measures if their child has a gaming or computer addiction.

Distinctive features of modern youth trends

Youth subcultures modern world characterized by an increase in the number of active associations. In addition, today's youth are increasingly immersed in the Internet. They look for like-minded people online, organize meetings, and hold promotions. Three social and value orientations of modern subcultures can be distinguished:

1. Prosocial trends: the rapper subculture and the role-playing game movement.
2. Asocial movements: punks, metalheads, emo and hippies.
3. Antisocial groups similar to the adult criminal subculture: skinheads in their radical form.

Youth subcultures can also be classified as the group’s activities are included in the young person’s lifestyle. There are behavioral groups and active ones. In the first case, adolescents adhere to the style of clothing, behavior and communication characteristic of the selected group. Such areas are not characterized by engaging in any activity. This includes emo, hipsters and goths. In other words, the younger generation will only change external image and behavior style.

Active types of subcultures are those communities that are based on a passion for specific activities that require one or another activity. This group can include parkourists, graffists, and role-players.

What attracts young people to subcultures

Youth subcultures on a personal level are a way to achieve self-esteem and compensate for the negative attitude of others towards oneself. Dissatisfaction with one’s own style of behavior, body, inconsistency with the standards of femininity or masculinity. Subcultures, the list of which is huge and varied, allow teenagers to give themselves an aura of specialness and bright individuality.

Social and psychological reasons are considered to be the attractiveness of an informal lifestyle, which does not require responsibility, focus and dedication, in contrast to generally accepted requirements in society. There are three possible consequences of the influence of the subculture on the socialization of youth:

1. A positive orientation, which manifests itself in social and cultural self-determination, creative self-realization and experimentation with images, behavioral style, and so on.
2. Socially negative orientation, which is found in joining subcultures of a criminal, extremist nature, drugs and alcohol.
3. An individually negative tendency manifests itself in escaping reality, justifying one’s infantile behavior, and avoiding cultural and social self-determination.

It is quite difficult to determine which trends predominate in a particular subculture. It is even more difficult to notice how it affects a person’s lifestyle. Modern trends attract young people with their diversity and provocative appearance and behavior. But it is worth noting that belonging to a certain social group is, as a rule, a short-term phenomenon. Basically, the passion for subcultures begins at the age of 13 and goes away by the age of 19. By this age, a person changes his hobbies or rethinks. But there are exceptions within the age range, for example, the rocker subculture has no time limits. Among the representatives of this community one can find mature people, and sometimes even the elderly. They have remained true to their teenage hobbies and still listen to rock or play music groups. As a rule, the rocker subculture includes those people who, even in adulthood, are not ready for a responsible and independent life.

The characteristics of adolescent subcultures include their inconstancy in behavior. Many teenagers have an unstable psyche, which largely depends on how their relationship with their parents develops. If there is distance in relationships with close people, then the chances that the child will come under outside influence increase. After all, a teenager needs communication, advice and understanding. If he does not receive all this in his family, then he will seek support among people who are close in spirit and moral state. Very often, a child’s deviant behavior in adolescence is associated with bad example from outside. This could be television, bad actions of comrades in the company, etc. In order to prevent a negative influence on the child, parents need to establish contact with him or attract older youth for this purpose.

Sources of the emergence of subcultures in Russia

In the Russian youth environment, the emergence of subcultures is due to a number of reasons. In the last 15-20 years, the daily life of adults and children has undergone dramatic changes. The openness of Western and Eastern cultures greatly influenced people’s worldviews and dissolved many traditions, stable relationships, and values ​​of Russian citizens. The new scientific and technological revolution, which is primarily associated with the emergence of phenomena such as computers, mobile phones, and the Internet, has had an equally strong impact on people’s lives.

Basically, youth subcultures spread spontaneously. Although quite often parties, trendsetters, and so on contribute to this spread. There is another way - commercial and youth organizations take as a basis forms of youth leisure that exist spontaneously and create organized directions. An example is street dancing. But this process also requires a special approach. Experts believe that interaction with potentially positive informals should be carried out according to three rules: it is necessary to coordinate your actions with the leaders, provide them with everything they need to carry out events, and agree on restrictions on behavior and activity during the actions.

Strategies for youth activities

If we consider youth activities from the perspective of social education, then we can distinguish three main pedagogical strategies. Ignore, do not exclude spontaneous penetration into social life and only after that work or analyze the potential of youth subcultures from the point of view of additional educational methods and use them in the interests of the personal development of adolescents and children.

The potential of youth subcultures from the point of view of education is that the types and forms of activity of adolescents and young people, which arose independently of the pedagogical sphere, in an environment of free communication among young people, are socially positive in nature. But at the same time it is necessary to apply appropriate pedagogical tools.

In fact, modern educational methods have virtually no contact with such youth and adolescent communities. Moreover, this contact is mainly observed in summer camps, in children's public associations, and extremely rarely in secondary school institutions.

As a rule, the lifestyle, behavior and external signs of subcultures of adolescents and young people are covered in a negative way, which contributed to the active imitation of representatives of these communities by a certain unreached part of youth. This, in turn, served as an impetus for the spread of these subcultures beyond the borders of one country. However, the variability and other characteristics of subcultures big influence influenced by ethnic and social conditions. For example, Soviet hippies were not much like representatives of this subculture in Western countries. And the skinheads of modern Russia are very different from the first skinheads of Great Britain.

Violent youth protests in Western countries in the 60-70s and in the Soviet and post-Soviet space in the second half of the 90s caused not only a decrease in social activity among young people, but also contributed to the development of certain tendencies towards escapism. A distinctive characteristic of the modern world is the increase in the number of protest youth subcultures, as well as the diversity of forms. Thus, we can say that new subcultures are emerging, the list of which is growing.

Bikers Where did they come from The history of bikers began in 1901, when a company of twenty-year-old inventors from the American state of Milwaukee began working on the motorization of the bicycle. William Harley and Arthur Davidson worked on the creation of the first-born, and Arthur’s two brothers, Walter and William, participated in the development. The result was a constructively new phenomenon. However, it cannot be said that William Harley and the Davidson brothers became pioneers of motorcycle construction as such. By 1903, there were other motorcycle companies in the United States. And one of them, the Indian motorcycle company, founded in 1901, became the main competitor for Harley-Davidson for many years. But it can still be argued that bikers began with Harleys. The fact is that only William and Arthur made their products something more than just a motorcycle. The degree of contact between the driver and the resulting hybrid was reminiscent of the rider’s relationship with a restive and capricious, but no less beloved horse. The sounds produced, the level of adrenaline in the blood and the speeds developed simply had no analogues. The desire for high speeds prompted the company to create powerful and powerful engines and motorcycles. Where did they come from? The history of bikers began in 1901, when a company of twenty-year-old inventors from the American state of Milwaukee began working on the motorization of the bicycle. William Harley and Arthur Davidson worked on the creation of the first-born, and Arthur’s two brothers, Walter and William, participated in the development. The result was a constructively new phenomenon. However, it cannot be said that William Harley and the Davidson brothers became pioneers of motorcycle construction as such. By 1903, there were other motorcycle companies in the United States. And one of them, the Indian motorcycle company, founded in 1901, became the main competitor for Harley-Davidson for many years. But it can still be argued that bikers began with Harleys. The fact is that only William and Arthur made their products something more than just a motorcycle. The degree of contact between the driver and the resulting hybrid was reminiscent of the rider’s relationship with a restive and capricious, but no less beloved horse. The sounds produced, the level of adrenaline in the blood and the speeds developed simply had no analogues. The desire for high speeds prompted the company to create powerful and powerful engines and motorcycles.

Goths and SATANISTS The goth movement is based on goth music, which grew out of post-punk. Therefore, ready is still considered a musical direction. In general, many trends emerged from punk, including decadent - more depressive and gloomy (later “gothic”). The appearance is ready - black outfits, bats, vampire teeth and other symbols - everything that has at least some relation to the aesthetics of death. Subsequently, mystical symbols began to be added to the decadent flavor, without any attempt to connect them with each other and comprehend them. This uncertainty is the weak point of the Gothic movement: as a subculture that does not have a clear ideology, it is constantly drawn to different sides, and these deviations do not always decorate the reputation of the Goths. Goths perceive their movement as a protest against mass consciousness, bad taste and motley. While the pop music is composing its “three words, 2 chords” about love, the goth, whose whole appearance reminds of death, goes to the cemetery. It doesn’t matter what he will do there: think about the vanity of all things or just have fun with friends. However, the meaning of life is Gothic - this is Gothic itself - as an angle of perception of life, and not at all a cult of death. Gothic is an aesthetic phenomenon, and dark images are nothing more than shocking. It is foolish to look for the meaning of life in death - it is not there. Death is a reminder, a reason to strive for life. Goths perceive their movement as a protest against mass consciousness, bad taste and diversity. While the pop music is composing its “three words, 2 chords” about love, the goth, whose whole appearance reminds of death, goes to the cemetery. It doesn’t matter what he will do there: think about the vanity of all things or just have fun with friends. However, the meaning of life is Gothic - this is Gothic itself - as an angle of perception of life, and not at all a cult of death. Gothic is an aesthetic phenomenon, and dark images are nothing more than shocking. It is foolish to look for the meaning of life in death - it is not there. Death is a reminder, a reason to strive for life. Goth vamps Punk Goth Victorian Goth Androgyn Goth Hippie Goth Corporate Goth Cyber ​​Goth Goth vamps Punk Goth Victorian Goth Androgyn Goth Hippie Goth Corporate Goth Cyber ​​Goth

Graffiti Where did they come from Graffiti is still an art. Some researchers officially consider it a fully established movement of modern avant-gardeism. Graffiti first appeared in America in the late 60s as part of street culture. It all started with simple tags (literally “mark”) in the New York subway, and they left these tags simply to indicate their presence. Today the same thing is happening in the Moscow metro, but real graffitters strongly condemn this. Then taggers switched from vandalizer markers to spray paint, and the inscriptions became larger, brighter and more impressive. A fashion appeared, the business gained momentum, and “bombing” teams began to paint subway cars not only from the inside, but also from the outside at night. This kind street art called subway art. The word graffiti is Italian and originally means scratched. So this definition can include anything, including rock paintings, but this term is usually used to designate art on the walls of houses and in the subway using cans of paint (and occasionally markers), most often in the same style. Street artists called riders, graffers or graffitters.

Metalheads, rockers Where did they come from? The history of heavy music is primarily the history of “dirty” sound. What is modern guitar music gave birth to rock and roll, everyone knows, but it is less known that until about the beginning of the 60s, guitarists did not use an overloaded sound in rock. It was believed that an electric guitar should sound like a regular guitar - just louder, richer and brighter. Any background or distortion was perceived as a defect when adjusting the sound. Little by little, with the development of guitar and sound reinforcement technology, innovative guitarists began to experiment with the volume and frequency knobs of their instruments and “amps.” And this, in turn, led to a change in the methods of the game. The accompanying composition of the groups also began to adapt to the new sound and techniques, then the guitar gradually came to the fore and from an inconspicuous accompanying instrument turned into the queen of the ball, sometimes even pushing aside the vocalist. Metalheads are one of the largest “informal” subcultures. Once upon a time, heavy music was either the hobby of a few music lovers, or the elite entertainment of the intelligentsia... and even the momentary hobby of gopniks. Today almost everyone listens to heavy music. Now this is a very rich musical layer, some components of which have nothing in common with each other, except for the characteristic “overloaded” sound. “Heaviness” today is an equal, fashionable, advanced movement, not an underground movement, not a rebellion, as it used to be. Their appearance is defiantly aggressive: black clothes with a lot of metal, images of skulls, blood, the inscription “Satan” on English language. Although the clothes are clean and tidy. Classic metalheads wear tight black jeans tucked into high boots or “cossacks”, leather jackets with an oblique zipper - “leather jackets”, “knobs”, earrings in the left ear, rings with images of skulls or other black magic symbols(pentagram, skeleton, etc.) But their external aggressiveness and gloominess are most often a means of shocking the people around them. Those over 25 years old who are engaged in serious work are, as a rule, peaceful, although sometimes they can misbehave with those who are younger. There are real experts and connoisseurs among metalheads hard rock. They are peace-loving, do not get carried away with paraphernalia, and are well versed in musical styles, not only modern, but also classical music. Often metalheads are bikers, which will be discussed later.

Where did they come from? Punks appeared in Great Britain, more precisely in Wales, in the first half of the 30s. This is what people who lived in poor areas of cities called themselves, as a rule, the children of coal miners. They drank "Indian moonshine" - hooch, smoked opium, snorted toxic substances. The means of livelihood was elementary banditry, entertainment - fights, breaking glass. Punk music in the 1930s was “black jazz,” performed by blacks. The ideology is based on anarchy and the complete negation of the state and society. Gradually, the punks of those years turned into people who listen to “punk” and “punk rock”. Conventionally, we can distinguish two age groups punks. The first is to imitate punks of the 30s and musicians on stage. They dress provocatively, try to wash themselves as little as possible, think that it’s very “cool” to swear, engage in petty hooliganism, smoke “weed” - their intellect is not sufficiently developed for anything more. They listen to “punk” and “punk rock” without understanding the essence. The second group of punks are older. They do not behave aggressively, they dress more respectably, they take music seriously, many of them play the musical instruments. Occasionally they are not averse to reading books, although they are far from Russian classical literature. This trend is antisocial, anarchic, with elements of denial of the culture of older generations and civilizations. Punks have always been against power, regime, order, and therefore they themselves never promoted any ideas other than anarchy.

Rastafarians (Rastafari) Where did they come from? We can safely say that few of the young Russians who have tried on this style are deeply familiar with the ideology of the national-religious movement of the African-American population of Jamaica, who saw in the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie a messiah, a kind of collector of “dispersed” people from Africa . In 1930, distant Jamaica was an explosive mixture of African sects with names that were difficult to pronounce. Marcus Mosiah Garvey, expelled from the United States, actively preaches the idea that Jesus Christ was black, so we should wait for the coming of a great king from Africa - the savior of the black race. On November 2, 1930, Prince Tafari Makonen (or Ras Tafari - hence the name of the movement) was crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. Thousands of people found the prophecies to come true. This is how Rastafarianism was born. Rastafarians believe that everything valuable to humanity originated in Africa. Africa is a paradise on Earth where Rastafarians live, according to the will of the great Jah. They declare war on Babylon (white culture). From their point of view, you can: love people, smoke weed, sit back, understand the meaning of life, tell others about Rastafari, philosophize, play the drums, fight Babylon, wear dreadlocks and listen to reggae; you cannot: eat pork, shellfish, salt, vinegar, fish without scales, cow's milk, smoke tobacco, drink rum and wine, carry things from someone else's shoulder, eat food prepared by others, gamble, touch the dead, preach to the unworthy. Subculture that emerged in the 20s. XX century in Jamaica and has its roots in the syncretic cults of Africa and the Caribbean. In appearance, in addition to T-shirts with a cannabis leaf, berets, knitted robes and hats (homemade) colored red-yellow-green (the colors of the Ethiopian flag), Rastafari have other insignia. For example, borings. These are several long hairs with threads, pebbles, balls or something else woven into them and, of course, dreadlocks - long locks of hair braided into braids, rubbed with hair wax and twisted into tight strands.

“Rave” (from the English rave - to rave, nonsense, incoherent speech, also: to rage, roar, howl, rage, speak with enthusiasm) is interpreted in T. Thorne’s Dictionary of Modern Slang as “a wild party”, dancing or a situation of desperate behavior." The source of life guidelines for ravers was the musical style, or more precisely, the lifestyle examples of their idols, musicians. Ravers basically take the behavior model of nightclub regulars. According to this model, the raver's lifestyle is nocturnal. Their appearance and behavior promote man's departure from nature. Rave is not only music, but also bright synthetic clothes, dyed hair (often exotically colored in squares, circles), special earrings, fennies, and dance. Their life is pure entertainment. Entertainment - not only discos, drugs and other pleasures, but also cinema, painting, and less often - theater. The ideology of ravers is based on fun and non-interference. They do not believe that their parents should necessarily give them money. They agree to earn extra money, but where they don’t have to work hard to earn their living. In a reputable, prestigious company: for big money - please. This is also one of the expensive lifestyles. It is still very common among young people. Typically, ravers are simply called “party people.” Acid players join the ravers. They also wear exotically bright clothes and hairstyles; they see the meaning of life in entertainment.

Appearance. They wear wide clothes that are several sizes larger. Athletic. Favorite sport is basketball. Jewelry includes badges and earrings. The hair is cut short. Many rappers do not drink alcohol, not even beer, but prefer hard drugs. Rappers are not only those who listen to rap music, but also people who write rap, imbued with its idea. For the most part, rappers are not aggressive, except for those who consider themselves to be part of the “Gangsta” movement. Appearance. They wear wide clothes that are several sizes larger. Athletic. Favorite sport is basketball. Jewelry includes badges and earrings. The hair is cut short. Many rappers do not drink alcohol, not even beer, but prefer hard drugs. Rappers are not only those who listen to rap music, but also people who write rap, imbued with its idea. For the most part, rappers are not aggressive, except for those who consider themselves to be part of the “Gangsta” movement. Among many other subcultural forms based on musical styles, rap (English rap - light blow, knock) has gained wide popularity in Russia. The manner of performance (“reading”), the appearance of the performers, their actions come from the street life of teenagers in the black neighborhoods of America in rap. On Russian soil This style is imitative in nature and has recently increasingly become part of a subcultural polystylistic formation called hip-hop culture. Her priorities, besides rap: breakdancing as a form of dance and body work, graffiti as a type of special wall painting, extreme sports, streetball (street basketball), etc. She is quite democratic and does not lose a direct connection with the “youth of the street” , although it is obvious that her identity is supported from the outside. In large cities there are quite a lot of young people wearing clothes stylistically related to rap. But rap fans view the "tough guys in baggy pants" posing as rappers with contempt. The fact that rapper clothing is found quite often in Moscow and some other Russian cities is largely influenced by the economic factor: such clothing is sold at wholesale clothing markets and is relatively inexpensive. But, of course, a certain part of young people are quite consciously oriented towards hip-hop culture.

Skinheads Derived from English. skin head - shaved head. These are neo-fascist closed youth groups. Preaching a cult strong personality, racism, chauvinism, cult of black magic, systematically engage in physical training. They don't hide their views. The greeting is an outstretched hand. Often the head of such a youth group is an adult with pro-fascist views. Strangers are not allowed to attend meetings. Military-style organization. Ideology is the subordination of a strong personality; all the weak and infirm have no right to life. The ideology is based on the ideas of National Socialism and anti-Semitism. They hate grungers, rappers, hippies, ravers and people of a different skin color. Metalheads and most rockers are either indifferent or sympathetic. They are afraid of bikers. Average age skins years. They like to listen to military anthems and marches, “metal” of the mid-80s. Another subculture is very similar to skinheads: RNE (Russian National Unity). Style The first skin generation listened to ska in defiance of hippie reggae, wore loose suit jackets and badges of banned parties.. Once, in 1969, a fight broke out in a port London pub between the first skinheads and the marines. The first battle for the skinheads ended in heavy losses. After this, the skins cut their collars, narrowed their trousers, took off their badges, and put heavy construction boots on their feet. This is how the canon of skinhead clothing was established. Everything in this clothing is strictly functional, adapted for a street fight: thick black jeans, cheap, durable, on which dirt and blood are hard to see, heavy laced army boots with thick soles, comfortable for running and a weapon in a fight, short jackets - “bombers” "without a collar, so that the enemy has nothing to grab onto; a shaved or cropped head, so that the enemy cannot grab the hair. Nothing superfluous: no glasses, badges, no bags, shoulder straps, nothing that prevents you from dodging the enemy’s hands. Instead of black laces, white laces appeared in the boots, as a symbol of the fact that the skins are fighting for the White Race. This is how skinheads were formed - young people who decided to fight... Where did they come from? The first skinheads appeared in England in the fall of 1968. These were tough guys who equally hated young bourgeois majors and relaxed hippie drug addicts. Strong fists and bulging biceps formed the basis of a subculture of children from poor suburbs, sons of the working class, who are steadily replenishing the army of the unemployed. The visiting emigrants not only took away jobs from the natives, but also behaved obscenely. The number of robberies, murders, and rapes committed by emigrants increased. In urban areas inhabited by blacks and Turks, it was dangerous for a white person to walk, especially at night. They could easily have been robbed or killed. Detachments of skinheads began to visit these areas. Sometimes small fights turned into bloody massacres, pogroms. There were killed and wounded. Everything is like in war. The ideology of “White Power” has emerged - White Power (Power to Whites), which must maintain racial balance not only in Europe, but throughout the world. Real skinheads do not call for the destruction of other races, they simply say that everyone has their own home, their own homeland, the land of their ancestors.

Football fans A group close to criminal subcultures consists of fans (fans) of football teams. Communities of football fans are one of the most common forms of subcultural youth activity in modern Russia, which has a long origin. Many forms of support for teams by their fans developed back in the 30s, when football was amateur in the full sense of the word, and football players worked among their fans. Later, as football professionalized in Russia, the modern practice of organized fan trips to support the team at games in other cities arose. The specificity of this subculture is that it requires a minimum of effort from participants and does not deeply affect the way of life. The game itself on the football field inspires fans, but more significant for them are the moments of general emotional release, the opportunity to “break away”, to express their feelings to the fullest (yell, rowdy). Sometimes their actions are straight criminal character. But the subcultural meaning of football fan communities does not end there, of course. Young fans get the opportunity, among their peers, to model their behavior as a group and at the same time not experiencing pressure from the main social control authorities (parents, school, etc.). Football fans are a complex community to organize. Travel to other cities is very often associated with fights - often on the station square. The main means of distinguishing fans is a scarf (“rosette”, “rose”). A regular scarf is designed in the colors of the football team and can have various inscriptions. Within the framework of the fan movement, different attitudes and lifestyles are combined. A group of Spartak fans, the Gladiators, are guided by the philosophy of a “clean lifestyle.” Physically well developed, its members avoid fights, but protect the “little ones” - the youngest part of the fans, the newcomers.

Hippies All hippies wear long flowing hair (hair), usually parted in the middle. A thin bandage (hairatnik) covers the forehead and back of the head. Usually there are jeans or a denim jacket, sometimes a hoodie of an unspecified color, and around the neck there is a “xivnik” (small leather handbag), decorated with beads or embroidery. On the hands - “fenki” (from the English thing - thing), i.e. homemade bracelets or beads, most often made of beads, wood or leather. Many men grow a beard. The reasons why they wear long hair are the following: 1) it is more natural, closer to nature; 2) Jesus Christ wore long hair and a beard, hippies imitate him; 3) long hair makes it possible to better capture the radiation of the cosmic mind, being a kind of antenna. This organization is not so numerous, but has long-standing traditions. Their philosophy influenced the views and lives of the 1970s generation. Hippies have their own rules of behavior and their own philosophy. They unite into the System. This is a kind of club that not everyone is accepted into. The system is divided into groups (parties), where there are two layers: “pioneers” and “old ones” (mammoths). “Pioneers” are teenagers, “old ones” are old members of the System, seriously delving into the problems of religion, mysticism, and artistic creativity. Dress code: jeans, sweaters, T-shirts, out-of-fashion coats. Clothes are often shabby or specially given this appearance: artificial holes are made, bright patches are placed on jeans and jackets, inscriptions are made in English. In the cold season, hippies live in the city, go to “parties,” and in the summer they hitchhike and set up tent cities. Ideology - a person must be free, first of all, internally. Man is also free in love, which promotes the unity of people. They preach pacifism: they call not to respond to violence with violence, they oppose military service. They believe in a higher reality that exists alongside the everyday one in which we all live. You can reach it through a change in consciousness through art. Hence the interest in religion, creative activity. The desire for naturalness is expressed in the desire not to change what happens by itself (for example, not to cut hair), not to carry out active, purposeful actions, to be inactive, to be unpretentious in everyday life, to be able to endure adversity and deprivation. Hippies are romantics, they love everything bright, original, and creative. They want to be independent from social conventions, free individuals. To emancipate one's consciousness and sense of freedom, smoking hashish is common among hippies. They are interested in the philosophy of the East. Among musical movements they prefer soft rock, in particular the group "Aquarium", ethnic music different nations. Dress code: jeans, sweaters, T-shirts, out-of-fashion coats. Clothes are often shabby or specially given this appearance: artificial holes are made, bright patches are placed on jeans and jackets, inscriptions are made in English. In the cold season, hippies live in the city, go to “parties,” and in the summer they hitchhike and set up tent cities. Ideology - a person must be free, first of all, internally. Man is also free in love, which promotes the unity of people. They preach pacifism: they call not to respond to violence with violence, they oppose military service. They believe in a higher reality that exists alongside the everyday one in which we all live. You can reach it through a change in consciousness through art. Hence the interest in religion and creative activity. The desire for naturalness is expressed in the desire not to change what happens by itself (for example, not to cut hair), not to carry out active, purposeful actions, to be inactive, to be unpretentious in everyday life, to be able to endure adversity and deprivation. Hippies are romantics, they love everything bright, original, and creative. They want to be independent from social conventions, free individuals. To emancipate one's consciousness and sense of freedom, smoking hashish is common among hippies. They are interested in the philosophy of the East. Among musical trends they prefer soft rock, in particular the group "Aquarium", and ethnic music of different nations.

EMO Emo subculture, was born approximately 22 years ago. Of course, Emo culture, like many other subcultures, was collected from several other cultures, modernized, or simply taken halfway. But now let's look at Emo culture in music. As you know, Emo comes from the word emotion, emotional. In Emo music, there are very beautiful, melodic vocals and always hysterical creaking vocals. This type of vocals is called “Scream vocals” (From English, sl., Scream.) Many groups playing in this style finish their performances early due to the fact that they are overwhelmed by emotions and cannot control themselves . More and more often I am faced with the fact that many people have a too primitive and superficial concept of EMO culture. Many people believe that all emos are characterized by whining, tears, withdrawal and suicidal tendencies, but this is wrong! We need to start from the fact that each person is a person, an individual! And a sub-culture can only be characterized by the style of music and clothing, but emo is not just an image, it is a worldview, it is a soul, it is a lifestyle. EMO does not have the same philosophy as the goths or punks, but many do not delve into the essence of EMO, and either become posers.

Ganguro Appearance Bright, colorful (pink-blue) clothes, girls wear miniskirts Plastic jewelry in the form of flowers, Shoes with high platforms White knee-highs Light makeup Shiny lipstick Dark skin from tanning beds or foundation Bleached long hair Ganguro is a subculture of Japanese youth, appeared in the 1990s. Conservatives call ganguro - yamanba - mountain witches, caricatures of Europeans.

1.1. Persons under 16 years of age, as well as pensioners and disabled people are counted as unemployed if they were looking for work and were ready to start work.

1.2. An increase in demand for a product does not always lead to an increase in its supply on the market.

1.3. Demand in the labor market is determined by employers.

1.4. Any objective truth can be verified in practice.

1.5. The information that country N is holding popular elections of the head of state and members of parliament allows us to assert that a democratic political regime has been established in this state.

1.6. Ministers of the Russian Federation are appointed by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation approved by the State Duma.

1.7. The conscription of citizens for military service in the Russian Federation is carried out on the basis of a resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation.

1.8. In the Russian Federation, wages for employees at their main place of work must be paid twice a month.

Answer:

1 point for each correct answer.

Task 2

Hipsters, bikers, football fans, hippies.

Answer: Subcultures/social groups identified on the basis of subcultures.

1 point for the correct answer.

Task 3

What do the following concepts have in common? Give the most accurate answer and write it down on your worksheet.

Manufacturing, treasure, find, prescription, transaction alienation.

Answer: Grounds for acquiring property rights in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

1 point for the correct answer.

Task 4

The number of consumers in the market, consumer income, prices for interchangeable and complementary goods, consumer tastes, tax profit.

Answer:

General: non-price factors of demand.

Extra: income tax.

for pointing out too much).

Task 5

Give a brief rationale for the series (what unites the listed elements) and indicate which of the elements is superfluous on this basis. Write down your answers on your worksheet.

Compensation for moral damage, compensation for lost profits, penalties, loss of deposit, dismissal.

Answer:

General: measures of civil liability.

Extra: dismissal.

2 points for the correct answer (1 point for correct justification, 1 point for pointing out too much).

Task 6

Match the fragments of the works of scientists - economists and economic teachings to which they belong. Enter your answers into the table on your worksheet.

Answer:

2 points for each correct position.

Task 7

Establish the correct correspondence between regulations and their types. Enter your answers into the table on your worksheet.

Answer:

1 point for each correct correlation.

Task 8

Solve an economic problem. Write down your answers on your worksheet. Mr. T. has citizenship of countries N and M. Country N has a progressive system of taxation of personal income. Income up to 10,000 USD That is, they are not subject to tax per year. Income from 10,001 to 30,001 USD. e. per year are taxed at a rate of 15%, income from 30,001 to 100,000 USD, and at a rate of 25%.

Income over 100,000 USD e. per year - at a rate of 35%. Country M has a flat tax rate and all income, regardless of amount, is taxed at 20%.

In which country is it more profitable for T. to be a tax resident if he receives income in the amount of 60,000 USD? e. per year?

Answer:

Calculation of the amount of income tax of Mr. T. in country N:

1) 10,000×0% = 0

2) 30,000 – 10,000 = 20,000×15% = 3000 USD

3) 60,000 – 30,000 = 30,000×20% = 6000 USD

Total tax in country N: 3000 + 6000 = 9000 y. e.

4) Calculation of the amount of income tax of Mr. T. in country M:

60,000×20% = 12,000 USD. e.

Therefore, it is more profitable for Mr. T. to be a tax resident in country N

1 point for each correct calculation given.

1 point for the correct answer.

Maximum 6 points for the task.

Task 9

Solve a legal problem. Write down your answers on your worksheet. Arriving at work on the morning of Monday, April 14, employee K. learned that he was fired due to the expiration of the employment contract (which was concluded exactly 3 years ago for three years), and also had to pay a fine for being 2 hours late for work. last Friday. Worker K. considered this illegal and held a meeting of the work collective, proposing to organize a strike, which was supported by the majority of the meeting. The next day, half of the workforce went on strike. Will the strike be declared legal? Justify your answer.

Answer:

A strike cannot be recognized as legal. The following justifications can be given:

• a strike can only be declared in the event of a collective labor dispute;
• the decision to strike must be preceded by conciliation procedures;
• the employer was not notified in writing about it at least 5 working days before it began.

2 points for each justification given.

Maximum 6 points for the task.

Task 10

Solve a political science problem. Enter your answers into the table on your worksheet.

A 9th grade student, after studying the topic “Forms of State” in a social studies lesson, decided to conduct research on the form of government in the state of Kazakhstan, which has a republican form of government. Getting to work, the student wrote down the questions that arose in his mind, to which he would like to receive answers in the course of studying information about the political structure of the state of K. There were eight questions in total.

1. How is the government formed in the state of K?
2. Do the territories that make up the state of K. have the status of state entities?
3. Does the central government take direct part in the formation of the authorities of the territories that are part of the state of Kazakhstan?
4. For how long is the parliament of the state of K. elected?
5. Is there a division into chambers in the parliament of the state of K.?
6. Does the head of state have the right to dissolve parliament?
7. Are the activities of opposition political parties allowed in the state of K?
8. Do the territories that make up the state of K. have their own legislation?

As a result of the study, the student came to the conclusion that the K. state is federal. Which of the following questions helped him come to this conclusion? What answers could he have received to these questions to come to this conclusion?

Fill out your answer in the form of a table on the work form, writing down in it only those question numbers and answers to them that allow you to draw a conclusion about the form of government of the country K. Indicate the question numbers and give one precise and succinct answer to each of them.

Answer:

1 point for each correctly highlighted question and the correct answer to it.

Maximum 4 points for the task.

Task 11

Solve a logic problem. Give the necessary chain of reasoning. Write down your answers on your worksheet.

Anastasia Ivanovna, Faina Sergeevna, Victoria Pavlovna and Galina Anatolyevna are family friends. They decided to take their daughters on a ride on the Ferris wheel. They ended up in booths together: Lena with Anastasia Ivanovna, Anya with Ksenia’s mother, Tamara with Anya’s mother, Faina Sergeevna with Victoria Pavlovna’s daughter, and Victoria Pavlovna with Anastasia Ivanovna’s daughter.

Tell us who is whose daughter if none of the girls rode with their mother.

Answer: According to the conditions of the problem, none of the girls rode with their mother. Since Anastasia Ivanovna rode with Lena, she cannot be her mother. Ksenia cannot be the daughter of Anastasia Ivanovna, since Anya skated with Ksenia’s mother, and Lena skated with Anastasia Ivanovna. Anastasia Ivanovna cannot be Anya’s mother, since Tamara, not Lena, skated with Anya’s mother.

Thus, Anastasia Ivanovna is Tamara’s mother.

Victoria Pavlovna was skating with Tamara, and according to the condition of the problem, Tamara was skating with Anya’s mother, which means Victoria Pavlovna is Anya’s mother.

Faina Sergeevna was skating with her daughter, Victoria Pavlovna, which means she was skating with Anya.

According to the conditions of the problem, Anya rode with Ksenia’s mother, which means Faina Sergeevna is Ksenia’s mother.

Thus, Lena’s mother is Galina Anatolyevna.

Lena is the daughter of Galina Anatolyevna; Anya is the daughter of Victoria Pavlovna; Tamara is the daughter of Anastasia Ivanovna; Ksenia is the daughter of Faina Sergeevna.

2 points for a completely correct answer.

1 point for a partially correct answer.

3 points for a complete (which contains all the provisions) reasoning.

1 point if not all or incorrect provisions are contained. The order in which the arguments are presented is not evaluated.

Maximum 5 points for the task.

Task 12

Insert in place of the gaps the serial numbers of the corresponding words from the proposed list. The words are given in the list in singular, in the nominative case, adjectives - in the masculine gender. Please note: the list of words also contains some that should not appear in the text! Enter your answers into the table on your worksheet.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation defines entrepreneurship as _________ (A), carried out on its own _________ (B) activities aimed at systematically obtaining _______ (C) from the use of _______ (D), sale of _______ (E), performance of work or provision of _______ (E) persons registered in this capacity in the established _______ (AND) ok.

Both individuals and legal entities can engage in entrepreneurship. To engage in legal business, citizens need to register in the form _______ (W). The Civil Code of the Russian Federation identifies several forms of commercial legal entities. So, _______ (AND) recognizes a voluntary association of citizens on the basis of membership for joint production or other economic activities based on their personal labor participation and the association of its members with property shares. One of the most popular forms of entrepreneurship in Russia is _______ (TO), the authorized capital of which is divided into shares, and its participants are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with its activities only to the extent of the value of their shares.

List of terms:

Answer:

9–10 correct insertions – 5 points.

7–8 correct insertions – 4 points.

5–6 correct insertions – 3 points.

3–4 correct insertions – 2 points.

1–2 correct insertions – 1 point.

Maximum 5 points for the task.

Task 13

Combine the following concepts into a classification scheme. Enter the serial numbers of the concepts in the corresponding columns of the diagram on the work form.

Concepts:

Answer:

10–11 correct elements – 6 points.

9–10 correct elements – 5 points.

7–8 correct elements – 4 points.

5–6 correct elements – 3 points.

3–4 correct elements – 2 points.

1–2 correct elements – 1 point.

Maximum 6 points for the task.

Task 14

Consider the painting by V.G. Perov "Hunters at rest". Indicate all the characteristics of the image depicted on it social group. Record the results in the table on the worksheet.

Painting by V.G. Perov "Hunters at Rest"

Answer:

2 points for each correct characteristic.

Maximum 8 points for the task.

Task 15

Read the materials below and complete the suggested tasks. Number the answers to each item in accordance with the task and write them down on the work sheet.

The replacement of the old type of reproduction with a new one cannot happen immediately; it occurs gradually over the life of several generations of people. Therefore, with the beginning of the demographic revolution, the population enters into more or less a long period, during which intermediate, transitional characteristics of population reproduction are observed, combining the characteristics of old and new types of demographic reproduction - the period of demographic transition. The demographic transition includes two main phases: a phase of declining mortality and a phase of declining fertility. In order for the demographic revolution to take place, both of these declines must occur, and in this sense, the demographic revolution occurs everywhere in the same way. But the speed of each of these declines, their interaction with each other, the sequence of their spread to various layers of society depend on a number of specific historical factors, including, as will be shown below, largely determined by the social system. Therefore, the demographic transition in different historical conditions can (and does) proceed differently, and the specific features of the demographic transition in a particular country are of independent importance.

In most cases, the second phase of the transition (decrease in fertility) begins more or less long after the start of its first phase (decrease in mortality). During this time, the decreasing mortality rate corresponds to a consistently high birth rate, resulting in an acceleration of population growth. This acceleration continues until the second phase of the transition begins, after which the acceleration in population growth stops, and as the decline in fertility catches up with the decline in mortality (and sometimes even overtakes it), population growth slows, returning to approximately at the same pace as before the start of the demographic revolution.

Thus, in the process of demographic transition, the population, as a rule, experiences a period of unprecedentedly rapid growth, so that its numbers in less than a century can grow much more than in its entire previous history. This huge increase in population in a short period of time is called the “population explosion.” The power of such an “explosion” depends on the specific situation in which the demographic transition is taking place.

Historical experience allows us to identify three typical patterns of demographic transition. The first type can be illustrated by the example of France, where (almost an exceptional case) both phases of the transition began almost simultaneously, the decline in mortality and fertility proceeded almost in parallel, due to which France did not experience a “demographic explosion.”

Examples of the second type of demographic transition are provided by England, Sweden and a number of other Western European countries. Here, the decline in mortality began at the same time as in France; the decline in fertility began a hundred years later. This explains the European “population explosion” of the 19th century, a typical illustration of which is the demographic development of England. Its population in 1800 was (without Northern Ireland) 10.9 million people (40% of the population of France). During the 19th century, the population of England grew by almost 26 million people, or 3.4 times (the population of France - by a little more than 40%), and at the same time several million more people emigrated overseas. In Western Europe, the “population explosion” ceased at the beginning of the 20th century as a result of a sharp and very rapid decline in the birth rate, which for some time even created the idea of ​​​​depopulation in some countries.

Finally, the third type of demographic transition is characteristic of developing countries in our time. Mortality rates in these countries are falling very quickly, and in many of them they are now significantly lower than anywhere else in the 19th century; the second phase of transition to best case scenario It’s just beginning, and even then, apparently, not everywhere. Therefore, the excess of the birth rate over the death rate reaches enormous proportions, and the power of the “demographic explosion” far exceeds everything known so far. There is no doubt that these immediate consequences of the demographic revolution are very important. Humanity is already faced with complex economic, environmental and other problems that are becoming more acute mainly in those areas of the world where poverty and economic backwardness are delaying the entry into the second phase of the demographic transition, which, in turn, is slowing down socio-economic transformations in these areas. areas.

(A.G. Vishnevsky. Demographic revolution)

Answer: The old type of population reproduction is characterized by high mortality and high birth rates.

1 point for each correctly named feature of the old type of population reproduction. Maximum 2 points.

15.2. What is a population explosion? What factors does the author explain the European population explosion of the 19th century?

Answer: A demographic explosion is a sharp increase in population as a result of a stable and significant excess of birth rates over deaths. The author explains the European demographic explosion of the 19th century by the fact that in most European countries the decline in mortality began much earlier than the decline in fertility.

1 point for the correct definition of the concept of “population explosion.”

1 point for correctly indicating the cause of the population explosion in Europe

in the 19th century. Maximum 2 points.

15.3. List at least three consequences of the population explosion in modern developing countries.

Answer: Among the consequences of the population explosion in modern developing countries can be indicated.

1. Exacerbation of the problem of supplying the population of developing countries with food and drinking water.
2. The growing gap in living standards between developed and developing countries (North-South problem).
3. Increasing migration flows from developing countries.
4. The problem of youth unemployment in developing countries, as a consequence of growth, social and political tension.

Other true consequences of the population explosion in developing countries can be pointed out.

2 points for each correctly stated consequence of the population explosion in developing countries. Maximum 6 points.

Diagram 1

Answer:

Situation A belongs to the third type (“demographic explosion”), characterized by a rapid decrease in mortality while maintaining a high birth rate (modern developing countries). Situation B belongs to the first type, which is characterized by a simultaneous, synchronous decrease in mortality and fertility, and low rates of population growth (France).

2 points for each correctly defined type with the given argument. An answer without reasoning will not be evaluated. Maximum 4 points.

Diagram 2

15.5. Based on the provisions of the text and the data in diagram 2, draw a conclusion: can we say that Russia experienced a demographic explosion in the twentieth century? Justify your conclusion with data from the diagram.

Answer: In the twentieth century, Russia experienced a simultaneous rapid decline in fertility and mortality ( 1 point), while after 1960 the population growth rate declined ( 1 point), and after 1990 the population began to decline

1 point.

These data do not allow us to say that Russia experienced a demographic explosion in the 20th century.

2 points for the correct answer about the absence of a demographic explosion in Russia in the 20th century. Maximum 5 points.

Maximum score for the task is 19 points.

Task 16

Read the text and complete the task. Write down your answers on your worksheet.

Some writers have so confused the concepts of "society" and "government" that little or no difference remains between them; meanwhile, these things are not only different, but also of different origins. Society is created by our needs, and government by our vices; the first contributes to our happiness positively, uniting our good impulses, the second - negatively, curbing our vices; one encourages rapprochement, the other breeds discord. The first is the protector, the second is the punisher.

Society in any state is good, but government, even the best, is only a necessary evil, and in the worst case, an unbearable evil; for when we suffer or suffer from the government the same misfortunes that could be expected in a country without a government, our misfortunes are aggravated by the consciousness that the causes of our sufferings are of our own making. Government, like clothes, signifies lost chastity: royal palaces are erected on the ruins of heavenly pavilions. After all, if the dictates of conscience were clear, definite and unquestioningly fulfilled, then man would not need any other legislator; but since this is not so, a man is forced to give up part of his property in order to provide a means of protecting the rest, and he is forced to do this from the same prudence which in all other cases prompts him to choose the lesser of two evils. And since security is the true purpose and end of governmental power, it follows irrefutably that, whatever its form, that which will most certainly provide us with this security, with the least expense and with the greatest benefit, is preferable.

To obtain a clear and correct idea of ​​the purpose and purpose of government, let us suppose that a small number of people were to settle in some isolated corner of the earth, not connected with the rest of the world; then these people will represent the first inhabitants of any country or world. In this state of natural freedom they will think first of all about society. Thousands of reasons will prompt them to do this. One man's strength is so unsuited to his needs and his mind is so unsuited to eternal solitude that he will soon be forced to seek help and relief from another, who in turn needs the same. Four or five people can build a tolerable home in wild places, but alone you can work your whole life without achieving anything. Having cut down a tree, he could not alone move it or, having moved it, raise it; hunger, meanwhile, would drive him away from this work, and every other need would call in a different direction; illness and simple failure would mean death for him. Although both may not be fatal in themselves, he will still lose his livelihood and fall into a state where he can be said to perish rather than simply die.

Thus, necessity, like a force of attraction, would soon unite our newly arrived settlers into a society, the mutual benefits of which would replace and render unnecessary the obligations imposed by law and state, so long as these people maintained complete justice towards each other; but since only heaven is inaccessible to vice, it is inevitable that as the first difficulties of migration, which unite them for a common cause, are overcome, the feelings of duty and mutual affection will begin to weaken, and this weakening will indicate the necessity of establishing some form of government to compensate for the lack of virtue.

Some suitable tree will serve as a government building, under whose branches the whole colony can gather to discuss public affairs. It is more than likely that their first laws will be called only rules and implemented only under pain of public censure. In this first parliament, everyone will take a place by natural right.

Assignments to the text:

1. Indicate the political ideology to which the author can be attributed (the ideological basis of the text).
2. Name three principles of the political ideology you indicated, reflected in the text, and illustrate each principle with a corresponding fragment from the text.
3. Present a detailed critique of the ideological basis of the text from the point of view of some alternative political ideology.
   • 3.1 Name an alternative political ideology from the standpoint of which you will criticize this text.
   • 3.2 Give antitheses to each principle of political ideology that you formulated when answering question 2, of which the author of the text is an adherent.

Answer:

1. Political ideology of the text – liberalism or classic liberalism. 3 points.
2. Examples of principles and fragments

a) The contrast between society and the state.

Fragment:

“Society is created by our needs, and government by our vices; the first contributes to our happiness positively, uniting our good impulses, the second - negatively, curbing our vices; one encourages rapprochement, the other breeds discord. The first is the protector, the second is the punisher.”

b) Minimal state.

Fragment:

“...the government, even the best, is only a necessary evil.”

“...the most preferable of all is that (form of government power) that will most likely provide us with this security, with the least cost and with the greatest benefit.”

c) Democratic government.

Fragment:

“The government building will be some suitable tree, under whose branches the whole colony can gather to discuss public affairs... In this first parliament everyone will take a place by natural right."

d) Freedom as one of the main values.

Fragment:

“In this state of natural freedom they will think first of all about society.”

“This is the purpose and purpose of government, that is, freedom...”

Other fragments can be used to confirm the conclusions, as well as other provisions of liberalism reflected in the text, supported by relevant fragments.

3 points for each given principle and 3 points for each given fragment. Total 18 points.

1. Criticism of the text:

Example:

Criticism from the point of view socialism:

• A) A minimal state is not an optimal formula, since society is not always capable of self-regulation (poor, sick, abandoned children). A state with greater powers is able to ensure the well-being of all members of society much more effectively (free education, medicine, etc.)
• b) Equality is a primary value in relation to freedom, therefore it is the ultimate goal of the functioning of the state.
• V) A strong authoritarian state protects the interests of society better than elected representatives, since representatives are unlikely to reach consensus (radical socialism).

The antithesis must be precisely an objection to the thesis being criticized, and not an abstract position of another political ideology that is not related to the thesis being criticized. The text may be criticized from the standpoint of another alternative political ideology– conservatism, nationalism, etc.

1 point for the named ideology.

2 points for each antithesis given.

Total 7 points.

Task 17

Here are the statements of famous domestic and foreign thinkers. Choose one that will become the topic of your essay. Your task is to formulate your own attitude to the problem raised in this statement and justify it with those arguments that seem to you the most significant. Having chosen a topic, be sure to indicate from the perspective of which basic science (cultural studies, political science, sociology, philosophy, economics, jurisprudence) you will consider it.

Your work will be assessed by a jury based on the following criteria.

1. Ability to formulate and justify own point of view when revealing the topic. (It is necessary to formulate your point of view on a social science problem, and not to express your attitude to the author’s statement - agreement or disagreement with the author’s statement.)
2. Level of argumentation:

Statements

1. We are given the opportunity to choose, but we are not given the opportunity to avoid choice. (A. Rand).
2. All commerce is an attempt to foresee the future. (S. Butler).
3. A society without stratification with real equality of all its members is a myth that has never become a reality in the entire history of mankind (P. Sorokin).
4. Democracy is a mechanism to ensure that we are governed no better than we deserve. (B. Shaw).
5. The essence of law is the balance of two moral interests: personal freedom and the common good (V. Solovyov).
6. Needs grow not so much from urgent need as from capricious desires (J.-J. Rousseau).
7. Not everything that the law allows, conscience allows (Plato).
8. Art is a powerful means of correcting human imperfections. (T. Dreiser)

Criteria for assessing essay compositions.

1. The ability to highlight the problem posed by the author, justify its significance for social sciences and social practice.
2. The ability to formulate and justify one’s own point of view on a formulated social science problem. (If the essay author’s point of view boils down to a retelling of the selected statement or a statement of agreement or disagreement with it, then 0 points are given for this criterion.)
3. Level of argumentation:

• a) internal semantic unity, consistency of key theses and statements, consistency of judgments;
• b) reliance on scientific theories, mastery of course concepts;
• c) relying on facts public life, personal social experience;
• d) examples from works of spiritual culture (literature, theater, cinema, painting, etc.).

1. Ability to formulate the main conclusions based on the results of consideration of the topic.

Up to 4 points for each criterion.

Maximum score for the task is 28 points.

The maximum for the work is 140 points.

I have long wanted to write a big post about what youth subcultures existed in the USSR. Subcultural movements are practically not represented in films of the Soviet years, although in fact there was a large layer of them youth culture. The only exceptions are films from the perestroika period, some of which (for example, “My Name is Harlequin” or “Accident, Daughter of a Cop”) are almost entirely devoted to the life of such subcultures.

So, in this post - big and interesting story about what youth subcultures existed in the USSR.

01. Hipsters. Unlike other subcultures that came from Western countries, dudes are more likely to be a unique, exclusively Soviet phenomenon. In addition, they can be called one of the earliest Soviet subcultures. Hipsters began to appear in the 1950s, mainly in large cities, and with their appearance and behavior they tried to copy the American way of life - they dressed in bright and fashionable clothes, listened to blues and jazz, tried to lead a secular lifestyle and protested against the “norms of Soviet morality” and appearance.

Interestingly, the word “hipsters” is not the self-name of adherents of this subculture - this word appeared in the Soviet press as critical of “young people leading a reckless lifestyle.” Hipsters were portrayed as narrow-minded, vain and stupid young people, concerned only with their appearance, which, in general, was far from the truth - most often, “hipsters” came from intelligent families with a high cultural level. The dudes were “bombed” not only in the press, but even in large literary works, including in children's books - in Nikolai Nosov's story "Dunno in the Sunny City" several chapters are devoted to the fight against dudes, called "windrunners" in the story.

02. Hippie. The hippie movement originally emerged in the 1960s in the United States, and its heyday was in the 1960s and 70s. Hippies promoted “maximum freedom” of man, pacifism, life in “communities,” and were also fond of Eastern philosophy, especially Indian and Chinese.

Hippie culture came to the USSR with some delay, closer to the beginning of the 1970s, and had its own distinctive characteristics - it was semi-underground, had its own slang (“vpiska”, “gerla”, “people”, “session”, “oldovy”, "flat") and protested against the classic image of the "Soviet man" with its very definite appearance and constant agreement with the "party line".

Soviet police and the KGB fought hippies, sometimes arresting them for “petty hooliganism,” which could include simply “inappropriate appearance.” Many hippies were forcibly expelled from college and sent to the army, and could also be sent for “forced treatment” to mental hospitals. The hippie subculture successfully survived the USSR and exists to this day.

03. Beatniks. This subculture is often classified as a branch of dudes or hippies, but the beatniks also had their own distinctive characteristics. This subculture was united by a love of music The Beatles, and then to its numerous imitators (including in the USSR), called “beat quartets”. The beatniks wore long hair with bangs (“McCartney and Lennon style”), bell-bottom trousers, jackets with cut-off collars and ironed lapels, and often played in amateur groups that arose at universities or research institutes.

Beatles recordings on records or reels were of particular value among the beatniks; getting such a recording was considered the greatest success. As in the case of the dudes, the authorities hit the beatniks with “harsh satire,” denouncing them on the radio and at concerts. At the same time, very high-quality original Beatles recordings were often used in satirical programs and concerts, which is why beatniks flocked to listen to such “satire”)

04.Punks. The punk movement arose in Western Europe and the United States around the 1960-70s as a “countercultural” movement that criticized society, government and politics in general; punks called the anarchists of the early 20th century their “political forerunners” and often wore paraphernalia with icon "A" ("anarchy"). Punks were a bit like hippies (protest against the “social system”, unwillingness to serve in the army, etc.), but at the same time they were more aggressive and nihilistic.

The characteristic appearance of punks is reminiscent of rocker and metal (leather jackets with studs, ripped jeans with safety pins, combat boots), but punks also have their own characteristics - in particular, acidic hair color and mohawk hairstyle.

A distinctive feature of Soviet punks was musical omnivorousness - while their “Western colleagues” listened to strictly defined bands, like the Sex Pistols or Crass, then in the USSR punks listened to literally all the music that was considered “forbidden” in the USSR - from The Beatles to Metallica. Second characteristic feature Soviet punks were bullying passersby and constant conflicts with the police.

05. Metalheads. The subculture of “metalheads” appeared already in the late USSR, its representatives listened to certain “metal”-oriented groups - with an abundance of sound of heavy “drenched” guitars, the number of guitarists in such groups could reach 5-6 people. Outwardly, metalheads resembled punks, but they looked neater, did not cut their mohawks (preferring just long hair), and also wore a lot of all sorts of metal things on their clothes - chains, buckles, riveted wristbands, collars with spikes, and so on.

A distinctive feature of the metalheads was their unification based on purely musical tastes; they did not have such a “countercultural” or “antisocial” orientation as, for example, punks or hippies. This is partly why the metal subculture outlived the USSR for a long time, and received even greater development in the mid-to-late 1990s.

06. Rockers. In the eighties, “rockers” were not called fans of rock music, but motorcyclists—those who are now called “bikers.” Rockers often resembled metalheads (they wore leather biker jackets and studded wristbands), but they distinctive feature It was mandatory to have a motorcycle - most often, some kind of Soviet "Java", "Minsk" or "Dnepr".

In the late eighties, rockers fell in love with organizing night motorcycle rides (from 10 to 50 motorcyclists), which the Soviet traffic police fought against with varying degrees of success. Rockers also spent a lot of time in garages, constantly improving and improving something in their motorcycles; “garage tuning” in those years achieved unprecedented popularity among rockers.

07. Lubers. Lubers appeared in the suburbs of Moscow in the late seventies and opposed themselves to punks, metalheads and hippies. Lubers worked out in basement rocking chairs and “prepared themselves for military service,” and also periodically started fights with representatives of all of the above subcultures. The main cause of the conflict was, as a rule, the “inappropriate” appearance of the opponent, standing out from the crowd. So, a punk could be beaten for a mohawk, a metalhead for a leather jacket, a hippie for long hair and “baubles” on his arms, and so on.

As a rule, the Luber community included people from working families, and the name “Luber” itself took root around 1986, when articles about Lubers began to appear in the press. According to some reports, the Lubers were controlled by the Soviet police, who, with the help of the Lubers, tried to intimidate hippies, punks and metalheads so that they would not go out into the streets in “inappropriate form.” Other subcultures began to resist the Lubers, the metalheads especially distinguished themselves in this - by 1987 they were already giving an organized rebuff to the Lubers, and often themselves gathered in groups in order to “go and break in the Lubers.”

With the collapse of the USSR, the Luber movement gradually faded away, and some of this movement joined criminal groups.

This is the story I came up with about Soviet subcultures.

Do you remember any incidents from the life of Soviet punks, rockers, hippies or lubers?

Tell me, it’s interesting)

Who is who- Punks, Hipsters, Hippies, Tolkienists, Ravers, Rockers, Rappers, Hackers, PCBs, Football fans.

HELLO, PEOPLE! FINALLY I HAVE COMPLETED THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE ELECTRICAL JOKE MAGAZINE. I STARTED THIS SO THAT EVERYTHING FUNNY IS FORGETED OVER TIME, AND IN YOUR OLD AGE THERE WILL BE NOTHING TO REMEMBER ABOUT YOUR PAST, AND SO YOU DIG THIS DISC SOMEWHERE AND YOU WILL IMMEDIATELY REMEMBER: HOW YOU LIVED, WHAT YOU BREATHED, WHAT PEOPLE LIVED, ETC. BY THE WAY, ATTENTION TO ALL THOSE WHO WISH TO TELL THEIR FUNNY STORY, FUCKING JOKE, OR SOMETHING OF THIS LIKE. PLEASE CONTACT ME AT THE ADDRESS LISTED AT THE END. WHAT ABOUT WHAT WE BREATHE. AND WE BREATHE THE WHOLE PERIODIC TABLE (LITERALLY THE WHOLE TABLE), AND WHAT WE DON’T BREATHE, WE EAT. WE WORK ON SPECCY ALONG WITH PENTIUM 200, POWERUP AMIGA, PROFI 3. 04+, ETC. AND IF AUTO DEVELOPED AT THE SAME SPEED AS COMPUTERS, WE WOULD FLY AT A SPEED OF 40 THOUSAND. KM/H, NOT 100 KM/H. GENE POOL: YOUTH... COVERING MY FACE WITH A THICK NEWSPAPER (AH, THAT SMELL OF PRINTING INK!), WITH THE WEATHER FORECAST ON THE SECOND NATIONAL CHANNEL, IN A WELL HEATED HOUSE AND NOT CLOSE TO A FEEDED DOG, I AM EVER WEAKER... EVER SMARTER Eh, AND CALM UP. .. YOUTH... ANARCHY AND AMBITIOUS, DRUGS, CRAZY MUSIC AND FASHION, NONCONFORMISM AND IDOLS, PARTS, SEX FINALLY... ETERNALLY HUNGRY AND CHARMING - THESE ARE THEY, CHILDREN OF BITCHES, THESE ARE THE ONE WHO WILL REPLACE TODAY'S POKE DEER OF ADULTS.. SO WHO IS WHO... PUNK HABITAT: SMALL CLUBS ON THE OUTLIERS OF LARGE INDUSTRIAL CITIES. LOOK: ALL PINS, EARRINGS AND GRAY JEANS. SUMMER ARMY BOOTS "10 HOLES" OR WINTER SNEAKERS. THE HAIR ON THE HEAD IS SHAVED SO THAT A THIN STRIP REMAINS FROM THE FOREHEAD TO THE NECK. NEXT, THE HAIR IS DYED IN SOME FUNNY COLOR, AND THEN IT IS MUCH WETTERED WITH BEER, WHICH FIXES THE VERTICAL COMB. STATEMENT: "THIS TOAD KNOWS WHAT IS WHAT." IDEAL WOMAN: VERY BLURRED, THIS TOAD SHOULD HATE THE ESTABLISHMENT, AND BE READY TO PUT A TON OF COSTUME JEWELRY ON A BODY pierced in the MOST SECRET PLACES. TIME OF DAY: CASUALTY WITHOUT A SCHEDULE. ICON: THEY WAS AND WILL BE SID VICHES, WHO DIE FROM AN OVERDOSE LONG LONG ago. MUSIC: "GREEN DAY", "NOFX", "ZERO", "THE DOLPHINS". CULT FILM: CARTOON. "BLUE PUPPY". Hipsters... HABITAT: HOUSE PARTIES WHEN MOM AND DADDY ARE NOT AT HOME! IN THE SUMMER ON THE ARBAT, IN THE WINTER IN THE "MERLIN" CLUB AT THE "MAYAKOVSKAYA" METRO STATION, SOMETIMES THE PILOT NIGHT CLUB. APPEARANCE: THICK SOLE BOOTS, IRONED TROUSERS, 50'S CUT JACKET, TIE WITH MONKEYS. IDEAL OF A WOMAN: SHE SHOULD BE ADORED. BY THE HANDY HIMSELF, HIS OUTFIT AND THE MUSIC HE LISTENS TO. TIME OF DAY: EVENING TWIST. ICON: ELVIS DAREN PRESLEY. MOZON: BILL HALEY, CHUCK BERRY, JERRY LEE LEWIS, ALLWEITH + PRESLEY, ETC. TIME OF DAY: FOUND EVERYWHERE. CULT FILM: "CRY BABY", "AMPHIBIAN MAN" OR "BEWARE OF THE CAR". HIPPIE APPEARANCE: YOU MAY THINK YOU DON'T REMEMBER. WEAR FLOWERS, A MUSTACHE, A BEARD AND A LONGER HAIR. NEVER GO TO WAR. PLUS TO THIS WASHED JEANS AND SOMETHING ABOUT BUDDHA. STATEMENT: “DO YOU HAVE A GIRL ENTRY ON THE FLAT? YOU SHOULD HAVE A LOAN...” A GIRL’S IDEAL: TWO-FORTH. ON ONE HAND THIS IS A TURGENIEV GIRL WITH A VOLUME OF MANDELSHTAM AND A WHITE MOUSE IN HIS POCKET (HOW MANY OF THESE UNHAPPY MICE SMOKED IN THE HOT EMBRACES OF THEIR MISTRESSES), ON THE OTHER SIDE A SORT OF GRATED “GIRL”, A HITCHHIKING COMPANION AND ON THE MOSCOW-PETER ROAD. DARK, OVERALL, HISTORY. TIME OF DAY: WARM. ICON: JERRY GARCIA, ETC... MOUSE: "THE DOORS", "GRATEFUL DEAD", "JETHRO TUTT" OR EVEN "THE BEATLES". CULT FILM: MUSICAL "HAIR". TOLKIENISTS... HABITAT: ON WARM DAYS THEY GATHER IN A BOREDING GARDEN AND STAGE THEATERIZED BATTLES BETWEEN THE FORCES OF GOOD AND EVIL. APPEARANCE: THEY RUNN AWAY FROM REALITY, WRAP UP IN CLOKS, SAW WOODEN SWORDS, AND IMAGINE FOR THEMSELVES STRANGE PURSUITS LIKE: FRODO, GANDALF... STATEMENTS: THERE, BEHIND THE DARK MOUNTAINS, AWAY FROM NOISY LIFE, Dwarves... IDE AL BABA: ELVES, ORCS AND Dwarfs SUPPRESS THEIR SEXUALITY AND TRY TO RECOGNIZE FAIRIES IN THE WOMEN THAT THEY FELL IN. TIME OF DAY: HALF FOUR TO FOUR. ICON: J.R. TOLKIEN. MOUSON: THE MORE MYSTICAL, THE BETTER. CULT FILM: ANIMATED VERSION OF THE HOBBIT. RAVERS... HABITAT: SPEND TIME IN ALL DIFFERENT NIGHT CLUBS, WHERE THEY SIP ENERGY SMART DRINKS FROM TALL CANS THROUGH STRAW, OF course. APPEARANCE: TRENDY GUYS WITH THE PERMANENT “WOW”, SUBTLE CONFIDENTS OF DRIED MUSHROOMS AND “E”. PAINTED ORANGE, GREEN, YELLOW, WITH HOLOGRAPHIC EYES, THEY ARE READY TO DISCUSS THEIR IDOLS TILL THEY ARE BLUE... ICONS ARE THE FAVORITE DJS WHO HAVE BEEN DIVORCED IN THE LAST TWO YEARS, LIKE UNCUT DOGS. STATEMENT: THERE WAS A SAUSAGE PARTY, BUT IN GENERAL, THE CLUBMAN WAS NOT POSITIVE AT ALL. TIME OF DAY: WITH THEIR FACES SWELLY FROM A SLEEPLESS NIGHT, THEY JOIN THE ORDERLY RANKS OF STUDENTS AND, AFTER SLEEPLY SERVING A COUPLE OR TWO, DRIVE TO THEIR WORKPLACES OR TO THEIR HOLES, FILLED WITH CASSETTES OR COMPANIES, WHERE THEY SITT UP UNTIL NOW THE DARKNESS PAGES, PAGE THEIR DEALER, AND GO GO TO YOUR NEXT PARTY. THE IDEAL OF A WOMAN: THE ANIMALS OF A PHOTOMODEL, SHOULD KNOW THE NAMES OF YOUR FAVORITE DJS. MOUSON: TECHNO. CULT FILM: “LIQUID SKY” BY Slava Zuckerman. ROCKERS (NEFORS)... HABITAT: THEY CAN ALWAYS BE FOUND IN ALL ALL POSITIONS OF CLUBS LIKE “GORA” OR “NORA”, “DO NOT HIT WITH A HOOF” OR “TABULA RASA” ETC. WHERE THEY SPEND TIME AMONG THEIR OWN.. FEMALE IDEAL OF A SILENT, SLIM VAMP GIRL PULLED IN LEATHER. APPEARANCE: WEARING JACKET JACKETS MIXED WITH SNEAKERS, ALWAYS LOOKING FOR CHEAP PORT, GUITAR TIPS, AND DRUM HEAD... STATEMENT: sex, drugs, hops must die AND ALL THAT... TIME OF DAY: NIGHT, MOON FROM THE Vault DOWN THE UT BOOMING FOAM SOAP... MOUSON: NIRVANA, METALLICA, THRASH, DEATH, ETC. ETC... CULT FILM: "THE WALL". RAPPERS... HABITAT: vocational schools, schools for young children, entrances, streets, slum-panel areas. APPEARANCE: WHITES LIKE MICHAEL JACKSON AND BLACKS LIKE COOTIO INSIDE..... HEARING GANGSTAREP, ACE OF BASE... STATEMENT: YOFINIK AM SMILE, MOTHERFUCKER? FEMALE IDEAL: NOT YET FORMED. HACKERS... HABITAT: HACKERS ARE THE MOST SECRET YOUTH. THEY ARE HUNTED. SOMETIMES THEY ARE CAUGHT, BUT THE HARERS FRUIT AND MULTIPLY IN THE ENDLESS EXPANSES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS. HACKERS CAN BE SEEN ON IRC TALK CHANNELS, WHERE THEY TALK ABOUT STUFF AND EXCHANGE GOSSIP ABOUT NEW HOLES IN THE SECURITY SYSTEMS OF LARGE COMPUTERS. HOWEVER, THERE ARE FEW REAL HACKERS, ABOUT 150 PEOPLE. FOR THE WHOLE FORMER USSR. APPEARANCE: IN THE REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR THE FBI LECTURES (THEY WERE GIVEN TO POLICE OFFICERS IN ADVANCED PROFESSIONAL COURSES IN 1994) THE FOLLOWING IS SAID ABOUT HACKERS: “WE WEIGH BELOW OR ABOVE THE NORMAL, SMART (HIGH IQ), SPEAK BEAUTIFULLY, HAVE B WITH GREAT CONCEPT, STUDYING POORLY SCHOOL. "IN ACTUALITY THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT - SUCCESSFUL AND HUNGRY, SERIOUS AND PROOKY, KIND AND NOT ALWAYS... STATEMENT: FILE ERROR, PAL, IMHO THIS IS A CANCEL COVER CRUSHING MICE LOANS... IDEAL WOMAN: THE WOMAN IS NOT FOR HACKERS' IDEAL IN GENERAL, WOMEN HACKERS REPLACE THE COMPUTER AND EVERYTHING RELATED WITH IT... TIME OF THE DAY: THEY LIVE AT NIGHT, CHEER THEIR HARDWARE, DISCUSS THE NEW SOFT AND HARD FOR HOURS... ICON: HE HIMSELF... MUZON: THE MAIN THING IS NOT TO INTERFERE WITH SIGHTINGS I INTO THE SCREEN AND STOMP THE KEYBOARD... CULT FILM: "HAKERS", ALTHOUGH MANY CONSIDER IT TO BE THE REAL LAMERITY: IT'S TOO BEAUTIFUL TO BE TRUE, AND TOO SOPHISTICATED TO BE REAL... CINEMA, IN A WORD... PCB HABITAT: FORESTS AND SMALL COMPUTER COMPANIES. NICE, HARMLESS GUYS, PARTLY MOSACHISTS: DON’T FEED THEM WITH BREAD, LET THEM GO ON A RAINY AUTUMN DAY SOMEWHERE 101 KILOMETERS FROM THE 101ST KILOMETER, PUT TENTS AND, SEATING ON POLYETHYLENE AROUND THE CUTE (BUT STUNTED BECAUSE OF SY ROCKING WOOD) A bonfire AND SINGING A TEN OTHER GUITAR SONGS . BY THE WAY, WHO FORGOT: KSPCLUB OF HOMEMADE SONG. APPEARANCE: THEY LOOK SIMPLE: RED SWEATERS, GREEN WINDCOATS... STATEMENT: “HOW IT’S GREAT THAT WE ARE ALL GATHERED HERE TODAY...”. IDEAL WOMAN: GRADUATE STUDENT IN THE FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, WHICH VALUES RESPONSIVENESS AND ABILITY TO COOK IN THE FIELD. TIME OF DAY: SUNSET... ICONS: THEY ARE OKUDZHAVA'S GRANDCHILDREN, AND NIKITIN'S CHILDREN CONSUME CHEAP VODKA IN UNLIMITED QUANTITIES AND KNOW THE ELECTRIC TRAIN SCHEDULE IN ALL DIRECTIONS... CULT FILM: SOMETHING WITH VISBORT, OR MU FILMS OF THE 60'S... FOOTBALL -HOCKEY FANS HABITAT: STADIUMS. APPEARANCE: STRIPED SCARF IN THE COLOR OF THE TEAM, SIGNS OF A SEVERE HANGOVER, MIGHT UNSHAVED EVERYDAY CLOTHING AND A WILLINGNESS TO BREAK THE JAW OF A FOLLOWER OF ANOTHER TEAM. STATEMENT: JUDGE ON SOAP. IDEAL WOMAN: MANDATORY KNOWLEDGE OF ALL FOOTBALL HOCKEY RULES, HIGH VOICE, ABILITY TO DRINK THREE LITERS OF BEER IN THE FIRST PERIOD OR HALF, HIGH ATTENDANCE TO CHAMPIONSHIPMENTS. TIME OF DAY: ONE HOUR BEFORE THE MATCH STARTS, ENDING AROUND MIDNIGHT. ICON: FAVORITE TEAM. MOZON: "A COWARD DOESN'T PLAY HOCKEY" OR THE MARCH OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS. CULT FILM: "IT'S PELE" AND "TRETYAK VS BOBBY HULL."