The main characters are the auditor. Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin in The Government Inspector
In 1835 A.S. Pushkin told N.V. Gogol an anecdote about an official who in a county town was mistaken for an important state person. Under the pen of the great satirist, this anecdote turned into a comedy. Everything in it is unusual - both the courage of the plot, and the unexpectedness of the denouement. So, the plot is the moment when city officials take Khlestakov for an auditor.
It is important to note that the fear of officials in front of a more important person is becoming driving force all events described. It is precisely because of fear that officials do not see that Khlestakov is in fact an ordinary empty shell. Climax comes when the postmaster, having opened Khlestakov's letter to a friend, informs everyone that Khlestakov is not an auditor. The denouement is the message of the gendarme that real auditor waiting for the mayor in the hotel. Officials understand that it is unlikely that any of them will be able to escape punishment, since everyone is dishonest.
Objecting to Aksakov's remarks that modern Russian life does not provide materials for comedy, Gogol said that this was not true. In his opinion, “comic lies everywhere, living in the midst of it, we do not see it; but what if the artist takes it into art...
The time when N.V. Gogol lived and worked was marked by major social and historical events. The childhood years of the writer coincided with the defeat of Napoleon in the Patriotic War of 1812, Russia's entry into the broad international arena. The youthful years of Nicholas ...
Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector" is one of the brightest dramatic works Russian literature XIX century. The Inspector General is a deeply realistic work showing the world of petty and medium-sized provincial bureaucracy in Russia...
Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol is a wonderful Russian writer who knew how to notice and ridicule negative sides Russian reality. Along with Fonvizin and Griboyedov, Gogol stood at the origins of the creation of the Russian repertoire national theater. His...
ingenious gogol comedy written in St. Petersburg in the autumn of 1835 - in the winter and spring of 1836. It is believed that the plot of the play was suggested to Gogol by A. S. Pushkin, and is also based on real facts Russian reality, in which there were frequent cases ...
The famous comedy by N.V. Gogol was created by him in early XIX century. Readers were surprised and shocked by the characteristics of the heroes of the comedy "The Government Inspector". Gogol described all those negative traits who observed among the officials at that time. The description of the characters causes laughter and sadness at the same time.
Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov - stupid, empty, distracted young man of about twenty-three, who works as an official in St. Petersburg. He likes to brag, his words are thoughtless. But, despite this, Khlestakov is very cunning. Once he was in the city of N, statesmen who was mistaken for an auditor. Khlestakov does an excellent job with his role. Ivan simultaneously looks after the mayor's wife and his daughter. Taking advantage of the situation, he borrows money from officials, and he leaves, deceiving everyone and leaving him with nothing. ()
Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky - an aged man, a respectable, rude bribe taker, works as a mayor. He is dressed as befits a real official: in a tailcoat and over the knee boots. He is absolutely not afraid of auditors, as he can easily negotiate with them. But this time he is afraid of the inspector, because no one has ever seen the auditor. Constantly hides his bad management through deceit and bribery. ()
Anna Andreevna - the mayor's wife, a provincial beauty, a woman in her prime. A curious, a little stupid young lady, but she manages her husband well.
Maria Antonovna- the daughter of Anton Antonovich, a pretty girl of 18 years old, beautiful and naive. She is not indifferent to Khlestakov, who also shows feelings for her and even makes an offer. After the matchmaking, he leaves the city once and for all and leaves the girl "at nothing".
Osip- an aged man, serves Khlestakov. He is balanced and smarter than his young master.
Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky - landowners, short in stature, with small tummies. They do not enjoy authority among the townspeople, everyone despise them, as they always spread gossip. Friends talk very quickly, while constantly gesticulating.
Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin - the referee is a loser, works poorly, does everything “bluff”, that’s why he was nicknamed that. He has been in this position for about 15 years, but he has not done anything sensible. He loves hunting, so he prefers to take bribes in puppies, and not pennies, as all high-ranking officials do.
Artemy Filippovich Strawberries - hospital manager. The hospitals are dirty and not cleaned. Patients smoke right in the wards, while they are dressed in dirty clothes. Medical staff can make the wrong diagnosis and prescribe the wrong treatment. "All the will of God" so they say.
Christian Ivanovich Gibner - the chief doctor of the city N, a German by origin, he absolutely does not speak Russian and therefore cannot fulfill his official duties.
Ivan Kuzmich Shpekin - postman. He has one bad habit, he enjoys reading other people's letters.
Comedy is relevant to this day, as in modern times you can meet people who high positions reminiscent of the heroes of the work.
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The comedy The Inspector General was written in 1835. She wrote for two months. The plot of the comedy was suggested by A.S. Pushkin. In 1836 the comedy was staged at the Alexandrinsky Theatre. The action of the comedy takes place in the gloomy era of the reign of Nicholas I, when the system of denunciation and investigation was in effect. In the comedy, social vices were revealed: bribery, embezzlement, etc. Gogol wrote: “In The Inspector General, I decided to put together everything that was bad in Russia, which I then knew ... and at one time laugh at everyone.” Events unfold in the county town of the Saratov province in 1831. In that small town as in any state there is its own justice, health care, education. At the head of each institution there are officials. The most important - mayor Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky - head county town. He began his career young, from the very bottom, and, in his old age, rose to the rank of head of the county town. From a letter from a friend of the mayor, we learn that Anton Antonovich is a bribe taker. He does not consider bribery a crime, but thinks that everyone takes bribes, only "The higher the rank, the greater the bribe." Audit check is not terrible for him. He has seen many of them in his lifetime. But he is alarmed that the auditor is traveling "incognito". When the mayor finds out that the "auditor" has already been living in the city for the second week, he clutches his head. In these two weeks, a non-commissioned officer's wife was flogged, on the street dirt. The church, for the construction of which money was allocated, did not begin to be built.
Luka Lukich Khlopov - Superintendent of schools. By nature, he is very cowardly. He says to himself: “Someone higher in one rank speaks to me, I just don’t have a soul, and my tongue has withered like dirt.” Teachers teach at the school. One teacher accompanied his teaching with constant grimaces. And the history teacher, from an excess of feelings, broke chairs.
Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin - judge. Considers himself very smart person because I have read five or six books in my entire life. He is an avid hunter. In his office, above the Cabinet with papers, a hunting rapnik hangs. Bribes take greyhound puppies. The criminal cases that he considered were in such a state that he himself could not figure out where the truth was and where the lie was.
Artemy Filippovich Zemlyanika is a trustee of charitable institutions. Hospitals are filthy and messy. The cooks have dirty hats, and the sick have clothes that look like they worked in a forge. In addition, patients constantly smoke. Artemy Filippovich does not bother to diagnose the patient's disease and treat it. He says in this regard: “A simple man: if he dies, then he will die anyway; If he recovers, then he will recover.” In addition, the doctor Christian Ivanovich Gibner is German and does not speak Russian.
Ivan Kuzmich Shpekin - postmaster. He has one weakness, he likes to read other people's letters. He collects the ones he likes the most.
Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" is still relevant today, since in our time there are officials who are somewhat similar to the heroes of the comedy.
/ / / Characteristics of officials in Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector"
In the comedy "" Gogol showed us collective image Russian official of the 30s of the 19th century. On the example of the officials of the city N, the author ridicules the life and customs of the then society. A society in which bribery, embezzlement, and hypocrisy rule. All these features are inherent in the main characters of the work. This is how Gogol saw Russian officials during the reign of Nicholas I.
At the top of this bureaucratic pyramid was Anton Antonovich. He was a smart enough man, rose from the bottom and now ruled the city. It is safe to say about the mayor that he was an avid bribe-taker. Unfortunately, he did not consider it illegal. In his defense, Anton Antonovich said that the state salary was not enough even for bread and salt. That is why, without a twinge of conscience, he appropriated the city treasury, demanded exorbitant bribes from merchants. The main goal of Anton Antonovich was the desire to become a general. He was a disgusting manager - he was rude to his subordinates, punished without understanding. With people of a higher rank, the mayor was polite and helpful.
Nothing good can be said about the city judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin either. His last name speaks eloquently about his attitude to his official duties. Mr. Judge admitted that in the office of the court the servants bred geese and dried wet linen. The position of judge was elective, so Lyapkin-Tyapkin could openly argue with the mayor. Having read five or six books in his entire life, the city judge considered himself very an educated person. Hunting was his main hobby. Therefore, he took bribes with greyhound puppies.
The next city official was the superintendent of charitable establishments Strawberry. His office was in total chaos. And no one looked sick, they looked like blacksmiths, constantly smoking tobacco. The doctor was generally a German by nationality and did not understand Russian at all. Strawberries lived according to the principle: if he dies, he dies like that, he recovers, he recovers like that. Like many city officials, Strawberry trembles in front of his superiors and treats the common man with disdain.
Luka Lukich Khlopov was the head educational institutions. His office, like the rest of the city, was in disarray. Teachers taught students bad manners. Khlopov, like Strawberry, is in awe of the authorities.
But the postmaster Shpekin was fond of reading other people's letters. The ones he liked, he kept for himself. From the letters the postmaster learned last news and drew life wisdom.
Most likely, the collective image of the Russian official of the 30s of the 19th century will not be complete without such a hero as Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov. He was mistaken for the capital auditor, and he took full advantage of this. We know about Khlestakov that he was a petty employee in one of the offices of St. Petersburg. On the way home, Ivan Alexandrovich loses all his money in cards and therefore stops at one of the city hotels.
He was not a provincial official, he saw life in the capital. But unfortunately, he is no different from everyone else. He also takes bribes, listens to denunciations, and brazenly lies.
In my opinion, by this he wanted to show us that all the officials of that time were the same in their thinking and worldview. Nikolai Vasilievich laughed at this and believed that someday better times and officials will hear ordinary people.
Consider famous play, which Nikolai Vasilievich created in 1836, we will analyze it. (work) appreciated as the accumulation of all the injustices that were constantly happening in places, especially at a time when justice was urgently needed. The author described all the bad things that he observed in society (in the bureaucratic sphere) and laughed at it. In addition to laughter, however, the reader also sees that Gogol (The Inspector General) bitterly describes the events taking place.
Let's start our analysis of the play by pointing out the main conflict.
Conflict in the play
The construction of the conflict of this work is based on a funny coincidence. It is accompanied by the panic of officials who are afraid that their scams may be exposed. The city will soon be visited by the auditor, so the most the best option for them is to identify and bribe that person. The action of the work revolves around deceit, which is so familiar to officials, as analysis shows.
Gogol created "The Inspector General" in order to reveal the vices of those in power, typical of that time. The main conflict in the work is between the bureaucratic world, which embodies the autocratic system, and the people oppressed by it. The hostility of officials to the masses of the people is felt from the very first lines. The people are subjected to violence and oppressed, although this conflict was not directly shown in the comedy by Gogol ("The Government Inspector"). The analysis of it develops latently. In the play, this conflict is complicated by another one - between the "auditor" and the bureaucracy. The disclosure of this conflict allowed Gogol to sharply expose and vividly describe both the representatives of the local district authorities and the petty metropolitan official who came to the city, and also to show at the same time their anti-people nature.
Bribery and corruption in the work
All the heroes of comedy have their sins, as its analysis allows us to verify. Gogol ("Inspector") notes that each of them, due to the unfair performance of their official duties, is afraid of the upcoming arrival of the auditor. Officials from fear are not able to reason sensibly. They believe that it is the self-confident and arrogant Khlestakov who is the auditor. A progressive dangerous disease - a lie - is demonstrated by Gogol ("The Government Inspector"). cannot be carried out without focusing on this characteristic feature of it.
The author ironically and accurately denounces the issue of bribes. Blame for bribery and corruption, in his opinion, lies on both sides. However, this is so habitual for society that when officials mention money by an imaginary auditor, they sigh with relief: he can be bribed, which means that everything will be settled. Bribery is thus taken for granted and natural. The absence of positive officials in a play is very familiar to readers of any time. After all, "auditorism" in Russia has not yet stopped, despite all the upheavals.
Many visitors are rushing to Khlestakov with requests. There are so many of them that they have to fight their way through the windows. Requests and complaints are doomed to go unanswered. Officials, in turn, are not embarrassed by the need to humiliate themselves. Before the authorities, they are ready to fawn, because retribution will begin with his departure - they can recoup their subordinates, humiliating them. Society is destroyed by low morality, says Gogol ("Inspector"). An analysis of the work allows us to note that in the play she accompanies anyone who has achieved at least some kind of power.
Stupidity and ignorance of officials
Khlestakov understands that the officials who met him are not educated and stupid. This allows the protagonist of the play not even bother to remember the lies he told. Officials always echo him, presenting Khlestakov's deceit in a truthful form. This is beneficial to everyone, no one is embarrassed by lies. The main thing is that Khlestakov can get money, and officials can take a breath.
The breadth of generalizations of characters, off-stage images
The play, which was created by N.V. Gogol ("The Government Inspector"), begins with a letter notifying about the upcoming inspection. Analyzing it, it can be noted that it also ends with it. The finale of the work becomes laconic - Khlestakov's letter reveals the truth. It remains only to wait for the real auditor. At the same time, there is no doubt that the officials will once again repeat the flattering bribery. The change of characters will not affect the outcome - immorality has reached that point. Officials will be replaced over time by their own kind, since the corruption of a person comes from personal uncontrollability, and not from power.
Analyzing Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General", we note that the breadth of the generalization of characters in the play is expressed in the fine finishing of the characters acting in the comedy. In addition, the introduction of off-stage images expands the gallery actors. It's bright life characters, which contribute to the deepening of the characteristics of the faces displayed on the stage. For example, this is Khlestakov’s father, his St. Petersburg friend Tryapichkin, the housekeeper Avdotya, the son and wife of Dobchinsky, the innkeeper Vlas, the daughter of Strawberry, an infantry captain who beat Khlestakov in Penza, the visiting auditor, quarter Prokhorov and others.
Life phenomena typical for Nikolaev Russia
Mentioned in comedy various vital phenomena, which were typical for Nikolaev Russia of that time. This creates a broad panorama of society. So, the merchant profits from the construction of the bridge, and the mayor helps him in this. The judge has been sitting on the judicial chair for 15 years, but still cannot figure out the next memorandum. The mayor celebrates name days twice a year, expecting gifts for them from merchants. The postmaster opens other people's letters. The county doctor does not speak Russian.
Abuses of officials
A lot of abuses of officials are mentioned in the comedy. All of them were characteristic of the era of cruel arbitrariness. A married locksmith had his forehead shaved illegally. The non-commissioned officer's wife was flogged. The prisoners are not given provisions. Allocated for construction at charitable institution churches spend the amount at their own discretion, and the report says that the church burned down. The mayor locks the merchant in a room and forces him to eat herring. The patients have dirty caps, giving them a resemblance to blacksmiths.
Lack of a good character
It should be noted that readers learn about the criminal acts committed by officials from their own lips, and not from the actions shown on the stage of the work "The Government Inspector" (Gogol). The analysis of heroes reveals some other interesting features. Confirmation of the fact that illegal acts are happening in the bureaucratic world are the complaints of people oppressed by officials, especially the mayor. The center of gravity is transferred to socio-political phenomena. Gogol did not introduce into his play a positive hero, a reasoner and a bearer of virtuous qualities, who is the mouthpiece of the author's thoughts. by the most goodie is laughter that strikes at the social vices and foundations of the autocratic regime.
The image of Khlestakov
The image of Khlestakov is central in the work. Let's analyze it. Gogol portrayed the "auditor" as easily navigating the situation. For example, wanting to show off in front of his bride, Marya Antonovna, he attributes to himself the work "Yuri Miloslavsky" by Zagoskin, but the girl remembers its true author. A seemingly hopeless situation has arisen. However, Khlestakov quickly finds a way out here too. He says that there is another work with the same title that belongs to him.
Lack of memory
Lack of memory is an important feature of Khlestakov's image. For him there is no future and no past. He is focused only on the present. Khlestakov is therefore incapable of selfish and greedy calculations. The hero lives for only one minute. Its natural state is constant transformation. After conducting an effective analysis of Gogol's "Inspector General", you will see that Khlestakov, adopting one or another style of behavior, instantly achieves in him highest point. However, what is easily gained is easily lost. Having fallen asleep as a field marshal or commander in chief, he wakes up as an insignificant person.
Khlestakov's speech
The speech of this hero characterizes him as a petty Petersburg official who claims to be highly educated. He likes to use intricate literary clichés for the beauty of the syllable. In his language, at the same time, there are vulgar and swear words, especially in relation to commoners. Khlestakov Osip, his servant, calls "fool" and "cattle", and shouts to the owner of the tavern "scoundrels!", "Rascals!", "Loafers!". The speech of this hero is jerky, which indicates his inability to focus on anything. She conveys his spiritual poverty.
The two centers of the piece
Khlestakov in the work is a drawn person. He acts and lives according to the logic of the development of relations in which the mayor put him. At the same time, the surprises manifested in the actions and speeches of this hero also determine the development of the action of the play. This, for example, is the "scene of lies", Khlestakov's explanation of the love of his daughter and mother at the same time, his proposal to Marya Antonovna, his irrevocable and unexpected departure. In Gogol's play there are two centers and two persons who direct and lead the development of the action: Khlestakov and the mayor. Let's continue the analysis of the play "Inspector General" by Gogol with a characterization of the image of the latter.
The image of the mayor
The mayor (Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky Anton Antonovich) - in which the action of the comedy we are interested in takes place. This is a "very intelligent", "aged in the service" person. His facial features are hard and rude, like those of anyone who has begun a hard service from the lower ranks. The mayor at the beginning of the play reads the letter to his subordinates. It informs about the arrival of the auditor. This news greatly frightened the officials. In fear, the mayor orders the city to be “equipped” for his arrival (to expel unnecessary patients from the hospital, to bring teachers in schools into proper form, to cover unfinished buildings with fences, etc.).
Anton Antonovich assumes that the auditor has already arrived and lives incognito somewhere. The landowners Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky find him in the person of Khlestakov, a petty official who does not suspect anything. The mayor, believing that Khlestakov is the same auditor, cannot dissuade himself from this. He believes in everything, even in the fantastic lies of the "auditor" - to such an extent is servility in the mayor.
When Khlestakov wooed his daughter, Marya Antonovna, the official began to think about what benefits his relationship with an "important person" promised him, and decided that "it's nice to be a general." To the depths of the soul, the unexpected revelation of Khlestakov offends the mayor. It finally dawns on him that he mistook "rag", "icicle" for important person. The mayor, having experienced a humiliating shock, spiritually begins to see clearly, for the first time in his life. He says that for the first time he sees "pig snouts" instead of faces.
Completing the analysis of the comedy N.V. Gogol's "Inspector General", we add that his comic figure in the finale of the comedy develops into a tragic one. The tragedy becomes most obvious in the silent scene, when it becomes known about the arrival of the real auditor.
