C8 multivariance and driving forces of social development. Social studies plans (C8)
Spiritual development of society.
Culture is a set of extra-biological means and mechanisms of activity through which a person masters the world around him and regulates his own life.
Disciplines studying cultural issues:
a) history,
B) philosophy,
B) anthropology,
D) ethnography,
E) sociology,
g) cultural studies.
3. Material and spiritual culture:
A) Material culture associated with practical activities
of a person, aimed at satisfying primarily primary needs (clothing, housing, technology...)
b) Spiritual culture - the process and set of results of spiritual
human activity, as well as a system of attitudes, ideals, values,
designed to orient a person in the world around him.
4. The spiritual development of society is characterized by:
a) continuity;
b) innovation (creativity).
5. Subculture and Counterculture.
a) Subculture - layers of culture that correspond to trends and demands of different layers of society, social groups (for example, the subculture of childhood, teenagers).
b) Counterculture – local cultural values, going beyond their social environment, claiming some universality. (Sociocultural systems that oppose the dominant culture. Sometimes they imply the value system of asocial groups).
The problem of cultural diversity.
The problem of interaction and interpenetration of cultures was studied by the Russian thinker N. Danilevsky. He identified several ways of cultural interaction:
a) colonization;
b) grafting: the grafted “cutting” remains foreign, unable to enrich a foreign culture;
c) mutual dialogue: exchange of values.
7. There are several types of cultural consciousness:
a) American-centrism: the special purpose, mission of America, its people, the New World;
b) Afrocentrism: a product of the fight against colonialism, the rise of African culture;
c) Arab nationalism;
d) Islamic fundamentalism.
8. Dialogue of cultures: interaction, interpenetration of various cultural formations within large cultural zones.
Tolerance: willingness to accept other views without protest, respect for freedom of thought, creativity, and conscience.
Tolerance can be personal, social, or state (for example, the establishment of freedom of conscience in legislation).
Spiritual world of personality.
The spiritual world of man - the inner, spiritual life of a person, including knowledge, faith, feelings, aspirations. The most important elements of spirituality are morality, patriotism, citizenship, and worldview.
Worldview – a holistic idea of nature, society, and man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of the individual, social group, and society.
Types of worldview:
I. a) Theocentrism (focus on God)
b) Nature-centrism (on nature)
c) Anthropocentrism (per person)
d) Sociocentrism (on society)
e) Science-centrism (on science)
II. a) everyday (ordinary): based on human experience
b) religious: religious teachings become the basis
c) scientific: based on the achievements of science
Morality and ethics.
1) Morality is a set of norms approved by public opinion that determine the relationships of people in society, their responsibilities to each other and to society.
Moral consciousness - reflection in people's minds of attitudes towards moral norms in an extremely wide range of positions: from passionate affirmation of these norms in word and deed to moral nihilism.
Aspects of morality: a) cognitive; b) evaluative; c) regulatory.
Levels of moral approval: a) clan-ethnic; b) national; c) class; d) general society.
Functions of moral standards:
Maintaining the sustainability of society and the groups within it.
Regulation and coordination of people's activities in different public spheres.
Morality – the degree to which an individual has assimilated the moral values of society and practically followed them in everyday life.
Ethical categories – fundamental concepts morality, reflecting life events from the point of view of the most general moral assessments.
The world of moral categories.
Good and evil;
Duty;
Conscience;
Honor and dignity of the individual;
Happiness;
Moral ideal - the idea of a perfect system of moral norms embodied in the activities and behavior of the individual.
How to resolve an administrative dispute?
Proceedings in cases of administrative violations.
Bodies considering cases of administrative offenses.
Tasks: comprehensive, complete, objective and timely clarification of the circumstances of each case, its resolution in accordance with the law, ensuring the execution of the issued decision, as well as identifying the causes and conditions of the offense.
Administrative offenses are considered: judges, commissions on juvenile affairs and protection of their rights, federal executive authorities, and other authorized bodies.
Implementation of legal liability measures.
Punishments: warning, fine (no later than 30 days after the fine is imposed), seizure of documents (driver's license, hunting license, etc.), administrative arrest.
Features of judicial proceedings for administrative offenses.
Conducted in Russian
Subject to public review
Participation of a defense lawyer
The victim can appeal the decision in his case
Representatives individual– parents, guardians, adoptive parents.
Availability of witnesses (who have the right not to testify against themselves, their spouse, relatives)
Collection of evidence
proof - any factual data on the basis of which a court, body or official establishes the presence or absence of an offense.
The judge is obliged to consider the case within 15 days from the date of receipt of the protocol on the violation. When a person is administratively arrested, his case is considered within two days from the moment of arrest.
In some cases, a person may be forcibly taken to the police station.
It is necessary to draw up a protocol
The period of detention should not exceed three hours; the detainee is explained his rights.
Administrative detention – short-term restriction of freedom of an individual.
Sometimes a personal search or search of things is possible, carried out by a person of the same sex as the person being searched in the presence of two witnesses of the same sex. A protocol is drawn up about the inspection.
It is allowed to confiscate things and documents that were instrumental in committing an offense.
The law provides for the following procedure for considering cases of administrative offenses in court:
It is announced who is considering the case. The fact of appearance of persons in the case is established. The reasons for the non-appearance of other persons are being clarified. Participants are explained their rights and responsibilities. If necessary, a determination is made to bring the missing person. The case is being considered on its merits. A decision is made.
Petition – an official request to carry out procedural actions or make decisions addressed to the body of inquiry, investigator, prosecutor, judge.
Retraction – removal from participation in the trial of a judge, juror, prosecutor, investigator, secretary, expert, translator, if they are personally, directly or indirectly interested in the outcome of the case or there are other circumstances that raise doubts about their impartiality.
The decision can be appealed to higher authorities.
The case is considered at the place of residence of the person or at the place where it was committed.
The resolution is not subject to execution if it has not been executed within a year from the date of entry into force.
Science and philosophy
Natural scientific and social-humanitarian knowledge.
a) Natural: they study nature, the phenomena of which do not depend on humans, objective biological, physical and other facts, and provide generalized theoretical knowledge.
b) Social and humanitarian: they study society with its human factor, not only the general signs of homogeneous social phenomena, but also the features of a separate, unique event.
Both of them intersect in the study of man and are aimed at comprehending the truth.
2. Classification of social sciences and humanities.
Fundamental- find out the objective laws of the surrounding world;
Applied- solve problems of applying these laws to solve practical problems in the industrial and social fields.
Historical
Economic
Philosophical
Philological
Legal
Pedagogical
Psychological
Social
Political science
Cultural
3. SOCIOLOGY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY AS SOCIAL SCIENCES.
Sociology is a science that studies society and social relations.
Levels of sociological knowledge:
Theoretical
Applied (observation, survey, study of documents, experiment)
Political science(political science) is a generalization of political practices, political life society. She studies politics in its relationships with other areas of public life.
Social Psychology studies the patterns of behavior and activity of people determined by the fact of their inclusion in social groups, as well as the psychological characteristics of these groups themselves.
Specificity of philosophical knowledge.
B. Russell: a philosopher first of all reflects on mysterious or eternal problems: what is the meaning of life and does it exist at all? Does the world have a purpose, does historical development lead somewhere? Is nature really governed by laws, or do we just like to see some kind of order in everything? Is the world divided into two fundamentally different parts - spirit and matter, and if so, how do they coexist?
“Philosophy cognizes being from man and through man, in man it sees the answer to meaning, but science cognizes existence as if outside man, detached from man. Therefore, for philosophy being is spirit, but for science being is nature.”
N. A. Berdyaev
Philosophy is always pluralistic, diverse in its schools and directions, its provisions do not take the form of absolute truths, it is not objective.
Philosophizing is a type of speculative activity. Although in most cases philosophers build their reasoning on a rational basis and strive for logical validity of conclusions, they also use special methods of argumentation that go beyond formal logic: they identify opposite sides of the whole, turn to paradoxes (when, with logical reasoning, they come to an absurd result), aporias (unsolvable problems). Such methods and techniques allow us to capture the inconsistency and variability of the world. Within philosophy, special separate teachings were formed:
Ontology is the doctrine of being;
Epistemology – the doctrine of knowledge;
Ethics;
Aesthetics;
Philosophical anthropology is the doctrine of the essence and nature of man, of the specifically human way of being;
Social philosophy.
“The problem of social philosophy is the question of what society actually is, what significance it has in human life, what its true essence is and what it obliges us to.”
S. L. Frank.
Man and society in early myths and first philosophical teachings.
“myth” - from Greek. mythos - legend, legend.
1) Mythological consciousness:
The search for the cause boiled down to answering the question: who?
The idea of time was not abstracted, time was perceived through periodicity and rhythm human life: birth, growing up, maturity, old age and death of a person, as well as changes in nature: the change of day and night, seasons, the movement of celestial bodies.
Perception of the world as an arena of struggle between divine and demonic, cosmic and chaotic forces.
2) Ancient Indian philosophy
The world is an eternal confrontation between Space and Chaos; gods often act as the personification of natural forces.
Upanishad (book of wisdom), it first expounded on the idea of reincarnation (transmigration of souls).
Karma is an act, an action, a key concept in ancient Indian philosophy.
Yoga is one of the ways to get closer to perfection.
Buddhism is a religion that guides a person to spiritual liberation. This state itself is nirvana.
Buddha's Four Noble Truths: The world is full of suffering; the cause of human suffering is physical desires, worldly passions; if desire is eliminated, then passion will die and human suffering will end; in order to achieve a state in which there are no desires, one must follow a certain - “eightfold” - path.
3) Ancient Chinese philosophy.
Best behavior for a person it is following the natural course of things, activity without violating the measure (the “wu wei” principle).
Taoism (Tao – way), the teaching of contemplation. Founder: Lao Tzu.
Confucianism is closely related to earthly problems. The thinker Confucius placed the concept of man at the center of his philosophy. Don't do to others what you don't want for yourself. great attention to issues of “correct” government structure. This, in his opinion, can be considered a state where the highest position, in addition to the deified emperor, is occupied by a layer of people (zhu), combining the properties of philosophers, writers, scientists and officials.
4) Philosophy of ancient Greece.
The first principle should be understood not as a certain temporary state that precedes the appearance of all things, but as a first cause, and a first cause that is rationally comprehended (Thales, Anaximenes, Anaximander, Heraclitus).
Plato: power in the state should belong to a few people who have knowledge of ideas and are therefore virtuous (philosophers). Thanks to new system education, three social classes are formed that form the basis of the state. And everyone finds himself in a position that allows him (taking into account his abilities) to be most useful to his state.
Aristotle: along with the state, he identified two more types of community - the family and the settlement, but he placed the state above everything, the middle strata of society are the basis of the state.
Greetings to all the many readers of the site! Today we will look at a very interesting topic in social studies: writing plans. This post will already include READY WORKS, and at the end of this post a task will be given to consolidate the material. By the way, I recommend subscribe to new articles so as not to miss anything interesting.
True
What is truth?
Types of Truth
- absolute;
- relative.
Criteria of truth
— consistency with accumulated knowledge;
— presence of formal logic;
— experimental confirmation.
Cognition as an activity aimed at achieving new knowledge.
The variety of ways to understand the world
1) Definition of cognition;
2) Forms of knowledge
- sensual;
- rational.
3) Types of knowledge:
- mythological;
- everyday;
— scientific;
- artistic;
- social.
4) Levels of scientific knowledge
— Empirical;
— Theoretical.
Bank as a financial institution
1) Scope of activity of the bank
— attracting free money;
- providing money on credit.
2) Organization of a modern banking system
- top level - central bank;
- lower level: - commercial bank, etc.
3) Functions of the Central Bank
— Stabilization;
— Structural.
4) Ways of influence of the state on the economic mechanism
— Direct
— Indirect regulation
5) Mechanisms of state regulation of a market economy
— fiscal policy;
— monetary;
- legal regulation.
6) Basic theoretical concepts (*not mandatory item)
— monetarism
- Keynesianism.
Inflation
1) Definition;
2) Types of inflation
— Demand inflation;
— Supply inflation.
3) Types of inflation depending on the topic of rising prices
— Creeping;
- Galloping;
- Hyperinflation.
4) Causes of inflation
— growth in government spending and mass lending during money emission;
- monopoly of large firms on determining prices;
- currency depreciation when high level import;
— increase in state taxes, duties, etc.
5) Deflation - a decrease in the general price level.
These are the plans for society, Dear friends! Well, now try to make your own plans for the topics:
1. Social institution
2. Socio-demographic problems.
3. Conformity and deviant behavior
See you in the next posts!
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Biosocial nature of man.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
1. Man as a result of biological and sociocultural evolution.
2. The body as the natural basis of man:
a) functioning internal organs and systems (morphophysiological, electrochemical, neuro-brain and other processes of the human body);
b) primary (physiological) needs (for food, water, rest, certain temperature conditions and etc.);
c) human genotype and mechanisms of heredity.
3. Social in a person:
a) social needs;
b) interests;
c) strong-willed qualities;
d) self-awareness;
e) worldview, etc.
4. Unity of biological and social in man:
a) the influence of biological (hereditary) on the physical characteristics and mental properties of a person;
b) implementation and satisfaction of the biological in social forms.
5. The problem of the relationship between the biological and the social in man (different approaches).
Answer: None
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Worldview, its types and forms.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. Worldview as a system of generalized views on the world and man’s place in it.
2. Historical views worldviews:
a) mythological;
b) theological (religious);
c) philosophical.
3. Everyday (everyday) worldview and its features:
a) the predominance of arbitrary connections;
b) fragmented world views;
c) lack of integrity.
4. Main features of the scientific worldview:
a) logical consistency;
b) systematic;
c) versatility;
d) criticality;
d) validity.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Socio-demographic problems of our time.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
1) Socio-demographic problems as part of the global problems of humanity.
2) The essence of the “demographic explosion” and its connection with other global problems.
3) What caused the demographic crisis in economically developed countries?
4) Manifestations and consequences of the “demographic explosion”:
a) widespread hunger, disease, illiteracy, lack of proper housing;
b) unemployment;
c) mass migrations;
d) problems of assimilation of newcomers.
5) Ways to overcome socio-demographic problems:
a) solving the problem of population regulation;
b) implementation of a well-thought-out demographic policy;
c) international cooperation in solving socio-demographic problems.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Modern threats to culture and human spiritual development.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic: 1) Modern threats to culture and human spiritual development are one of the global problems of humanity:
a) alarming levels of ignorance, crime, drug addiction, alienation from culture;
b) material consumerism;
c) mass culture and anticulture;
d) manifestations of discomfort in a person’s daily life;
e) information and people.
2) Ways to overcome the problem:
a) free human access to cultural values;
b) the opportunity to obtain education and improve it;
c) humanization of society, comprehensive development personality.
3) Post-industrial society and spiritual
human development.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Integrity and inconsistency of the modern world.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1) Diversity of the world and unity of humanity: a) modern world and integration;
b) globalization of the economy and the development of world trade;
c) modern communications (Internet, etc.).
2) Contradictory consequences of globalization:
a) standards of globalization in economics and culture;
b) environmental, demographic crises, AIDS, drug addiction, international terrorism, problems of economically backward countries and many others. etc.
3) Will humanity overcome the problems of its development?
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Socialization of the Individual.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. Socialization as the process of an individual’s assimilation of patterns of behavior, social norms and values necessary for his successful functioning in a given society.
2. Stages of socialization according to D. Smelser:
a) the stage of imitation and copying of adult behavior by children;
b) the play stage, when children recognize behavior as playing a role;
c) the stage of group games, in which children learn to understand what is expected of them by a whole group of people.
3. Stages of socialization according to role theory (J. G. Mead):
a) imitation (children copy the behavior of adults);
b) play stage (children understand behavior as the performance of certain roles);
c) collective play (children learn to be aware of the expectations not only of an individual, but also of an entire group).
4. Agents (institutions) of socialization:
a) agents of primary socialization are the environment that has a direct impact on the individual (parents, relatives, family, friends, peers, etc.);
b) agents of secondary socialization: administration of a school, university, enterprise; army, court, church, etc.
5. Differences in the content of the socialization process of adults from the socialization process of children.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Morality and “ Golden Rule"morality". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1) Morality and its role in human life and society: historical aspect.
2) The basis of morality is universal moral norms and values:
c) principles and moral standards.
3) Is there progress in morality?
a) moral duty and the problem of choice;
b) modern realities (Internet, etc.) and moral standards.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Society as a system.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. A system as a set of elements that form it, which are in stable connections and relationships with each other.
2. Society as a collection of people connected joint activities to achieve their common goals.
3.Elements of society as a system:
a) spheres of social life;
b) social institutions of society.
4.Characteristics of society as a system:
a) diverse hierarchically structured relationships that make up the structure of society;
b) the integrity of society as a system (it has properties that cannot be derived from the properties of individual elements);
c) openness of society as a system (a state of continuous exchange with its natural environment);
d) the dynamism of society (changes in various spheres of life, their contradictory nature).
5. The degree to which people's needs are met is proof of the effectiveness of the functioning of society as a system.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “The Problem of the North and the South and ways to solve it.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
1) The problem of North and South is one of the global problems of our time.
2) The essence of the problem of North and South and its connection with other global problems.
3) Manifestations and consequences of the named problem:
a) “demographic explosion”;
b) hunger, poverty, illiteracy, disease;
c) unemployment and migration to economically prosperous countries of the world.
4) Ways to overcome economic backwardness, poverty and misery of the “third world” countries:
a) implementation of a well-thought-out demographic policy;
c) international cooperation in solving problems of the North and South.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Global problems of our time.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type. One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1) What problems have become global for humanity?
2) The essence of some global problems (ecological crisis, “demographic explosion”, economic backwardness of the “third world” countries) and their interrelation.
3) Manifestations and consequences of global problems of our time:
a) growth in scale economic activity of people;
b) growth of world population at the expense of developing countries;
c) consumer attitude towards nature.
4) Ways to solve global problems:
a) development of scientific research on environmental and nature restoration activities of humans;
b) establishment of a new world economic order;
c) birth control in economically backward countries;
d) international cooperation in solving global problems of our time. A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Freedom and Responsibility.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type. One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1) Freedom in human activity:
a) personal freedom - most important value civilization;
b) “freedom is a conscious necessity”;
2) Responsibility is the most important regulator of human activity:
a) conscious adherence to established standards;
b) assessing one’s actions in terms of their consequences for others;
c) principles and beliefs.
3) Freedom and responsibility in a free society.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “The purpose and meaning of human life.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type. One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1) The search for the meaning of life is a distinctive property of a person.
2) Approaches to the problem of the meaning of human life in world philosophy:
a) ancient philosophy;
b) philosophy of the Renaissance;
c) classical German philosophy;
d) Russian philosophy (S. Frank, N. Trubetskoy, etc.).
3) The role of worldview in human activity, in his search for goals and meaning in life:
a) everyday (everyday) worldview: relying on one’s life experience;
b) religious worldview and human purpose;
V) scientific worldview: a person’s understanding of the world and its development trends, as well as his place in this world.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Man as a spiritual being.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type. One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1) The spiritual world of man: knowledge, faith, feelings, aspirations.
2) Morals, values, ideals of a person:
a) the “golden rule” of morality;
c) conscience, patriotism, citizenship.
3) Worldview and its role in human life:
a) types of worldview;
b) worldview as a guideline and goals of human activity.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Modern science and the responsibility of scientists.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
– the correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
– compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1)Modern science is the direct productive force of society.
2) Specifics of modern science:
a) increased opportunities to influence nature and society;
b) complex technical and technological potential;
c) direct impact on lifestyle and nature of work
d) the opportunity to study micro- and macroworlds.
3) Main directions of scientific and technological progress:
a) space exploration;
b) genetic engineering and biotechnology (creation of organic substances with predetermined properties);
c) research in the field of creating new types of fuel and energy;
d) studying the possibilities and prospects of artificial intelligence.
4) Factors of increasing responsibility of scientists for their research:
a) dual purpose of a number of inventions (creation of new types of weapons of mass destruction);
b) moral ambiguity of a number of studies (cloning living organisms);
c) the negative, harmful impact of a number of scientific research on nature;
5) The need to preserve the humanistic essence of science.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Cognition is the process of man’s spiritual mastery of the material world.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1) The concept of knowledge. Cognition is the process of human comprehension of objects and phenomena of the material world.
2) Goals of knowledge:
a) comprehension of the truth;
b) practical use.
3) Structure of the cognition process:
b) logical cognition (concept, judgment, inference).
4) Interaction between the cognizing subject and the cognizable object in the process of cognition.
5) Knowledge as a result of cognition.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominative, question or mixed form.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Society as an open system.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for covering this topic
1. The concept of an open system as a system that is connected with the outside world (“exchanges matter and energy with it”).
2.Society as an open system in the context of sociological research is characterized by:
b)high mobility (members of society can change their status relatively easily);
c) the ability to innovate;
3. Openness of society: the influence of nature on society:
a) natural conditions have a significant impact on the social division of labor;
b) natural factors play an important role in people’s lives (geographical determinism);
c) nature forms the natural habitat for humans.
4. The state of continuous exchange with the natural environment and environmental problems of our time:
a) greenhouse effect;
b) acid rain;
d) air pollution;
e) soil pollution;
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “The influence of nature on man and society.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. Society and nature are organic parts of the material world.
2. Man is an element of the biosphere.
3.1. The influence of natural factors on the process of anthropogenesis:
a) separation of man from the animal world;
b) formation of races;
c) formation of languages;
d) features of mentality and character;
3.2 Influence of nature ( environment) on social processes:
a) the pace and quality of social dynamics;
b) distribution of productive forces and economic specialization;
c) natural disasters and their social consequences.
4. Stages of interaction between nature and society:
a) appropriation of finished products;
b) growth of productive forces;
c) transition from spontaneous consumption of natural resources to the organization of the purposeful course of natural processes;
5. The importance of nature for humans and society:
a) a storehouse of resources;
c) a source of inspiration and beauty.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Human Activity”. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
Availability of plan items required to cover the proposed topic;
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
The wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. Activity as a way of existence for people.
2. Structure of activity.
a) subject of activity
b) object of activity
d) methods and means
d) process
e) result
3. Activity needs:
a) biological
b) social
c) ideal
4. Types of activities
b) communication
c) teaching
5. Classification of activities:
a) by objects and results (material and spiritual);
b) by subject of activity (individual and collective)
c) by the nature of the activity (reproductive and creative)
d) depending on the spheres of society (economic, social, political, spiritual);
f) in accordance with moral standards (moral and immoral);
6. Characteristic features of the activity:
a) conscientious character;
b) transformative nature;
c) productive nature;
d) public character;
Possible other number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan. They can be presented in nominative, question or mixed form.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Culture, its forms.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
Availability of plan items required to cover the proposed topic;
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
The wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. The concept of culture.
2. Material and spiritual culture.
3. Functions of culture:
a) adaptive
b) normative
c) socialization
d) informational
d) creative
e) communicative
g) relaxation, etc.
4. Basis for classifying culture:
a) connection with religion
b) territorial affiliation
c) ethnic characteristics
d) economic structure
e) belonging to a historical type of society
5. Main forms of culture:
a) elitist
b) folk
c) massive
6. Varieties of culture:
a) subculture
b) counterculture
Possible other number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan. They can be presented in nominative, question or mixed form.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Scientific knowledge”. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
− the presence of plan items that are required to disclose the proposed topic;
− the correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
− compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
The wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. Scientific knowledge is one of the types of knowledge of the objective world.
2. Features of scientific knowledge:
a) the desire for objectivity (to study the world as it is, regardless of a person);
b) a special language, including special terms, strictly defined concepts, mathematical symbols;
c) special procedures for checking results.
3. Levels of scientific knowledge:
a) empirical knowledge;
b) theoretical knowledge.
4. Methods of scientific knowledge:
a) scientific observation;
b) description;
c) classification;
d) scientific experiment;
e) thought experiment;
f) putting forward hypotheses;
g) scientific modeling.
Possible other number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan. They can be presented in nominative, question or mixed form.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “The environmental crisis as a global problem of our time.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
Explanation.
1.What problems have become global for humanity?
2. The essence of the environmental crisis and its connection with other global problems
3. What caused the environmental crisis?
a) Increase in the scale of human economic activity.
b) Consumer attitude towards nature.
4. Manifestations and consequences of the environmental crisis.
5. Ways to overcome the environmental crisis:
a) changing people’s attitudes towards nature;
b) science in the service of ecology;
c) international cooperation in solving environmental problems.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Cognition is the process of man’s spiritual mastery of the material world.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
Availability of plan items required to cover the proposed topic;
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
The wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. The concept of knowledge. Cognition is the process of human comprehension of objects and phenomena of the material world.
2. Goals of knowledge:
a) comprehension of truth
b) practical use
3. Structure of the cognition process:
a) sensory cognition (sensation, perception, representation);
b) rational knowledge (concept, judgment, inference);
4. Types of knowledge:
a) scientific
b) everyday (ordinary);
c) mythological;
d) aesthetic, etc.
5 Knowledge as a result of cognition.
Possible other number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan. They can be presented in nominative, question or mixed form.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Society and Nature.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type. Wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment.
1. Society and nature are organic parts of the material world.
2. The influence of nature (environment) on social processes:
a) the pace and quality of social dynamics;
b) distribution of productive forces and economic specialization;
c) peculiarities of mentality, attitude and character of people;
d) natural disasters and their social consequences.
3. Impact of society on the natural environment:
a) changes in landscapes under the influence of human activity;
b) use of non-renewable and renewable natural resources;
c) use of flora and fauna;
d) creation of a natural environment transformed by man.
4. The importance of nature for humans and society:
a) a storehouse of resources;
b) natural habitat;
c) a source of inspiration and beauty.
5. Specifics of interaction between nature and society at the present stage of social development.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in named, question or mixed form.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “The problem of international terrorism as a global problem of our time.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
Availability of plan items required to cover the proposed topic;
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
The wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment.
One of the options for covering this topic.
1. Threats and challenges of modern humanity.
2. International terrorism as a threat to the world community.
3. Causes of international terrorism:
a) the gap in levels of economic and social development between countries and regions of the world;
b) aggressive introduction of the values and norms of Western society into the non-Western world, oppression of non-Western cultures and values;
c) political dominance of Western countries in the global world.
4. Features of terrorism at the present stage:
a) supranational character;
b) use of modern network technologies and resources;
c) the presence of significant financial, intellectual, and human resources;
d) the use of religious and sociocultural program settings.
5. The main areas of activity of international terrorists:
a) organizing psychological attacks using media technologies;
b) preparation and conduct of terrorist acts;
c) organizing attacks on the Internet against large financial centers and banks.
6. Ways and methods of the world community’s fight against terrorists.
7. The role of the Russian Federation in countering the terrorist threat. A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
The absence of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th points of the plan in this or similar formulation will not allow us to reveal the content of this topic in essence.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Content and forms (types) of spiritual activity.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
1.Concept
2. Specifics of objects and subjects of spiritual activity
3. Main goals:
a) formation of public consciousness,
b) formation of values,
c) satisfying the ideal needs of society,
d) production of spiritual goods.
4. Forms of spiritual activity:
a) prognostic,
b) cognitive,
c) value-oriented
5. Role in the modern world
Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 06/10/2013. Main wave. Center. Option 6.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “The problem of the cognizability of the world.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their correspondence to the given topic and the clarity of expression of thoughts;
Reflection in terms of the main aspects of the topic in a certain (adequate to the given topic) sequence.
1. The problem of the cognizability of the world
a) What is agnosticism
b) Theories of Hume and Kant
c) Varieties of agnosticism
2. Subject and object of knowledge
3. Sensory and rational cognition
4. Sensualism and rationalism.
5. three main trends:
a) epistemological optimism,
b) skepticism
c) agnosticism.
6. Relative and absolute truth.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 06/10/2013. Main wave. Far East. Option 2.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Society as a system.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
Compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type.
One of the options for covering this topic
1. The concept of society as a system that is connected with the outside world (“exchanges matter and energy with it”).
2.Society as an open system in the context of sociological research is characterized by:
a) dynamic social structure;
b)high mobility (members of society can change their status relatively easily);
c) the ability to innovate;
d) democratic pluralistic ideology.
3. Openness of society: the influence of nature on society:
a) natural conditions have a significant impact on the social division of labor;
b) natural factors play an important role in people’s lives (geographical determinism);
c) nature forms the natural habitat for humans.
4. The state of continuous exchange with the natural environment and environmental problems of our time:
a) greenhouse effect;
b) acid rain;
c) pollution of seas and oceans;
d) air pollution;
e) soil pollution;
f) reducing the amount of water suitable for drinking.
Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 06/10/2013. Main wave. Siberia. Option 2.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Forms and varieties of culture.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:
The correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their correspondence to the given topic and the clarity of expression of thoughts;
Reflection in terms of the main aspects of the topic in a certain (adequate to the given topic) sequence.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. The concept of culture
2. Forms of culture:
a) elitist
b) folk
c) massive
d) screen
3.Diversity of cultures:
a) subcultures
b) counterculture
4. The role of culture in the development of modern society.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 06/10/2013. Main wave. Ural. Option 6.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “The Problem of Social Progress.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the options for covering this topic
a) progress;
b) regression.
2. Theories of social development:
a) theories of progressive development;
b) theories of cyclical development;
c) ideas of the end of history.
3. Inconsistency of progress:
a) uneven progress in various areas;
b) progress in some areas is accompanied by regression in others.
4. Criteria for social progress:
a) development of science and technology;
b) growth of personal freedom of a person;
c) the development of the human mind.
5. The price of progress.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “The influence of mass culture on the spiritual life of society.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the options for covering this topic
1. The concepts of “culture” and “spiritual life”.
2. Forms of culture:
a) elitist;
b) folk;
c) massive.
3. The reasons for the emergence of mass culture.
4. Distinctive features of mass culture:
a) focus on mass sales and profit;
b) replicability;
c) entertaining form;
d) intended for a wide audience.
5. Positive impact on the spiritual life of society:
a) affirms simple and understandable ideas about the world around us;
b) directly focused on the interests of society;
c) is democratic;
d) meets the needs for rest, psychological relaxation, etc.
6. Negative impact on society:
a) aimed at mass tastes;
b) leads to standardization and unification of culture;
c) designed for passive consumption;
d) plants myths in people’s minds;
e) creates artificial needs, etc.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Social control”. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the options for covering this topic
1. Social control. Definition.
2. Elements of social control:
Social norms.
Social sanctions.
3. Types of social norms:
Moral.
Legal.
Corporate.
Religious, etc.
4. Types of social sanctions:
Formal.
Informal.
5. Formal social sanctions:
Positive.
Negative.
6. Informal social sanctions:
Positive.
Negative.
7. Forms of social control:
Internal (conscience).
External (formal and informal).
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Small groups and their role in society.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. The concept of a “small group”.
2. Features of small groups:
a) behavioral and psychological community of group members;
b) the presence of common interests and values;
c) general group norms.
3. Types of small groups:
a) formal;
b) informal.
4. Examples of small groups:
b) a group of friends;
c) labor collective.
5. Functions of small groups:
a) socializing;
b) supportive;
c) psychological;
d) active.
6. Interpersonal relationships in a small group.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “The role of needs in human activity.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the possible plans.
1. The concept of activity.
2. Motives for activity
A. needs
b. interests
V. attractions
3. Classification of needs.
A. biological
b. social
V. perfect
4. Classification of needs by A. Maslow
A. physiological
b. existential
V. social
prestigious
d. spiritual
5. Connection of needs with activities
A. creative
b. labor
V. gaming (leisure)
educational
6. Need as the main motive of human activity.
Source: Unified State Examination in Social Studies 05/05/2014. Early wave. Option 2.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Worldview and its role in human life.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. The concept of “worldview”.
2. Structure:
a) knowledge;
b) principles;
c) beliefs;
d) spiritual values.
3. Ways to form a worldview:
a) spontaneous
b) conscious
4. Main types of worldview:
a) mythological;
b) religious;
c) philosophical;
d) scientific.
5. The role of worldview in human life.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “Activity and Thinking.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. Activity as a way of life for a person and society.
2. Structure of activity:
a) subject;
b) object;
d) motives;
e) actions;
e) result.
3. Types of activities:
a) labor;
b) cognitive;
c) aesthetic, etc.
4. Thinking as a process of cognitive activity.
5. Thinking is the basis of rational knowledge.
6. Types of thinking:
a) verbal-logical;
b) visually figurative;
c) visually effective.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Social conflicts and ways to resolve them.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
– compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type;
– the presence of plan points indicating the examinee’s understanding of the main aspects of this topic, without which it cannot be revealed in essence;
– correctness of wording of plan items.
Wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. Social conflict is a clash of interests of individuals and groups.
2. The main causes of conflicts:
a) unfavorable working conditions;
b) dissatisfaction with pay;
c) psychological incompatibility of people;
d) difference in essential interests and principles;
e) redistribution of influence within a group or between groups;
f) ideological differences (political and religious);
g) unfair distribution of values (income, knowledge,
information, benefits).
3. Types of social conflicts:
a) intrapersonal;
b) interpersonal;
c) intergroup;
d) conflict of belonging;
e) conflict with the external environment.
4. Stages of development of intergroup conflict.
5. Constructive and destructive ways of resolving conflicts.
6. Improving social culture, readiness for negotiations
process and compromise are the leading methods of conflict resolution in the modern world. A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that will allow you to essentially reveal the topic “Socialization of the Individual.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. Socialization is the process of a person’s entry into the world of social connections and interactions.
2. Socialization functions:
a) mastering a system of knowledge about the world, man, human society;
b) acquiring experience of human interaction with society;
c) assimilation of moral values and ideals;
d) mastering practical skills.
3. Stages of socialization:
a) primary socialization;
b) secondary socialization
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. Political participation - the influence of citizens on the adoption, implementation of government decisions and the selection of representatives to government institutions.
2. Types of political participation:
a) indirect (representative);
b) immediate (direct).
3. Forms of direct political participation:
a) participation in the activities of political parties, organizations, movements;
b) participation in meetings, rallies, demonstrations, pickets;
c) contacting government authorities;
d) participation in elections and referendums;
e) the activities of political leaders.
4. Classifications of political participation:
a) by the number of participants (individual, group, mass);
Explanation.
Plan on the topic: “Pricing in market conditions.”
1. Pricing - setting prices for goods and services. The market is a mechanism that connects buyer and seller.
2. Pricing depending on the type of economic system:
a) command-administrative economic system: directive pricing.
b) market - pricing depends on supply and demand. (from seller and consumer)
c) traditional - absence of commodity-money relations
d) mixed - partial control over pricing by the state.
3. Pricing depending on supply and demand:
a) law of demand: The lower the price, the higher the demand.
b) law of supply: The higher the price, the higher the supply.
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. Leadership Concepts:
a) outstanding qualities of individuals;
b) dependence of leadership on the current social situation;
c) psychoanalytic concepts of leadership, etc.
2. Functions of a political leader:
a) group integration based on common interests and values;
b) development of a political course;
c) mobilizing the group to achieve its goals;
d) social arbitration, etc.
3. Types of leaders:
a) ruling and opposition leaders;
b) democratic, authoritarian and liberal leaders;
c) traditional, rational-legal and charismatic leaders, etc.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be
of which two or more are detailed in sub-clauses.
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following is taken into account:
− correctness of wording of plan items. The wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. The concept of family.
2. Family types by composition:
A) extended (multi-generation); B) nuclear.
3. Types of family according to the nature of family responsibilities: A) Traditional (patriarchal);
Explanation.
When analyzing the answer, the following is taken into account:
− compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a complex type plan;
− the presence of plan points indicating the examinee’s understanding of the main aspects of this topic, without which it cannot be revealed in essence;
− correctness of wording of plan items. The wording of plan items that are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic are not counted in the assessment.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. The concept of human needs.
2. Classification of human needs:
A) human biological needs; B) social needs;
B) ideal needs.
3. Structure of human activity:
A) needs and motives;
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. International economic relations in the era of globalization:
a) international trade;
b) labor migration;
c) international capital movement;
d) economic integration;
e) monetary, financial and credit relations.
2. Factors of the international division of labor:
a) scientific and technological progress;
b) structure of national production;
c) demand on the world market.
3. State policy in the field of international trade:
a) protectionism;
b) free trade.
4. The international division of labor is the basis for the development of the world economy.
Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic “The media in the political system.” The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Explanation.
One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:
1. Functions of the media in the political life of society:
a) selection and commenting on information;
b) political socialization;
c) formation of public opinion.
2. The role of the media in election campaigns:
a) election campaigning;
b) informing about the political programs of parties and candidates;
c) psychological impact on the voter.
3. Types of media:
b) Pure monopoly
c) Monopolistic competition
d) Oligopoly
5. State regulation of the economy
6. Consequences:
a) price reduction
b) quality improvement
c) expanding the range of goods and services
Elements of the answer can be given in other formulations that are similar in meaning.
