Investments for Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich. Destiny A

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795-1829)

Russian writer and diplomat.

He belonged to a noble family. Received an excellent education. Griboyedov's multifaceted talent was revealed very early; in addition to literary talent, he also showed a bright composing talent (two waltzes for piano are known). He studied at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, then entered Moscow University. After graduating from the verbal department, Griboyedov continued to study at the ethical and political department.

One of the most educated people of his time, Griboyedov spoke French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Latin languages, later mastered Arabic, Persian, and Turkish.

With the beginning Patriotic War 1812 Griboedov stops his academic studies and joins the Moscow Hussar Regiment as a cornet. Military service (as part of reserve units) brought him together with D. N. Begichev and his brother S. N. Begichev, who became a close friend of Griboyedov. After retiring (early 1816), Griboyedov settled in St. Petersburg and was assigned to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.

He leads a secular lifestyle, moves in the theatrical and literary circles of St. Petersburg (gets close to the circle of A. A. Shakhovsky), he writes and translates for the theater (the comedies “The Young Spouses” (1815), “One’s Own Family, or the Married Bride” (1817 d.) together with Shakhovsky and N.I. Khmelnitsky, etc.).

The consequence of “ardent passions and powerful circumstances” (A.S. Pushkin) was drastic changes in his fate - in 1818 Griboedov was appointed secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission to Persia (not last role in this kind of exile, his participation as a second in the duel of A.P. Zavadsky with V.V. Sheremetev, which ended in the death of the latter, played a role) After three years of service in Tabriz, Griboedov transferred to Tiflis to the chief administrator of Georgia A.P. Ermolov (February 1822).

The first and second acts of “Woe from Wit” were written there; their first listener was the author’s Tiflis colleague V.K. Kuchelbecker. In the spring of 1823, Griboyedov went on vacation to Moscow, as well as to the estate of S.N. Begichev near Tula, where he spends the summer, the third and fourth acts of “Woe from Wit” are created.

By the autumn of 1824, the comedy was completed. Griboedov travels to St. Petersburg, intending to use his connections in the capital to obtain permission to publish it and theatrical production. However, he soon becomes convinced that comedy is “nothing to miss.” Only excerpts published in 1825 by F.V. Bulgarin in the almanac “Russian Waist” (the first full publication in Russia -1862, the first production on the professional stage -1831). Nevertheless, Griboyedov’s creation immediately became an event in Russian culture, spreading among the reading public in handwritten lists, the number of which was close to the book circulation of that time (the distribution of lists was facilitated by the Decembrists, who considered comedy as a mouthpiece for their ideas; already in January 1825

I. I. Pushchin brought A. S. Pushkin to the Mikhailovsky list of “Woe from Wit”) The success of Griboyedov’s comedy, which has taken a strong place among Russian classics, is largely determined by the harmonious combination in it of the acutely topical and timeless.

Through the brilliantly drawn picture of Russian society of the pre-Decembrist era (disturbing debates about serfdom, political freedoms, problems of national self-determination of culture, education, etc., masterfully outlined colorful figures of that time, recognizable by contemporaries, etc.), “eternal” themes are discerned: the conflict of generations , drama love triangle, antagonism between the individual and society, etc.

At the same time, “Woe from Wit” is an example of an artistic synthesis of the traditional and innovative: paying tribute to the canons of classicism aesthetics (unity of time, place, action, conventional roles, mask names, etc.), Griboedov “revives” the scheme with conflicts and characters taken from life, freely introduces lyrical, satirical and journalistic lines into comedy.

The accuracy and aphoristic precision of the language, the successful use of free (various) iambic, conveying the element of colloquial speech, allowed the text of the comedy to retain its sharpness and expressiveness; as Pushkin predicted; many lines of “Woe from Wit” have become proverbs and sayings (“The legend is fresh, but hard to believe,” “ Happy Hours are not observed”, etc.). In the fall of 1825, Griboedov returned to the Caucasus, but already in February 1826 he again found himself in St. Petersburg - as a suspect in the Decembrist case (there were many reasons for the arrest: four Decembrists were interrogated, including S.P. Trubetskoy and E.P. Obolensky, named Griboyedov among the members secret society; in the papers of many of those arrested they found lists of “Woe from Wit,” etc.).

Warned by Ermolov about the impending arrest, Griboyedov managed to destroy part of his archive. During the investigation, he categorically denies his involvement in the conspiracy. At the beginning of June, Griboedov was released from arrest with a “cleaning certificate.” Upon returning to the Caucasus (autumn 1826), Griboedov took part in several battles of the Russian-Persian War that began. Achieves significant success in the diplomatic field (according to N.N. Muravyov-Karsky, Griboyedov “replaced... with his single person an army of twenty thousand”), and is preparing, among other things, the Turkmanchay Peace, beneficial for Russia.

Having brought the documents of the peace treaty to St. Petersburg (March 1828), he received awards and a new appointment - minister plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Persia. Instead of literary studies, to which he dreamed of devoting himself (in his papers are plans, sketches - poems, tragedies “Rodamist and Zenobia”, “Georgian Night”, drama “1812”), Griboyedov is forced to accept high position. His last departure from the capital (June 1828) was tinged with gloomy forebodings.

On his way to Persia, he stops for some time in Tiflis. He has plans for economic transformations in Transcaucasia. In August he marries L. Chavchavadze’s 16-year-old daughter, Nina, and goes with her to Persia. Among other things Russian minister is engaged in sending captive Russian citizens to their homeland. The appeal to him for help by two Armenian women who ended up in the harem of a noble Persian was the reason for reprisals against the talented diplomat. On January 30, 1829, a crowd, incited by Muslim fanatics, defeated the Russian mission in Tehran. The Russian envoy was killed. Griboyedov was buried in Tiflis on Mount St. David. The words of Nina Griboyedova-Chavchavadze are carved on the gravestone: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”

And Alexander Griboyedov was a diplomat and linguist, historian and economist, musician and composer. But he considered literature to be the main work of his life. "Poetry!! I love her passionately, but is love enough to glorify myself? And finally, what is fame? - Alexander Griboyedov wrote in his diary.

“One of the smartest people in Russia”

Alexander Griboyedov was born in noble family. The best teachers of that time were involved in his education and upbringing: the encyclopedist Ivan Petrosilius, the scientist Bogdan Ion, the philosopher Johann Bule.

Alexander Griboyedov spent every summer on his uncle’s family estate in the village of Khmelita. Famous writers, musicians, and artists often came here for noisy balls and dinner parties.

IN early age Griboyedov showed an ability to foreign languages: Greek, Latin, English, German, French, Italian. He played the piano and harp, and started later compose music and poetry. Already at the age of 11, he entered Moscow University and in two years graduated from the literature department, and then the moral-political and physics-mathematical departments.

When the Patriotic War of 1812 began, 17-year-old Griboyedov enlisted as a cornet in the Moscow Hussar Regiment. He did not have time to attend battles: his unit began to form when Napoleon was already retreating. While Russian troops were liberating Europe from the French, Griboyedov served in the rear - in Belarus.

Travel notes of the secretary of the Russian embassy

In 1815, Griboyedov left military service and moved to St. Petersburg. His mother, Anastasia Griboyedova, insisted that he get a job as an official in some ministry. However civil service Griboyedov was not at all attracted to him; he dreamed of literature and theater. In the same year, Griboyedov wrote the comedy “Young Spouses,” which was later staged by court actors at the St. Petersburg theater.

Unknown artist. Alexander Griboyedov. 1820s

In St. Petersburg, Alexander Griboedov led a secular lifestyle: he was a member of two Masonic lodges, was friends with members of the Southern and Northern secret societies, and communicated with writers and actors. Theatrical hobbies and intrigues involved Griboyedov in a scandalous story: he became a second in the duel between Vasily Sheremetev and Alexander Zavadovsky. To save her son from prison, Griboyedov’s mother used all her connections and got him a job as secretary of the Russian embassy in Persia.

In 1818, Alexander Griboyedov went to work; along the way, he described in detail his southern journey in his diary. A year later, Griboyedov went on his first business trip to the Shah's court in Persia, where he continued to write travel notes. He described the events of his service in small narrative fragments - this is how the “Vagina Tale” was based real story a Russian prisoner whom Griboyedov returned to his homeland from Persia.

"Not a comedy" banned by censorship

Alexander Griboyedov spent more than a year and a half in the diplomatic service in Persia. His stay in this country depressed him: he often thought about his homeland, friends and theater, and dreamed of returning home.

In the fall of 1821, Griboedov achieved a transfer to Georgia. There he began writing a draft of the first edition of “Woe from Wit” - he dreamed of publishing the play and seeing it staged.

In 1823, the writer-diplomat asked General Alexei Ermolov for leave and went to Moscow. Here he continued to work on the play “Woe from Wit”, wrote the poem “David”, composed a dramatic scene in verse “Youth of the Prophetic” and created the first edition famous waltz E minor. Together with Pyotr Vyazemsky, Griboyedov wrote comedy play with songs, couplets and dances “Who is brother, who is sister, or Deception after deception.”

When Alexander Griboedov finished the comedy “Woe from Wit,” he decided to present it to the already elderly fabulist Ivan Krylov. The author read his work to Krylov for several hours. He listened silently, and then said: “The censors won’t let this pass. They make fun of my fables. And this is much worse! In our time, the empress would have escorted this play along the first route to Siberia.”.

In many ways, Krylov’s words turned out to be prophetic. Griboyedov was refused a request to stage “Woe from Wit” at the theater; moreover, the comedy was forbidden to publish. The play was copied by hand and secretly passed from house to house - literary scholars counted 45,000 handwritten copies throughout the country.

The topical play, in which Griboedov described the struggle of revolutionary youth against an obsolete society, caused heated debate. Some considered it a frank and revealing description of modern high society, others - a pathetic parody that only denigrated the capital's aristocrats.

“This is not a comedy, because it has no plan, no plot, no denouement... It’s just a proverb in action, in which Figaro is resurrected, but, like a copy, is far from the original... There is no other purpose in the play itself to to make contemptible not a vice, but to arouse contempt for only one class of society... He wanted to express his philosophical and political concepts, but he did not think about anything else.”

Dmitry Runich, trustee of the St. Petersburg educational district

Peter Karatygin. Alexander Griboyedov. 1858

Many contemporaries believed that the prototypes of the heroes were representatives of famous noble families, whom Griboyedov met at balls and holidays at his uncle’s estate as a child. The owner of the estate, Alexei Griboyedov, was seen in Famusov; in Skalozub - General Ivan Paskevich; in Chatsky - Decembrist Ivan Yakushkin.

Writer-diplomat

In 1825, Alexander Griboedov returned to serve in the Caucasus at Ermolov’s headquarters. Here the writer learned about the Decembrist uprising. Many of the conspirators were friends and relatives of Griboyedov, so he himself came under suspicion of involvement in the uprising. In January 1826, Griboedov was arrested, but the investigation was unable to prove his membership in a secret society.

In September 1826, Alexander Griboedov returned to Tiflis and continued his service: he attended diplomatic negotiations with Persia in Deykargan, corresponded with military leader Ivan Paskevich, and together they thought through military actions. In 1828, Griboedov participated in the conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty with Persia, which was beneficial for Russia.

“During this war, his enormous talents, fully developed by his multifaceted correct education, his diplomatic tact and dexterity, his ability to work, enormous, complex and requiring great considerations, appeared in all their splendor.”

From “Conversations in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature”

Alexander Griboyedov delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. In the capital, Nicholas I himself received him with honor. The emperor awarded the writer-diplomat with the rank of state councilor, the Order of St. Anne, 2nd degree, and appointed him minister plenipotentiary in Persia.

Returning to serve in a new position, Griboyedov again stopped in Tiflis, where he married Princess Nina Chavchavadze. They met back in 1822 - then he gave the girl music lessons. Griboedov lived with his young wife for only a few weeks, as he was forced to return to Persia.

In 1829, during a diplomatic visit to Tehran, 34-year-old Alexander Griboyedov died: a house occupied by the Russian embassy was attacked by a huge crowd, incited by religious fanatics. They did not write about Alexander Griboedov and his death in Russia for almost 30 years. Only when “Woe from Wit” was staged for the first time without censorship edits did people start talking about him as a great Russian poet. The first information about Griboyedov’s diplomatic role in relations between Russia and Persia and his death began to appear in the press.

Alexander Griboyedov

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov (1795-1829) – poet, playwright, pianist, composer, diplomat.

Gifted with many talents and not developing any of them, Griboedov remained for us the author of the only play “Woe from Wit.”

Lifetime portrait of Griboyedov by P.A. Karatygina was published in 1858. More precisely, not the portrait itself, but a lithograph of Munster from a drawing by P.F. Borel. The second reliable portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov is considered to be a portrait painted with colored pencil in 1824 by the artist M.I. Terebenev (1795-1864). An engraving was made based on it by N.I. Utkina.

Alexander Griboyedov, 1858 Artist P.A. Karatygin

Alexander Griboyedov, 1829 Engraving by N.I. Utkina

Most famous portrait A.S. Griboyedov was written in 1873 by I.N. Kramskoy commissioned by P.M. Tretyakov for his art gallery.

The history of its creation was left to us by a close friend of Kramskoy, the publisher of the magazine “Russian Antiquity” M.I. Semevsky: “Guided by P.A. Karatygin’s oral story about Griboyedov’s appearance, Kramskoy wrote as if “from dictation” and resurrected the appearance of the glorious writer with a talented brush. Wanting to test himself and make sure whether he really managed to capture the similarity, color and facial expression, the artist showed the portrait on the easel to some people who personally knew Griboyedov, and all of them were struck by the amazing similarity and the expression of intelligence and grace that Griboyedov’s features breathed.”

Years of life: from 01/15/1795 to 02/11/1829

Russian playwright, poet and diplomat, composer, pianist. Griboyedov is known as homo unius libri, the writer of one book, a brilliant rhyming play “Woe from Wit.”

Griboyedov was born in Moscow into a noble family. The first Griboyedovs have been known since 1614: Mikhail Efimovich Griboedov received lands in the Vyazemsky Voivodeship from Mikhail Romanov in this year. It is noteworthy that the writer’s mother also came from the same Griboyedov family, from another branch of it. The founder of this branch, Lukyan Griboyedov, owned a small village in the Vladimir land. The writer’s maternal grandfather, although a military man, had amazing taste and abilities, turned Khmelity’s family estate into a real Russian estate, an island of culture. Here, in addition to French, Russian writers were read, Russian magazines were subscribed to, a theater was created, and children received an excellent education for those times. The second, paternal branch of the Griboyedovs, was not so lucky. Griboedov's father, Sergei Ivanovich, is a gambler and spendthrift, a desperate dragoon of the Yaroslavl infantry regiment.

In 1802, Griboedov was sent to the Noble boarding school. Moreover, in French, German and music he was immediately enrolled in the middle classes. He would remain strong in music and languages ​​throughout his life. Since childhood, knowing French, English, German and Italian languages, during his studies at the university he studied Greek and Latin, and later Persian, Arabic and Turkish and many other languages. He was also musically gifted: he played the piano, flute, and composed music himself. Two of his waltzes (“Griboyedov Waltz”) are still known.

A year later, I had to leave the boarding school due to illness, switching to home education. In 1806, A.S. Griboyedov (at the age of 11 years) was already a student at Moscow University, who successfully graduated in 1808, receiving the title of candidate of literature, and in 1812, Alexander Sergeevich entered the ethical and legal department , and then to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, when the enemy approached the Russian border, Griboyedov joined (against his mother’s wishes) the Moscow Hussar Regiment of Count Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Young people were attracted not only by the ideas of patriotism, but also by the beautiful black uniform, decorated with cords and gold embroidery (even Chaadaev moved from the Semenovsky regiment to the Akhtyrsky Hussars, carried away by the beauty of the uniform). However, due to illness he for a long time was absent from the regiment. Only at the end of June 1814 did he catch up with his regiment, renamed the Irkutsk Hussar Regiment, in the city of Kobrin, in the Kingdom of Poland. In July 1813, he will be seconded to the headquarters of the commander of the cavalry reserves, General A. S. Kologrivov, where he will serve until 1816 in the rank of cornet. It was in this service that Griboyedov began to show his remarkable abilities in the field of diplomacy: he ensured friendly relations with the Polish nobility, resolved conflicts that arose between the army and the local population, showing diplomatic tact. This is where his first ones appeared. literary experiments: “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher”, essay “About cavalry reserves” and comedy “Young Spouses” (translation French comedy“Le secret du Ménage”) - date back to 1814. In the article “On Cavalry Reserves,” Griboyedov acted as a historical publicist.

In 1815, after the death of her father, her mother, Nastasya Fedorovna, in order to settle the shaky and complicated affairs of her late husband, suggested A.S. Griboyedov to renounce the inheritance in favor of his sister Maria, who future writer loved dearly. Having signed the waiver, Griboedov is left without a livelihood. From now on, he will have to earn ranks and fortune through his labor. New literary acquaintances in St. Petersburg, acquired during vacation, literary success (Shakhovskoy himself was delighted with his first play, it was successfully staged in Moscow), lack of prospects for military service- all this served as a reason for Griboyedov to begin efforts to resign. However, when transferring him to the civil service, none of his merits were taken into account (he did not participate in hostilities), and instead of the rank of collegiate assessor (8 in the Table of Ranks), which he applied for, he receives the rank of provincial secretary, one of the lowest ranks (12) in the Table of Ranks (for comparison: A.S. Pushkin will enter the service of the College of Foreign Affairs with the rank of collegiate secretary (10), which was considered a very modest achievement).

From 1817 he served in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg, met A.S. Pushkin and V.K. Kuchelbecker.

In 1818, Griboyedov accepted an appointment as secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission under the Persian Shah (1818 - 1821, Tiflis, Tabriz, Tehran) and did a lot to bring Russian prisoners home. This appointment was essentially an exile, the reason for which was Griboyedov’s participation in a quadruple duel over the artist Istomina. A.P. Zavadovsky kills V.V. Sheremetev. The duel between Griboyedov and A.I. Yakubovich has been postponed. Later, in 1818, in the Caucasus, this duel will take place. On it, Griboyedov will be wounded in the arm. It is by the little finger of his left hand that the writer’s corpse, mutilated by the Persians, will subsequently be identified.

Upon returning from Persia in November 1821, he served as diplomatic secretary under the commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, General A.P. Ermolov, surrounded by many members of Decembrist societies. Lives in Tiflis, working on the first two acts of Woe from Wit. However, this work requires more privacy, more freedom from service, so he asks Ermolov long vacation. Having received leave, he spends it first in the Tula province, then in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

In January 1826, after the Decembrist uprising, Griboyedov was arrested on suspicion of involvement in a conspiracy. A few months later, he was not only released, but also received another rank, as well as an allowance in the amount of an annual salary. There really was no serious evidence against him, and even now there is no documentary evidence that the writer somehow participated in the activities of secret societies. On the contrary, he is credited with a disparaging description of the conspiracy: “One hundred warrant officers want to turn Russia over!” But, perhaps, Griboedov owes such a complete acquittal to the intercession of a relative - General I.F. Paskevich, a favorite of Nicholas I, who was appointed instead of Ermolov as commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Corps and commander-in-chief of Georgia.

During this period, A.S. Griboedov manages to do a lot. He takes charge of diplomatic relations with Georgia and Persia, reorganizes Russian policy in Transcaucasia, develops the “Regulations on the Administration of Azerbaijan”, with his participation the “Tiflis Gazette” was founded in 1828, and a “workhouse” was opened for women serving their sentences. A.S. Griboyedov, together with P. D. Zaveleisky, draws up a project on the “Establishment of the Russian Transcaucasian Company” in order to boost the industry of the region. He negotiates with Abbas Mirza on the terms of the Russian-Persian peace, participates in peace negotiations in the village of Turkmanchay. It is he who draws up the final version of the peace treaty, which is extremely beneficial for Russia. In the spring of 1828, Alexander Sergeevich was sent to St. Petersburg with the text of the agreement. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; On the way to his destination, he spent several months in Tiflis, where he married Princess Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of the head of the Erivan region and the Georgian poet Alexander Chavchavadze.

On January 30, 1829, the Persian authorities provoked an attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran. A crowd of Muslims, incited by fanatics, burst into the embassy building and massacred everyone there, including Griboyedov. The Russian government, not wanting a new military conflict with Persia, was satisfied with the Shah's apology. The Persian Shah sent his son to St. Petersburg to resolve the diplomatic scandal. To compensate for the blood shed, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, including the Shah diamond. This diamond, framed with many rubies and emeralds, once adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it is in the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin. Griboedov's body was brought to Tiflis (now Tbilisi) and buried in the monastery of St. David.

Griboyedov's date of birth is a special question. The playwright himself indicated the year of birth as 1790. Judging by the information from the confessional books of the Church of the Nine Martyrs, in whose parish the Gribredovs were members for many years, the year of his birth is 1795. There is also a version that he was born in 1794.

The son of A.S. Griboyedov and N.A Chavchavadze was born premature after the death of his father, was baptized Alexander, but died an hour after birth.

A.S. Griboyedov’s wife left the following words on his tombstone:
“Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory,
But why did my love survive you?

Bibliography

Griboedov's dramaturgy:
Dmitry Dryanskoy (comic tragedy) (1812)
The Young Spouses (comedy in one act, in verse) (1814)
One's own family, or The Married Bride (5 scenes for Shakhovsky's comedy) (1817)
Student (comedy in three acts, written together with P. A. Katenin) (1817)
Feigned Infidelity (a comedy in one act in verse) (1817)
Sample interlude (interlude in one act) (1818)
Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception (new opera-vaudeville in act 1 together with P.A. Vyazemsky) (1823)
Woe from Wit (comedy in four acts in verse) (1824)
Georgian Night (excerpts from the tragedy) (1828)

Publicism by Griboyedov:
Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher" (1814)
On cavalry reserves (1814)
On the analysis of the free translation of the Burger ballad “Lenora” (1816)
Special cases of the St. Petersburg flood (1824)
Country Trip (1826)

The creator of the delightful comedy "Woe from Wit", which was later simply disassembled into quotes. Decembrists, talented musician and the smartest diplomat. And all this is Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. A short biography always contains only superficial data. It will be revealed here detailed information, based on official facts that were confirmed by archival documents. This author has had to go through so much. Ups and downs, intrigues and duels, inner experiences and, of course, tender affection for his young wife.

Future writer Griboyedov. Biography. Photo

The very story of Griboyedov’s birth is still shrouded in mystery. If we take various biographical data or track records of Alexander Sergeevich, then significant differences in dates immediately become noticeable. Therefore, the year of birth cannot be determined exactly, but approximately between one thousand seven hundred and ninety and ninety-five.

Moreover, many biographers speculate that Griboedov was illegitimate. This is why the dates of his birth in all archival documents are so inaccurate. His mother's family deliberately hid this fact. Later, a husband was found who hid the girl’s shame and took her with the child. He also had the last name Griboyedov and was one of the poor relatives.

Father and mother of the great writer

A man of low education, a retired major, his father subsequently very rarely appeared in the family, preferring to stay in the village. There he devoted all his time to card games, which significantly depleted his fortune.

Alexander Sergeevich’s mother was a fairly rich and noble lady who became known not only in Moscow, but also beyond its environs as a wonderful pianist. The woman is very domineering and harsh, but she surrounded her children with warmth and care, and also gave them a wonderful home education. Her family came from Lithuania, their surname was Grzybowski. And only in the sixteenth century the family received the surname Griboedov.

Moreover, the Griboyedov family was related to such famous names, like the Odoevskys, Rimsky-Korsakovs, Naryshkins. And they made acquaintances with a fairly wide circle of the capital’s nobility.

The beginning of little Alexander's education

In 1802, Alexander entered the Moscow University boarding school, received several awards there for excellent teaching, and at the age of eleven he already became a candidate of literary sciences. Carefully studies many sciences.

All this is just a youthful biography of Griboyedov. Interesting facts about the writer's life concern more late period. The only point that needs to be noted is that, despite his excellent learning abilities, Alexander Sergeevich decides to devote himself to military service.

Beginning of a military career

Since 1812, the facts of Griboedov’s biography are directly related to military career. Initially, he was enrolled in Saltykov’s regiment, which spent the entire fall in the Kazan province, never joining the active army.

After the death of the count, this regiment was attached to the command of General Kologrivy. And Alexander ends up as his adjutant, where he becomes very close to Begichev. Without becoming a participant in a single battle, Griboyedov resigned and came to St. Petersburg.

Getting to know theatrical and literary circles

Enough interesting biography Griboyedov begins with a service at the State Collegium, where he meets the famous Kuchelbecker and Pushkin. At the same time, he begins to communicate in theatrical and literary communities.

Moreover, in 1816 Alexander became a member Masonic lodge, which included Pestel, Chaadaev and even the future head of the imperial chancellery Benckendorff.

Various intrigues and theatrical hobbies - all this includes further biography Griboedova. Interesting facts from this period of the writer’s life indicate that he was drawn into an unpleasant story connected with the dancer Istomina. Because of her, a duel took place between Sheremetyev and Zavadovsky, which ended in the death of the former.

This greatly influenced the future writer; life in St. Petersburg became simply unbearable for him, as rumors began to spread throughout the city that he was a pimp and a coward. And Alexander Griboedov, whose biography was impeccable in terms of courage and bravery, could no longer stand this.

Trip to the Caucasus

At the same time financial situation Griboyedov's mother's life was much worse, and he had to seriously think about his future. At the beginning of 1818, a Russian embassy was formed at the Persian court. And Alexander Sergeevich accepts a new appointment there as secretary. He took his new position quite seriously and began to intensively study Persian and Arabic, as well as get acquainted with various literature about the East.

Arriving in Tiflis, Griboedov immediately participates in a duel with Yakubovich, but, fortunately, no one was hurt. Moreover, the opponents immediately made peace. Soon, Alexander Sergeevich becomes the favorite of General Ermolov, sincere conversations constantly take place between them, which had a huge influence on Griboyedov.

Life and creativity in Tabriz

In 1819, the Russian mission arrived at the residence, which was located in Tabriz. Here Alexander wrote the first lines of the famous “Woe from Wit”.

It was at this time that the biography of Griboedov became particularly interesting, Interesting Facts which reports that the writer, despite the embitterment of the Persians, was able to achieve the release of seventy Russian soldiers and bring them to the territory of Tiflis. And General Ermolov even nominated Alexander Sergeevich for the award.

Griboyedov stayed here until 1823, citing the need for long-term treatment. Meanwhile, he continued studying oriental languages ​​and writing “Woe from Wit,” scenes of which, as they were being created, he read to his friend Kuchelbecker. This is how it was born not only famous work, but also new biography: Griboyedov is a writer and a great creator.

Homecoming

In 1823, in March, Alexander Sergeevich returned to Moscow and met with his friend Begichev. She remains to live in his house and continue to work on her work. Now he often reads his creation in literary circles, and with Prince Vyazemsky he even writes a vaudeville called “Who is Brother, Who is Sister, or Deception after Deception.”

Then the writer moves to St. Petersburg specifically in order to obtain permission to publish his creation. Unfortunately, it was not possible to publish the work in full, but some excerpts were published, which caused an avalanche of criticism.

And when Alexander Sergeevich read out his comedy in artistic circles, he received maximum positive emotions. But despite great connections, it was never possible to stage the comedy on stage.

Thus began to be born great writer Alexander Griboyedov, whose biography is now known to almost every schoolchild.

Decembrist Alexander Griboyedov

But the joy from the stunning success did not last long, Griboedov began to have sad thoughts more and more often, and he decided to go on a trip to the Crimea and visit Kyiv.

Alexander Sergeevich meets here with his friends - Trubetskoy and Bestuzhev-Ryumin, who are members of the secret society of Decembrists.

They immediately have the idea of ​​involving Alexander, but he then political views was not interested, but continued to enjoy the beauty of those places and studied all sorts of sights. But depression does not leave him, and at the end of September, Alexander Sergeevich joined the detachment of General Velyaminov. Here he writes his poem “Predators on Chegem”.

Soon Ermolov received a message that Alexander should be detained because of his involvement in the uprising, and he secretly told the writer about this. But despite this, the arrest still took place. This is how the Decembrist Griboyedov appeared. The biography is short but sad. Alexander spent about six months in prison, and then was not only released, but also invited to a reception with the king, where he asked in vain for pardon for his friends.

The further fate of the writer after the unsuccessful uprising

The first months of summer 1826 famous writer lived at Bulgarin's dacha. This is a particularly difficult period, and Griboyedov, whose biography and work these days are filled with sadness and pain for his executed and exiled comrades, decides to move to Moscow.

Here he finds himself in the thick of things. Ermolov is dismissed due to insufficient competence in commanding troops, and Alexander is transferred to the service of Paskevich. Very often, Griboyedov, a writer and poet, now began to experience attacks of fever and nervous attacks.

At this time, Russia and Turkey were launching military operations; a professional diplomat was needed in the East. Naturally, they send Alexander Sergeevich, despite the fact that he made every effort to refuse. Nothing helped.

In any literature where Griboyedov is mentioned (biography, photos and other information relating to his life), it is impossible to find any facts about why this talented person so urgently he was sent on this mission, which turned out to be fatal for him. Was this not the king's deliberate revenge for participating in the uprising for which he was accused? After all, it turns out then further fate Alexandra was already a foregone conclusion.

From the moment he was appointed to this position, Griboyedov begins to mope more and more, anticipating his imminent death. He constantly repeated even to his friends that this was where his grave would be. And on the sixth of June, Alexander Sergeevich leaves St. Petersburg forever. But in Tiflis there is a lot waiting for him. an important event. He marries Princess Chavchavadze, whom he had known for many years and knew her as a child.

Now his young wife accompanies Griboyedov; he constantly writes letters to friends filled with wonderful epithets about his young Nina. The writer arrived in Tehran already New Year's holidays, initially everything went well. But then because controversial issues Conflicts began regarding the prisoners, and already on January 30, a group of armed men, inspired by the Muslim clergy, attacked the premises in which the great writer and diplomat was located.

This is how Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was killed, whose biography and work ended completely unexpectedly for everyone. And they will forever remain an irreplaceable loss.