Information about the author Paustovsky. Interesting facts from the life of Paustovsky

The birth of a story

The winter day outside Moscow kept dozing, could not wake up after a long night. Somewhere in the dachas, lamps were burning. Snow fell.

The writer Muravyov went out to the platform of the carriage, opened the outer door and looked for a long time at the winter that was rushing past the train.

It was, perhaps, not winter, but what is called "winter" - a cloudy day, when damp wind gusts in, the thaw is about to begin and the first drops will fly from the thawed branches. On such days, springs are already cautiously ringing in the forest ravines under the ice. They carry a lot of air bubbles along with the water. Bubbles hurriedly run in silver strings, clinging to sluggish underwater grasses. And some gray bullfinch with a pink breast sits firmly on a branch above the spring, looks with one eye at the running bubbles, squeaks and shakes itself from the snow. So spring is coming!

There are days when life seems especially clear and harmonious to us. So it was now with Muravyov.

In the old days, writers liked to turn to readers with all kinds of questions.

Why not, thought Muravyov, contemporary writers not to use sometimes this good-natured reception? Why not, for example, start the story like this:

“Are you familiar, dear reader, with the feeling of inevitable happiness that takes possession of a person suddenly and without any reason? You are walking down the street, and suddenly your heart begins to beat loudly from the certainty that something wonderful has just happened on earth. Has it happened to you like this? Of course it did. Have you looked for the cause of this condition? Unlikely. But even if the premonition of happiness deceived you, then there was so much strength in it that it helped you live.

“Seeking and finding the causes of obscure but fruitful human states is the business of writers,” thought Muravyov. “This is one of our areas of work.”

Work! Everything was full of them around now. Thousand-ton freight trains rushed towards us in steam and roar. It was work. The plane went low, buzzing, over a snowy plain. It was also work. Steel power transmission masts, overgrown with frost, carried a powerful current into the darkness. And it was work.

“For the sake of what does a multi-million dollar, now covered with snow, great country work? thought Muravyov. - For the sake of what, finally, do I work?

For life? For the sake of high spiritual values? For the sake of a person being beautiful, simple and smart? In order, finally, for love to fill our days with its pure breath? Yes, for this!

Pushkin asked in his singing verses: “Who on the snows grew the delicate roses of Theocrite? In the iron age, tell me, who guessed the golden one?“

Of course we are, - Muravyov answered himself. Snow flew onto the platform of the car and melted on the face. “Who else but us!”

Muravyov wrote a story about labor for one of the Moscow magazines. He struggled with this story for a long time, but nothing came of it. Must be because detailed description labor pushed aside man. And without a person, the story turned out to be unbearably, boring. It seemed to Muravyov that the story did not stick because of the hectic Moscow life - phone calls, all kinds of business, guests and meetings.

In the end, Muraviev got angry and left the city. In one of the villages near Moscow, his friends had their own dacha. Ants decided to settle in this dacha and stay there until he finished the story.

Distant relatives of his friends lived at the dacha, but Muravyov never saw these relatives.

At the North Station, when Muravyov was walking along the platform to the commuter train, his heart suddenly began to beat dully and he thought that now, there would be luck in his work. He even now probably knew that she would be, this luck. He knew by many precise signs - by the freshness in his whole body, by his restrained excitement, by that special vigilance with which he now noticed and memorized everything around, by an impatient desire to quickly get to this unfamiliar dacha in order to sit down in silence at a table with a stack of clean thick paper, finally, due to the fact that fragments of his favorite poems constantly appeared in his memory: “The soul is embarrassed by lyrical excitement, trembles, and sounds, and seeks, as in a dream, to pour out, finally, free manifestation ...”

In such an agitated state, Muravyov got off the train onto a long country platform in a pine forest. There was no one on the platform. Only sparrows sat on the railings, ruffled, and looked displeasedly at the train. They didn't even step aside when Muravyov walked beside them and almost brushed them with his sleeve. Only one sparrow chirped something grumpily at Muravyov's back. “He must have scolded me for being rude,” thought Muravyov, looked back at the sparrow and said:

Just think - a big gentleman!

Sparrow looked long and contemptuously after Muravyov with a beady eye.

The dacha was three kilometers from the platform. Ants walked along a deserted road. Sometimes fields opened among the copses. The sky was pink above them.

Is it already sunset? - Muravyov said loudly and caught himself on the fact that here, outside the city, he began to talk to himself.

The day quickly faded with almost no glimmer of light. Not a single ray of sunlight broke through the dense darkness, did not fall on the frost-covered branches, did not play on them with pale fire and did not cast faint shadows on the snow.

The road descended into a ravine, to log bridges. A stream murmured beneath them.

Aha! - Ants said with incomprehensible joy and stopped. In a small gully in the ice, running dark water was visible, and under it - a rocky bottom.

Where do you get so much water in winter, mate? - asked Muravyov.

Brook, of course, did not answer. He continued to mutter, now fading away, then raising his voice to a ringing. Water broke off transparent pieces of ice and pushed them against each other.

Ants went down to the stream and began to beat off pieces of ice with a stick. The stream circled the broken ice and foamed.

“We still need to help the spring at least a little,” thought Muravyov, grinning at himself, and looked around. A girl in a blue ski suit stood on the footbridge and, sticking her sticks in the snow, looked attentively at Muravyov.

Muravyov was confused. What will this girl think of him? "Old bastard, but he is engaged in nonsense." She couldn't think of anything else, of course. But the girl bent down, hastily unfastened her skis and shouted to Muravyov:

Wait! It is better to break the ice with ski poles. They have iron tips!

She ran to the stream and handed Muravyov a ski pole. It turned out that it was much easier to beat the ice with this stick.

They broke the ice together with concentration and silence. Muravyov felt hot, he took off his mittens. Strands of hair were knocked out from under the girl's knitted hat.

Then, out of nowhere, a boy appeared in a hat with different sides headphones. Muravyov noticed him when, sniffing, he began to push with excitement and get under his feet.

Perhaps enough! - said, finally, Muravyov and straightened up. Thick twilight was already over the earth. “However, how quickly time has flown by,” thought Muravyov, looked at the girl and laughed. The girl shook off the snow from her mittens. She smiled back at him without looking up.

When they got out of the ravine onto the forest road, Muravyov got into a conversation with the girl. The boy trudged behind for some time, sniffling and sniffling.

It turned out that the girl lives with her father in the same dacha where Muravyov was going.

So you are a distant relative of my friends! - Ants said delightedly and introduced himself. The girl pulled off her damp mitten and held out her hand to Muravyov.

My name is Zhenya, - she said simply. - Dad and I have been waiting for you for the second day. I won't disturb you. True, you do not think ... Tomorrow is my last day of vacation. I will go to Moscow, to my institute. It's just dad...

What's dad? - Asked, on the alert, Muravyov.

He is my botanist and a terrible talker, - Zhenya answered. - But yesterday he gave an honest, most honest word that he would not pester you with conversations. I just don't know if it will last. The truth is, it's hard to resist.

Why is that? - asked Muravyov.

Zhenya walked next to Muravyov. She carried her skis on her shoulder and looked straight ahead. A faint light gleamed in her eyes and on the polished wide legs of her skis. Muravyov was surprised - where did this light come from? All around the fields, a gloomy darkness was already falling at night. Then Muravyov noticed that it was not a reflection of the snow, as he immediately thought, but a reflection of the wide illuminated window of a large two-story dacha. They were already approaching her.

Yes, so why is it so hard to keep from talking? - again asked Ants.

How can I tell you ... - Zhenya answered uncertainly. - I understand how it is built, for example, sea ship. Or how a thin linen comes out from under the fingers of a weaver. But I can't figure out how books are written. And dad doesn't get it either.

Yes, - drawled Muravyov. - You can't talk about it on the go.

Aren't you going to write about it? - Zhenya asked timidly, and Muravyov realized that if it were not for shyness, she would simply ask him to write about it. - After all, others write about their work.

Muravyov stopped, stared intently at Zhenya, screwing up his eyes, and suddenly smiled.

And you are great! How did you guess that I am writing ... or rather, I am going to write about this, about my writing work?

Yes, I had no idea, - Zhenya answered frightened. - I just said so. Really, I really want to know how people like Katyusha Maslova or Telegin from "Walking Through the Torments" suddenly appear and then live for centuries. That's what I asked.

But Muravyov no longer heard her words. The decision to write about my work came immediately. How had he not thought of this before! How could he languidly and coldly write about what he did not know and what he himself did not experience. Write and feel how the language stiffens and the words no longer sound, cause anger, tears, thoughts and laughter, but rattle like empty tin cans. What nonsense!

That same evening, without any regret, Muravyov threw into the stove, where dry birch firewood crackled hotly, everything written for last days in Moscow.

There was a thick pile on the table blank paper. Muraviev sat down at the table and began to write on the first page:

“The old botanist - a thin, restless and quick-moving person - told me tonight how plants behave under the snow, how coltsfoot shoots slowly make their way through the crust, and cold snowdrop flowers bloom above the very snow cover. Tomorrow he promises to take me to the forest, carefully remove the top layer of snow on any clearing and show me with my own eyes these winter and still pale flowers.

I am writing this story or essay - I myself do not know how to call everything that is now coming out from under my pen - about a phenomenon that has not yet been investigated by anyone, which bears the somewhat pompous name of creativity. I want to write about prose.

If we turn to the best examples prose, we will be convinced that they are full of genuine poetry. And picturesque.

Naive people, some poets with watery eyes full of dull dreams, still think that the fewer mysteries there are on earth, the more boring our existence becomes. It's all nonsense! I contend that poetry is born to a great extent out of knowledge. The amount of poetry is growing in full accordance with the amount of our knowledge. The fewer secrets, the more powerful the human mind, the more powerfully it perceives and transmits to others the poetry of our land.

An example of this is the story of an old botanist about the winter life of plants. You could write a great poem about it. It should be written in the same cold and white verses as snow flowers.

I want to affirm from the very beginning the idea that the sources of poetry and prose lie in two things - in knowledge and in the mighty human imagination.

Knowledge is a tuber. Unprecedented and eternal flowers of the imagination grow from it.

I beg your pardon for this smart comparison, but it seems to me that it is time to forget about our “highly cultured” prejudices that condemn smartness and many other equally good things. The whole point is to apply them to the place and in moderation.

Ants wrote without stopping. He was afraid to put down his pen even for a minute, so as not to stop the flow of thoughts and words.

He wrote about his work, the splendor and power of the Russian language, about the great masters of the word, about the fact that the whole world in all its amazing diversity should be repeated on the pages of books in its full reality, but passed through the crystal of the writer's mind and imagination, and therefore - more clear and conscious than in the noisy reality.

He wrote like a man possessed. He was in a hurry. Outside the windows, in a narrow strip of light from his window, sparse snow flew obliquely between the pines. He arose out of the darkness and immediately disappeared into that darkness.

“Now snow is flying outside the windows,” Muravyov wrote. - Water crystals fly by. We all know their complex and magnificent drawing. The person who came up with the shape of such crystals would deserve great fame. But there is nothing more fleeting and fragile than these crystals. To destroy them, one child's breath is enough.

Nature has an unheard-of generosity. She does not feel sorry for her strength. Something we, people, especially writers, should learn from nature. First of all - this generosity. To each of your things, even the smallest story, you must give all of yourself, all your strength without a trace - all the best that is in the soul. There is no place for thrift and calculation.

It is necessary, as the engineers say, to open all the locks. And never be afraid of that feeling of devastation that will inevitably come when the work is done. It will seem to you that you can no longer write a single line, that you are squeezed dry like a sponge. This is a false state. A week will pass, and you will again be drawn to paper. Again, before your mind's eye, the whole world will rustle.

How sea wave brings a shell to the shore or autumn leaf and again goes into the sea, quietly rattling with pebbles, so your consciousness will endure and put on paper in front of you the first word of your new work.

Muraviev wrote until morning. When he wrote last words, it was already blue outside the windows. Above the gloomy fields in the frosty smoke was breaking dawn.

They could hear the fire humming in the newly-lit stove below, and the cast-iron stove door rattling from the draft.

Muravyov wrote the last lines:

“Gorky said that you can’t write into the void. While working, you need to imagine that nice person to whom you tell all the best that has accumulated in your soul and heart. Then strong and fresh words will come.

Let us be grateful to Gorky for this simple and great advice.

In the morning Muraviev washed his face for a long time cold water from a bucket. Pieces of transparent ice floated in the water.

A spruce paw hung, bent from the snow, outside the window of a small washroom. The fresh, fluffy towel smelled of wind.

It was light and empty in my soul, - even as if something rang in my whole body.

In the afternoon, Muraviev went to see Zhenya to the station - she was leaving for Moscow, to her institute.

To be frank, - said Muravyov to Zhenya, when they approached the wooden platform in the forest, - I can already return to Moscow. But I will stay another two or three days. I'll rest.

Do you feel bad for us? Zhenya asked frightened.

No. You are wonderful here. Simply, I almost finished my story tonight.

Muravyov involuntarily said "almost finished." For some reason he was ashamed to admit that he had written the whole story in one night.

He wanted to tell Zhenya that he was in a hurry to have time to read this story to her before she left for Moscow, but he did not read it, he did not dare. He wanted to tell Zhenya that he was writing the story thinking of her, that Gorky was right, of course, that he was simply grateful to her, almost to a stranger, for the fact that she lives in the world and causes the need to tell her all the good things that he has accumulated in his soul.

But Muravyov did not say anything to Zhenya. He only firmly shook her hand in parting, looked into her embarrassed eyes and thanked her for her help.

For what help? Zhenya was surprised.

Before the arrival of the train, heavy snow fell. Far behind the semaphore, a locomotive screamed jubilantly and drawlingly. The train suddenly burst out of the snow, as if from a white enchanted country, and, grinding its brakes, stopped.

Zhenya was the last to go up to the platform. She did not go into the car, but stood in the doorway - flushed and smiling - and waved goodbye to Muravyov with her hand in a familiar green mitten.

The train went into the snow, enveloping the forest with steam. Ants stood on the platform and looked after him. And as at the North Station in Moscow, again he felt a dull heartbeat. Again came the sudden feeling that right now, somewhere here, nearby, on this earth, quiet under the seemingly light weight of flying snow, something very good happened, and he, Muravyov, is involved in this good, as an accomplice .

Fine! Muravyov said. - You can not live away from youth!

Ants went down the icy ladder from the platform and went to the stream to break the ice. ski pole he took with him.

Konstantin Paustovsky worked in factories, was a tram driver, a nurse, a journalist and even a fisherman ... Whatever the writer did, wherever he went, whoever he met, sooner or later all the events of his life became the topics of his literary works.

"Youthful poems" and the first prose

Konstantin Paustovsky was born in 1892 in Moscow. There were four children in the family: Paustovsky had two brothers and a sister. Father was often transferred to work, the family moved a lot, in the end they settled in Kyiv.

In 1904, Konstantin entered the First Kyiv Classical Gymnasium here. When he entered the sixth grade, his father left the family. To pay for his studies, the future writer had to earn extra money as a tutor.

In his youth, Konstantin Paustovsky was fond of the work of Alexander Green. In his memoirs, he wrote: “My state could be defined in two words: admiration for the imaginary world and longing because of the inability to see it. These two feelings prevailed in my youthful poems and in my first immature prose. In 1912, Paustovsky's first story "On the Water" was published in the Kiev almanac "Lights".

In 1912, the future writer entered the Faculty of History and Philology of Kyiv University. After the outbreak of the First World War, he moved to Moscow: his mother, sister and one of the brothers lived here. However, during the war, Paustovsky almost did not study: at first he worked as a tram leader, then he got a job on an ambulance train.

“In the autumn of 1915, I transferred from the train to a field medical detachment and went with him a long retreat from Lublin in Poland to the town of Nesvizh in Belarus. In the detachment, from a greasy piece of newspaper that came across to me, I learned that on the same day two of my brothers were killed on different fronts. I was left completely alone with my mother, except for my half-blind and sick sister.
Konstantin Paustovsky

After the death of the brothers, Konstantin returned to Moscow, but not for long. He traveled from city to city, working in factories. In Taganrog, Paustovsky became a fisherman in one of the artels. Subsequently, he said that the sea made him a writer. Here Paustovsky began to write his first novel, Romantics.

During his travels, the writer met Ekaterina Zagorskaya. When she lived in the Crimea, the inhabitants of the Tatar village called her Hatice, and Paustovsky also called her: “I love her more than my mother, more than myself ... Hatice is an impulse, an edge of the divine, joy, longing, illness, unprecedented achievements and torment ...” In 1916, the couple got married. Paustovsky's first son, Vadim, was born 9 years later, in 1925.

Konstantin Paustovsky

"Profession: to know everything"

During the October Revolution, Konstantin Paustovsky was in Moscow. For some time he worked here as a journalist, but soon he again went to fetch his mother - this time to Kyiv. Having survived several upheavals of the Civil War here, Paustovsky moved to Odessa.

“In Odessa, I first got into the environment of young writers. Among the employees of the "Sailor" were Kataev, Ilf, Bagritsky, Shengeli, Lev Slavin, Babel, Andrey Sobol, Semyon Kirsanov, and even the elderly writer Yushkevich. In Odessa, I lived near the sea and wrote a lot, but I have not yet published, believing that I have not yet achieved the ability to master any material and genre. Soon the “muse of distant wanderings” took possession of me again. I left Odessa, lived in Sukhum, Batumi, Tbilisi, was in Erivan, Baku and Julfa, until finally I returned to Moscow.”
Konstantin Paustovsky

In 1923, the writer returned to Moscow and became an editor at the Russian Telegraph Agency. During these years, Paustovsky wrote a lot, his stories and essays were actively published. The author's first collection of short stories "Oncoming Ships" was published in 1928, at the same time the novel "Shining Clouds" was written. Konstantin Paustovsky during these years collaborates with many periodicals: he works in the Pravda newspaper and several magazines. The writer spoke of his journalistic experience as follows: "Profession: to know everything."

“The consciousness of responsibility for millions of words, the rapid pace of work, the need to accurately and accurately regulate the flow of telegrams, to select one of a dozen facts and switch it to all cities - all this creates that nervous and restless mental organization, which is called the “temperament of a journalist”.
Konstantin Paustovsky

"Tale of Life"

In 1931, Paustovsky finished the story "Kara-Bugaz". After its publication, the writer left the service and devoted all his time to literature. IN next years he traveled the country, wrote a lot works of art and essays. In 1936, Paustovsky divorced. The second wife of the writer was Valeria Valishevskaya-Navashina, whom he met shortly after the divorce.

During the war, Paustovsky was at the front - a war correspondent, then he was transferred to TASS. Simultaneously with work in Information agency Paustovsky wrote the novel "Smoke of the Fatherland", stories, plays. The Moscow Chamber Theater, evacuated to Barnaul, staged a play based on his work Until the Heart Stops.

Paustovsky with his son and wife Tatyana Arbuzova

The third wife of Konstantin Paustovsky was the actress of the Meyerhold Theater Tatyana Evteeva-Arbuzova. They met when both were married and both left their spouses to create new family. Paustovsky wrote to his Tatyana that "such love has not yet been in the world." They married in 1950, and their son Alexei was born the same year.

A few years later, the writer went on a trip to Europe. While traveling, he wrote travel essays and stories: "Italian Encounters", "Fleeting Paris", "Channel Lights". The book "Golden Rose", dedicated to literary creativity, came out in 1955. In it, the author tries to comprehend "the amazing and beautiful area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity." In the mid-1960s, Paustovsky completed his autobiographical Tale of Life, in which he talks, among other things, about his creative path.

“... Writing has become for me not only an occupation, not only a job, but a state own life, my inner state. I often found myself living as if inside a novel or a story.
Konstantin Paustovsky

In 1965, Konstantin Paustovsky was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but Mikhail Sholokhov received it that year.

IN last years Konstantin Paustovsky suffered from asthma during his life, he had several heart attacks. In 1968, the writer died. According to the will, he was buried in the cemetery in Tarusa.

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky - Russian Soviet writer; modern readers V more know such a facet of his work as novels and stories about nature for a children's audience.

Paustovsky was born on May 31 (May 19, O.S.) in Moscow, his father was a descendant of a Cossack family, worked as a railway statistician. Their family was quite creative, they played the piano here, often sang, loved theatrical performances. As Paustovsky himself said, his father was an incorrigible dreamer, so his places of work, and, accordingly, his residence changed all the time

In 1898, the Paustovsky family settled in Kyiv. The writer called himself "a resident of Kyivian," many years of his biography were associated with this city, it was in Kyiv that he took place as a writer. The place of study of Konstantin was the 1st Kiev classical gymnasium. As a student of the last class, he wrote his first story, which was published. Even then, the decision came to him to be a writer, but he could not imagine himself in this profession without accumulating life experience, "go to life." He had to do this also because his father left his family when Konstantin was in the sixth grade, the teenager was forced to take care of supporting his relatives.

In 1911, Paustovsky was a student at the Faculty of History and Philology at Kiev University, where he studied until 1913. Then he transferred to Moscow, to the university, but already to the Faculty of Law, although he did not complete his studies: his studies were interrupted by the First World War. Its like younger son in the family, he was not drafted into the army, but he worked as a carriage driver on a tram, on an ambulance train. On the same day, while on different fronts, two of his brothers died, and because of this, Paustovsky came to his mother in Moscow, but stayed there only for a while. At that time, he had a variety of jobs: Novorossiysk and Bryansk metallurgical plants, a boiler plant in Taganrog, a fishing artel on Azov, etc. During his leisure hours, Paustovsky worked on his first story, Romantics, during 1916-1923. (it will be published in Moscow only in 1935).

When the February Revolution began, Paustovsky returned to Moscow, collaborated with newspapers as a reporter. Here I met October revolution. In the post-revolutionary years, he made a large number of trips around the country. IN civil war the writer ended up in Ukraine, where he was called to serve in the Petliura, and then in the Red Army. Then, for two years, Paustovsky lived in Odessa, working in the editorial office of the Moryak newspaper. From there, carried away by a thirst for distant wanderings, he went to the Caucasus, lived in Batumi, Sukhumi, Yerevan, Baku.

The return to Moscow took place in 1923. Here he worked as the editor of ROSTA, and in 1928 his first collection of stories was published, although some stories and essays had been published separately before. In the same year, he wrote his first novel, Shining Clouds. In the 30s. Paustovsky is a journalist for several publications at once, in particular, the Pravda newspaper, Our Achievement magazines, etc. These years are also filled with numerous travels around the country, which provided material for many works of art.

In 1932, his story "Kara-Bugaz" was published, which became a turning point. She makes the writer famous, in addition, from that moment Paustovsky decides to become a professional writer and leaves his job. As before, the writer travels a lot, during his life he traveled almost the entire USSR. Meshchera became his favorite corner, to which he dedicated many inspirational lines.

When the Great Patriotic War began, Konstantin Georgievich also happened to visit many places. On the Southern Front, he worked as a war correspondent, without leaving literature. In the 50s. Paustovsky's place of residence was Moscow and Tarus on the Oka. Postwar years his creative path is marked by an appeal to the theme of writing. During 1945-1963. Paustovsky worked on the autobiographical Tale of Life, and these 6 books were the main work of his entire life.

In the mid 50s. Konstantin Georgievich becomes a world-famous writer, the recognition of his talent goes beyond the borders of his native country. The writer gets the opportunity to travel all over the continent, and he takes advantage of it with pleasure, having traveled to Poland, Turkey, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Greece, etc. In 1965, he lived on the island of Capri for quite a long time.

In 1965 he was a nominee for Nobel Prize in literature, but at the request of the Soviet government was replaced by M. Sholokhov. Paustovsky - holder of the orders "Lenin" and the Red Banner of Labor, was awarded big amount medals.

Tver Pedagogical College

By academic discipline"Children's literature"

Theme "Life and creative way K.G. Paustovsky"

Completed by: external student

by specialty preschool education

Remizova Natalia Alexandrovna

Teacher S.P. Dydyuk

Introduction

Chapter I. Life and creative path of K.G. Paustovsky

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky is a writer in whose work high poetry inextricably and organically merges with the educational trend. He was convinced that "in any field human knowledge lies the abyss of poetry." Paustovsky is a generally recognized master of the word, who considered writing a vocation, to which one should devote oneself entirely.

To have the right to write, you need to know life well, - the future writer decided as a young man and went on a trip around the country, eagerly absorbing impressions. The researcher of Paustovsky's work L. Krementsov noted that the writer was allowed to grow into a major master, first of all psychological type his personality - unusually emotional and at the same time strong-willed, and besides, an excellent memory, a keen interest in people, in art, in nature; over the years - and broad erudition, culture, the richest life experience.

Chapter 1. Life and creative path of K.G. Paustovsky

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky was born in Moscow on May 31 in Granatny Lane. In addition to him, the family had three more children - two brothers and a sister. The family sang a lot, played the piano, reverently loved the theater. Paustovsky's mother was a domineering and unkind woman. All her life she held "firm views", which boiled down mainly to the tasks of raising children. His father served in the administration railway, was an incorrigible dreamer and a Protestant. Because of these qualities, he did not stay long in one place and the family often moved: after Moscow, they lived in Pskov, Vilna, Kyiv. Parents divorced when Konstantin was in the sixth grade, and the boy was sent to Ukraine to his grandfather's family, former soldier, and Turkish grandmothers. From then on, he himself had to earn his living and teaching. When the time came, the boy entered the First Kyiv Classical Gymnasium. Russian literature was a favorite subject, and, according to the writer himself, it took more time to read books than to prepare lessons.

In 1911, in the last class of the gymnasium, K.G. Paustovsky wrote his first story, and it was published in the Kiev literary magazine Ogni. Since then, the decision to become a writer took possession of him firmly, and he began to subordinate his life to this one goal.

After graduating from the gymnasium, he spent two years at Kiev University, and then in 1914 he transferred to Moscow University and moved to Moscow. But started World War did not allow him to complete his education, he went to the front as an orderly on the rear and field hospital trains, and many later recalled with kind words the skillful hands of this man. Paustovsky changed many professions: he was a leader and conductor of the Moscow tram, a teacher of the Russian language and a journalist, a worker at metallurgical plants, and a fisherman.

From 1923, he worked for several years as an editor at ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency). Paustovsky retained his editorial acumen for the rest of his life: he was an attentive and sensitive reader of young authors. But the writer was very critical of his own works; many recall how, after reading his new work, even if the audience received it enthusiastically, he could destroy what was written at night.

In the twenties, his work was expressed in the collections of short stories and essays Sea Sketches (1925), Minetosa (1927), Oncoming Ships (1928) and in the novel Shining Clouds (1929). Their heroes are people of a romantic warehouse, who cannot stand the daily routine and strive for adventure.

The writer recalled childhood and youth in the books "Distant Years", "Restless Youth", "Romantics". His first works were full of bright exotic colors. This is explained by the fact that in childhood around him "the wind of the extraordinary" constantly roared around him and he was pursued by "the desire for the extraordinary." In the 1930s, Paustovsky turned to historical theme and the genre of the story ("The Fate of Charles Lonsevil", "Northern Tale"). By the same time, there are works that are considered examples of artistic and educational prose: "Colchis" (1934), "Black Sea" (1936), "Meshcherskaya Side" (1930). In the work of Paustovsky, for the first time, the story, essay, local history and scientific description.

After Paustovsky settled in Moscow, almost no major events happened in his life. Only in the thirties, following the example of other writers, he decided to renew his life impressions and went to the great construction sites of the time. The novels "Kara-Bugaz" (1932) and "Colchis" (1934) that appeared after that brought him fame. They finally decided main idea creativity of the writer - a person must carefully and reverently treat the land on which he lives. In order to write the story "Kara-Bugaz", Paustovsky traveled almost the entire coast of the Caspian Sea. Many of the heroes of the story are real faces, and the facts are genuine.

Since 1934, Paustovsky's works have been mainly devoted to describing nature and depicting people of creative work. He discovers a special country, Meshchera - an area located south of Moscow - the region between Vladimir and Ryazan - where he first arrived in 1930. Paustovsky called the Meshchersky region his second home. There he lived (intermittently) for more than twenty years, and there, according to him, he touched folk life, to the purest origins of the Russian language. “I found the greatest, simplest and most unsophisticated happiness in the forested Meshchersky region,” wrote Konstantin Georgievich. “The happiness of being close to your land, concentration and inner freedom, favorite thoughts and hard work.” That's why it was so strong influence forest region on the writer's consciousness of Paustovsky, the mood of his images, on the poetics of his works.

What the reader did not learn from the descriptions of the then little-studied region! About its old map, which has to be corrected, the course of its rivers and canals has changed so much; about lakes with mysterious water different color; about the forests, "majestic as cathedrals". There are birds, and fish, and a she-wolf with cubs, and the skull of a fossil deer with a span of two and a half meters of horns ... But the main thing that remains in the soul of the reader is the feeling of touching the mystery. To the secret of the charm of Russian nature, when “in an extraordinary, never heard of silence, dawn is born ... Everything is still sleeping ... And only owls fly around the fire slowly and silently, like clods of white fluff.” Or when “the sunset burns heavily on the crowns of the trees, gilding them with ancient gilding. And below, at the foot of the pines, it is already dark and deaf. They fly silently and seem to look into the face the bats. Some incomprehensible ringing is heard in the forests - the sound of the evening, the burnt out day.

"Meshcherskaya side" begins with the assurance that in this region "there are no special beauties and riches, except for forests, meadows and clear air." But the more you get to know this “quiet and unwise land under a dim sky”, the more and more, “almost to the point of pain in your heart”, you begin to love it. The writer comes to this idea at the end of the story. He believed that touching the native nature, its knowledge is the key to true happiness and the lot of the "initiated", and not the ignorant. “A person who knows, for example, the life of plants and the laws flora much happier than the one who cannot even distinguish alder from aspen, or clover from plantain.”

A close look at all manifestations of human life and nature did not muffle the romantic sound of Paustovsky's prose. He said that romance does not contradict a keen interest in and love for the "rough life"; in almost all areas of human activity, the golden seeds of romance are laid.

Everything that attracted the writer from childhood was there - “deep forests, lakes, winding forest rivers, swamps, abandoned roads and even inns. K.G. Paustovsky wrote that he "owes many of his stories to Meshchera," summer days”, “Meshcherskaya side” and “The Tale of the Forests”.

Over the years of his writing life he was on the Kola Peninsula, traveled the Caucasus and Ukraine, the Volga, Kama, Don, Dnieper, Oka and Desna, Lake Ladonezh and Onega, was in Central Asia, in Altai, in Siberia, in our wonderful northwest - in Pskov, Novgorod, Vitebsk, in Pushkin's Mikhailovsky, in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus. Impressions from these numerous trips, from meetings with the most diverse and - in each individual case - in their own way interesting people formed the basis of many of his stories and travel essays.

Each of his books is a collection of many people different ages, nationalities, occupations, characters and actions. In addition to separate books about Levitan, Taras Shevchenko, he has chapters of novels and short stories, stories and essays dedicated to Gorky, Tchaikovsky, Chekhov, Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov and others. But still, he wrote more often about simple and obscure - about artisans, shepherds, ferrymen, forest rangers, watchmen and village children.

An important part of Paustovsky's work was artistic biographies"Orest Kiprensky" (1937), "Isaac Levitan" (1937) and "Taras Shevchenko" (1939), as well as a collection of essays "Golden Rose", the main theme of which was creativity.

Paustovsky, unlike many other writers, never wrote on the topic of the day. Even in the thirties, when many responded, for example, to events related to the conquest of the North, Paustovsky wrote primarily about the fate of people associated with this region - "The Northern Tale" (1938).

Paustovsky was a great storyteller, he knew how to see and discover the world in a new way, he always talked about the good, the bright and the beautiful. Therefore, it is no coincidence that he began to write for children.

A feature of Paustovsky was a romantic perception of the world. True, he managed to remain realistically concrete. A close look at all manifestations of human life and nature did not muffle the romantic sound of Paustovsky's prose. He said that romance does not contradict a keen interest in and love for the "rough life"; in almost all areas of human activity, the golden seeds of romance are laid.

The grains of romance are scattered with great generosity in Paustovsky's short stories about children. In Badger's Nose (1935), the boy is endowed with special hearing and vision: he hears fish whispering; he sees the ants ferry across a stream of pine bark and cobwebs. It is not surprising that it was given to him to see how a badger treats a burnt nose, thrusting it into the wet and cold dust of an old pine stump. In the story "Lenka from the Small Lake" (1937), the boy really wants to know what the stars are made of, and fearlessly sets off through the swamps to look for the "meteor". The story is full of admiration for the boy’s irrepressibility, his sharp powers of observation: “Lenka was the first, out of many hundreds of people I met in my life, to tell me where and how the fish sleeps, how dry swamps smolder under the ground for years, how the old pine blossoms and how together small spiders make autumn flights with birds. The hero of both stories had real prototype- a little friend of the writer Vasya Zotov. Paustovsky returned to his image more than once, endowing different names. In the story " hare paws"(1937), for example, he is Vanya Malyavin, tenderly caring for a hare with paws scorched during a forest fire.

An atmosphere of kindness and humor fills Paustovsky's stories and fairy tales about animals. A red-haired thieving cat (“Cat-thief”, 1936), who has plagued people for a long time with his incredible tricks and, finally. Caught "red-handed", instead of punishment he receives a "wonderful dinner" and turns out to be capable even of " noble deeds". The puppy gnawed the cork of the rubber boat, and "a thick jet of air burst out of the valve with a roar, like water from a fire hose, hit in the face, raised Murzik's fur and threw him into the air." For the "hooligan trick" the puppy was punished - they did not take it to the lake. But he performs a "puppy feat": one runs at night through the forest to the lake. And now "Murzikin's furry muzzle, wet with tears" is pressed against the narrator's face ("Rubber Boat", 1937).

Communication between people and animals should be built on the basis of love and respect, the writer is convinced. If this principle is violated - as in the fairy tale "Warm Bread" (1945), then the most terrible events. The boy Filka offended the wounded horse, and then a severe frost fell on the village. Only Filka's sincere repentance, his ardent desire to atone for his guilt, finally led to the "warm wind" blowing out. The romantic sharpness of the narration, characteristic of Paustovsky's writing style, manifests itself already at the very beginning of the tale: “A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes. The horse neighed plaintively, drawlingly, waved its tail, and immediately howled in the bare trees, in the hedges and chimneys, a piercing wind whistled, snow blew, powdered Filka's throat.

Characteristic Paustovsky's fairy tales are a skillful mixture of the real and the miraculous. Petya grazes collective farm calves, watches beavers and birds, looks at flowers and herbs. But here the story of an attack by an old bear on a herd is woven into the narrative. All the animals and birds are on the side of Petya and fiercely fight with the bear, in human language threatening him with reprisal ("Dense Bear", 1948). The ordinary life of the girl Masha in The Disheveled Sparrow (1948) runs in parallel with fabulous life birds - an old crow and a lively sparrow Pashka. A crow stole a bunch of glass flowers from Masha, and a sparrow took it away and brought it to the stage of the theater, where Masha's mother is dancing.

Fairy tale characters Paustovsky - “artel peasants”, a tree frog or a “caring flower” - help people, as in folk tales in return for being kind to them. This is how the traditional didactic direction of his works intended for children is manifested. Harmony human feelings and beauty in nature - this is the ideal of K.G. Paustovsky.

Words by Konstantin Paustovsky “People usually go into nature, as if on vacation. I thought that life in nature should be a permanent state” can be a kind of leitmotif of the writer’s work. In Russian prose, he remained primarily a singer of the nature of the Central Russian strip.

For example, his fairy tales "Steel Ring" (1946), "Dense Bear" (1948), "Disheveled Sparrow" (1948) or "Warm Bread" (1954).

In his manner, Paustovsky turned out to be close to Andersen: he also knew how to see the unusual in the ordinary, his works are always eventful, and any incident seems unusual, coming out of the usual series of things. Animals and birds are able to conduct a very interesting dialogue with a person, while the main author's idea is always expressed unobtrusively and subtly. Paustovsky’s tales are distinguished by some special grace, they are written in a simple and capacious language: “The music sang loudly and cheerfully about happiness”, “At night, chilled wolves howled in the forest”, “Just like snow, happy dreams and fairy tales fall on people ".

The circle of children's reading included many of Paustovsky's works written about nature. The last years of the master’s work were devoted to the creation of a six-volume epic about the years experienced, it was called “The Tale of Life”, it included several works by Paustovsky starting from 1945, when “Distant Years” were written. The next work from this cycle - "Restless Youth" - was published in 1955, two years later - "The Beginning of an Unknown Age", two more years later in 1959 - "A Time of Great Expectations". In 1960, "Throw to the South" appeared, and in 1963 - "The Book of Wanderings".

In life, Paustovsky was an unusually courageous person. His eyesight was constantly deteriorating, the writer was tormented by asthma. But he tried not to show how hard it was for him, although his character was quite complicated. Friends tried their best to help him.

Conclusion

Into history domestic literature Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky entered as an inimitable master of the word, a magnificent connoisseur of Russian speech, who tried to preserve its freshness and purity.

The works of Paustovsky after their appearance became very popular among young readers. Noted Critic children's literature A. Roskin noticed that if Chekhov's heroes from the story "Boys" read Paustovsky, they would not have fled to America, but to Kara-Bugaz, to the Caspian Sea - the influence of his works on young souls was so strong.

His books teach to love native nature, to be observant, to see the unusual in the ordinary and be able to fantasize, to be kind, honest, able to admit and correct one’s own fault, other important human qualities which are so necessary in life.

In Russian prose, he remained primarily a singer of the nature of the Central Russian strip.

Bibliography

1. Arzamastseva I.N. Children's literature: a textbook for students. higher ped. textbook establishments. M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2007.

2. Paustovsky K.G. Poetic radiance. Tales. Stories. Letters. M .: "Young Guard", 1976.

3. Paustovsky K.G. Tales. Stories. Fairy tales. Publishing House "Children's Literature" Moscow, 1966.

4. Paustovsky K.G. Hare paws: Stories and tales M .: Det. lit., 1987.

Konstantin Paustovsky is a classic in the literature of the twentieth century. All works are read with pleasure by adults, and children embody human and literary nobility. Paustovsky was born in Moscow in an intelligent family, theatergoers who love to play the piano and sing. He died at seventy-six. He studied in Kyiv in a classical gymnasium. His parents divorced and he had to work as a teacher.

After graduating from high school, he entered the Kiev University at the Faculty of Law, but dreamed of becoming a writer. For himself, he decided that for writing, you need to "go into life" and gain life experience. In Moscow, he works as a carriage driver, then gets a job as an orderly on a rear train, replaces a lot different professions, was even a fisherman on the Sea of Azov.

In his free time, he wrote short stories. During the revolution, he worked in Moscow as a reporter for a newspaper and described events. During Patriotic War he is a war correspondent. After the war, Paustovsky engaged in literary activity and writes: novels, short stories, as well as short stories and fairy tales for children. The book "Stories and tales about animals and nature." Famous stories included:

Adventures of a rhinoceros beetle;
tree frog;
steel ring;
Badger nose and other works.

Read Paustovsky's biography for grade 3

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky was born on May 31, 1892 in Moscow. He grew up in the family of Georgy Maksimovich Paustovsky and Maria Grigoryevna Paustovskaya, had two brothers and a sister. In 1904 he entered the Kyiv gymnasium. Geography and literature were my favorite subject in the gymnasium.

In 1912, having changed his place of residence and schools many times, the young man began his studies at the Faculty of History and Philology of Kyiv University, finishing 2 courses. After the outbreak of the First World War, he was transferred to Moscow University, but soon left it and began to work. Having changed many professions, he gets a job as a nurse at the front, participates in the retreat of the Russian army. After the death of his brothers, he returns to Moscow to his mother and sister, but does not stay there for a long time. The young man travels all over the south of Russia, lives in Odessa for two years, working in the Mayak newspaper, and then leaves Odessa, leaves for the Caucasus, also visiting northern Persia.

In 1923 he returned to the capital. For a couple of years he worked as an editor in a telegraph agency and began to publish. He also spends the 1930s traveling around the country, releasing many essays and stories. During the Great Patriotic War, he became a military journalist and served on the Southern Front. In August 1941, he completed his service in order to work on a play for the Moscow art theater, moves to Alma-Ata, where he sits down to write the play “Until the Heart Stops” and the novel “Smoke of the Fatherland”.

In the 1950s he lived in Moscow and Tarusa, becoming one of the compilers of the collections Literary Moscow and Tarusa Pages. After receiving worldwide recognition, he travels around Europe, living on the island of Capri. In 1966, he signed a letter from scientists and cultural figures about the inadmissibility of Stalin's rehabilitation. Dies July 14, 1968 in Moscow after a protracted illness with asthma.

For children grade 3, grade 4, grade 5.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.

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