The role of youth education in the modern world. The role of youth in modern society: development conditions, interests and hobbies Way to the future

A generation of young people has formed in Russia, which is very different from its predecessors. The image of a young careerist, clearly displayed in the Megafon advertisement - "The future depends on you", - remained in the 90s. The generation of the 2000s is indifferent to a career, rejects mass culture and unbridled consumerism. For part of today's youth, the slogan "The future does not depend on you" is more relevant.

The word "youth" should be written with two letters "g". The Internet LiveJournal (LJ) has become a habitat for thousands of young people. They argue about the structure of the world and complain about yesterday's hangover. Revolutions are being prepared there and marriages are being destroyed... Virtual diaries are a real treasure for sociologists. Where else can one find such an array of texts created by a “common man”?!

I decided to use this unique material. I bring to your attention my conclusions. In some ways they can be considered controversial. But at the very least, this study raises questions about what the “LJ generation” is all about. And certainly this method of study is much more productive than endless polls on the topic “What is more important to you - high earnings or spiritual harmony?”.

I myself defined the subject of my research as follows: “I set the task of studying the most advanced part of the youth. But not “golden” and not “bohemian”. Such groups were, are and will be regardless of the blogosphere. They can be called trendsetters, that is, people who broadcast cultural innovations to the wider masses. I proceeded from the fact that it was the blogosphere that became the main channel for the dissemination of trends. In Moscow, St. Petersburg and million-plus cities, trendsetters are somehow connected with the blogosphere.”

Trend 1

From careerism to indifference

The generation of the 90s worked extremely hard. Plans for building a career were hatched at a very young age - they thought about this already in the tenth grade, and even more so in the first year of the institute. Any work was evaluated, first of all, in terms of its prospects for a future career, and the transition from one job to another - in terms of how it will look new line in resume.

Of course, there were a lot of exceptions, but the general mood was just that. Many young people were willing to work 20 hours a day. Positions of top managers in leading corporations or a coveted own business loomed ahead.

Today's youth is indifferent to a career. She does not accept a job that is motivated solely by making money and does not provide an opportunity for self-expression, does not want to work in an office, on a clear schedule, and is generally not ready to devote most of her time to work.

“People who are concerned about money are mostly older generations who have lived through poverty. I like people who earn themselves within the reach. There is money - good, no money - bad, we will try to earn. I am one of them"

Young people of the 90s dreamed of becoming bankers, lawyers, commercial and financial directors. The professional ideal of the youth of the 2000s is a journalist, designer, programmer, PR manager. Freelancing has become a bright sign of the times.

Starting your own business is perhaps the only thing that today's young people want as much as their peers 10 years ago. However, if the youth of the 90s tried in every possible way to develop their own business in order to turn it into a large enterprise in the future and enter the business elite, then today's young people do not want to spend time and energy on this. They are quite satisfied with a small business, which gives them financial independence and the opportunity to do what they love on a free schedule.

The youth of the 90s took on any business - from diaper sales to private cabs. Modern young people are not ready to drastically change their lifestyle and social circle, even if it promises considerable profit. As a rule, they create their own small enterprises in areas that are familiar to them, and where they do not have to spend time establishing relevant connections.

“I devote my free time to the same thing that I devote my working time to, only these are no longer custom projects, but for the soul, so to speak. That is, when it appears, the time, that is, I either photograph, or process the already photographed, or draw, since the easel is always at hand, or I go to draw plasters in the studio, or I read, or I glue something ...; It is extremely difficult for me to sit still for a long time ... "

The main reason that the "career" option began to lose its appeal for young people was the awareness of the "limits of growth." In the 90s, the skies seemed open. Ten years later, most young people are well aware that there is a well-defined "ceiling", above which it is almost impossible to rise. The "social lift" that provided rapid vertical movement in the 90s stopped in the 2000s.

Economic stabilization also contributed to the decrease in the attractiveness of the "career" option. Modern young people are not afraid to be left without a livelihood. They understand that they can always find some work. The generation of the 90s faced an alternative: work or living and poverty. The generation of the 2000s is characterized by a different alternative: exhausting and exhausting work to build a career, or calm, “easy” creative work for pleasure.

The devaluation of the value of a career in the minds of young people is indirectly related to the growth of the value of freedom. For the youth of the 90s, freedom also had a certain value, but it was interpreted very narrowly - as an opportunity not to depend financially on anyone, to buy various goods and services, etc.

The youth of the 2000s understand freedom as independence from any circumstances and as spontaneity - the ability to change work, place of residence, lifestyle. For today's young people, freedom is one of the key values, and a free lifestyle is the exact opposite of "corporate slavery."

trend 2

Escape from mass culture

On the one hand, modern young people are children of mass culture, and they are well aware of this. On the other hand, they do their best to distance themselves from this culture.

Modern young people are clearly aware of their cultural "advancement", this is a matter of their pride. From their point of view, all other "average" inhabitants are distinguished by a low level of education and culture, a lack of interests and hobbies, with the exception of primitive consumerism. Their attitude is rather arrogant.

For the youth of the 90s, the object of constant irony was the so-called scoop, that is, a very limited, conservative, unenterprising person. For young people of the 2000s, the objects of ridicule are "gopniks", "glamorous kitties" (girls whose meaning of life is entertainment and consumption) and "office plankton" (managers of all stripes who spend most of their lives in the office, doing routine and uninteresting work) .

The negative attitude towards these three socio-cultural groups is caused not only by the rejection of their way of life and values, but also by their absolute stereotypedness, the absence of any kind of individuality.

Television (especially humorous programs, serials and reality shows) is considered an example of "dullness", mass character and stereotypedness. The vast majority of modern young people watch TV quite rarely, and even then solely for the purpose of laughing at the "stars" of the air.

"Modern culture. Well, firstly, the culture of conformism and the absorption of the individual by the masses. Availability of music, art, etc. makes it not the property of a few, but the lot of many. From there comes the devastation of art."

The genre of parody of TV programs and their characters is extremely popular among young people. For example, one of the largest blogging communities is the foto_zaba community, whose members use the Photoshop graphics editor to remake pictures from popular TV shows and movies. Yevgeny Petrosyan, Ksenia Sobchak and Vladimir Putin enjoy special “love” of “gills”.

Another topic for mockery is also advertising. Logos, commercials, slogans are being redesigned. An example of such a transformation was the new corporate identity of MTS. The number of alterations, parodies and jokes on the topic of "red eggs" exceeded a thousand.

Parodies of mass culture are sometimes extremely cynical, but this is a reaction to the falsity of mass culture itself. A certain vague feeling is formed in the youth environment, which can be called a longing for romanticism and true values.

Being often ostentatiously cynical, young people try their best to avoid insincerity in relationships with relatives and friends. Hence the extremely negative attitude to the "secular" style of communication a la "Dom-2", as well as to advertising, which with sublime words covers up the banal desire to sell a product or service.

“Now in our world, unfortunately, there is a lot of insincerity, and very often people hide some selfish goals and interests behind the concept of “friendship”. Plus, it seems to me that people are so preoccupied with their problems, of which everyone has a great many, that sometimes there is no time to just ask a friend how he is doing.

Another indication of the "longing for romance" is mythological image the Soviet past, which has been formed by today's young people. The USSR appears in an idealized form as a society where there were no national conflicts, terrorism and drug addiction, where feelings were sincere, and people were naive and disinterested.

“If you were a kid in the 60s, 70s or 80s, looking back, it’s hard to believe we made it to this day… Our cribs were painted bright colors With high content lead. There were no secret lids on medicine bottles, doors were often not locked, and cupboards were never locked. We drank water from a pump on the corner, not from plastic bottles. No one could have thought of riding a bike with a helmet on. Horror"

The theme of the pre-perestroika period is also closely related to the search for one's own identity, since the answer to the question "who am I?" excites modern bloggers quite strongly.

trend 3

Politics without politics

The attitude towards politics also reflects the desire to distance oneself from the “mass character”. Young people just ignore any form political activity. They do not participate in the elections because, in their opinion, the result of the elections does not in any way depend on their participation.

“I am only concerned about those world problems that are directly related to me, but in general, the expression “even a flood after us” is quite practical”

Any form of political activity - both right and left - becomes the object of satire no less acute than in the case of television and pop music. For example, the pro-government youth association Nashi is ridiculed for sticking to pompous slogans.

Left-wing political activists of the national-Bolshevik persuasion cause a little more sympathy. Readiness for self-sacrifice, real, and not ostentatious suffering of the National Bolsheviks for the idea cause respect among young people. As a rule, people do not mock the "leftists", but their convictions are not shared. After all, left-wing activists are also in the thrall of mass culture. Nationalist movements are rather sharply rejected. The vast majority of members of the blogging community are internationalists. Their ideal is "citizens of the world", children of different national cultures who freely move around the world and communicate with each other. Nationalists, and especially their aggressive wing, are associated with savagery and barbarism.

Some bloggers attend various political events, but go there mainly to “get fun”, in other words, to have fun, and not at all to defend their point of view.

Young people prefer to observe political life, to release caustic criticisms, but at the same time not to interfere in anything. Unlike the traditional Russian and Soviet intelligentsia, who watched political life with a sense of tragedy, today's youth joke and have fun. Absurdist flash mobs became an expression of such an easy attitude.

A flashmob is a collective action that, as a rule, is ridiculous, from the point of view of most citizens, in nature. For example, several tens or hundreds of young people may gather and begin to squat or repeat the same word at the same time.

Once in Novosibirsk, on May 1, representatives of various political parties gathered on the main square of the city to hold rallies. About a hundred flashmobers also came there. Young people began to lead a huge round dance around the protesters, holding posters like “No colonization of Mars”, “No exploitation of the theme of Siberian savagery in contemporary art”, etc. Some of the posters were written in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Neither the protesters nor the police knew what to do. The organizers of the May Day demonstration could not understand in any way - what is it? If the movement is, what are its goals? If the protest is against whom and what?

In fact, the flash mobs had no specific goals. In general, this is typical for the entire young generation of the 2000s - the lack of long-term goals and a "research" approach to one's own destiny ("life itself will tell you what goals to strive for"). Nevertheless, in addition to just the desire to shock the public, there is a certain, albeit not always conscious, protest in flash mobs. This is a protest against stereotypes, "correctness", contamination of political and public life. But the protest is precisely in that inactive ironic form, which is extremely characteristic of "fugitives" from the society of mass culture.

trend 4

Traveler but not a tourist

Entertainment and leisure also demonstrate the ardent desire of young people to stand out, "not to be like everyone else." For example, among young people there are more and more popular travel a special kind.

These are long trips, often with stops for several months at a place you like. Travelers of this type strive to live the same way as the local population lives: eat the same food, dress in the same clothes, speak the same language, and in general - not look like local tourists in the eyes. They find some kind of job (or remotely, via the Internet, continue to do what they did in Russia, for example, computer design), rent an apartment or room, make local friends.

In recent years, a "movement to the south" has begun - to India, Thailand, Vietnam. Since life in these countries is extremely cheap, it is not difficult for young people from Moscow or St. Petersburg to save up an amount for which they then live in the tropics for a year, enjoying a warm climate and a carefree existence. Such Russian travelers appeared in America, and in Africa, and even in Australia and New Zealand.

“We belong to the latest generation of travelers. The world is rapidly becoming the same; asphalt, democracy and dollars are rapidly spreading over the entire surface of the planet"

The hobbies of today's young people are varied. The very fact that a person has a hobby is important. If in the 90s it was considered normal when young people had no time for anything other than sleep, then for today's youth this lifestyle is completely unacceptable. It is believed that people who do not have hobbies outside of work live an inferior life. Representatives of the “office plankton”, who, after a hard and stressful day, barely have the strength to crawl to the sofa and, drinking beer, look at TV with empty eyes, evoke sharply negative feelings in the modern young generation.

"I want to interesting events. Now I really want to, for example, post-stalker somewhere, climb vertically, go on a water trip.

Modern young people go in for sports (usually extreme ones), look for abandoned places in the “urban jungle”, climb onto the roofs of high-rise buildings in search of beautiful views(roofers), jumping from one roof to another (parkour), descending into underground utilities (diggers), participating in the historical reconstruction of different eras and cultures (role players) - the list of hobbies is endless.

The main criteria for choosing a hobby are its non-banality and “non-promoting”. The beginning of the “commercial exploitation” of this or that hobby (advertising, PR campaigns) reduces its attractiveness in the eyes of young people. This happened, for example, with snowboarding and rock climbing. From "advanced" sports, they quickly turned into mass ones and, in the language of the youth, "opposite".

Trend 5

Refusal of prestigious consumption

Modern young people are not characterized by prestigious consumption. The youth of the 90s were obsessed with status. There was a clear imperative that if you were successful, you should dress in Gucci or Armani, drive a Mercedes or BMW, drink Hennessey cognac and smoke Davidoff or Parliament cigarettes.

For the youth of the 2000s, the value of status is no longer absolute. At least today's young people are not ready to buy goods just because in the eyes of others they are prestigious and indicate material wealth. It cannot be said that today's youth does not pay attention to public opinion. However, if ten years ago young people sought to demonstrate their financial success, now they emphasize their individuality. The costume of a representative of the 2000s generation can include both expensive brands and very cheap ones, and even non-brand items - the main thing is that the resulting combination is typical for you.

The arrival of "individual" consumption to replace the "status" has thoroughly mixed the cards for marketers. Ten years ago, young consumers could be more or less clearly structured according to income. Today, we can very often meet young people who buy clothes of the same inexpensive brand, smoke the same elite cigarettes, and at the same time their income differs significantly.

Increased interest in shopping is considered among the youth as a sign of narrowness. There are, however, exceptions. For example, attention is paid to the purchase of a computer and computer equipment. Carefully choose things related to hobbies, such as sports equipment or cameras.

trend 6

generation of skeptics

The generation of the 2000s can rightly be called the generation of skeptics. Young people do not believe in advertising, do not trust the media, and are extremely skeptical about various PR campaigns. They are well aware that behind all promotions there is a purely pragmatic desire to sell a product.

"The Battle for the Consumer Mind feels like a game of sorts: companies are trying to win over us and bombard us with ads and PR - OK, we'll watch these attempts with interest"

There is some respect for the graceful advertising campaigns in which the maximum result can be achieved with a minimum of means. Massive campaigns with million-dollar budgets are perceived more skeptically. And advertising that tries to openly and primitively deceive the consumer (for example, “bank loans at 0%”) causes a sharp rejection. Moreover, an “expert” attitude to advertising is typical not only for professionals, but also for those young people who have nothing to do with advertising and PR.

And yet, despite the ardent desire to distance themselves from mass culture, today's young people in many ways remain "children of the consumer society." They physically cannot do without a dozen or two personal hygiene items, without quality products, without sushi, disposable tableware and a host of other delights of civilization.

What will happen to our generation next? Probably, after 30 years, the vast majority of bloggers will integrate into various professional communities, get married, have children. A high level of education and the presence of various social ties will provide them with a fairly high position in society. However, the majority of inhabitants of LJ space prefer not to think about the future. It's too boring.

Conclusion

“I try not to think about the future; about such a global future… It is somehow more pleasant to live today. For me, the future is today Wednesday, tomorrow Thursday, and this is already the future. I live for today, hour, minute. Therefore, almost everything that is a little further is the future for me, I am not chasing it, that is, I have no desire to “rewind” time forward. Old age is in the future, and I am young, healthy, energetic (as they say, not bad-looking), I am afraid of growing old "

Artist: 5th year student

correspondence F. T. J. 03-21z

Head: Alexandrova N.A.

Sources

1. Pearson T. The system of modern societies. M., 1997.

2. Foght--Babushkin Yu.U. Art in people's lives. SP. 2001.

3. Yadov V.A. Sociological research: methodology, program, methods. M., 1995.

4. Yadov V.A. Strategy of sociological research. Description, explanation, understanding of social reality. M., 1999

• To form an idea of ​​youth as a social group, to determine the social roles of young people. Show how life changes during the period of civil majority, the role of education in obtaining a profession, analyze the difficulties of finding employment for young professionals. Show the role of youth culture in the formation of personality.
• Develop information analysis skills questions asked. Ability to discuss the problem and communicate in groups on a given topic. Interactive learning in solving problematic problems and situations.
• Creation of psychological prerequisites for a responsible attitude to the formation of a personality that is successful in modern life. Based on the technology of cooperation - the formation of communicative competencies, increasing the level of socialization. Creating a situation of success for all students in the group in order to increase cognitive interest in the subject.

Type of lesson: a lesson in obtaining new knowledge.

Lesson form: Lesson-workshop.

Teaching methods: Technology of interactive learning, creation of mini-projects (clusters), technology of cooperation, method of solving problematic problems, heuristic conversation, elements of collective discussion.

Equipment:

• Sources of law - the texts of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
• Notebooks with lecture material.
• Materials of student essays on the topic “What does it mean to be young”.
• For work in small groups and creating clusters - Whatman sheets, felt-tip pens, colored pencils, magnets for the presentation of work.
• For work in small groups - cases with tasks for each item of the lesson plan.
• Board: topic of the lesson, aphorisms of famous people, portraits of I. Kant, Zh-Zh. Rousseau.
• Photo gallery “I am young”.
• Textbook L.N. Bogolyubov “Social Science”, Grade 11.
• Materials for reflection.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizing time. Motivation for success.
2. Determination of the goals and objectives of the lesson.
3. Result targeting. Activity algorithm. Formation of working groups.
4. Learning new material. Independent work in groups
5. Implementation of projects, presentation.
6. Summing up, evaluation.
7. Homework.
8. Reflection.

During the classes

List of used literature

Let us now dwell on the role and significance of youth in society. In general, this role is due to the following objective circumstances.

1. Youth, being a fairly large socio-demographic group, occupies an important place in national economic production as the only source of replenishment of labor resources.

2. Youth is the main bearer of the intellectual potential of society. She has great abilities for work, for creativity in all spheres of life.

3. Young people have a fairly large social and professional perspective. It is able to acquire new knowledge, professions and specialties faster than other social groups in society.

The indicated circumstances can be confirmed by actual and statistical data.

By the beginning of 1990, there were 62 million people in the former USSR. under the age of 30. At the same time, every fourth resident of the city and every fifth of the village were young people. In total, citizens under the age of 30 accounted for 43% of the working population.

The proportion of young people aged 16 to 30 in the former USSR in 1990 was 22% of the total population. Approximately the same percentage was in Ukraine. Over the past ten years, there has been a decrease in the young population in the territory of the former USSR by 4.8 million people, including in Ukraine the share of young people from 1989 to 1999 decreased from 22 to 20%.

According to 1986 data, about 40 million boys and girls were employed in the national economy of the former USSR. At the same time, in some industries, more than half of the employees were young people. For example, in industry and construction, 54% of workers were under the age of 30, in agriculture - 44, in mechanical engineering - 40, in light industry - more than 50%.

In recent years, the following trends have been noted in the demographic situation regarding young people:

The number of rural youth is growing, which is a good prerequisite for the demographic revival of the village;

There is a pronounced trend towards rejuvenation of motherhood, although a significant number of young families, due to socio-economic problems, are in no hurry to have children;

The number of young migrants is increasing, etc.

Fundamentally important when considering youth problems is the question of youth as the subject and object of social transformations.

The role of youth as subject and object in historical process development of society is very specific. From the point of view of the mechanism of socialization of youth, at first, a young person, entering life, is an object of influence of social conditions, family, friends, institutions of training and education, and then, in the process of growing up and transitioning from childhood to youth, he learns and begins to create the world himself, i.e. becomes the subject of all socio-economic, political and social transformations.

It is clear that the problem of youth has a global, universal character, and therefore is in the center of attention of all countries and major organizations in the world.

Through UNESCO, for example, from 1979 to 1989 alone, more than 100 documents were adopted concerning the problems of youth. Most of them emphasize that young people themselves, through their work, must realize their goals. Young people should be in constant search, dare, build their own destiny. Naturally, this is inherent only in democratic societies, countries with high level economic and social development.

At the same time, characterizing the problems of youth, at the fortieth session of the UN General Assembly, attention was drawn to the fact that "young people play a dual, at first glance contradictory role, on the one hand, they actively contribute to the process social change, and on the other hand, they turn out to be its victims.

Indeed, today's youth cannot be focused solely on the implementation of national affairs related to the solution of plan targets; she should be given the opportunity to solve her own youth problems. The interests of young people, their real, pressing problems are an organic part of all the social tasks of society. Here it is appropriate to recall an interesting statement by the famous psychologist I.S. new technology began to outpace the pace of change of new

generations. This feature of the scientific and technological revolution significantly affected the psyche and psychology of young people, more clearly revealed their inability to live. We will enter the 21st century with this problem of youth.

Along with the loss by older generations of the right to perform the traditional teaching and upbringing function, the problem of young people's independence, their preparation for life, for conscious actions has become aggravated.

Young people today, on the one hand, increasingly feel like a special group of society within a certain "youth culture", and on the other hand, they are increasingly suffering from the insolubility of many of their specific problems. At the same time, the most serious factor that deforms the psyche of young people is the lack of a certain trust in them. Boys and girls are very little involved in solving and implementing the most different problems life of modern society. Moreover, they are not even included on an equal footing in the discussion of various issues that concern all citizens.

As a result of all the causes and problems discussed above, a certain differentiation is taking place among young people, which has so far been little studied by sociological science. In particular, VF Levicheva in her works during the period of rapid growth of the so-called informal youth associations singled out three classes of social objects of a fundamentally different type: adolescent groups; amateur associations of young people of various orientations (groups for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, "green", associations of creative youth, leisure groups, sports and recreation and peacekeeping associations, political clubs, etc.); popular fronts (social formations, which included young people).

SUMMARY

1. The most acceptable, in our opinion, is the following interpretation of the concept of "youth": "Youth is a relatively large socio-demographic group, identified on the basis of age characteristics, features of social status, socio-psychological properties, which are determined social order, culture, patterns of socialization and education in a given society.

There is also such a more complex and multifaceted definition: "Youth as a social group is a specific social community of people, which occupies a certain place in the social structure of society, is characterized by the process of acquiring a stable social status in various social substructures (social class, social settlement, professional-labor, socio-political, family-domestic), and therefore, it is distinguished by the commonality of the problems being solved and the commonality of social interests and features of the forms of life that follow from them" [№, 17].

With the transition to the market, the formation of a democratic society, not only the ideals of young people, but also the social ideal of young people in general, change significantly. In particular, the conclusions of the Ukrainian scientist Y. Tereshchenko, who distinguishes such features in a person of our time (and, consequently, in youth) are very interesting.

Firstly, - he writes, - this is an economically free, enterprising, enterprising, active person. He is characterized by independent creativity associated with the organization of a new business and a constant number of opportunities to apply his own strength.

Secondly, this is a person who is deeply interested in personal involvement in political freedoms. Such a person is characterized by a developed legal and moral responsibility, he is able to protect himself and others.

Thirdly, this is a person with a clearly defined worldview and ecological orientation.

Fourthly, this is a person with a nationally oriented consciousness. Such a person loves his people; for him, his native language and other signs of his native culture are a means of national self-identification.

2. The question of the age limits of youth is not just a subject of theoretical scientific dispute. In particular, the upper limit of the youth age, for all its conventionality, implies exactly the age at which a young person becomes economically independent, able to create material and spiritual values, to continue the human race. And this means that all these conditions should be considered in close unity, interdependence, and even more so without any idealization. For example, it is known that many

young people become economically independent (capable of earning a livelihood, self-sufficiency) even before the age of 28. Of course, this does not exclude receiving economic assistance from parents, relatives, friends and at a later age. In this regard, it seems to us that the youth limit (28 years) is largely determined by the period of graduation, obtaining a profession, that is, the completion of preparation for productive work in any field of activity.

Over time, the age limits of young people (in particular, in Ukraine), apparently, will have to be reviewed and determined taking into account the new socio-economic, political and other conditions for the formation and formation of Ukrainian statehood as a whole.

3. Youth is not only a biological, but also a social process, dialectically connected with the reproduction of society, both demographically and socially. Young people are not just an object - the successor of the material and spiritual wealth of society, but also a subject - a transformer of social relations. “History,” noted K. Marx and F. Engels, “is nothing but a consistent system of separate generations, each of which uses materials, capital, productive forces transferred to it by all previous generations ... Indeed, from that, in what, relatively speaking, will be the tone of the conversation between the "fathers" who pass on the heritage, and the "children" who accept it, to a large extent, if not decisively, the stability, the stability of the system depends ")