The most comical episode in the "auditor" the most comical episode in the "inspector" N.V. Gogol (review of the episode). preferably the last one when he arrives

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Composition “What kind of man is the Governor?”

The life of city N did not change from year to year, the auditors came and left, but the city remained the same ... Charitable establishments are like taverns in which patients smoke tobacco and do not know what they are sick with and how to treat them. Geese with little goslings dart underfoot in government places, a belt whip hangs over a cabinet with papers, and the assessor smells like he came out of a distillery. In educational institutions, a teacher, entering the pulpit, makes a grimace, another, talking about Alexander the Great, breaks chairs on the floor. In the post office, the postmaster, out of curiosity, prints and reads other people's letters. The streets are not swept, and one of them is piled on forty carts of all sorts of rubbish. Oh, there are many more such "sights" of this amazing city.
The head of the city was Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky. This is a man who has already grown old in the service, he is experienced, not stupid in his own way, he knows a lot and the alignment of important matters. He likes to conduct moralizing speeches, each of his words is significant, does not beat around the bush. Before the lower in rank, he shows himself to be an important person, who is considered significant even in St. Petersburg. He is always ready to speak, deceive, play any role, he likes power over people, for the sake of profit he is capable of fraud. The mayor quickly moves from fear to joy, from meanness to arrogance, which makes his role comical. He is a bribe-taker, but behaves respectably at the same time; quite serious; speaks neither loudly, nor quietly, nor little.
But then one day the Mayor receives a letter saying that an auditor from St. Petersburg is coming to the city, incognito, with a secret order. And in this not a fun situation, the head of the city did not forget to tell his "dream in hand" about two terrible rats. Thus, he makes it clear that he has a very well developed intuition. After that, the fuss begins, everyone needs to cover up their sins as soon as possible. The mayor gathers a trustee at home charitable establishments, superintendent of schools, a judge, a private bailiff, a doctor and two quarterly. He gives instructions to everyone what and how to do, what and where to clean, sweep, and so on. Each in his part is doing everything possible, and together they are trying to bring the city to a “normal state” in a few hours. Again, we see a comical situation when a few years were not enough to put the city in order, but the auditor arrives, and everyone starts running, fussing, groaning and gasping. But let us return to the mayor’s house, where the out of breath landowners come running and vying with each other to announce that a hundred
a young man has been living in a tavern for two weeks, he is dressed in the style of a capital, he is going to the Saratov province, he does not pay money and looks into all the plates. The mayor decides to personally go to the tavern, look at this auditor and find out everything as soon as possible ...
The scene of the first meeting of the mayor and Khlestakov takes on a comical situation when the interlocutors talk about different things. Khlestakov thinks that they want to take him to prison because he does not pay for housing and food, and the mayor thinks that the people have already complained about him, and this auditor is very indignant at what disorder is happening in the city. Khlestakov stutters at first, but then speaks loudly, and the mayor becomes more and more shy and trembles, but, not at a loss, invites the auditor to live at home. Khlestakov agrees, thinking that he is treated this way because of his capital costume and demeanor. The mayor is very pleased, because now he can follow every step of this official, gain confidence in him and give a bribe.

Legacy of N.V. Gogol cannot be imagined without the comedy The Inspector General, in which great writer committed a public execution by laughing at officials-stealers of public funds, bribe-takers, sycophants. As the satirist Gogol gives especially great importance namely comedy. Her strength is laughter, scourging many sides public life. Not a single writer had the gift to expose so vividly the vulgarity of life, the vulgarity of every person. driving force in the "Inspector" is not love affair and the state of society. The plot of the comedy is based on a commotion among officials who are waiting for the auditor, and their desire to hide their deeds from him.

The comedy also ridicules the everyday life of the inhabitants of the city: mustiness and vulgarity, the insignificance of interests, hypocrisy and lies, swagger and gossip. Comic is emphasized already by surnames acting heroes: Khlestakov, Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, Tyapkin-Lyapkin, Ukhovertov, Poshlepkina and others. Perhaps the most comical thing is that one "empty" person is trying to fool others, the same "empty". It's about about the imaginary auditor - Khlestakov. The image of Khlestakov is written with exceptional artistic power and breadth of typical generalization. According to Gogol's definition, Khlestakov is “one of those people who are called empty in the offices. He speaks and acts without any consideration. Khlestakov himself does not know what he will say the next minute; "it's all a surprise and a surprise" for himself. He is comical in his desire to appear better than he is. To do this, Khlestakov uses a lie: “He lies with feeling; in his eyes is expressed the pleasure he received from this.

But the most basic characteristic Khlestakov - the desire to play a role at least one inch higher than the one assigned to him.

The action in the "Inspector General" refers to the beginning of the 30s of the century before last. Gogol very accurately depicts the life of that time, people and gives them a general diagnosis. The penetrating look of the satirist penetrates everywhere and nowhere he finds anything good. All the images of the play are comical and absurd.

So, the daughter and wife of the mayor look very funny in an attempt to recapture Khlestakov from each other:

Anna Andreevna.<. ..>However, he liked me very much: I noticed that he kept looking at me.

Maria Antonovna. Oh, mother, he was looking at me!

The inseparable couple Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky are comical. Bobchinsky dreams of one thing: “I ask you, most humbly, when you go to St. Petersburg, tell all the different nobles there: senators and admirals, that here, Your Excellency or Excellency, Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives in such and such a city. So say: Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives. And Dobchinsky about something else - to see the eldest son under his last name: “That is, it is only said that way, and he was born by me so perfectly, as if in marriage, and all this, as it should, I then completed legally - with the bonds of matrimony - with . So, if you please, I want him now to be completely, that is, my legitimate son, sir, and to be called the way I am: Dobchinsky, sir.

The whole essence of the play is that everyone wants something impossible: the mayor sees the future son-in-law in Khlestakov and dreams of living in St. Petersburg; Tyapkin-Lyapkin dreams of judicial cases being resolved on their own; Anna Andreevna dreams of young lover etc. All the attempts of the characters to look significantly cause the reader to laugh.

Gogol painted in The Inspector General the world of provincial officials of one of the cities of Russia. In fact, the play revealed the everyday life provincial Russia. Each image, without losing its individual character, is a typical phenomenon of that time - early XIX century. And we still laugh at the heroes of The Inspector General, comparing them with our contemporaries.

In 1836, the comedy N.V. Gogol's "Inspector" first appeared on stage Alexandrinsky Theater. Russian society was confused, on the face of each spectator after watching the play, bewilderment was reflected: everyone found The Inspector General to be something unexpected, not previously known.

In The Inspector General, Gogol skillfully combines "truth" and "malice", that is, realism and bold, merciless criticism of reality. With the help of laughter, mocking satire, Gogol denounces such vices of Russian reality as servility, corruption, arbitrariness of the authorities, ignorance and poor education. In The Theater Journey, Gogol wrote: “Now the desire to get a profitable place is tying up the drama more strongly ... Do they now have more electricity, money capital, a profitable marriage than love?”

The comedy The Inspector General presents a whole “corporation of various office thieves and robbers” that blissfully exist in the county town N.

When describing the world of bribe takers and embezzlers, Gogol used a number of artistic techniques that enhance the characteristics of the characters.

Gogol gave critical characteristics of each of the main actors. These characteristics help to better understand the essence of each character. Mayor: “Although he is a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably”; Anna Andreevna: “Half brought up on novels and albums, half on chores in her pantry and girl's room”; Khlestakov: “Without a king in my head. He speaks and acts without any thought”, Osip: “Servant, such as servants of a few older years usually are”; Lyapkin-Tyapkin: “A person who has read five or six books, and therefore is somewhat freethinking”; postmaster: "A simple-minded person to the point of naivety."

Bright portrait characteristics are also given in Khlestakov's letter to his friend in St. Petersburg. So, speaking of Strawberry, Khlestakov calls the trustee of charitable institutions "a perfect pig in a yarmulke."

Main literary device, which is used by N.V. Gogol in the comic depiction of an official, is a hyperbole. Blinded by fear for their future, officials and clutching at Khlestakov like a straw, the city merchants and the townsfolk are not able to appreciate the absurdity of what is happening. Absurdities pile up one on top of the other: here is the non-commissioned officer who “whipped herself”, and Bobchinsky, who asks to bring to his attention imperial majesty that “Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives in such and such a city”, etc.

The climax and the denouement immediately following it come abruptly, cruelly. Khlestakov's letter gives such a simple and even banal explanation of everything that happened that at that moment it looks for the mayor, for example, much more implausible than all Khlestakov's fantasies. A few words should be said about the image of the mayor. Apparently, he will have to pay for the sins of his entire entourage. Of course, he himself is not an angel, but the blow is so strong that the mayor has something like an epiphany: “I don’t see anything: I see some kind of pig snouts instead of faces, but nothing else ...”

Further, Gogol uses a technique that has become so popular in our time: the mayor, breaking the principle of the so-called fourth wall, addresses directly into the hall: “What are you laughing at? Laugh at yourself." With this remark, Gogol shows that the action of the comedy actually goes far beyond the theater stage, is transferred from county town to the vast expanses of Russia. There is even a legend that Nicholas I, after watching the play, said: “Everyone got it, but most of all I!”

A silent scene: the inhabitants of a provincial town, mired in bribes, drunkenness, and gossip, stand as if struck by thunder. But here comes a cleansing thunderstorm that will wash away the dirt, punish vice and reward virtue. In this scene, Gogol reflected his belief in the justice of the highest authority, thereby scourging, in the words of Nekrasov, "little thieves for the pleasure of big ones." I must say that the pathos of the silent scene does not fit with the general spirit of this brilliant comedy.

1 The plot suggested by A.S. Pushkin.

3 Artistic techniques of satirical comedy.

4 Instructions N.V. Gogol to actors.

5 The reaction of the public to the comedy and the tragedy of the fate of the writer in Russia.

Comic in the work of N.V. Gogol's "Inspector General" is due to the fact that the whole plot was born from a "purely Russian anecdote", at the request of the writer offered to him by A.S.

Pushkin. Funny story about how a visitor is mistakenly mistaken for an auditor, they try to hide the existing official abuses and appease the authorities, allows you to show all the shortcomings of society in colors and details.

In the article "The Author's Confession" (1847) N.V. Gogol formulated his plan as follows: “In The Government Inspector, I decided to collect in one heap everything that was bad in Russia, which I then knew, all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required of a person, and laugh at everything at once."

Having laughed during the performance, the viewer was subsequently forced to seriously think about the fact that all the characters in the comedy resemble many real-life officials, landowners, merchants, policemen, and provincial ladies. Among the heroes of The Inspector General there are no notorious villains, scoundrels, irreconcilable enemies.

In general, they are "hospitable and good-natured people." Everyone knows about the "weaknesses" and abuses of others, but no one considers it necessary to fight them. Yes, the mayor constantly demands offerings from merchants, but he closes his eyes to the fact that merchants supply low-quality goods for state needs. The judge considers cases "tap-blunder" and enjoys the benefits that the disputing parties can offer him, and is also in connection with the wife of a local landowner. But no one will interfere in it. Hospital problems and educational institutions no one cares, you can teach and treat at random. Everyone knows about the violations, and everyone is silent. “Small” abuses are considered the norm, and those who allow them are considered worthy members of society. The same mayor, "although a bribe-taker, behaves very respectably."

Hence it is clear that the comedy "The Government Inspector" is satirical. Satire creates an image largely conditional, which is achieved through hyperbolization and grotesque.

A prime example hyperbolization is Khlestakov's monologue in the sixth phenomenon of the third act. As Khlestakov realizes that he can get away with any lie, tasty food and universal reverence, he gives free rein to unbridled fantasy, attributes to himself the authorship of all the works that he has ever heard of, draws pictures of how he managed an entire department, and almost imagined that he should be promoted to field marshals, but he slipped and was sent to rest from breakfast.

tricks satirical grotesque allowed N.V. Gogol create bright artistic images. In "Remarks for Messrs. Actors," the author writes that the judge "speaks in a bass voice, with an oblong drawl, wheezing and glanders, like an old clock that first hisses and then strikes." Khlestakov’s letter to Tryapichkin says that the mayor is “stupid as a gray gelding,” and Strawberry is “a perfect pig in a yarmulke.”

It is impossible not to mention the “talking” surnames characteristic of Russian classical comedy: the already mentioned judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin, who performs his duties at random, the doctor Gibner, whose patients “recover like flies”, the policeman Derzhimorda, indiscriminately distributing cuffs to the right and guilty.

As a person familiar with the stage since childhood, N.V. Gogol gave very important instructions for the actors playing in The Government Inspector. “The less an actor thinks about how to laugh and be funny, the more funny the role he has taken will be revealed. The funny will be revealed by itself precisely in the seriousness with which each of the faces depicted in the comedy is busy with its own business.

These recommendations, unfortunately, were not taken into account in the production of the Saratov Youth Theater. Khlestakov, performed by A. Kuzin, almost grunted while eating soup in the hotel, loudly banging his spoon on the plate; in the presence of the mayor and his wife, he was lying around the stage in an embrace with Marya Antonovna, which looked absurd. The audience laughed, but, in my opinion, this is a clear overkill with comic tricks on the verge of clowning, which goes against the way N.V. Gogol.

The idea of ​​the comedy "Inspector General", the purpose of its creation - is not at all for the amusement and entertainment of the public. N.V. Gogol assessed his work as follows: “Through laughter, which had never appeared in me in such strength, the reader heard sadness. I myself felt that my laughter was not what it had been before.

The censorship did not notice anything reprehensible in the comedy, and it was allowed to be staged. However, the audience, who recognized themselves in the heroes of the work, were deeply offended by the author. They came to the conclusion that the "Revizor" undermines the authority of the authorities, insults and defames employees.

The tragedy of the comedy "The Inspector General" is not only that "moderate disorder" in Russia was and remains a common occurrence, but also that the author, as an accuser of shortcomings, took up arms with the majority of society. N.V. Gogol wrote about the situation of the satirist writer in Russia: “It is sad when you see what a still pitiful state the writer is in. Everything is against him, and there is no side of any equal strength for him.

Nevertheless, the comedy "The Inspector General" from the moment of its first edition in 1836 to the present day has enjoyed continued popularity. It is still relevant today, since the vices of society, which are ridiculed in it, are ineradicable. The audience continues to laugh at themselves, but life goes on as before.

Updated: 2017-12-08

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Useful material on the topic

The genre of The Inspector General is a comedy, in which Gogol develops traditions public comedy, laid down by Fonvizin and Griboyedov and supported by other Russian comedians. "Auditor" is satirical comedy in which social and moral vices are sharply and caustically ridiculed Russian society and state-bureaucratic power structure. IN the art world The Inspector General did not have a place for a positive or high hero, unlike the great comedies of Fonvizin and Griboyedov. The honest and noble hero of the comedy, according to the author himself, was laughter, causing a righteous denunciation and an angry denial of the unworthy and low. The absence of a love conflict in the comedy is also noteworthy - this indicates Gogol's rejection of established traditions, his principled position not to deviate from reality: firstly, in the light of social conflict, all people are equal, and secondly, in the distorted world of the "Inspector General" there is no love, there is only a parody of it.

To create satirical portraits of officials, Gogol uses various techniques, the leading one of which is the grotesque. Exaggeration negative qualities and the traits of behavior of officials go beyond the recognizable in ordinary life; the heroes are perceived as puppets, due to which for the viewer (reader) it is not the personal qualities of the heroes that come to the fore, but their vices. This technique characterizes the originality of the humanism of Gogol's satire: his satire is not aimed at a person, but at exposing vice and sin in a person. In other words, Gogol is attacking not a certain person Lyapkin-Tyapkin, but stupid complacency, insensitivity, selfishness, which are shown without any condescension, inevitable when depicting the personal character of the hero.

The action in comedy is characterized by fussiness, turmoil, vaudeville. Everything in comedy is done quickly, stupidly, absurdly. For example, having heard Khlestakov's steps (the opening scene of the fourth act), the officials rush to the doors in fear, but they cannot all go out at once, they interfere with each other. Similar comedic effects are characteristic of the entire play. Nevertheless, Gogol resorted to comic positions not only to evoke simple, thoughtless laughter. The writer actively uses farce in action (farce is a comedy genre and at the same time it is a kind of comic laughter based on the creation of external effects). So, in the first act, the mayor, about to go to Khlestakov's hotel, in a hurry puts a paper case on his head instead of a hat. Bobchinsky in the second act, eavesdropping on the conversation of the mayor with Khlestakov, got so carried away that he simply lay down with his whole body on the door separating them, and it fell off the hinges, and the unlucky hero, along with the door, flew into the middle of the room and hurt his nose as he fell. Of course, Gogol introduces these scenes not at all with the aim of simply laughing: the comedian makes visible two forces, driving development plot action - the fear of the mayor and the curiosity of the townspeople, primarily Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky.

The author's laughter contains sarcasm and irony, humorous intonations slip through to a lesser extent. In addition to the grotesque, the play uses the technique of hyperbole and elements of fantasy. A striking example of hyperbole (in this case quantitative metaphor) are the details from Khlestakov's story about his balls: for dessert, a watermelon "at seven hundred rubles" is served there, and soup arrives "directly from Paris" on a steamer. Watermelon and soup are the usual food of the petty official Khlestakov, and since he is not accepted in high society and his imagination is meager, in order to impress listeners, he exaggerates the cost of watermelon to incredible, and soup "delivers" from afar. The element of fantasy manifests itself, for example, in "thirty-five thousand couriers" sent through the streets of St. Petersburg to his house with a request to head the department.

The most important means of the comic in the play is the technique " speaking names", which during the development of Russian comedy late XVIII- the beginning of the XIX century has undergone significant changes. In accordance with the classic tradition, Fonvizin in "Undergrowth" gives the character a name that fully meets main characteristic the image and its role in comedy: Starodum, Prostakova, Skotinin, Pravdin, etc. Griboyedov in "Woe from Wit" has already been using quite complex system speaking names, where the characters are named not only according to one leading character trait (for example, Molchalin or Famusov), but also demonstrative, evaluative, associative names are introduced. Gogol's system of speaking names is extremely diverse. Here is the clarity of Griboedov's surnames (compare Khlestova and Khlestakov), and their associativity (Zagoretsky - Poshlepkina), and the emphasized pairing (G. N. and G.D . by Griboedov, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky by Gogol). Despite some simplicity of the names of the police officers, they are given to the characters in order to describe in detail the activities of the police department in the city: for example, Svistunov keeps order, Buttons is with the authorities, Derzhimorda is suitable for cordoning and guarding, and Ukhovertov, a private bailiff, is busy "edifying" and "educating » population. The names of retired officials are also interesting (Lyulyukov, Korobkin, Rastakovskiy), reflecting their former image service behavior. Separate comments require the names of officials: the name of the judge is formed from the combination "tap-blunder", but it is so ridiculous that the confused "blunder-tyap" becomes the basis of the name. The curious surname Strawberry contains a contradiction in the name and behavior of a person, which causes particular hostility towards this character, and the collision of the name Christian and the surname Gibner of the county doctor clearly expresses the author's idea of ​​​​the death that his activity brings.

An effective means of the comic in the play is the speech of the characters. First of all, a satirical characteristic of officials is their general speech portrait, consisting of vernacular, abusive words and soulless bureaucratic clericalism. The speech of the other characters accurately conveys their social status, character traits, as well as their inherent manner of expression. Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky speak hastily, chaotically, interrupting each other; the speech of locksmith Poshlepkina is heavy and angry; merchants speak flatteringly and obsequiously. In the speech of the characters, there is a large proportion of illogicality and absurdity of statements; they are full of speech by the wife of the mayor and city landowners. to Russian speech culture forever entered the phrase of the mayor that the non-commissioned officer's wife "whipped herself." Gogol also uses such a technique as changing stable (phraseological) expressions, for example, Strawberry tells Khlestakov that he has "sick people, like flies, are recovering."

The innovation of Gogol the playwright was expressed in the fact that he combined in The Inspector General two traditional type comedies: comedy of positions and comedy of characters. In the comedy of characters, the comic is based on the depiction of the funny characters of the heroes, their shortcomings, vices, passions, unworthy morals. This, apparently, was supposed to be the comedy The Inspector General at first, but with the introduction of a “mirage” situation, that is, with a change in the direction in the development of the plot, it also becomes a sitcom, where the funny arises on the basis of different plot situations.