The meaning of the title of the play is the thunderstorm of Ostrovsky's work. The meaning of the name and figurative symbolism in the drama "Thunderstorm"
One name of the play contains all the main motives for its understanding. The storm is the ideological symbol of Ostrovsky's work. In the first act, when Catherine hinted to her mother-in-law about her secret love, a thunderstorm began to approach almost immediately. The coming storm - it is a commemoration of the tragedy in the play. But it breaks out only when main character tells her husband and mother-in-law about her sin.
The image of a thunderstorm-threat is closely connected with the feeling of fear. “Well, what are you afraid of, pray tell! Now every grass, every flower rejoices, but we hide, we are afraid, just what kind of misfortune! The storm will kill! This is not a storm, but grace! Yes, grace! You all have a thunderstorm! - Kuligin shames fellow citizens, trembling at the sound of thunder. Indeed, a thunderstorm as a natural phenomenon is as necessary as sunny weather. Rain washes away dirt, cleanses the earth, promotes better plant growth. A person who sees in a thunderstorm a natural phenomenon in the cycle of life, and not a sign of divine wrath, does not feel fear. The attitude to the thunderstorm in a certain way characterizes the heroes of the play. The fatalistic superstition associated with a thunderstorm and widespread among the people is voiced by the tyrant Wild and a woman hiding from a thunderstorm: “A thunderstorm is sent to us as a punishment so that we feel ...”; "Yes, no matter how you hide! If someone's destiny is written, then you won't go anywhere. But in the perception of Diky, Kabanikh and many others, the fear of a thunderstorm is something familiar and not a very vivid experience. “That's it, you need to live in such a way as to always be ready for anything; there would be no such fear, ”Kabanikha remarks coolly. She has no doubt that the storm is a sign of God's wrath. But the heroine is so convinced that she leads correct image life that does not experience any anxiety.
Only Katerina experiences the liveliest thrill before a thunderstorm in the play. We can say that this fear clearly demonstrates her mental discord. On the one hand, Katerina longs to challenge the hateful existence, to meet her love. On the other hand, she is not able to renounce the ideas inspired by the environment in which she grew up and continues to live. Fear, according to Katerina, is an integral element of life, and it is not so much the fear of death as such, but the fear of the coming punishment, of one's spiritual failure: “Everyone should be afraid. It’s not that scary that it will kill you, but that death will suddenly find you as you are, with all your sins, with all your evil thoughts.
In the play, we also find another attitude to the storm, to the fear that it supposedly must evoke. “I'm not afraid,” say Varvara and the inventor Kuligin. The attitude to the thunderstorm also characterizes the interaction of one or another character in the play with time. Wild, Kabanikhs and those who share their view of the thunderstorm as a manifestation of heavenly displeasure, of course, are inextricably linked with the past. Internal conflict Katerina comes from the fact that she is unable to either break with ideas that are fading into the past, or keep the precepts of Domostroy in inviolable purity. Thus, she is at the point of the present, at a contradictory, critical time when a person must choose how to act. Varvara and Kuligin are looking to the future. In the fate of Varvara, this is emphasized by the fact that she leaves her native home to no one knows where, almost like folklore heroes setting off in search of happiness, and Kuligin is constantly in scientific search.
M.Yu. Lermontov (Hero of our time)
What is the symbolic meaning of the title of the play "Thunderstorm".
The play "Thunderstorm" Ostrovsky wrote in 1859 at a time when a change in social foundations was ripe in Russia, on the eve of the peasant reform. Therefore, the play was perceived as an expression of the spontaneous revolutionary moods of the masses. It was not for nothing that Ostrovsky gave his play the name "Thunderstorm". Thunderstorm occurs not only as a natural phenomenon, the action unfolds to the sound of thunder, but also as an internal phenomenon - the characters are characterized through their attitude to the thunderstorm. For each hero, a thunderstorm is a special symbol, for some it is a harbinger of a storm, for others it is purification, the beginning of a new life, for others it is a "voice from above" that predicts some important events or warns against doing something.
In Katerina’s soul, an invisible thunderstorm is happening to no one, a thunderstorm for her is a punishment from heaven, “the hand of the Lord”, which should punish her for betraying her husband: “It’s not scary that it will kill you, but that death will suddenly catch you with all thoughts crafty". Katerina is afraid and waiting for a thunderstorm. She loves Boris, but this depresses her. She believes that she will burn in "fiery hell" for her sinful feelings.
For the mechanic Kuligin, a thunderstorm is a crude manifestation of natural forces, consonant with human ignorance, which must be fought. Kuligin believes that by introducing mechanization and enlightenment into life, one can achieve power over the "thunder", which carries the meaning of rudeness, cruelty and immorality: "I decay in the dust with my body, I command the thunders with my mind." Kuligin dreams of building a lightning rod to save people from the fear of a thunderstorm.
For Tikhon, a thunderstorm is anger, oppression on the part of the mother. He is afraid of her, but as a son he must obey her. Leaving home on business, Tikhon says: "Yes, as far as I know, there will be no thunderstorm over me for two weeks, there are no shackles on my legs."
Dikoy believes that it is impossible and sinful to resist lightning. For him, a thunderstorm is humility. Despite his wild and vicious disposition, he dutifully obeys the Kabanikhe.
Boris fears human thunderstorms more than natural ones. Therefore, he leaves, throws Katerina alone with people's rumors. "It's scarier here!" - says Boris, running away from the place of prayer of the whole city.
The thunderstorm in Ostrovsky's play symbolizes both ignorance and malice, heavenly punishment and retribution, as well as purification, insight, the beginning of a new life. This is evidenced by the conversation of two townspeople of Kalinov, changes began to occur in the outlook of the inhabitants, the assessment of everything that was happening began to change. Perhaps people will have a desire to overcome their fear of a thunderstorm, to get rid of the oppression of anger and ignorance that reigns in the city. After the terrible peals of thunder and lightning strikes, the sun will shine again overhead.
N.A. Dobrolyubov in the article "A Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom" interpreted the image of Katerina as "a spontaneous protest carried to the end", and suicide - as a force of a freedom-loving character: "such a liberation is bitter; but what to do when there is no other."
I believe that Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm" was timely and contributed to the fight against the oppressors.
Essay plan
1. Introduction. Variety of symbolism in the play.
2. The main part. The motives and themes of the play, artistic anticipations, symbolism of images, phenomena, details.
— folklore motifs as an artistic anticipation of the situation of the heroine.
- Dreams of Katerina and the symbolism of images.
- A story about childhood as a compositional anticipation.
- The motive of sin and retribution in the play. Kabanova and Wild.
- The motive of sin in the images of Feklusha and the half-mad lady.
- The motive of sin in the images of Curly, Barbara and Tikhon.
— Katerina's perception of sin.
- The idea of the play.
— The symbolic meaning of the images of the play.
- The symbolism of objects.
3. Conclusion. Philosophical and poetic subtext of the play.
Symbolism in the play by A.N. Ostrovsky is diverse. The very title of the play, the theme of the thunderstorm, the motives of sin and judgment are symbolic. symbolic landscape paintings, objects, some images. Some motifs, themes acquire allegorical meaning folk songs.
At the very beginning of the play, the song “Among the Flat Valley ...” sounds (sung by Kuligin), which already at the very beginning introduces the motive of a thunderstorm and the motive of death. If we remember the entire text of the song, then there are the following lines:
Where can I rest my heart
When will the storm rise?
A gentle friend sleeps in the damp earth,
Help will not come.
The theme of loneliness, orphanhood, life without love also arises in it. All these motives seem to anticipate life situation Catherine at the beginning of the play:
Ah, bored lonely
And the tree will grow!
Oh, bitter, bitter young man
Without a sweet life to lead!
The dreams of the heroine in The Thunderstorm also acquire symbolic meaning. So, Katerina yearns because people do not fly. “Why don’t people fly! .. I say: why people do not fly like birds? You know, sometimes I feel like I'm a bird. When you stand on a mountain, you are drawn to fly. That's how it would have run up, raised its hands and flew. Try something now?” she says to Varvara. IN parental home Katerina lived like a "bird in the wild." She dreams about how she flies. Elsewhere in the play, she dreams of becoming a butterfly. The theme of birds introduces the motif of captivity, cages into the narrative. Here we can recall the symbolic rite of the Slavs to release birds into the wild from cages, which is based on the belief of the Slavs in the ability of reincarnation human soul. As Yu.V. Lebedev, “the Slavs believed that the human soul is capable of turning into a butterfly or a bird. IN folk songs a woman yearning on a foreign side in an unloved family turns into a cuckoo, flies into the garden to her beloved mother, complains to her about a dashing fate. But the theme of birds sets here the motive of death. Thus, in many cultures, the Milky Way is called the "Bird Road", because the souls flying along this road to heaven were represented by birds. Thus, already at the beginning of the play, we notice the motives that precede the death of the heroine.
Peculiar artistic anticipation Katerina's story about her childhood also becomes: “... I was born so hot! I was still six years old, no more, so I did it! They offended me with something at home, but it was towards evening, it was already dark; I ran out to the Volga, got into the boat and pushed it away from the shore. The next morning they already found ten miles away! But Katerina's story is also a compositional preview of the play's finale. Volga for her is a symbol of will, space, free choice. And in the end, she makes her choice.
Final Scenes"Thunderstorms" are also preceded by Kudryash's song:
Like a Don Cossack, a Cossack led a horse to water,
Good fellow, he is already standing at the gate.
Standing at the gate, he thinks himself
Duma thinks how he will destroy his wife.
As a wife prayed to her husband,
In a hurry, she bowed to him:
You, father, are you a dear friend of the heart!
You do not beat, do not ruin me from the evening!
You kill, ruin me from midnight!
Let my little kids sleep
To small children, to all close neighbors.
This song develops in the play the motive of sin and retribution, which runs through the whole story. Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova constantly recalls sin: “How long to sin! Talk close to the heart will go, well, you will sin, you will be angry, ”“ Complete, complete, do not swear! Sin!”, “What a fool and talk! There is only one sin!” Judging by these remarks, the sin for Kabanova is irritation, anger, lies and deceit. However, in this case, Marfa Ignatievna sins constantly. She is often irritated, angry at her son and daughter-in-law. Preaching religious commandments, she forgets about love for her neighbor and therefore lies to others. “The hypocrite… clothes the poor, and completely stuck with the family,” Kuligin says about her. Kabanova is far from true mercy, her faith is harsh and merciless. Dikoy also mentions sin in the play. Sin for him is his “cursing”, anger, absurdity of character. "Sins" Wild often: gets from him to his family, nephew, Kuligin, peasants.
The pilgrim Feklusha thinks thoughtfully about sin in the play: “It’s impossible, mother, without sin: we live in the world,” she says to Glasha. For Feklusha, anger, quarrel, absurdity of character, gluttony are sins. For herself, she recognizes only one of these sins - gluttony: “There is one sin for me, for sure; I myself know what it is. I love sweet food." However, at the same time, Feklusha is also prone to deceit, to suspicion, she tells Glasha to look after "the poor woman" so that she "doesn't steal anything." The motive of sin is also embodied in the image of a half-mad lady who sinned a lot from her youth. Since then, she has been prophesying a "whirlpool", "fire ... inextinguishable" to everyone.
In a conversation with Boris, Kudryash also mentions sin. Noticing Boris Grigorych near the Kabanovs' garden and at first considering him a rival, Kudryash warns young man: "I love you, sir, and I'm ready for any service for you, but on this path you don't meet with me at night, so that, God forbid, no sin has happened." Knowing Curly's disposition, we can guess what kind of "sins" he has. Barbara, in the play, "sins" without talking about sin. This concept lives in her mind only in the usual way of life, but she obviously does not consider herself a sinner. Tikhon also has his sins. He himself admits this in a conversation with Kuligin: “I went to Moscow, you know? On the road, my mother read, read instructions to me, and as soon as I left, I went on a spree. I am very glad that I broke free. And he drank all the way, and in Moscow he drank everything, so it's a bunch, what the heck! So, to take a whole year off. I never thought about the house." Kuligin advises him to forgive his wife: “Themselves, tea, is also not without sin!” Tikhon unconditionally agrees: “What can I say!”.
Katerina often thinks about sin in the play. That is how she regards her love for Boris. Already in the first conversation about this with Varya, she clearly indicates her feelings: “Ah, Varya, sin is on my mind! How much I, poor thing, cried, what I did not do to myself! I can't get away from this sin. Nowhere to go. 'Cause it's not good, 'cause it's terrible sin, Varenka, why do I love another? Moreover, for Katerina, not only the act as such is a sin, but also the thought of it: “I’m not afraid to die, but when I think that suddenly I will appear before God the way I am here with you, after this conversation, - that's what's scary. What's on my mind! What a sin! It's scary to say!" Katerina recognizes her sin even at the moment when she meets Boris. “If I am not afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment? They say it’s even easier when you suffer for some sin here on earth.” However, then the heroine begins to suffer from the consciousness of her own sin. Her own behavior is at odds with her ideal ideas about the world, of which she herself is a particle. Katerina introduces into the narrative the motive of repentance, retribution for sins, God's punishment.
And the theme of God's punishment is connected both with the title of the play and with a thunderstorm as a natural phenomenon. Ostrovsky's theme is symbolic. However, what meaning does the playwright put into the concept of "thunderstorm"? If we remember the Bible, then the peals of thunder are likened to the voice of the Lord. Almost all Kalinovtsy relate to a thunderstorm unambiguously: it inspires them with mystical fear, reminds them of God's wrath, of moral responsibility. Wild says: "... a thunderstorm is sent to us as a punishment so that we feel ...". The prophecies of the crazy lady also hint at the punishment of God: “You will have to answer for everything ... You won’t get away from God.” Katerina perceives the storm in the same way: she is convinced that this is nothing but a retribution for her sins. However, the Bible has another meaning for this phenomenon. The gospel sermon is compared with thunder here. And this, I think, is the true meaning. given symbol in the play. The storm is "designed" to crush the stubbornness and cruelty of the Kalinovites, to remind them of love and forgiveness.
This is exactly what the Kalinovtsy should have done with Katerina. The public repentance of the heroine is an attempt of her reconciliation with the world, reconciliation with herself. Biblical wisdom sounds in the subtext of the play: “Do not judge, so that you will not be judged, for by what judgment you judge, so you will be judged ...” parable.
In addition to themes and motifs, we note the symbolic meaning of some of the images of the play. Kuligin introduces the ideas and themes of enlightenment thinking into the play, and this character also introduces the image of natural harmony and grace. Ostrovsky’s image of a half-mad lady is a symbol of Katerina’s sick conscience, Feklusha’s image is a symbol of the old patriarchal world whose foundations are crumbling.
end times The “dark kingdom” is also symbolized by some objects in the play, in particular, an old gallery and a key. In the fourth act, we see in the foreground a narrow gallery with an old building that is beginning to collapse. Its painting reminds of quite definite plots - “fiery hell”, the battle of Russians with Lithuania. However, now it has almost completely collapsed, everything is overgrown, after the fire it has not been corrected. symbolic detail is also the key that Varvara gives to Katerina. The scene with the key is playing essential role in the development of the play's conflict. In the soul of Katerina there is an internal struggle. She perceives the key as a temptation, as a sign of impending doom. But the thirst for happiness wins: “Why am I saying that I am deceiving myself? I have to die to see him. To whom am I pretending! .. Throw the key! No, not for anything! He is mine now ... Come what may, and I will see Boris! Ah, if only the night would come sooner!..” The key here becomes a symbol of freedom for the heroine; it seems to unlock her soul, languishing in captivity.
Thus, Ostrovsky's play has both poetic and philosophical overtones, expressed in motives, images and details. The storm that swept over Kalinov becomes "a cleansing storm that carried away deeply rooted prejudices, cleared the place for other" mores ".
1. Lebedev Yu.V. Russian literature XIX century. Second half. The book for the teacher. M., 1990, p. 169–170.
2. Lion P.E., Lokhova N.M. Decree. cit., p.255.
3. Buslakova T.P. Russian literature of the 19th century. Educational minimum for the applicant. M., 2005, p. 531.
In 1859, the premiere took place on the stage of one of the capital's theaters. The audience saw a drama created by a young writer - Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich. This work is considered unique in its kind. The drama does not follow many of the laws of the genre.
"Thunderstorm" was written in the era of realism. And this means that the work is filled with symbols and images. Therefore, in our article you will learn about the meaning of the title and figurative symbolism of the drama "Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky.
The first image of a thunderstorm
The image of a thunderstorm this work multifaceted. This natural phenomenon is both the idea and the protagonist of the drama. Why do you think Ostrovsky used the image of a thunderstorm? Let's discuss this.
Please note that this phenomenon of nature in the work appears before the reader in several guises. First, the meaning of the name and figurative symbolism drama "Thunderstorm" lies in the fact that initially the reader sees a natural phenomenon. The city of Kalinov, described in the work, as well as its inhabitants live in anticipation and expectation of a thunderstorm. Everything that happens in the play lasts about two weeks. Every now and then on the streets of the town one can hear talk that a storm is coming.
IN compositional plan the thunderstorm is also the climax! It is the powerful peals of thunder that force Katerina to confess to deceit and treason. Attentive readers will notice that act 4 is accompanied by peals. One gets the impression that the writer was preparing the reader and viewer for the apogee. But that's not all. Secondly, the meaning of the title and figurative symbolism of the drama "Thunderstorm" has one more core. Let's take a look at that as well.
The second image of a thunderstorm
It turns out that each character in the work understands the storm in different ways, that is, in his own way:
- The inventor Kuligin is not afraid of it, because he does not see anything mystical in this natural phenomenon.
- Thunderstorm is perceived by Wild as a punishment, he considers it an occasion to remember the Almighty.
- The unfortunate Catherine saw in the thunderstorm the symbolism of fate and fate. So, after the most terrible roll of thunder, the young lady confessed her feelings for Boris. She fears thunderstorms because she considers them to be God's judgment. On this, the search for the meaning of the name of the play "Thunderstorm" by A.N. Ostrovsky do not end. This natural phenomenon helps Katerina to go on desperate step. Thanks to her, she admits to herself, becomes honest.
- Kabanov, her husband, sees a different meaning in a thunderstorm. The reader will recognize this at the very beginning of the play. He needs to leave for a while, thanks to this he will get rid of excessive maternal control, as well as her unbearable orders. He says that there will be no thunderstorm over him and no shackles. These words are a comparison natural disaster with endless tantrums Kabanikhi.
The author's interpretation of the meaning of the title and figurative symbolism of the drama "Thunderstorm"
Above, we have already said that the image of a thunderstorm is symbolic, multifaceted, and also polysemantic. This suggests that the title of the play contains many meanings that complement and combine with each other. All this allows the reader to understand the problem comprehensively.
It should be noted that the reader has great amount associations with the name. It is noteworthy that the author's interpretation of the work does not limit the reader, so we do not know exactly how to decipher the image-symbol that interests us.
Nevertheless, the author understands the meaning of the title and figurative symbolism of the drama "Thunderstorm" as a natural phenomenon, the beginning of which the reader observes in the first act. And in the fourth, the storm is impulsively gaining strength.
The city lives in fear of the coming of a thunderstorm. Only Kuligin is not afraid of her. After all, he alone leads a righteous life - earns a living by honest work, and so on. He does not understand the primal fear of the townspeople.
One gets the impression that the image of a thunderstorm carries a negative symbolism. However, it is not. The role of this natural phenomenon in the play is to stir and refresh public life and people. It's not in vain literary critic Dobrolyubov wrote that the city of Kalinov is a deaf kingdom in which the spirit of vices and stagnation lives. Man has become a fool because he does not know and does not understand own culture which means he doesn't know how to be human.
A thunderstorm phenomenon is trying to destroy the trap and penetrate the city. But one such thunderstorm will not be enough, as well as the death of Katerina. The death of the young lady led to the fact that the indecisive spouse for the first time acts as his conscience tells him.
The image of the river
As you may have guessed, the image of a thunderstorm in this work is transparent. That is, he is embodied and appears before the reader in different guises. However, there is another equally important image in the drama, which also contains the figurative symbolism of the drama The Thunderstorm.
We are now moving on to consider the image of the Volga River. Ostrovsky depicted it as a border that separates opposite worlds - the cruel kingdom of the city of Kalinov and the ideal world, invented by each hero of the work. The lady repeated several times that the river draws in any beauty, as it is a whirlpool. The alleged symbol of freedom in the representation of Kabanikh turns out to be a symbol of death.
Conclusion
We have examined the work of Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky - "Thunderstorm". The drama was written in the era of realism, which means that it is filled with many meanings and images.
We have seen that the meaning of the title and the figurative symbolism of the drama "Thunderstorm" is relevant even today. The skill of the author lies in the fact that he was able to depict the image of a thunderstorm in different phenomena. With the help of a natural phenomenon, he showed all aspects of Russian society early XIX century, starting from wild customs and ending with the personal drama of each of the heroes.
I used this technique in the comedy "Woe from Wit". The bottom line is that objects are endowed with a certain symbolic meaning. Images-symbols can be end-to-end, that is, repeated several times throughout the text. In this case, the meaning of the symbol becomes significant for the plot. Particular attention should be paid to those images-symbols that are included in the title of the work. That is why the emphasis should be placed on the meaning of the title and figurative symbolism of the drama The Thunderstorm.
To answer the question of what the symbolism of the title of the play "Thunderstorm" contains, it is important to know why and why the playwright used this particular image. Thunderstorm in the drama appears in several forms. The first is a natural phenomenon. Kalinov and its inhabitants seem to live in anticipation of thunder and rain. The events unfolding in the play take about 14 days. All this time from passers-by or from the main actors there are phrases that a thunderstorm is coming. The violence of the elements is the culmination of the play: it is the storm and the peals of thunder that make the heroine confess to treason.
Moreover, peals of thunder accompany almost the entire fourth act. With each stroke, the sound grows louder: Ostrovsky seems to be preparing readers for highest point the intensity of the conflict.
The symbolism of a thunderstorm includes another meaning. "Thunderstorm" is understood different heroes differently. Kuligin is not afraid of a thunderstorm, because he does not see anything mystical in it. Wild considers a thunderstorm a punishment and an occasion to remember the existence of God. Katerina sees in a thunderstorm a symbol of fate and fate - after the most rolling thunderclap, the girl confesses her feelings for Boris. Katerina is afraid of thunderstorms, because for her it is equivalent the Last Judgment. At the same time, the storm helps the girl to take a desperate step, after which she became honest with herself. For Kabanov, Katerina's husband, a thunderstorm has its own meaning. He talks about this at the beginning of the story: Tikhon needs to leave for a while, which means he needs to lose his mother's control and orders. “There will be no thunderstorm over me for two weeks, there are no shackles on my legs ...”. Tikhon compares the riot of nature with the incessant tantrums and whims of Marfa Ignatievna.
One of the main symbols in Ostrovsky's Thunderstorm can be called the Volga River. It seems to separate two worlds: the city of Kalinov, dark kingdom and the ideal world that each of the characters came up with. Indicative in this respect are the words of the Lady. Twice the woman said that the river is a whirlpool that draws in beauty. From a symbol of supposed freedom, the river turns into a symbol of death.
Katerina often compares herself to a bird. She dreams of flying away, escaping from this addictive space. “I say: why don’t people fly like birds? You know, sometimes I feel like I'm a bird. When you stand on a mountain, you are drawn to fly,” says Katya to Varvara.
Birds symbolize the freedom and lightness that a girl is deprived of.
The symbol of the court is not difficult to trace: it appears several times throughout the work. Kuligin, in conversations with Boris, mentions the court in the context of " cruel morals cities". The court appears to be a bureaucratic apparatus that is not called upon to seek the truth and punish violations. He can only take time and money. Feklusha talks about refereeing in other countries. From her point of view, only a Christian court and a court according to the laws of house building can judge righteously, while the rest are mired in sin.
Katerina, on the other hand, talks about the Almighty and about human judgment when she tells Boris about her feelings. For her, Christian laws come first, and not public opinion: "if I was not afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment?"
On the walls of the dilapidated gallery, past which the inhabitants of Kalinovo walk, scenes from the Holy Letter are depicted. In particular, the paintings of fiery hell. Katerina herself recalls this mythical place. Hell becomes synonymous with mustiness and stagnation, which Katya is afraid of. She chooses death, knowing that this is one of the worst Christian sins. But at the same time, through death, the girl gains freedom.
The symbolism of the drama "Thunderstorm" is developed in detail and includes several images-symbols. Using this technique, the author wanted to convey the severity and depth of the conflict that was both in society and within each person. This information will be useful for 10 classes when writing an essay on the topic "The meaning of the name and symbolism of the play" Thunderstorm "".
The meaning of the name and symbolism of the play "Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky - an essay on the topic |
