Arguments on the topic “Language” for the Unified State Exam essay. Problems: language, borrowing, bureaucracy, language clogging, attitude to language, quality of speech, emotional tact, eloquence, beauty of artistic expression
Attention! Before looking at the arguments for essay on the Unified State Exam from the argument bank, read first
works in full content. Remember that only full content gives complete
reading comprehension. This is important to avoid factual errors. Moreover, the arguments
contain spoilers. Accordingly, read the full content after reading the arguments
it won't be that interesting. Arguments for the Unified State Exam essay will help you have your own understanding of which arguments are best to use.
About the bank of arguments for writing the Unified State Examination
The bank contains 17 works that cover most of the problems encountered
V Unified State Exam texts. For every problem in the bank you can find at least 2 arguments!
Approximate reading time for all works: 50 hours. Reading an hour a day
you will read the entire list in less than 2 months.
The argument bank does not contain very large works like War and Peace
and "Quiet Don". They are worth reading, but it is not necessary to do this specifically for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
Having mastered the speed reading method, detailed information about which is at the end of the book, you
you can read the entire list in just 20-25 hours.
Secret 7 on arguments for composing the Unified State Exam. Great piece≠ a large number of arguments. You will see this by reading the list of references below, which includes many small but content-rich works
Arguments for writing the Unified State Examination (17 options)
1) Jack London "Martin Eden"
Genre: novel
Reading time: 8 hours.
Problems of the work Jack Londonan "Martin Eden"
The talent problem
The role of the book (reading)
The role of music in human life
The problem of loneliness
Honesty problem
Moral issues
The role of dreams (goals) in a person’s life
The problem of envy
Attitude towards parents
Argumentation of Jack Londonan's work "Martin Eden"
The main character of the work is Martin Eden, a young sailor who falls in love with Ruth, a girl from a wealthy bourgeois family. To achieve her love, a man sets himself a goal: to become famous writer. Martin begins to read books by great philosophers and writes his own works. However, the hero's relatives do not believe in his writing talent. Ruth's parents also do not believe that an uneducated sailor will be able to change and take a worthy position in society. But books change Martin's thinking. He realizes that there is much more to life than he previously thought. Thanks to hard work, Martin Eden achieves his goal. Now even those who once laughed at him admire the hero’s creativity. Having become famous, Martin does not forget his loved ones. He buys Maria the promised dairy ranch and helps his sister’s husband. However, success does not bring him happiness. The main character feels lonely more than ever, he is disappointed in his love.
Jack London demonstrated that
1) books can radically change a person’s life
2) for the sake of love a person can achieve unprecedented heights
3) success does not always bring happiness
4) even famous person might be lonely
5) how important it is to have a goal in life and go towards it, regardless of the opinions of others
6) public opinion variable, so don't rely on it
2) Theodore Dreiser “The Financier”
Genre: novel
Reading time: 10 hours.
Problems of Theodore Dreiser's work "The Financier"
The talent problem
The importance of work in human life
The problem of loneliness
The role of childhood memories
The problem of envy
The problem of greed
The Problem of Hate
The problem of spiritual degradation
Argumentation on the work of Theodore Dreiser “The Financier”
The main character of the work is Frank Cowperwood, a successful businessman from Philadelphia. Thanks to his outstanding abilities, the character quickly reaches career heights. They predict a great future for him. Meanwhile, Frank falls in love with the young beauty Eileen, the daughter of the famous Philadelphia financier Edward Butler. For her sake, the hero even divorces his first wife. The sympathy is mutual, and soon the girl’s father finds out about her. He becomes so furious that he decides to take revenge on the main character at all costs. Frank is involved in financial fraud, helping the city treasurer. Butler finds out about this and, using his connections, brings Cowperwood to trial. The main character is sentenced to prison. We see how money can destroy a person’s destiny, and love, on the contrary, can save him. Frank endures all the hardships of being in prison because he knows that Eileen is waiting for him. Cowperwood cannot be definitely called bad or a good man. He is a genius who is envied. In his actions, the hero sees one goal: the desire for beauty.
Theodore Dreiser demonstrated:
2) a talented but lonely person who, thanks to his determination, achieves success
3) social problems: corruption, inequality, lies.
4) Frank's abilities were established in childhood. He actively developed them and therefore reached such heights.
Secret 7. Works by foreign authors have a significant advantage:
Not all experts have read them. Consequently, the risk of factual error
is significantly reduced, choosing arguments for composing the Unified State Examination makes the task easier.
3) A. S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”
Genre: story
Reading time: 2.5 hours
Problems of Pushkin's story “The Captain's Daughter”
The problem of love in human life
The problem of finding happiness (the meaning of life)
The role of the family in shaping the child’s personality
The problem of honor and dishonor
Moral issues
The problem of betrayal
The problem of courage (heroism)
Argumentation of an essay based on Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”
The main character of the work is Pyotr Grinev. From the age of five, Petrusha is looked after by the stirrup Savelich. In his seventeenth year, the father decides to send his son to serve, but not in St. Petersburg, but in the army. On the way, Grinev and Savelich get caught in a snowstorm. A random person helps them get out. Peter is a grateful man; he gives the “counselor” a hare sheepskin coat. Grinev gets into Belogorsk fortress, where he meets Shvabrin, a person close to him in education, age and occupation. There the man also meets Masha Mironova, the daughter of the commandant, with whom he soon falls in love. Because of her, Grinev has a quarrel with Shvabrin, which ends in a duel and injury to the protagonist. The Belogorsk fortress is attacked by the troops of Emelyan Pugachev and, despite the heroic resistance of the defenders, they capture it. Pugachev recognizes Grinev, who once did not spare him a sheepskin coat, and saves his life. Despite this, main character he sincerely tells the peasant chieftain that he does not promise not to serve against him. The amazed Pugachev releases Grinev. The hero goes to Orenburg, where he asks for help. He is refused, so Peter and Savelich decide to return to the fortress on their own to free Masha. And again fate brings Grinev and Pugachev together, giving the officer the opportunity to fulfill his intention: having learned from Grinev the essence of the matter for which he is going to the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev himself decides to help the orphan and punish the offender.
Soon the main character is arrested on suspicion of assisting the rebels, but Masha saves him.
Pushkin demonstrated:
1) the power of love, which helps to cope with any difficulties in life
2) strength, spirit and honor of real Russian warriors
3) which one big role family and upbringing play a role in personality formation
4) why is betrayal dangerous?
Secret 9. " Captain's daughter"in terms of the number of arguments and issues, it is almost equal to "War and Peace", which means it is not difficult to find arguments for composing the Unified State Examination.
4) A. S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”
Genre: comedy
Reading time: 1 hour
Problems of Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit"
The role of the book (reading)
Honesty problem
The role of education in human life
The problem of relationships between generations
Argumentation of an essay based on Griboedov’s work “Woe from Wit”
One of central characters works is Alexander Chatsky. He sincerely loves Sophia, the daughter of master Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov. Arriving at her, the hero is faced with a lack of understanding from both the girl and the “ Famusov society”, conservative people who think that Chatsky has gone crazy. And all because Alexander Andreevich exposes their vices: veneration for rank, narrowness of thinking. The hero tries to explain to Sophia that Molchalin does not really love her, but only strives for personal gain and career advancement, but she does not believe Chatsky and only at the end of the work she understands the mistake.
Griboyedov demonstrated:
1) how wrong public opinion is sometimes
2) love can be blind, so you need to be very careful and thoughtful when choosing a partner
3) such vices as veneration, feeble-mindedness, hypocrisy
4) the role of education and upbringing in human life
5) Vasil Bykov “Sotnikov”
Genre: story
Reading time: 3 hours
Problems of Bykov's story "Sotnikov"
The Problem of Heroism
The problem of honor and dishonor
The problem of betrayal
Military problems
The problem of courage (heroism)
The problem of cowardice
The problem of cruelty
Argumentation of an essay for the Unified State Exam based on Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”
The central characters of the work are Sotnikov and Rybak, Soviet intelligence officers who are captured by the Germans. Sotnikov refuses to tell the Nazis any information about the location of Soviet troops. The fisherman is afraid of losing his life, so he agrees to cooperate with the enemy. At the end of the story, he is accepted into the ranks of the Nazis, and he, a Soviet soldier, kills his comrade.
Bykov shows us:
1) the heroism of the Soviet soldier in the image of Sotnikov
2) cowardice and betrayal in the image of the Fisherman
6) M. A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”
Genre: story
Reading time: 40 minutes
Problems of Sholokhov's story “The Fate of Man”
The Problem of Heroism
The problem of moral choice
The problem of betrayal
The problem of courage (heroism)
Military problems
The problem of cowardice
The problem of cruelty
Argumentation
The main character of the work is Andrei Sokolov, a Soviet soldier. One day he voluntarily agreed to carry out a very difficult operation: to carry shells across the front line for an artillery unit. Sokolov's car was blown up, as a result of which the hero lost consciousness, and then was captured by the Germans. In the face of death, he does not lose heart. When he was offered to drink German weapons to the victory, he refused. Instead, he drinks to his death. Amazed by the soldier’s courage, the Nazis spare his life. Sokolov is transferred and assigned as the driver of a German engineer. Near Polotsk, Andrei flees, taking a fascist with him. After a meeting with the command, the hero writes a letter to his wife Irina, but receives a response from a neighbor who reports that his wife and daughters died as a result of the bombing. Sokolov hopes to meet his son Anatoly, who, like his father, is serving at the front. However, on the last day of the war, the young man is killed by a German sniper. Andrey returns to Russia. There he meets Vanya, whose mother died and his father disappeared at the front. Sokolov says that he is the boy’s father and adopts him.
Mikhail Sholokhov demonstrated
1) the heroism of the Russian soldier
2) how important it is not to lose the ability to empathize with your neighbor even in difficult life circumstances
Secret 10. You must have 2 works about war in stock. In addition to “Sotnikov” and “The Fate of Man,” one can cite arguments from the poem “Vasily Terkin” by Alexander Tvardovsky, the story “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet” by Boris Vasiliev, “The Tale of a Real Man” by Boris Polevoy and other works about the war
7. Arguments for the Unified State Examination of Ray Bradbury’s novel “Fahrenheit 451”
Genre: novel
Reading time: 3 hours
Issues
The problem of historical memory
Social problems (corruption, crime, public opinion)
The problem of envy
The problem of greed
The Problem of Hate
The problem of the destructive influence of money
The problem of spiritual degradation
The importance of science for humanity
Argumentation
The main character of the work is Guy Montag, a fireman. The novel describes a future American society in which books are banned and burned.
The author depicts people who have lost contact with each other, with nature, with intellectual heritage humanity. People rush to or from work, never saying what they think or feel, admiring only material values. At home, they surround themselves with interactive television and fill their free time watching programs and endless series. Montag meets Clarissa McLellan, who loves nature and knows how to truly live. The man begins to secretly take away the books that he was supposed to burn. Guy realizes that all this time he was leading wrong life and passionately wants to change.
Ray Bradbury demonstrated
1) the role of books in a person’s life
2) the harmful influence of technology
3) fallacy of public opinion
Secret 11. Instead of the novel “Fahrenheit 451”, you can use any other dystopian novels on this issue: George Orwell “1984”, E. I. Zamyatin “We”, O. Huxley “O wondrous one, new world»
V. G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”
Genre: story
Reading time: 2.5 hours
Issues
The talent problem
The role of art in human life
The role of music in human life
The role of childhood in human life
The role of childhood memories
Argumentation
In the South-West of Ukraine, into the family of rich village landowners Popelsky, a blind boy Peter is born. Peter's father is a good-natured man, but rather indifferent to everything except housekeeping. My uncle, Maxim Yatsenko, has a fighting character. Uncle decides to start raising Petrus. The boy loves to listen to the groom Joachim play the pipe and also wants to learn this skill. His mother teaches him to play the piano. On the neighboring estate of the elderly Yaskulskys, their daughter Evelina, the same age as Petrus, is growing up. This beautiful girl calm and reasonable. Soon Evelina and Petrus become friends.
Meanwhile, the boy develops a surprising musical talent. He is predicted to become famous.
Peter becomes seriously ill. After recovery, he announces to his family that he will go with Uncle Maxim to Kyiv, where he will take lessons from a famous musician.
In fact, he, together with blind beggars, among whom Uncle Maxim’s acquaintance Fyodor Kandyba, goes to Pochaev. On this journey, Peter recognizes the world in its diversity and, empathizing with the grief of others, forgets about his own suffering. Soon he marries Evelina.
Years pass. Peter becomes famous musician. Uncle Maxim understands that his nephew was able to feel life in its fullness, to remind people of the suffering of others. Realizing his own merit in this, Maxim is convinced that he did not live his life in vain.
Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko demonstrated
1) the influence of music/art on human life
2) the extraordinary fortitude of a blind musician
3) the power of love, which helps to overcome any difficulties
4) what is real talent
9) V. P. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”
Genre: story
Reading time for the chapter “The King Fish”: 40 minutes (total work: 8 hours)
Issues
Human influence on nature
The influence of nature on humans
Environmental problem
Argumentation
One of the central characters of the work is Ignatyich, a successful fisherman. He has become a real master in his craft and often helps people, but there is no sincerity in his actions. Ignatyich uses his skills to the detriment of nature, engaging in poaching. And then one day he caught huge fish, which I couldn’t cope with. At first, the fisherman did not want to call his brother for help, so as not to share the catch with him. In a fight with a fish, the hero realizes that he is dying, and then he repents, understands that he led an unworthy life.
Astafiev shows:
1) human powerlessness before nature
2) nature can change a person’s character
3) the destructive influence of man on nature
10) B. L. Vasiliev “Don’t shoot white swans”
Genre: novel
Reading time: 3 hours
Issues
Human influence on nature
The influence of nature on humans
The importance of work in human life
Honesty problem
Environmental problem
Human attitude towards animals
Arguments for the Unified State Exam essay based on Vasiliev’s novel “Don’t Shoot White Swans”
The main character of the work is Yegor Polushkin. The man moved to a village around which endless forests once roared. Over the course of several decades, they were cut down. They came to their senses when there was only one grove left near the Black Lake. Fedor Buryanov was appointed forester in the village. On his native collective farm, Yegor Polushkin was in good standing, but it was difficult for him to work in his new place. All of Polushkin’s troubles stem from the fact that he couldn’t work without a soul. One day Yegor was tasked with digging a trench for a sewer pipe. The trench turned out to be straight, like an arrow, until an anthill was encountered on its way. Polushkin took pity on the hardworking insects and let the trench go around.
Buryanov has a consumerist attitude towards nature; the main thing for him is to earn more money.
Boris Vasiliev demonstrated:
1) the harmful influence of humans on nature
2) good attitude towards nature
3) the influence of nature on humans
11) V. G. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”
Genre: story
Reading time: 4 hours.
Issues
The problem of preserving cultural monuments
The problem of historical memory
Argumentation
The action takes place in the village of Matera, located on the island of the same name in the middle of the Angara. In connection with the construction of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, the village must be flooded and the residents resettled. Many people do not want to leave Matera, where they have spent their whole lives. These are mostly old people who accept consent to flood the village as treason to their ancestors buried in native land. main character, Daria Pinigina, is whitewashing her hut, which in a few days will be set on fire by the sanitary brigade, and does not agree for her son to move it to the city. The old woman does not know what she will do after the death of the village, she is afraid of change. Other residents are in a similar situation and are no longer able to get used to city life. Daria's neighbor, Yegor, dies soon after leaving for the city, and his wife, Nastasya, returns to Matera.
Young people bear farewell to their native land much easier: Daria’s grandson Andrei, her neighbor Klava. The younger generation believes that in the city they will find better life, does not value his native village.
Valentin Rasputin demonstrated:
1) the importance of preserving historical memory
2) the destructive role of technology
12) D. S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful”
Reading time: 2 hours
Issues
The problem of language purity
The problem of finding happiness (the meaning of life)
Arguments for the Unified State Exam essay based on Likhachev’s book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful”
The work is a collection of 46 letters, each of which touches on a specific problem (or even several). This is a real treasure trove of arguments. When making arguments on the Unified State Exam, you must indicate the number and title of the letter. For example: in the work “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” in letter twenty-two “Love reading!” Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev discusses the importance of reading.
The table above shows arguments for the most rare problems of the Unified State Exam, which are difficult to take from other works.
A secret for readers. You can give examples from your favorite works that are not included in the school curriculum, if they contain the necessary arguments. “Harry Potter” or “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” are assessed on the Unified State Exam in exactly the same way as the classics.
13) I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov”
Genre: novel
Reading time: 8 hours
Issues
The role of childhood in human life
The role of childhood memories
The role of the family in shaping the child’s personality
The problem of education
Arguments for the essay Unified State Exam of the novel Goncharov "Oblomov"
The main character of the work is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a landowner. In the chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” the author depicts a beautiful corner of Russia. Oblomovka is a patriarchal paradise on earth. It seems that nature protects residents from adversity and problems outside world. The reader sees that this is reflected in the character of the main character. He has kindness, love for his neighbor, for which his friend Stolz respects him.
In addition, it is worth noting that Oblomov was brought up in noble family. His parents did not refuse him anything. He could always eat and sleep as much as he wanted. Stolz was brought up in a poor family. When the boy grew up, his father began to take him with him to the field, to the market, and taught him to work. We see that Stolz grew up to be a purposeful, active person.
Ivan Goncharov demonstrated:
1) the role of education in personality development
2) the influence of nature on humans
3) the role of childhood in later life person
14) D. I. Fonvizin “Minor”
Genre: comedy
Reading time: 1 hour
Issues
The role of the family in shaping the child’s personality
The problem of education
Arguments for the composition of the Unified State Examination of Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor”
The central characters of the work are Mrs. Prostakova and her son Mitrofan. His mother tries to raise him, but only makes things worse. The teachers indulge the lazy Mitrofanushka, so no progress is observed. Mrs. Prostakova wants to marry him to Sophia, who, as it turns out, is entitled to a large inheritance. However, Starodum, the girl’s uncle, clearly sees Mitrofan’s lack of education and, of course, refuses.
Fonvizin demonstrated:
1) the role of the family in shaping the child’s personality (Mitrofan is very similar to his mother)
2) it is impossible to force a person to develop if he himself does not want it
15) Arguments for the essay of the Unified State Exam based on the story by K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”
Genre: story
Reading time: 15 minutes
Issues
Attitude towards parents
The problem of relationships between generations
Argumentation
The central characters of the work are Katerina Petrovna and her daughter Nastya, who works in Leningrad. One day, an elderly woman becomes ill, and she writes a letter to her daughter asking her to come. Katerina Petrovna loved Nastya very much and wanted to see her before she died. But the daughter, immersed in work, is late. When Nastya arrives in Zaborye, she finds only a fresh grave mound. She repents, but, unfortunately, nothing can be changed.
Paustovsky demonstrated:
1) how important it is to pay attention to your relatives
2) relationship between mother and daughter
16) V. G. Rasputin “French Lessons”
Genre: story
Reading time: 40 minutes
Issues
The role of a teacher in a person's life
Arguments for the Unified State Examination essay on Rasputin’s story “French Lessons”
The main character of the work is an eleven-year-old boy, on whose behalf the story is told. He studied well at school, got straight A's, except French: he was unable to pronounce. One day the hero learns that you can earn money by playing "chika", and he tries it to buy milk for treatment. When Lydia Mikhailovna, a French teacher, finds out about this, she decides to study with him separately. The teacher really wanted to help the poor boy: she even sent him a parcel of food, but he returned it. Then Lidia Mikhailovna begins to play with him for money, giving in to the boy. Having learned about the teacher’s act, the school director considered playing with a student almost a crime. The woman leaves for her home in Kuban, but she does not forget the boy and sends him a parcel with pasta and apples. Lidia Mikhailovna is a kind, selfless and noble person. Even after losing her job, she does not blame the boy for anything and does not forget about him.
Rasputin demonstrated:
1) the role of the teacher in the development of the child’s personality
2) selfless attitude towards one's neighbor
17) Mikhail Krongauz “The Russian language is on the verge of nervous
breakdown"
Genre: journalism (in your essay, write just a work or a book)
Reading time: 4 hours
Issues
The problem of language purity
The problem of preserving the Russian language
Arguments for the Unified State Examination essay based on the work of Mikhail Krongauz “The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous
breakdown"
The author examines such phenomena as changes in spelling and orthoepic norms, the emergence large quantity borrowed words, mixing of styles. Krongauz looks to the future optimistically, interpreting these changes as signs of what has not been lost. creative potential language. The writer also examines processes such as the “withering away” of words, when certain words cease to be in common use.
On a note. It is better to know one work perfectly than to read it summary ten. You can get a lot out of one more arguments than from a quick reading of a few.
At passing the Unified State Exam(Russian language) problems for students may be different. This is mainly due to difficulties in justifying certain aspects of the topics proposed for writing. The rest of the article will discuss the correct use of various arguments.
General information
Various difficulties in the exam are caused not so much by the student’s lack of any information on the topic. Most likely, the student is unable to apply the information he or she has as expected. For this reason, the necessary statements are not fully substantiated or not as needed in order to successfully complete the task. First, statements should be formed, and then corresponding justifications for them - problems and arguments. The Russian language is very multifaceted. All statements and justifications must carry a certain meaning. The rest of the article will explore various topics and arguments.
The problem of the Russian language
Preserving vocabulary is the task of every person. The problems of the Russian language are revealed in various works. Discussions on this topic can be found both in classical and in modern prose. In their works, the authors also put forward arguments. The problem of the Russian language, for example, is revealed in Knyshev’s work. In it, the author speaks in a humorous manner about lovers of borrowed words. His work “O great and mighty Russian, the absurdity of speech oversaturated with these elements. Related topic reveals M. Krongauz. According to the author, the problems of the modern Russian language are the oversaturation of speech with words related to the Internet, fashion, and youth movements. In his book he expresses his point of view. The title of the work speaks for itself: “The Russian language is on the verge nervous breakdown".
Here is a bank of arguments for an essay on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. It's dedicated military themes. Each problem corresponds literary examples, which are necessary for writing a paper highest quality. The title corresponds to the formulation of the problem, under the title there are arguments (3-5 pieces depending on complexity). You can also download these arguments in table form(link at the end of the article). We hope that they will help you in preparing for the Unified State Exam.
- In Vasil Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” Rybak betrayed his homeland, fearing torture. When two comrades, looking for provisions for a partisan detachment, ran into the invaders, they were forced to retreat and hide in the village. However, their enemies found them in the house of a local resident and decided to interrogate them using violence. Sotnikov passed the test with honor, but his friend joined the punitive forces. He decided to become a policeman, although he intended to run away to his own people at the first opportunity. However, this act forever crossed out Rybak’s future. Having knocked out the supports from under his comrade’s feet, he became a traitor and a vile murderer who is not worthy of forgiveness.
- In Alexander Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter, cowardice turned into a personal tragedy for the hero: he lost everything. Trying to win the favor of Marya Mironova, he decided to be cunning and disingenuous, rather than behave courageously. And so, at the decisive moment, when the Belgorod fortress was captured by the rebels, and Masha’s parents were brutally killed, Alexey did not stand up for them, did not protect the girl, but changed into a simple dress and joined the invaders, saving his life. His cowardice completely repulsed the heroine, and even being in his captivity, she proudly and adamantly resisted his caresses. In her opinion, it is better to die than to be at one with a coward and a traitor.
- In Valentin Rasputin’s work “Live and Remember,” Andrei deserts and runs to his home, to his native village. Unlike him, his wife was a courageous and devoted woman, so she, risking herself, covers her runaway husband. He lives in a nearby forest, and she carries everything he needs secretly from the neighbors. But Nastya’s absences became public knowledge. Fellow villagers swam after her in a boat. To save Andrei, Nastena drowned herself without betraying the deserter. But the coward in her person lost everything: love, salvation, family. His fear of war destroyed the only person who loved him.
- In Tolstoy's story " Prisoner of the Caucasus“Two heroes are contrasted: Zhilin and Kostygin. While one, having been captured by the mountaineers, bravely fights for his freedom, the other humbly waits for his relatives to pay the ransom. Fear clouds his eyes, and he does not understand that this money will support the rebels and their fight against his compatriots. For him, only his own fate comes first, and he doesn’t care about the interests of his homeland. Obviously, cowardice manifests itself in war and reveals such traits of nature as selfishness, weak character and insignificance.
Overcoming fear in war
- In Vsevolod Garshin’s story “Coward,” the hero is afraid to perish in the name of someone’s political ambitions. He is worried that he, with all his plans and dreams, will end up as just a last name and initials in a dry newspaper report. He doesn’t understand why he needs to fight and risk himself, what all these sacrifices are for. His friends, of course, say that he is driven by cowardice. They gave him food for thought, and he decided to volunteer for the front. The hero realized that he was sacrificing himself for the sake of a great cause - the salvation of his people and homeland. He died, but was happy, because he had taken a truly significant step, and his life acquired meaning.
- In Mikhail Sholokhov's story “The Fate of a Man,” Andrei Sokolov overcomes the fear of death and does not agree to drink to the victory of the Third Reich, as the commandant demands. He already faces punishment for inciting rebellion and disrespecting his guards. The only way to avoid death is to accept Muller’s toast, to betray the homeland in words. Of course, the man wanted to live and was afraid of torture, but honor and dignity were more important to him. Mentally and spiritually, he fought with the occupiers, even standing in front of the camp commander. And he defeated him by force of will, refusing to carry out his order. The enemy recognized the superiority of the Russian spirit and rewarded the soldier who, even in captivity, overcomes fear and defends the interests of his country.
- In Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Pierre Bezukhov is afraid to participate in hostilities: he is awkward, timid, weak, not fit for military service. However, seeing the scope and horror Patriotic War 1812, he decided to go alone and kill Napoleon. He was not at all obliged to go to besieged Moscow and risk himself; with his money and influence, he could sit out in a secluded corner of Russia. But he goes to help the people in some way. Pierre, of course, does not kill the French emperor, but saves the girl from the fire, and this is already a lot. He conquered his fear and did not hide from the war.
The problem of imaginary and real heroism
- In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Fyodor Dolokhov shows excessive cruelty during military operations. He enjoys violence, while always demanding rewards and praise for his imaginary heroism, which contains more vanity than courage. For example, he grabbed an officer who had already surrendered by the collar and insisted for a long time that it was he who took him prisoner. While soldiers like Timokhin modestly and simply carried out their duty, Fedor boasted and boasted about his exaggerated achievements. He did this not for the sake of saving his homeland, but for the sake of self-affirmation. This is false, unreal heroism.
- In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Andrei Bolkonsky goes to war for the sake of his career, and not for the bright future of his country. He only cares about the glory that Napoleon, for example, received. In pursuit of her, he leaves his pregnant wife alone. Finding himself on the battlefield, the prince rushes into a bloody battle, calling on many people to sacrifice themselves with him. However, his throw did not change the outcome of the battle, but only ensured new losses. Having realized this, Andrei realizes the insignificance of his motives. From this moment on, he no longer chases recognition, he only cares about fate home country, and only for her is he ready to return to the front and sacrifice himself.
- In the story “Sotnikov” by Vasil Bykov, Rybak was known as a strong and brave fighter. He was in good health and powerful in appearance. In fights he had no equal. But the real test showed that all his actions were just empty boasting. Fearing torture, Rybak accepts the enemy’s offer and becomes a policeman. There was not a drop of real courage in his feigned courage, so he could not withstand the moral pressure of the fear of pain and death. Unfortunately, imaginary virtues are recognized only in trouble, and his comrades did not know whom they trusted.
- In Boris Vasiliev’s story “Not on the Lists,” the hero single-handedly defends the Brest Fortress, all the other defenders of which fell dead. Nikolai Pluzhnikov himself can barely stand on his feet, but he still fulfills his duty until the end of his life. Someone, of course, will say that this is reckless on his part. There is safety in numbers. But I still think that in his position this is the only right choice, because he will not get out and join combat-ready units. So isn't it better to give the last fight than to waste a bullet on yourself? In my opinion, Pluzhnikov’s act is a feat of a real man who faces the truth.
- Victor Astafiev’s novel “Cursed and Killed” describes dozens of destinies of ordinary children whom the war drove into the most difficult conditions: hunger, mortal risk, illness and constant fatigue. They are not soldiers, but ordinary residents of villages and villages, prisons and camps: illiterate, cowardly, tight-fisted and not even very honest. All of them are just cannon fodder in battle; many are of no use. What motivates them? The desire to curry favor and get a deferment or a job in the city? Hopelessness? Maybe their stay at the front is reckless? You can answer in different ways, but I still think that their sacrifices and modest contribution to the victory were not in vain, but necessary. I am sure that their behavior is not always controlled consciously, but true strength- love for the fatherland. The author shows how and why it manifests itself in each of the characters. Therefore, I consider their courage to be genuine.
- In Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Berg, the husband of Vera Rostova, shows blasphemous indifference to his compatriots. During the evacuation from besieged Moscow, he takes advantage of people's grief and confusion by buying their rare and valuable items cheaper. He does not care about the fate of his fatherland, he only looks into his own pocket. The troubles of the surrounding refugees, frightened and oppressed by the war, do not touch him in any way. At the same time, the peasants are burning all their property so that it does not fall to the enemy. They burn houses, kill livestock, and destroy entire villages. For the sake of victory, they risk everything, go into the forests and live as one family. In contrast, Tolstoy shows indifference and compassion, contrasting the dishonest elite with the poor, who turned out to be richer spiritually.
- Alexander Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” describes the unity of the people in the face of a mortal threat. In the chapter “Two Soldiers,” the old people welcome Vasily and even feed him, having spent precious food supplies on the stranger. In exchange for hospitality, the hero repairs the elderly couple's watches and other utensils, and also entertains them with encouraging conversations. Although the old woman is reluctant to take out the treat, Terkin does not reproach her, because he understands how difficult life is for them in the village, where there is even no one to help chop wood - everyone is at the front. However, even different people find mutual language and have compassion for each other when clouds have gathered over their homeland. This unity was the author’s call.
- In Vasil Bykov's story "Sotnikov" Demchikha hides partisans, despite the mortal risk. She hesitates, being a frightened and persecuted village woman, not a heroine from the cover. Before us is a living person who is not without weaknesses. She is not happy with uninvited guests, policemen are circling the village, and if they find something, no one will survive. And yet, the woman’s compassion takes over: she shelters the resistance fighters. And her feat did not go unnoticed: during interrogation with torture and torture, Sotnikov does not betray his patroness, carefully trying to shield her and shift the blame onto himself. Thus, mercy in war begets mercy, and cruelty only leads to cruelty.
- In Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" some episodes are described that indicate the manifestation of indifference and responsiveness towards prisoners. The Russian people saved officer Rambal and his orderly from death. The frozen French themselves came to the enemy camp, they were dying of frostbite and hunger. Our compatriots showed mercy: they fed them porridge, poured them warming vodka, and even carried the officer into the tent in their arms. But the occupiers were less compassionate: a Frenchman I knew did not stand up for Bezukhov when he saw him in the crowd of prisoners. The count himself barely survived, receiving the meager rations in prison and walking in the cold on a leash. In such conditions, the weakened Platon Karataev, to whom none of the enemies even thought of giving porridge with vodka, died. The example of Russian soldiers is instructive: it demonstrates the truth that in war you need to remain human.
- An interesting example was described by Alexander Pushkin in the novel “The Captain's Daughter”. Pugachev, the ataman of the rebels, showed mercy and pardoned Peter, respecting his kindness and generosity. The young man once gave him a short fur coat, not stinging in helping a stranger from the common people. Emelyan continued to do good to him even after the “reckoning”, because in the war he strove for justice. But Empress Catherine showed indifference to the fate of the officer devoted to her and surrendered only to the persuasion of Marya. During the war, she showed barbaric cruelty by arranging the execution of rebels in the square. It is not surprising that the people rebelled against her despotic power. Only compassion can help a person stop destructive force hatred and enmity.
- In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" younger son The main character is at a crossroads between love and homeland. He chooses the first, forever renouncing his family and homeland. His comrades did not accept his choice. The father was especially grieved, because the only chance to restore the honor of the family was to kill the traitor. The military brotherhood took revenge for the death of their loved ones and for the oppression of the faith, Andriy trampled on holy vengeance, and for defending this idea Taras also made his difficult but necessary choice. He kills his son, proving to his fellow soldiers that the most important thing for him, as an ataman, is the salvation of his homeland, and not petty interests. Thus, he forever cements the Cossack partnership, which will fight the “Poles” even after his death.
- In Leo Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” the heroine also made a desperate decision. Dina liked the Russian man who was forcibly held by her relatives, friends, and her people. She was faced with a choice between kinship and love, the bonds of duty and the dictates of feeling. She hesitated, thought, decided, but could not help but help, because she understood that Zhilin was not worthy of such a fate. He is kind, strong and honest, but he does not have money for ransom, and that is not his fault. Despite the fact that the Tatars and Russians fought, that one captured the other, the girl did moral choice in favor of justice rather than cruelty. This probably expresses the superiority of children over adults: even in struggle they show less anger.
- In Remarque's novel "On western front without change" depicts the image of a military commissar who called on high school students, still just boys, to the First World War. At the same time, we remember from history that Germany did not defend itself, but attacked, that is, the guys went to their death for the sake of other people’s ambitions. However, their hearts were set on fire by the words of this dishonest man. So, the main characters went to the front. And only there they realized that their agitator was a coward hiding in the rear. He sends young men to their deaths, while he himself sits at home. His choice is immoral. He exposes this seemingly courageous officer as a weak-willed hypocrite.
- In Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin,” the main character swims across an icy river to bring important reports to the attention of the command. He throws himself into the water under fire, risking freezing to death or drowning after catching an enemy bullet. But Vasily makes a choice in favor of duty - an idea that is larger than himself. He contributes to victory, thinking not about himself, but about the outcome of the operation.
- In Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Natasha Rostova is ready to give up carts to the wounded in order to help them avoid persecution by the French and leave the besieged city. She is ready to lose valuable things, despite the fact that her family is on the verge of ruin. It's all about her upbringing: the Rostovs were always ready to help and help a person out of trouble. Relationships are more valuable to them than money. But Berg, the husband of Vera Rostova, during the evacuation, bargained things cheaply from frightened people in order to make capital. Alas, in war not everyone passes the test of morality. True face a person, an egoist or a benefactor, will always prove himself.
- IN " Sevastopol stories"Leo Tolstoy's "circle of aristocrats" demonstrates the unpleasant character traits of the nobility, who found themselves at war because of vanity. For example, Galtsin is a coward, everyone knows about it, but no one talks about it, because he is a high-born nobleman. He lazily offers his help on the outing, but everyone hypocritically dissuades him, knowing that he won’t go anywhere, and he’s of little use. This man is a cowardly egoist who thinks only of himself, not paying attention to the needs of the fatherland and the tragedy of his own people. At the same time, Tolstoy describes the silent feat of doctors who work overtime and restrain their frenzied nerves from the horror they saw. They will not be rewarded or promoted, they do not care about this, because they have one goal - to save as many soldiers as possible.
- In Mikhail Bulgakov's novel " White Guard» Sergei Talberg leaves his wife and runs away from a country torn by civil war. He selfishly and cynically leaves in Russia everything that was dear to him, everything to which he swore to be faithful to the end. Elena was taken under the protection of her brothers, who, unlike their relative, served to the last the one to whom they took the oath. They protected and consoled their abandoned sister, because all the conscientious people united under the burden of the threat. For example, the commander Nai-Tours performs an outstanding feat, saving the cadets from imminent death in a futile battle. He himself dies, but helps innocent young men deceived by the hetman to save their lives and leave the besieged city.
- In the novel by Mikhail Sholokhov “ Quiet Don“The entire Cossack people becomes a victim of the war. The former way of life is collapsing due to fratricidal strife. Breadwinners die, children become unruly, widows go crazy from grief and the unbearable yoke of labor. The fate of absolutely all the characters is tragic: Aksinya and Peter die, Daria becomes infected with syphilis and commits suicide, Grigory is disappointed in life, lonely and forgotten Natalya dies, Mikhail becomes callous and impudent, Dunyasha runs away and lives unhappily. All generations are in discord, brother goes against brother, the land is orphaned, because in the heat of battle it was forgotten. Eventually Civil War led only to devastation and grief, and not to the bright future that all the warring parties promised.
- In Mikhail Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" the hero became another victim of the war. A Russian military man picked him up, forcibly took him away from his home, and probably would have continued to control his fate if the boy had not fallen ill. Then his almost lifeless body was thrown into the care of the monks in a nearby monastery. Mtsyri grew up, he was destined for the fate of a novice, and then a clergyman, but he never came to terms with the arbitrariness of his captors. The young man wanted to return to his homeland, reunite with his family, and quench his thirst for love and life. However, he was deprived of all this, because he was just a prisoner, and even after escaping he found himself back in his prison. This story is an echo of war, as the struggle of countries cripples the fate of ordinary people.
- In Nikolai Gogol's novel " Dead Souls"There is an insert that is a separate story. This is a story about Captain Kopeikin. It tells about the fate of a cripple who became a victim of war. In the battle for his homeland, he became disabled. Hoping to receive a pension or some kind of assistance, he came to the capital and began visiting officials. However, they became bitter in their comfortable workplaces and only drove the poor man, without making his life filled with suffering any easier. Alas, constant wars in Russian Empire gave rise to many such cases, so no one really reacted to them. You can’t even definitely blame anyone here. Society became indifferent and cruel, so people defended themselves from constant worries and losses.
- In the story by Varlam Shalamov “ Last Stand Major Pugachev”, the main characters, who honestly defended their homeland during the war, ended up in a labor camp in their homeland because they were once prisoners of the Germans. No one took pity on these worthy people, no one showed mercy, but they were not guilty of being captured. And it’s not just about cruel and unjust politicians, it’s about the people, who have become hardened from constant grief, from inescapable deprivation. Society itself indifferently listened to the suffering of innocent soldiers. And they, too, were forced to kill the guards, run and shoot back, because the bloody massacre made them like that: merciless, angry and desperate.
- In Boris Vasiliev's story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” the main characters are women. They, of course, were more afraid than men to go to war; each of them still had close and dear people. Rita even left her son to her parents. However, the girls fight selflessly and do not retreat, even though they are up against sixteen soldiers. Each of them fights heroically, each overcomes her fear of death in the name of saving her homeland. Their feat is taken especially hard, because fragile women have no place on the battlefield. However, they destroyed this stereotype and conquered the fear that constrained even more suitable fighters.
- In Boris Vasiliev’s novel “Not on the Lists,” the last defenders of the Brest Fortress are trying to save women and children from starvation. They don't have enough water and supplies. With pain in their hearts, the soldiers see them off to German captivity, there is no other way out. However, the enemies did not spare even expectant mothers. Pluzhnikov's pregnant wife, Mirra, is beaten to death with boots and pierced with a bayonet. Her mutilated corpse is pelted with bricks. The tragedy of war is that it dehumanizes people, releasing all their hidden vices.
- In Arkady Gaidar's work “Timur and His Team,” the heroes are not soldiers, but young pioneers. While the fierce battle continues on the fronts, they, as best they can, help the fatherland to survive in trouble. The guys do the hard work for widows, orphans and single mothers who don’t even have anyone to chop wood. They secretly perform all these tasks without waiting for praise and honor. For them, the main thing is to make their modest but important contribution to victory. Their destinies are also ruined by the war. Zhenya, for example, is growing up in the care of older sister, but they see their father once every few months. However, this does not prevent children from fulfilling their small civic duty.
- In Boris Vasiliev’s novel “Not on the Lists,” Mirra is forced to surrender when she discovers that she is pregnant with Nikolai’s child. There is no water or food in their shelter; the young people miraculously survive, because they are being hunted. But a lame Jewish girl emerges from hiding to save the life of her child. Pluzhnikov is watching her vigilantly. However, she was unable to blend into the crowd. So that her husband does not give himself away, does not go to save her, she moves away, and Nikolai does not see how his wife is beaten by the rabid invaders, how they wound her with a bayonet, how they cover her body with bricks. There is so much nobility, so much love and self-sacrifice in this act of hers that it is difficult to perceive it without an internal shudder. The fragile woman turned out to be stronger, more courageous and nobler than the representatives of the “chosen nation” and the stronger sex.
- In Nikolai Gogol's story "Taras Bulba", Ostap shows true nobility in war conditions when he does not utter a single cry even under torture. He did not give the enemy spectacle and rejoicing by defeating him spiritually. In his dying word, he only addressed his father, whom he did not expect to hear. But I heard. And he realized that their cause was alive, which means he was alive. In this self-denial in the name of an idea, his rich and strong nature was revealed. But the idle crowd surrounding him is a symbol of human baseness, because people gathered to savor the pain of another person. This is terrible, and Gogol emphasizes how terrible the face of this motley public is, how disgusting its murmur is. He contrasted her cruelty with Ostap’s virtue, and we understand whose side the author is on in this conflict.
- The nobility and baseness of a person are truly manifested only in emergency situations. For example, in Vasil Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” two heroes behaved completely differently, although they lived side by side in the same detachment. The fisherman betrayed his country, his friends, and his duty out of fear of pain and death. He became a policeman and even helped his new comrades hang their former partner. Sotnikov did not think about himself, although he suffered from torture. He tried to save Demchikha, his former friend, and avert trouble from the detachment. So he blamed everything on himself. This noble man did not allow himself to be broken and gave his life for his homeland with dignity.
- Leo Tolstoy's Sevastopol Stories describes the irresponsibility of many fighters. They just show off in front of each other, and go to work only for the sake of promotion. They do not think at all about the outcome of the battle, they are only interested in rewards. For example, Mikhailov only cares about making friends with a circle of aristocrats and receiving some benefits from his service. Having received a wound, he even refuses to bandage it so that everyone will be shocked by the sight of blood, because there is a reward for a serious injury. Therefore, it is not surprising that in the finale Tolstoy describes precisely defeat. With such an attitude towards your duty to your homeland, it is impossible to win.
- In “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” an unknown author tells about the instructive campaign of Prince Igor against the Polovtsians. Striving to gain easy glory, he leads a squad against the nomads, neglecting the concluded truce. Russian troops defeat their enemies, but at night the nomads take the sleeping and drunken warriors by surprise, kill many, and take the rest prisoner. The young prince repented of his extravagance, but it was too late: the squad was killed, his estate was without an owner, his wife was in grief, like the rest of the people. The opposite of the frivolous ruler is the wise Svyatoslav, who says that the Russian lands need to be united, and that you shouldn’t just meddle with your enemies. He takes his mission responsibly and condemns Igor’s vanity. His “Golden Word” subsequently became the basis political system Rus'.
- In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, two types of commanders are contrasted with each other: Kutuzov and Alexander the First. One takes care of his people, puts the well-being of the army above victory, while the other thinks only about the quick success of the cause, and he does not care about the sacrifices of the soldiers. Due to the illiterate and short-sighted decisions of the Russian emperor, the army suffered losses, the soldiers were dejected and confused. But Kutuzov’s tactics brought Russia complete deliverance from the enemy at minimal losses. Therefore, it is very important to be a responsible and humane leader during the battle.
Mercy and indifference in an atmosphere of hostilities
Moral Choices in War
Mutual assistance and selfishness on the front line
Negative impact of war on society
Children and women at the front
The problem of nobility and baseness in battle
The problem of responsibility and negligence of fighters
The antipode of Morozki is Pavel Mechik. In the novel he is an "anti-hero". This is a young boy who joined the detachment only out of curiosity. But he immediately became disillusioned with the ideas, for the sake of which he “ceased” being a city intellectual. But Mechik hid this from everyone. The people who surrounded Paul brought him a lot of disappointment, because they turned out to be incompatible with the “ideal” heroes that their ardent young imagination created them. is still weak, since in the subsequent narrative he betrays the members of the detachment. Mechik was put on patrol by Levinson, the head of the detachment, but Pavel considered this to be wrong and, without fulfilling his duty, disappeared into the forest, which led to the death of the detachment. “...The sword, having already driven quite far, looked back: Morozka was riding behind him. Then the squad and Morozka disappeared around the bend... He dozed off. He didn't understand why he was sent ahead. He raised his head, and the sleepy state instantly left him, replaced by a feeling of incomparable animal horror: there were Cossacks on the road...”
Mechik disappeared and only saved his own life, putting the lives of the squad members at stake. Fadeev focuses his attention not on the battles themselves, but on the time between us, when there comes a moment of respite, rest. These seemingly “peaceful” episodes are full of internal tension and conflict: be it the case of killing fish, confiscating pork from a Korean, or waiting for the result of the Metelitsa reconnaissance. This construction contains the deep meaning of the story: moral, ideological and political problems and their philosophical understanding are important. The characters' train of thought, their behavior, their internal vacillation in relation to everything that happens around them - this is what Fadeev called “the selection of human material.”
In this regard, the image of Morozka, one of the heroes of the novel, is interesting. Actually, his presence at the center of the work is explained by the fact that he is an example of a new person undergoing a “remake.” The author spoke about him in his speech: “Morozka is a man with a difficult past... He could steal, he could swear rudely, he could lie, he could drink. All these traits of his character are undoubtedly his huge shortcomings. But in difficult, decisive moments of the struggle, he did what was necessary for the revolution, overcoming his weaknesses. The process of his participation in the revolutionary struggle was the process of forming his personality...”
Speaking about the selection of “human material”, the writer had in mind not only those who turned out to be necessary for the revolution. People “unsuitable” for building a new society are mercilessly discarded. Such a hero in the novel is Mechik. It is no coincidence that this man social background belongs to the intelligentsia and consciously joins the partisan detachment, driven by the idea of the revolution as a great romantic event. Mechik’s belonging to a different class, despite his conscious desire to fight for the revolution, immediately alienates those around him. “To tell the truth, Morozka didn’t like the rescued one at first sight. Morozka did not like clean people. In his life experience, these were fickle, worthless people who could not be trusted.” This is the first certification that Mechik receives. Morozka’s doubts are consonant with the words of V. Mayakovsky: “An intellectual does not like risk, / He is as red as a radish.” Revolutionary ethics is built on a strictly rational approach to the world and man. The author of the novel himself said: “Mechik, the other “hero” of the novel, is very “moral” from the point of view of the Ten Commandments... but these qualities remain external to him, they cover up his internal egoism, lack of dedication to the cause of the working class, his purely petty individualism " There is a direct contrast here between the morality of the Ten Commandments and devotion to the working class cause. The author, preaching the triumph of the revolutionary idea, does not notice that the combination of this idea with life turns into violence against life, cruelty. For him, the professed idea is not utopian, and therefore any cruelty is justified.
Source: Irina Dobrotina. Russian language. Preparing for the Unified State Exam with the best teachers in Russia. Newspaper project TVNZ". (Sold at Soyuzpechat kiosks).
The topic is “Language reflects the state of society.”
Possible formulations of the problem:
1. Is it true that language ensures and maintains the cohesion of people? There is an opinion that language, being a powerful unifying force, is also capable of dividing people. Group using given language, considers everyone who speaks it as his own, and people who speak other languages or dialects as strangers. Is it possible to agree with this opinion?
2. D.S. Likhachev said that “language... testifies to a person’s taste, his attitude to the world around him, to himself.” Do you agree that slang words, obscene language, and an excess of neologisms in our speech confirm the correctness of the thoughts of the famous Russian scientist?
3. K.I. Chukovsky argued that people who spoke a vulgar language for only a week developed vulgar habits and thoughts. Isn't growing in Lately is the bitterness of people towards each other the result of our ignorant disregard for our native language?
ARGUMENTS
Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasyevich. "Dog's heart". If the eyes are the mirror of the soul, then the tongue is the mirror of society.
The author emphasizes this idea in the difference between the speech of Professor Preobrazhensky and the representative of the proletariat. M. Bulgakov explains these differences by changes in society that came along with revolutionary transformations. The book is still relevant today, since now, in times of great transformation, serious changes in speech are taking place.
Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich. "Alive as life." Stories about the Russian language. K. Chukovsky is convinced that at any time and in any society, language reflects the state of spirituality, shows educational and cultural level person, and these qualities are in demand always and everywhere.
Speech culture is inseparable from general culture. To improve the quality of your language, you need to improve the quality of your intellect. It's not enough to stop people from talking choice A or me n d like. Some people write and speak without mistakes, but what a poor vocabulary he has, what tired phrases! How skinny mental life is reflected in those moldy patterns that make up his speech!
Krongauz Maxim Anisimovich. "The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous breakdown." Journalism. The Russian language is changing so quickly that anxious and sometimes panicky moods arise in society. More and more often they talk not only about damage, but also about the death of the Russian language. Particularly painful are such topics as the language of the Internet, the spread of abuse, the abuse of borrowings, jargon and colloquial words.
