History of Kuban, customs and traditions. The uniqueness of the Kuban land

Planned results:

Personal: learn self-assessment based on the criterion of success in educational activities.

Meta-subject: students must learn to formulate own opinion and position.

Subject: students must learn to distinguish the rituals and traditions of Kuban.

1. Organizational moment.

Greeting guests

We are glad to welcome you to our class
Perhaps there are better and more beautiful classes.

But let it be light for you in our class,
Let it be cozy and very easy!

We have been instructed to meet you today,
Let's start the lesson, let's not waste time.

Guys! Say hello to our guests. Turn to face me. Let's hope that the mood of our guests has improved, and they will enjoy relaxing in our class and rejoice at our successes.

2. Report the topic of the lesson. Setting a learning task. Formulation of goals.

What time of year is it now?

You know, guys, autumn is so different! It's like there are two of them. One is joyful, warm, sunny, in lush decoration, with rich gifts. She's like a princess.

And suddenly she is the same, but already sad, sad, with the quiet cry of fine rain, in the rags of falling leaves - in a word, like Cinderella.

What are these two autumns?

Several leaves flew to our lesson. But these are unusual leaves.

Questions about the region.

1. What is the name of our region?

2. Name the main river of the region?

3. What is the name of the governor of our region?

4. Look at the coat of arms and tell me what symbolizes the hospitality of the region?

5. Name main city our region?

Today in our lesson
We will return to the past of the region.
Let's learn about the life of the Cossacks,
Traditions, rituals, laws.
So that we remember our ancestors,
And they bore their name proudly.
So that our Kuban region forever,
He was famous all over the world.

Pay attention to the board and read the words written on it.

(On the desk)

“Remember that the Cossacks
Friendship is a custom;
Partnership - traditions;
Hospitality is the law.”

These words will be the motto throughout our lesson.

3. Solving a learning problem.

Have you been to Kuban? And you visit:
Great people, famous region.
There they will accept you as a good friend.

They will show how the earth is turned with a plow,
How the bread is removed, how the table is set,
As in the upper room, a guest is treated to us.

Kuban people are enviably able to work.
Love you, my land,
Space Krasnodar,
And the work of the grain farmer,
And songs and dances.

A beautiful poem, isn't it?

Who and what do you think we will talk about in our lesson? ( It's about about the Cossacks, about the life of the Cossacks, about the hospitality of the Kuban people)

And for this we will take a journey through the stations into the historical past.

4. Traveling through stations.

Our first stop is at the station called “Life of the Residents of the Native Land.” 3 min.

I think it will be interesting for you to remember how our Kuban began. And it all started with the Decree of Queen Catherine II.

(Speech by the Empress). The recording of the bell sounds.

And the carts stretched along the dusty steppe roads. And settlers from the Zaporozhye Sich - Cossacks - Cossacks began to flock to these lands. This is how our Cossack ancestors appeared in Kuban. The Cossacks began to settle in the Kuban lands. It was a real military fortress.

While settling the lands, the Cossacks built houses (dwellings) for themselves; they were called mud huts, huts. (Slide 2)

Group (what the huts were made from)

Guys, now you must select the building material that you think our Cossacks used to use in the construction of their huts. There is a drawing of a hut in front of you, you choose a name building material, and paste it onto the drawing.

(Clay, water, straw, cement, brick, plaster, plasterboard, slate)

The huts were built from adobe. Adobe is a building material made from clay, straw and water. Horses kneaded adobe. (The word is posted adobe)

The hut was always whitewashed inside and out.

For what?

White color is a symbol of cleanliness and neatness (neatness). The roofs were covered with reeds and straw. The floor was covered with clay. The hut was fenced off with this kind of fence.

All guests who entered the house crossed themselves at the right corner, it was called the red corner, where the icons were located, decorated with an embroidered towel.

(The word is posted towel- towel)

Along the walls there were long wooden benches, on which you could not only sit, but also sleep, and in the middle there was a wooden table. The table was one of the most traditional and revered objects in a Cossack’s house, and one must sit at the table and behave as if in church.

Every house had a stove. The stove was heated, food was cooked on it, old people and children slept. In the old Cossack proverb It is said “The stove is the queen of the house.”

Now let's collect Kuban proverbs.

Biz God is not at the threshold. (Nothing is done without blessing)

• Every Cossack is a sovereign in his own court.
• Without an owner, the yard cries, and without a mistress, the house is an orphan.
• Don't sit with your arms folded, don't be bored.
• Zhive, like a mouse in cereals.
• Vic live - Vic learn.

The time has come to restore order to the Cossack's household. (Board)

On the left are pictures with household items, and on the right are random words.

“Lava” - wooden benches.

“Spinner” - spinning wheel.

“Kohtochka” - jacket.

“Kabytsia” is a summer stove.

The next station is called “Customs and Traditions”.

Kuban is rich in rituals. This is our culture.

The most main tradition- hospitality.

Let's knock on the doors; hospitable hosts open for us.

Hello, dear guests, God's messengers!
We love and respect guests
On the best place we plant in the house.
We won’t ask you for three days,
Where are you going, and what are your goals?

It has long been the custom that the main smell of Kuban is fragrant Kuban bread.

Kuban residents greet guests with bread and salt. Bread and salt are symbols of hospitality and cordiality.

Salt, according to ancestors, protects against evil forces and spirits. If a person treats himself to bread and salt, it means that he is not plotting evil. ( Guests are treated to a loaf of bread)

The Cossacks kept the commandments of the Lord, honored the basic church holidays, attended church regularly.

5. Children's message about traditions.

1. Respect for elders is one of the main customs of the Cossacks. In the presence of an older person, it was not allowed to sit, smoke or talk (without his permission). It was considered indecent to overtake an old man; you had to ask permission to pass. The younger one must give way to the older one. The words of the older man were obligatory for the younger. In case of conflicts, disputes, fights, the word of the elder was decisive (the main one) and it was required to fulfill it.

When meeting a young lad (guy), the Cossack boy must bow and take off his hat. If he passed with his head up, without bowing, then a passer-by, even a stranger, could beat the proud young man. The father will later thank him for raising his son.

2. The Cossack is hungry, but the horse is full. Without a horse, a Cossack is an orphan. Before leaving home for war, the Cossack’s wife brought his horse. The wife bowed at the horse's feet to protect her husband. When seeing off the Cossack on his final journey, a war horse followed the coffin, and his relatives and friends followed him.

3. The Cossack was born a warrior, and with his birth his military school began. The child was given gifts: cartridges, bullets, a bow, arrows, a gun. When the child turned 40 days old, the father put him on a horse and returned him to his mother, congratulating her on becoming a Cossack. When his teeth appeared, he was again put on a horse and taken to church. At the age of 3, children were already free to ride a horse, and at five they were galloping across the steppe.

And the mother put an amulet around her son’s neck, into which was sewn a handful of earth and a prayer from the enemy. This amulet was a kind of talisman, and it was believed that it protected the Cossack from evil .

4. Girls, from very early childhood, were accustomed to housekeeping: sewing, embroidery, and handicrafts. They loved to decorate their clothes with embroidery. They helped with housework and raised younger brothers and sisters.

Today we will focus on the Wedding ceremony. Weddings in Kuban usually took place after the harvest. In Kuban they say “And on Pokrov you can have a wedding.” The Orthodox Church celebrates Intercession on October 14. There were three wedding periods. (Slide 4)

• Autumn (from Assumption to Filippovka).
• Winter (from Epiphany to Maslenitsa).
• Spring (from Krasnaya Gorka to Trinity).

In the old days, weddings lasted at least a week.

Cossacks did not play weddings on Saturday. It was believed that this promised a difficult life. With the onset of morning, they paid attention to the weather: clear and sunny, promising the young couple a happy married life, inclement weather - dreary and dull.

(Slide)

On the wedding day, the bride got up before sunrise. She walked around her entire yard, saying goodbye to everything that was dear to her. Then she went into the garden and started wailing (voicing). Soon her friends appeared. Then the girls brought the bride's gift to the groom - a wedding shirt. It was important to catch him in bed and put the gift on him with the buttons fastened, which made it possible to torment the groom longer and get a good ransom. As a rule, the groom bought off his girlfriends with flowers, sweets, perfume and lipstick. In addition, the girls received a wedding dress, shoes and hurried to the house to dress up the bride. The bride's dress could be white, blue or soft pink. To protect the bride from the evil eye, eyeless needles from an open pack were pinned crosswise into the hem of her dress on four sides, and sometimes pieces of incense were placed in her bosom for the same purpose. Curls are the main element of a hairstyle. They made them like this: they took a large thick nail, heated it, rubbed it on a piece of lard and twisted their hair onto it. The curls were laid in several rows around the forehead and secured on top with a wreath - this symbol of girlish purity was kept throughout life, and Cossack women who remarried did not wear a wreath and veil. The rest of the hair was braided.

And then you can hear the clatter of horses, the sound of carriages, songs, and shots. It was the groom and his guests who drove up to the courtyard.

Well, now we’ll see how the bride ransom took place.

Bride price re-enactment

Nastya Tsyganenko:

There are a lot of guests
From all distant volosts.
At the parade everyone is beautiful,
This is a miracle, such a miracle!
Once you have arrived, don’t retreat
Answer in unison!
Well, yes, the whole crowd
Have you come to our home?
What draws you to this place?
Answer us...

Answer: Bride!

Vika Bourosh:

Oh, bride, say
Well, then don’t charge me.
Get ready to pay tribute
To get a bride

Zhenya Vertepa:

Our bride.
From the richest dough,
Mouths are like honey sugar,
Eyes - ready to argue with the sun.
The words - that halva - is necessary,
And the voice is a delight to the ear.

Nastya Kondra:

Our product is your merchant.
Pay up, good job.
To continue the path further
We need to fill our bag,
You can use clean coins
Candy too.

The groom chooses a keg from the first box. Options for inscriptions on cards: “Fire tower”, “Meter in a hat”

Don't you want a tower?
Well, please pay!

"Meter in a hat." Need not?
Pay us in full.

The groom chooses a barrel, which now contains a card with a name. Options for inscriptions on cards: “Tractor”, “Olympics”.

Why do you have such a mine?
Traktorina won't suit you?

Olympics!?
- And you don’t need one like that.

Why does your fiance say so little, maybe he doesn’t have a voice? Come on, sing for us.

Well, now we’ll see if your fiance’s arms and legs are intact. Come on, dance for us!

You did everything in order,
He sang a song, danced in a squat,
You paid off completely
Take it, it's yours!

The young ones stand at the flower gates.

I'll sprinkle rye on you,
So that your family is good,
I sprinkle with spring wheat,
May you be a friendly couple!

Every family strives to build their home using the best building materials so that the house is strong and comfortable.

In order for a family to be strong, think about what qualities can be its basis. You have cubes on your table, select those that you think can be new family.

(Building a house from cubes) kindness, mutual assistance, politeness, hatred, attention, love, friendship, loyalty, evil, justice, honesty, trust, quarrels, revenge, mutual understanding,

A house like this will last forever!

Kuban song best story about the life of a Cossack. No matter how difficult life was for people in the past, they couldn’t take a step without a song. The soul of the people is in the songs. A song is a healer, a song is a cry, a song is a dance.

“Oh, the dawns are clear in Kuban.”

Consolidation. Reflection

A real Cossack must plant a tree, build a house, give birth and raise a son. In Kuban, cherries grew in every yard. Pies were baked from them and dumplings were cooked. We also have cherries. And if you learned something new for yourself, you liked the lesson, hang a red cherry on our tree. Well, if something didn’t quite work out, hang a green one.

Game “Horseshoe”

In the old days in Kuban it was believed: “Whoever finds a horseshoe will bring happiness to him.”

Our Kuban is generous! But she gives her generosity to those people who care about her, cherish her, who preserve the bright pages of the history of our Kuban and pass everything on from generation to generation.

You bloom my Kuban,
Become more and more beautiful.
Cossack honor will not be compromised
Our generation!

V. Lesson summary.

VI. Homework.

Draw what you remember from the lesson: a Cossack, a hut, etc.

G well populated, generously endowed with natural resources and favorable climate Krasnodar region, occupying 41st place among Russian regions by area (75,485 sq. km.), according to statistics, today holds 3rd place in the country in terms of population (5,603,420 people) after Moscow, and accordingly the Moscow region.

The basis of the multinational and multilingual family of peoples (124 ethnic groups) living in this southern Russian region are Russians (4,522,962 people). In percentage terms, the share of Russian residents of the region is 86.54%.

There are also 281,680 Armenians living here, which is 5.39% of the total population of the region, 83,746 Ukrainians (1.6%), 24,840 local Tatars (0.48%), 22,595 Pontic Greeks (0.43%) , 17,826 ethical Georgians (0.34%), 16,890 Belarusians (0.32%).

In the region there is a large diaspora of Adygeis, amounting to 13,834 (0.26%), Gypsies 12,920 (0.25%), Germans 12,171 (0.23%), Azerbaijanis 10,165 (0.19%), Turks 8,527 ( 0.16%), Kurds 5,899(0.11%), Circassians 5,258(0.1%), Moldovans 5,170(0.1%), Yezidis 5,023(0.1%).

Lezgins and Ossetians, Shapsugs and Koreans, Assyrians and Uzbeks, Chuvash and Mordovians, Chechens and Jews, Abkhazians and Bulgarians, Avars and Kabardians live here.

Russians

Russians are one of the most numerous European East Slavs, whose main character traits are compassion and mercy, rich spiritual world and veneration of ancestors, military valor, traditional family and religious Orthodox values, they always listen to the “voice of conscience” and always strive for universal justice.

In the Kuban and the Krasnodar Belaya River, Russian residents form a specific ethnographic group historical community or class Kuban Cossacks. Most Cossacks are Orthodox, but there are also ancient Old Believer communities here.

Before the revolution, under the Russian emperors, Cossacks were engaged in protecting the external borders of the state. Today they honor ancient military traditions, prepare future conscripts for service, educate them in the spirit of patriotism, maintain public order, and protect important infrastructure facilities.

The Cossacks built a house for a new family together, which united the villagers. The kitchen decoration included a red corner, a shelf with icons, decorated with an embroidered towel, a stove, a common table, benches and shelves; in the second room there were chests with clothes, a chest of drawers, a mirror, and other furniture. The usual interior of a Kuban house has long had a frame with important family photographs.

The men had a casual and necessarily military suit; the Cossack military uniform included a cloth Circassian coat, wide trousers made of the same fabric, a beshmet, a bashlyk, leather boots and a burka.

Women dressed in a wide long skirt, a blouse trimmed by hand with lace or embroidery. By clothing, quality of fabric, and decoration, one could immediately recognize the status of its owner.

The basis of the diet of Cossack families was wheat bread, vegetables and fish, lard and meat; borscht with sauerkraut, dumplings and dumplings have long been considered favorite dishes here.

The Cossacks in the Kuban have always been famous, in addition to military affairs, for their talented artisans who know how to work with clay and wood, metal and stone. There were always many potters and blacksmiths here, some provided the entire area with pottery, others made household utensils and tools, edged weapons and forged horses.

Women weaved and spun, sewed and embroidered; girls were taught handicrafts from childhood. Cossack families were traditionally large, had from 5 to 15 children, born child plots of land were given out, which made it possible to feed numerous relatives. Cossacks speak a specific mixture of Russian and Ukrainian dialects.

Armenians

The local Armenian community is the largest in Russia; here in the Kuban, Armenians are represented by three sub-ethnic groups. One of them is formed by the so-called Circassian or Trans-Kuban Armenians; they settled here between the 10th and 15th centuries. Their number is 15% (up to 100 thousand people).

The second group is the old-timer group of Hamshen Armenians who moved here during the years 1860-1916. from Turkey. The main number of them then arrived in Kuban from the Trebizond vilayet, which had already been weakened by that time Ottoman Empire. The overwhelming majority of Hamshen Armenians are Gregorian Christians; they make up 46% (up to 300 thousand people) of the Armenian community in Kuban.

The third group, up to 39% (up to 250 thousand people), consists of Armenian Hemshils, they are called “new settlers”. They are Sunni Muslims and moved here from Karabakh and Armenia in the 1960-1970s. There are many regional organizations of the local Armenian community in Krasnodar; it is here that the center of the diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church is located.

The majority of Armenians live today in the Sochi district, in the cities of Novorossiysk and Tuapse, in the cities of Temryuk, Armavir and Anapa. There are many Armenian villages in the Tuapse region, village. Ostrovskaya Shchel and village. Shaumyan, s. Lermontovo and village. Tenginka, s. Terziyan and S. Goykh, s. Podkhrebtovoye and village. Plyaho.

Ukrainians

The formation of the Ukrainian community in Kuban began in the 18th century; in 1792, the mass resettlement of 32 thousand Black Sea Ukrainian Cossacks began here. Later, in 1809-1811. and, accordingly, in 1820-1825. first 41,534 Ukrainians, then 48,392 Azov Cossacks moved to the fertile Kuban lands Ukrainian origin from Chernigov and Poltava provinces.

TO end of the 19th century centuries, Ukrainians made up almost half of the population of Kuban. In the future in Civil War 1917-1922 And Soviet years the number of Ukrainians coming here only increased. The resettlement of the related Slavic Ukrainian ethnic group to Kuban did not have much impact on the process of their assimilation; traditions, religion, Orthodoxy, customs and rituals had similar features and did not cause conflicts.

Interethnic boundaries were gradually erased, cultures penetrated each other, the people quickly became bilingual, and the unification of the Russian and Ukrainian ethnic groups in the Kuban was facilitated by common Cossack traditions.

Over time, local Ukrainians began to call themselves nothing more than “Kuban crests” and defined their ethnicity as intermediate between Russians and Ukrainians. The language of the Ukrainians also underwent some changes and was perceived as “balachka”, a joint “Cossack language”, which became a dialect of the Russian language, including many Ukrainianisms. The culture of local Kuban Ukrainians gradually broke away from the single Ukrainian massif and underwent noticeable influence Russian culture.

Tatars

Separate Old Russian ethnic community Kuban Tatars, who are often called Kuban Nogais or Nogai Tatars, were actively formed in the 16th-18th centuries. According to local Armavir local historian E.M. Ivanov, “in 1911, about 400 people of the Mohammedan faith lived in Armavir, who consistently called themselves “Tatars.”

At the same time, a “Tatar mosque” with a high three-story minaret was built. Nearby there was a one-story building of a “Muslim school.” The name of the first religious teacher, Mullah G.K. Baygildeev, is also known. Most of the Tatars who settled in different time in the Kuban, were Kazan, but there were also Crimean ones among them.

For the most part, local Tatars lived modestly, were engaged in private carriage, trading in used utensils and things, some were in the military and public service. At the mosques they opened free schools, where Tatar children learned to read the Koran, read and write and count.

The clothing and customs of the Kuban Tatars are completely similar to traditional Tatar culture; the three-day holiday of Bayram was celebrated, the entire community visited the mosque. Today's vintage Tatar traditions actively revived, festivals are held Tatar culture, the activities of religious and cultural Turkic-speaking organizations are being resumed.

Greeks

One of the oldest ethnic groups in Kuban are the Greeks. In the VI century. BC e. The first Greek city-states appeared in the Northern Black Sea region, later uniting into the powerful Bosporan kingdom. Through these cities the ancient Greeks traded with the Scythians and Maeotians. The basis of the local Kuban Greek community is made up of Pontic Greeks, who came here from Turkish Anatolia in the 19th century.

They brought with them the culture of cultivating tobacco and grapes and engaged in trade. Their culture was different from the Hellenic, and the influence of the traditions of the Turks and Slavs is noticeable in it. All rituals of the Pontic Greeks necessarily contain elements of the cult of fire, a luminous and life-giving principle necessary for nature.

Georgians

Archaeological finds (treasures of ancient Georgian coins) tell about the presence of rich and prosperous Georgians in the Kuban since 1227. Then Georgian influence extended throughout the territory between and up to Khazaria. Medieval Georgian settlements and several ancient churches were also found here. With the emergence of a commercial center in the large village of Armavir, the presence of Georgian traders here becomes permanent.

Georgians were engaged in trade, maintaining hotels and bathhouses, inns and taverns, restaurants, buffets and kebab houses, were owners of local breweries and factories, and responded to charity projects, donated money for the construction of churches.

Adyghe people

The self-name of the original people of the Adyghe, related Circassians and Kabardians is Adyghe. This ancient one mountain people lived in the Kuban for a long time, the so-called Maykop archaeological culture dates back to the 3rd millennium BC. e. Further in the 1st millennium BC. e. the ethnic community of Meots took shape, whom many experts consider the ancestors of the Circassians. The ancestors of the Adyghe people, even during the Great Migration of Peoples (V-IX centuries), under the dictates of the Golden Horde and the invasion of Timur, the raids and onslaught of the Ottomanids, were able to preserve their vibrant and original culture.

The Adygs, or “Trans-Kuban Circassians,” turned to Russia for help and accepted its citizenship. Their houses were located in groups at the foot of the mountains, the Circassians raised livestock, especially horses, sowed grain, and planted gardens.

Due to the special and very favorable geopolitical position of the Kuban lands, active migrations have been observed here at all times different nations. Many ethnic groups historically inhabited this fertile land, its population was constantly increasing, and characteristic feature This territory has become its traditional polyethnicity and multinationality, which has developed over centuries.

When you mention Kuban, a picture of dashing Cossacks on horseback and girls in elegant costumes appears in your head. The North-West of the Caucasus, most of which is mainly the territory of modern Kuban, is famous for the diversity and abundance of flora and fauna; the area is also attractive for its territorial-geographical location. North Caucasus is a treasure trove of natural resources, diversity of relief, extraordinary beauty and charm of local nature. Like any people, the Cossacks have their own rituals and traditions, which were formed over several centuries and developed thanks to the cultures of the West and East, which echoed each other on this fertile land.

Life of a Kuban family

It so happened historically that the original and unique way of life and way of life of the Kuban family has its own characteristics, here are some of them:

1. The Cossack family almost always consisted of large quantity of people. The family had five to seven children. Large families were created taking into account the fact that agriculture was carried out on their own, and there was always a lot of work.
2. Hospitality and generosity were an integral part of the Kuban people. This involves equating a guest, especially a stranger or foreigner, with God's messenger.
3. Raising children began with respect for elders. They were taught to listen to advice and not to interfere in adult conversations.
4. Men treated a woman, be it a mother, wife or sister, with special respect. According to Christian scripture, a wife should not interfere in the affairs of her husband and, conversely, a husband in the affairs of his wife.
5. When someone entered the house, they were sure to be baptized in the image, and the men took off their headdress.

Do you know which holiday drink was considered the most beloved and generally accepted among the Cossacks?

This drink was called “Varena”. It mixed honey, vodka, various dried fruits (apples, pears, raisins, grapes), which were boiled with various kinds of spices and ginger.

Folk customs Kuban is very diverse and interesting. When constructing housing, pieces of wool and feathers were thrown onto the ground so that everything would be in the house, while the entire population of the village took part in the construction. In order for the blessing to descend on the inhabitants of the future home, a wooden cross was built into the wall.

Holidays and celebrations

Celebrations of various kinds had their own nuances and rules: only married couples could attend the wedding, and weddings were held exclusively in the fall or winter. The choice of a betrothed for a daughter or a bride for a son was made by the parents. The New Year celebration was interesting. On the night from December 31 to January 1, they burned bonfires, told fortunes, organized various kinds of rituals, and went from house to house with carols and generous gifts. On the eve of Epiphany, people attended church, and they always returned home with holy water. Everything that remained on the table after the celebration, as well as straw and hay, was given and put on the cattle and poultry so that there would be prosperity in the house in the new year. In the spring, Maslenitsa was celebrated in Kuban; ritual food, consisting of pancakes and dumplings, was prepared in houses. The last Sunday before Lent was considered the day of “universal forgiveness.”

Cuban studies lesson on the topic:

Customs and holidays of the peoples living in Kuban

MAOU secondary school No. 16 named after.

Topic: Customs and holidays of the peoples living in the Kuban

Goal: To acquaint students with the customs and holidays of the peoples living in the Kuban. Instill love for the native land, work, customs and traditions of the Kuban people; to cultivate patriotic feelings, generation, kindness and respect for traditions.

Equipment: household items, drawings depicting peoples living in the Kuban, computer, multimedia projector.

During the classes.

1.Organization of the lesson.

Who and what do you think we will talk about in our lesson?

1 student (2 slide)

Have you been to Kuban? And you visit:

Great people, famous region.

There they will accept you as a good friend.

They will show how the earth is turned with a plow,

How the bread is removed, how the table is set,

As in the upper room, a guest is treated to us.

Kuban people are enviably able to work.

I love you, my land, (3 slide)

expanse of Krasnodar,

and the labor of the grain farmer,

and songs and dances.

Today we will talk about the traditions and customs of the Kuban people.

2 student (4 slide)

The grain is earing and the rivers are rustling,

Where the sun rises over the azure sea,

Gives its warmth almost every year,

3 student (5 slide)

Peoples live as one family,

The hospitable Kuban is called “mother”,

The beloved land is decorated with warmth,

They dedicate their songs and legends to her.

One of the legends has reached us.

We will tell it to the world now.

When creating the earth, the Almighty planned to create a paradise on it. He chose a noble land, endowed it with peace, beauty and harmony, and named it Kuban. He populated this region with peoples of different languages ​​and blessed them, saying:

- “Live and decorate this land, but remember and fulfill my commandment: “love your neighbor as yourself, and when joy and happiness do not leave you.”

- “But the people disobeyed their Creator, each nation became proud and began to extol only its own culture.” And then a terrible misfortune happened: songs and laughter were no longer heard. Old people stopped telling their grandchildren fairy tales and epics, ancient legends.

Traditions and customs have disappeared. The once fragrant land began to fade. Darkness and cold descended on her. Cold and darkness.

And the people raised their hands to the sky, turned their faces to the Creator and

They cried out

O Almighty! Help us, guide us on the right path!

And the creator answered them:

Your strength is in love and friendship, in respect for each other. The culture of one people is drop by drop - there will be a big river that will irrigate your land and make it blooming and fertile again.

Oh, almighty, one and indivisible for all peoples, send us your heavenly light, allow us, in the light of day, to show each other that “all the peoples inhabiting this region” are worthy of decorating it with their songs, customs and traditions:

And the Creator said:

-"So be it"

Kuban is a land like this:

From bread - golden,

Steppe side,

“She greets guests,

And sings songs

Transparent to the bottom."

"Fire Cossack woman,

Beautiful, young"

Kuban is a land like this:

One day he will caress you.

Will love you forever.

2.Work on new material.

All residents of cities, villages, towns can be called in one word - “Kubans”. And we are all COMMUNITIES. This is the name given to people who have one land, a common small homeland.

Among our fellow countrymen – Kuban residents – there are people of one hundred and twenty nationalities: Russians, Ukrainians, Greeks, Armenians, Circassians and many others...

Each nation has its own customs, holidays, songs and fairy tales. They reflect the soul of the people: their way of life, love of work and land, veneration of fathers and grandfathers. Each of us needs to know the history and customs of our people. These are our roots, our origins. But it is equally important to know and respect the customs of the people living nearby. After all, we are fellow countrymen: we have one homeland - our beautiful Kuban.

7 student (6 slide)

In life we ​​are given

One homeland

Right at the door is the gold of the fields,

A century-old thought of slender poplars.

Here my path ran through the bread,

Here my destiny is joy and struggle,

Here are my friends

This is my family

You can’t say more - this is my land!

- “Guys, now we’ll take a tour and our guides will introduce us to the customs and holidays of different peoples living in our Kuban.”

1 tour guide. (7 slide)

Loved our native Kuban forever

Cheerful, generous, free Greeks.

Having once left his native Hellas,

We found joy in the blooming Kuban.

We dedicate our song to Kuban

And we glorify her generous heart

In the 6th century BC on the banks of the Black and Azov seas Greeks began to appear, creating large Greek settlements. Gradually, Greek settlements began to form entire cities - colonies. Residents of colonial cities grew bread, planted gardens and built houses, temples, and fortresses.

In April, the Greeks celebrated the holiday of Sirandonas and always prepared hortarike (herbal food) - a dish of forty herbs. Their tradition of celebrating spring on May 1 is also known. The children went to the field, where they fried eggs, rolled on the grass, boys played leapfrog, and girls played hide and seek.

2nd guide (8 slide)

Oh, my dear!

Blessed land of ancestors.

Here they live according to the laws of honor,

Old people are respected and customs are respected.

Every Circassian can receive a guest,

Maybe he can saddle a galloping horse.

A friend of the Circassians will not leave you in trouble,

In grief and need he will be helped

They settled in the region from the 1st millennium AD along the entire left bank of the Kuban River. The Circassians had many nationalities: ZHANEEVTS, KHATUKAEVTS, SHEGAKS, TEMIRGOYES. They had no main occupation. Some were engaged in cattle breeding, mainly sheep and goats, since in mountainous areas this was more convenient than herding cows. Others grew grapes and fished. But they all valued horses very much. Many fairy tales and legends are dedicated to these animals.

Traditional Adyghe holidays are associated with the beginning or end of field work, weddings, and the birth of a child. The holidays were called merrymaking. They were accommodated in big yard, and if the yard seemed cramped - in the square or in the field. The entire village was invited here, and often guests from other villages. Songs, dances, treats, “battles” of horsemen, elections of the “beauty queen”, the final dance in a huge circle - not a single holiday would be complete without this.

3. PHYSICAL MINUTE

3 tour guide. (9 slide)

We are a hedge

They settled here from God,

Catherine's sons

Russian people.

And it all started with the Decree of Queen Catherine II. She gave the Kuban lands to the Cossacks in gratitude for their conscientious service. And the carts stretched along the dusty steppe roads. And settlers from the Zaporozhye Sich - Cossacks - Cossacks began to flock to the uninhabited lands. This is how our Cossack ancestors appeared in Kuban. The Cossacks began to settle in the Kuban lands. It was a real military fortress. They built an earthen rampart around it and installed watchtowers and guns. The wild Kuban River surrounded the fortress on three sides and reliably protected it from enemies. The Kuban land was famous for its craftsmen and gifted people. Works of art were created from simple materials - wood, metal, stone, clay, but the value of the product was determined not by the material, but by skill and imagination.

There are many customs and traditions: some appear, others disappear.

The Cossacks kept the Lord's commandments, the main church holidays, and regularly attended church. Each hut had a holy corner where icons hung. In Kuban they honored and celebrated calendar holidays: Christmas, New Year, Maslenitsa, Easter.

Main traditions:

Respectful attitude towards elders. Respect for a woman (mother, sister, wife). Honoring the guest.

Respect for elders is one of the main customs of the Cossacks. In the presence of an older person, it was not allowed to sit, smoke or talk (without his permission). It was considered indecent to overtake an old man; you had to ask permission to pass. The younger one must give way to the older one. The words of the older man were obligatory for the younger. In case of conflicts, disputes, fights, the word of the elder was decisive (the main one) and it was required to fulfill it.

4 tour guide. (10 slide)

From the peaks of Ararat, then the ancient land

The customs of our ancestors brought with them

Armenians are a cheerful and friendly people,

Who sings beautiful songs.

In Armenian settlements in the Kuban, on New Year's Eve, mummers climbed onto the flat roofs of houses and lowered a special bag into a rope, and the owners put gifts into it. When the design of the houses changed, the custom also changed: mummers in masks or with faces smeared with soot began to throw their bags onto the porch of the house.

5 guide (11 slide)

“Nenka, my Ukraine, my:

Grain fields from edge to edge,

Whitewashed huts run into the distance...

We once settled in Kuban,

We honor this region as our family home,

Lands of Kuban, “Yak Mother Kochaim”

Summer swirls with colorful embroidery

On the lawn of linen canvas...

A great talent has sisters -

Beauty, simplicity, kindness.

Ukrainians have been living in Kuban for a long time,

Sons of the fertile land.

Funny songs, hot dances

They brought it to Kuban

4. Consolidation of what has been learned.

And there was evening and there was morning, but there was no end to the dancing, singing and general fun. And the cultures of different peoples flocked into clear streams, and they united into a full river that irrigated the land.

The gardens bloomed on it, the grain rustled.

And people of different nationalities realized that they are all branches of one tree, which has common roots, and that only love and friendship work wonders, only they can make our Earth beautiful and fertile.

It doesn't matter that life is short,

You can do a lot in it,

If only the sun would always shine peacefully,

It shone over every threshold.

It’s clear to everyone that she’s become small

Today is the land for battle.

And just as before she

Spacious for good deeds.

5.Independent work of students.

Guys, now answer the questions in writing.

6. Lesson summary.

What traditions have we met today?

Which folk holidays, do you know the customs?

Describe how these holidays are held.

7.Home. exercise.

Conduct research and find out what customs and traditions have come from time immemorial into our lives.

Literature.(13 slide)

1., Textbook on Kuban studies. – Krasnodar: Educational prospects, 2012.

2., Workbook on Kuban studies, grade 4. - Krasnodar: Education prospects, 2013.

3. Toolkit for school class. – Krasnodar: Educational prospects, 2011.

Cossack rites in the Kuban had roots in Little Russia; various rites existed: wedding, maternity, naming, christening, farewell to service, funeral.
A wedding is a complex and lengthy ceremony, with its own strict rules. In ancient times, a wedding was never a display of the material wealth of the parents of the bride and groom. First of all, it was a state, spiritual and moral act, important event in the life of the village. Weddings were not held during fasting and suffering agriculture. The most preferred time of year for weddings was considered to be autumn and winter, when there was no field work and, moreover, this was a time of economic prosperity after the harvest. The age of 16-20 years was considered favorable for marriage. The community and military administration could intervene in the marriage procedure. So, for example, it was not allowed to extradite girls to other villages if there were many bachelors and widowers in their own. But even within the village, young people were deprived of the right to choose. The parents had the final say in choosing the bride and groom. The matchmakers could appear without the groom, only with his hat, but this did not mean that no one knew the groom, otherwise he could be immediately refused.
“There are several periods in the development of a wedding: pre-wedding, which included matchmaking, hand-holding, weddings, parties in the house of the bride and groom; wedding and post-wedding ritual.” Wedding festivities in each settlement were distinguished by their variety: riding around the village of parents, ransoming the bride, and then stealing the wife. At the wedding, the entire village usually walked around, sang songs, danced.
For a long time there was a custom of abducting the bride, in the event of the bride’s parents disagreeing with the marriage to a groom they did not like. The kidnapping, as a rule, was by prior agreement between the young people. But if on the part of the groom there were unauthorized actions without the consent of the bride, then for defamation of the girl, if the resolution of the conflict did not end with the creation of a family (wedding), the culprit was expected to take revenge from the relatives, cousins ​​and second cousins ​​of the defamed woman (often leading to bloodshed).
In the past, only married couples could participate in Cossack wedding celebrations. For unmarried youth, separate parties were held both in the house of the groom and in the house of the bride before the main wedding - this was a concern for the morality of the foundations of the youth - because at the wedding certain liberties were allowed in celebrations and wishes.

In Kuban, calendar Christian holidays were revered and widely celebrated: Christmas, New Year, Maslenitsa, Easter (Velyky Day), Trinity.
Holidays were usually celebrated big companies and even a general village party. A long period The Cossacks had a custom of men's conversations (walking separately from women), and women's conversations without men. And when they got together (weddings, christenings, name days), the women sat on one side of the table, and the men on the other. This was caused by the fact that, under the influence of an intoxicated Cossack, he could take some liberties in relation to someone else’s wife, and the Cossacks, quick to punish, used weapons.
The playful and entertaining side of any holiday was very intense: round dances, games with paints, swings and carousels were arranged in every village. By the way, riding on a swing had a ritual significance - it was supposed to stimulate the growth of all living things. Easter ended with Krasnaya Gorka, or Farewell, a week after Easter Sunday. This is “parents' day”, the remembrance of the dead.
The cult of gifts and gifts was in great demand. A Cossack never returned after a long absence from home without gifts, and when visiting guests they did not go on a visit without a present.
Attitude towards ancestors is an indicator of the moral state of society, the conscience of people. In Kuban, ancestors have always been treated with deep respect. On this day, the whole village went to the cemetery, knitted scarves and towels on crosses, held a funeral feast, and distributed food and sweets at the memorial.