History of the Kuban customs and traditions. The uniqueness of the land of the Kuban

Planned results:

Personal: to learn self-esteem based on the criterion of the success of educational activities.

Meta-subject: students must learn to formulate own opinion and position.

Subject: students should learn to distinguish between the rituals and traditions of the Kuban.

1. Organizational moment.

Greeting guests

We are glad to welcome you to our class.
Perhaps there are classes and better and more beautiful.

But let it be light in our class,
Let it be comfortable and very easy!

We are instructed to meet you today,
Let's start the lesson, let's not waste time in vain.

Guys! Say hello to our guests. Turn around to face me. Let's hope that the mood of our guests has improved, and they will be happy to rest in our class and rejoice at our successes.

2. Message of the topic of the lesson. Statement of the educational task. Formulation of goals.

What season is it now?

You know, guys, autumn is so different! There seem to be two of them. One is joyful, warm, sunny, in magnificent decoration, with rich gifts. She is like a princess.

And suddenly she, but already sad, sad, with a quiet cry of fine rain, in patches of falling leaves - in a word, like Cinderella.

What are these two autumns?

Several leaves flew to us for the lesson. But these are unusual leaves.

Questions about the edge.

1. What is the name of our region?

2. What is the main river of the region?

3. What is the name of the governor of our region?

4. Look at the coat of arms and tell me what symbolizes the hospitality of the region?

5. Name main city our region?

Today in our lesson
We will return to the past.
We learn about the life of the Cossacks,
Traditions, rituals, laws.
So that we remember our ancestors,
And proudly carried their name.
So that our Kuban region forever,
He was famous all over the world.

Look at the blackboard and read the words written on it.

(On the desk)

“Remember that the Cossacks
Friendship is a custom;
Partnership - traditions;
Hospitality is the law.”

These words will be the motto throughout our lesson.

3. Solution of the educational problem.

Have you been to Kuban? And you visit:
Great people, glorious land.
They will welcome you as a good friend.

They will show how the earth is turned with a plow,
How bread is taken away, how the table is set,
As in the upper room, a guest is treated to us.

Kuban envy know how to work.
Love you, my edge,
Prostor Krasnodar,
And the work of a grain grower,
And songs and dances.

A beautiful poem, isn't it?

What do you think, who and what will we talk about in our lesson? ( It's about about the Cossacks, about the life of the Cossacks, about the hospitality of the Kuban people)

And for this we will make a journey through the stations in the historical past.

4. Traveling through the stations.

Our first stop is at the station called “Life of the inhabitants of the native land”. 3 min.

I think it will be interesting for you to remember how our Kuban began. And it all began with the Decree of Empress Catherine II.

(Speech of the Empress). A bell is being recorded.

And the convoys stretched along the dusty steppe roads. And settlers from the Zaporozhian Sich began to flock to these lands - Cossacks - Cossacks. This is how our Cossack ancestors appeared in the Kuban. The Cossacks began to settle in the Kuban lands. It was a real military fortress.

Settling in the land, the Cossacks built houses (housing) for themselves, they were called: huts, huts. (Slide 2)

Group (from what the huts were made)

Guys, now you have to pick up the building material that you think was used by our Cossacks in the construction of the hut. Before you lies a drawing of a hut, you choose a name building material, and paste on the picture.

(Clay, water, straw, cement, brick, plaster, drywall, slate)

Huts were built from adobe. Adobe- This is a building material that was made from clay, straw and water. Horses kneaded the adobe. (The word is posted adobe)

The hut was whitewashed inside and out.

For what?

White color is a symbol of cleanliness and neatness (neatness). The roofs were covered with reeds and straw. The floor was covered with clay. The hut was fenced with such a wattle fence.

All the guests who entered the house were baptized on the right corner, they called it the red corner, where the icons were located, adorned with an embroidered towel.

(The word is posted towel- towel)

Long wooden benches stood along the walls, on which one could not only sit, but also sleep, and in the middle there was a wooden table. The table was one of the most traditional and revered items in the house of a Cossack, and you need to sit at the table and behave like in a church.

Each house had a stove. The stove was heated, food was cooked on it, old people and children slept. In the old Cossack proverb it says "The oven is the queen in the house."

And now let's collect the Kuban proverbs.

Biz God to the threshold. (Nothing is done without a blessing)

• Each Cossack is a sovereign in his own court.
• Without a master, the yard cries, and without a mistress, a house is an orphan.
• Ne sit with folded hands, tai no bude and boredom.
• Live, like a mouse in cereals.
• Vic live - Vic learn.

It's time to put things in order in the economy of the Cossack. (Board)

On the left are pictures with household items, and on the right are random words.

"Lava" - wooden benches.

"Spinning wheel" - a spinning wheel.

"Kokhtochka" - jacket.

“Kabytsya” is a summer stove.

The next station is called “Customs and Traditions”.

The Kuban is rich in rituals. This is our culture.

The most main tradition- hospitality.

Let's knock on the door, the hospitable hosts open for us.

Hello, dear guests, God's messengers!
We love guests, respect,
On the best place we plant in the house.
We will not ask you for three days,
Where are you going and what are your goals?

It has long been so customary that the main smell of the Kuban is fragrant Kuban bread.

Kuban people greet guests with bread and salt. Bread and salt are symbols of hospitality and cordiality.

Salt, according to the ancestors, protects from evil forces and spirits. If a person treated himself to bread and salt, it means that he is not plotting evil. ( Treat guests with a loaf)

The Cossacks kept the commandments of the Lord, honored the main church holidays attended church regularly.

5. Telling children about traditions.

1. Respect for the elder is one of the main customs of the Cossacks. In the presence of an older person, it was not allowed to sit, smoke and talk (without his permission). It was considered obscene to overtake an old man, you had to ask permission to pass. The younger one must give way to the older one. The words of the older person were obligatory for the younger. In conflicts, disputes, fights, the word of the elder was decisive (main) and it was required to fulfill it.

When meeting a young lad (guy), a Cossack girl should bow and take off his hat. If he passed with his head thrown back, without bowing, then a passer-by, even an unfamiliar one, could beat the proud young man. The father will thank you later for raising his son.

2. The Cossack is hungry, and the horse is full. Without a horse, a Cossack is an orphan all around. Before leaving the house for the war, the Cossack's wife brought the horse. The wife bowed at the feet of the horse to save her husband. When the Cossack was seen off on his last journey, a war horse followed the coffin, and his relatives and friends followed him.

3. A Cossack was born a warrior, and from the birth of his military school began. The child was given gifts: cartridges, bullets, bow, arrows, gun. When the child was 40 days old, the father put him on a horse and returned to his mother, congratulating her on the Cossack. When his teeth appeared, he was again put on a horse and taken to the church. At the age of 3, the children already rode a horse freely, and at the age of five they galloped across the steppe.

And the mother put an amulet around her son's neck, into which a handful of earth and a prayer from the enemy were sewn. This amulet was a kind of talisman, and it was believed that it protected the Cossack from evil. .

4. Girls from early childhood were accustomed to the household: they sewed, embroidered, needlework. They loved to decorate their clothes with embroidery. Helped with housework, raised younger brothers and sisters.

Today we will focus on the wedding ceremony. Weddings in the Kuban were usually held after the harvest. In the Kuban they say "And you can play a wedding on Pokrov." Intercession is celebrated by the Orthodox Church on October 14. There were three wedding periods. (Slide 4)

• Autumn (from Assumption to Filippovka).
• Winter (from Epiphany to Maslenitsa).
• Spring (from Krasnaya Gorka to Trinity).

In the old days, weddings lasted at least a week.

On Saturday, the Cossacks did not play weddings. It was believed that this promises a hard life. With the onset of morning, they paid attention to the weather: clear and sunny, promising young happy married life, rainy - dreary and dull.

(Slide)

On the wedding day, the bride got up before sunrise. She walked around her entire yard, saying goodbye to everything that was dear to her. Then she went into the garden and began to lament (voice). Her friends soon showed up. Then the girls carried the bride's gift to the groom - a wedding shirt. It was important to catch him in bed and put on him a gift without fail with buttons fastened, which made it possible to torment the groom longer and get a good ransom. As a rule, the groom paid off his bridesmaids with flowers, sweets, perfumes and lipstick. In addition, the girls received a wedding dress, shoes and hurried to the house to dress up the bride. The bride's dress could be white, blue or pale pink. To protect the bride from the evil eye, needles without ears from an unopened pack were stabbed crosswise into the hem of her dress on four sides, sometimes pieces of incense were placed in her bosom for the same purpose. Curls are the main element of the hairstyle. They did it this way: they took a large thick nail, heated it in the heat, rubbed it on a piece of bacon and twisted hair around it. The curls were laid in several rows around the forehead and fixed on top with a wreath - this symbol of girlish purity was kept all their lives, and Cossack women who remarried did not wear a wreath and a veil. The rest of the hair was braided.

And here you can hear horses stomping, the sound of carriages, songs, shots. This groom with his guests drove up to the court.

Well, now we'll see how the ransom of the bride went.

Bride ransom dramatization

Nastya Tsyganenko:

There are a lot of guests
From all distant volosts.
At the parade, everyone is beautiful,
It's a miracle, it's a miracle!
Once you come, don't back down
Answer in unison!
What are you, yes the whole crowd
Have you come home to us?
What draws you to this place?
Answer us...

Answer: Bride!

Vika Bowrosh:

Oh bride, speak
Well, then don't bother.
Prepare to pay tribute
To get a bride

Zhenya Vertepa:

Our bride.
From the most delicious dough,
Mouth is like honey sugar
Eyes - ready to argue with the sun.
Words - that halvah - it's necessary,
And the voice is a delight to the ear.

Nastya Kondra:

Our product is your merchant.
Pay it off, dude.
To continue on the path
We need to fill our package,
Can be with clean coins,
Maybe candy too.

The groom chooses a keg from the first box. Variants of inscriptions on the cards: "Fire tower", "Meter in a hat"

Don't you want a kalancha?
Well, please pay!

"Meter in a hat". Need not?
Pay us in full.

The groom chooses a barrel, which now contains a card with a name. Variants of inscriptions on the cards: "Tractorina", "Olympic Games".

What is your mine?
Not satisfied with Traktorina?

Olympics!?
And you don't need one.

Why does your fiancé speak so little, maybe he doesn't have a voice? Come on, sing to us.

Well, now we'll see, your fiancé's hands are intact - his legs. Come on, dance for us!

You did everything in order
He sang a song, danced in a squat,
You paid off in full
Get it, it's yours!

Young people stand in the gate of flowers.

I pour rye on you
So that your family is good
I sprinkle with furious wheat,
May you be a friendly couple!

Each family strives to build their house using the best building materials so that the house is strong and comfortable.

Think, and in order for the family to be strong, what qualities can be its basis. You have cubes on the table, select those that you think can be new family.

(Building a house from cubes) kindness, mutual assistance, politeness, hatred, attention, love, friendship, fidelity, evil, justice, honesty, trust, quarrels, revenge, mutual understanding,

This house will last forever!

Kuban song best story about the life of a Cossack. No matter how hard people lived in the past, but without a song - not a step. The soul of the people is in the songs. A song is a healer, a song is a cry, a song is a dance.

"Oh, yes, the dawns are clear in the Kuban."

Consolidation. Reflection

A real Cossack must plant a tree, build a house, give birth and raise a son. In the Kuban, cherries grew in every yard. They baked pies, boiled dumplings. We also have cherries. And if you learned something new for yourself, you liked the lesson, hang a red cherry on our tree. Well, if something didn’t quite work out, hang a green one.

Game "Horseshoe"

In the old days in the Kuban it was believed: "Whoever finds a horseshoe, it will bring happiness to him."

Generous our Kuban! But she gives her generosity to those people who care about her, cherish her, who keep the bright pages of the history of our Kuban and pass everything from generation to generation.

You bloom my Kuban,
Get more and more beautiful.
Will not drop the honor of the Cossack
Our generation!

V. Summary of the lesson.

VI. Homework.

Draw what you remember in the lesson: a Cossack, a hut, etc.

G densely populated, generously endowed with natural resources and a favorable climate Krasnodar region, which occupies 41st place among the regions of Russia in terms of area (75,485 sq. km.), According to statistics, today it holds the 3rd place in the country in terms of population (5,603,420 people) after Moscow, and, accordingly, the Moscow Region.

The basis of the multinational and multilingual family of peoples (124 ethnic groups) living in this southern Russian region are Russians (4,522,962 people). In percentage terms, the share of Russian residents of the region is 86.54%.

281,680 Armenians also live here, which is 5.39% of the total population of the region, 83,746 Ukrainians (1.6%), 24,840 local Tatars (0.48%), 22,595 Pontic Greeks (0.43%) , 17,826 ethical Georgians (0.34%), 16,890 Belarusians (0.32%).

There is a large diaspora of Adyghes in the region, amounting to 13,834 (0.26%), Gypsies 12,920 (0.25%), Germans 12,171 (0.23%), Azerbaijanis 10,165 (0.19%), Turks 8,527 ( 0.16%), Kurds 5,899 (0.11%), Circassians 5,258 (0.1%), Moldovans 5,170 (0.1%), Yezidis 5,023 (0.1%).

Lezgins and Ossetians, Shapsugs and Koreans, Assyrians and Uzbeks, Chuvashs and Mordovians, Chechens and Jews, Abkhazians and Bulgarians, Avars and Kabardians live here.

Russians

Russians are one of the most numerous European East Slavic, whose main character traits are compassion and mercy, rich spiritual world and veneration of ancestors, military prowess, traditional family and religious Orthodox values, they always listen to the "voice of conscience" and always strive for universal justice.

In the Kuban and the Krasnodar Belaya River, Russian residents form a specific ethnographic group. historical community or class Kuban Cossacks. Most of the Cossacks are Orthodox, but there are also old Old Believer communities here.

Cossacks before the revolution, under the Russian emperors, were engaged in the protection of the external borders of the state. Today they honor ancient military traditions, prepare future conscripts for service, educate them in the spirit of patriotism, maintain public order, and guard important infrastructure facilities.

Cossacks built a house for a new family together, which rallied the villagers. The decoration of the kitchen included a red corner, a shelf with icons, decorated with an embroidered towel, an oven, a common table, benches and shelves, in the second room there were chests with clothes, a chest of drawers, a mirror, and other furniture. In the usual interior of a Kuban house, there has long been a frame with important family photographs.

The men had a casual and obligatory military suit, the Cossack military uniform included a cloth Circassian coat, wide trousers made of the same fabric, a beshmet, a hood, leather boots and a cloak.

Women dressed in a wide long skirt, hand-trimmed with lace or embroidered blouse. By clothing, quality of fabric, decoration, one could immediately find out about the status of its owner.

The basis of the diet of Cossack families was bread made from wheat, vegetables and fish, lard and meat; borsch with sauerkraut, dumplings and dumplings have long been considered favorite dishes here.

Cossacks in the Kuban have always been famous, apart from military affairs, for their talented artisans who can work with clay and wood, metal and stone. There were always many potters and blacksmiths here, some provided the whole area with pottery, others made household utensils and tools, edged weapons and forged horses.

Women wove and spun, sewed and embroidered, girls were taught needlework from childhood. The families of the Cossacks were traditionally large, had from 5 to 15 children, for born child plots of land were given out, which made it possible to feed numerous relatives. The Cossacks speak a specific mixture of Russian and Ukrainian dialects.

Armenians

The local Armenian community is the largest in Russia; here in the Kuban, Armenians are represented by three sub-ethnic groups. One of them is formed by the so-called Circassogai or Trans-Kuban Armenians, who settled here between the 10th and 15th centuries. Their number is 15% (up to 100 thousand people).

The second group is the old-timer group of Hamshen Armenians who moved here during 1860-1916. from Turkey. Their main number then arrived in the Kuban from the Trebizond Vilayet, already weakened by that time. Ottoman Empire. The overwhelming majority of Hamshen Armenians are Gregorian Christians, they make up 46% (up to 300 thousand people) of the Armenian community in the Kuban.

The third group, up to 39% (up to 250,000 people), is made up of Hemshil Armenians, they are called “new settlers”. They are Sunni Muslims and moved here from Karabakh and Armenia in 1960-1970. Many regional organizations of the local Armenian community operate in Krasnodar, and it is here that the center of the diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church is located.

The majority of Armenians live today in the Sochi District, in the cities of Novorossiysk and Tuapse, in the cities of Temryuk, the city of Armavir and the city of Anapa. There are many Armenian villages in the Tuapse region, with. Ostrovskaya slit and with. Shaumyan, p. Lermontovo and s. Tenginka, s. Terziyan and s. Goith, p. Podkhrebtove and s. Plaho.

Ukrainians

The formation of the Ukrainian community in the Kuban begins in the 18th century, since 1792 a mass resettlement of 32 thousand Black Sea Cossacks-Ukrainians began here. Later, in 1809-1811. and, accordingly, in 1820-1825. first 41,534 Ukrainians moved to the fertile Kuban lands, then 48,392 Azov Cossacks Ukrainian origin from Chernihiv and Poltava provinces.

TO late XIX For centuries, Ukrainians made up almost half of the population of Kuban. Later in civil war 1917-1922 And Soviet years the number of Ukrainians coming here only increased. The resettlement of the related Slavic Ukrainian ethnic group to the Kuban did not greatly affect the process of their assimilation, traditions, the religion of Orthodoxy, customs and rituals had similar features and did not cause conflicts.

Interethnic boundaries were gradually erased, cultures mutually penetrated, the people quickly became bilingual, the unification of the Russian and Ukrainian ethnic groups in the Kuban was facilitated by common Cossack traditions.

Over time, local Ukrainians began to call themselves none other than “Kuban crests” and defined their ethnicity as intermediate between Russians and Ukrainians. The language of the Ukrainians also underwent some changes and was perceived as a "balachka", a joint "Cossack language", which became a dialect of the Russian language, including many Ukrainianisms. The culture of local Kuban Ukrainians gradually broke away from a single Ukrainian array and underwent notable influence Russian culture.

Tatars

Separate old Russian ethnic community Kuban Tatars, who are often called Kuban Nogais or Nogai Tatars, actively formed in the 16th-18th centuries. According to the local Armavir local historian E. M. Ivanov, “in 1911, about 400 people of the Mohammedan faith lived in Armavir, who consistently called themselves “Tatars.”

At the same time, the "Tatar mosque" with a high three-story minaret was rebuilt. Nearby was a one-story building of the "Muslim school". The name of the first religious teacher Mullah G.K. Baigildeev is also known. Most of the Tatars who settled in different time in the Kuban, were Kazan, but there were Crimean among them.

For the most part, local Tatars lived modestly, were engaged in private carriage, trade in used utensils and things, some were in the military and public service. When mosques were opened free schools, where Tatar children were taught to read the Koran, read and write and count.

The clothes and customs of the Kuban Tatars are completely similar to the traditional Tatar culture, the three-day holiday of Bairam was celebrated, the whole community visited the mosque. today vintage Tatar traditions actively revived, festivals are held Tatar culture, the activities of religious and cultural Turkic-speaking organizations are being resumed.

Greeks

One of the oldest ethnic groups of the Kuban are the Greeks. In the VI century. BC e. in the Northern Black Sea region, the first Greek city-states appeared, later united into the powerful Bosporan kingdom. Through these cities, the ancient Greeks traded with the Scythians and Meotians. The basis of the local Kuban Greek community is the Pontic Greeks, who came here from Turkish Anatolia in the 19th century.

They brought with them the cultivation of tobacco and grapes, and were engaged in trade. Their culture was different from the Hellenic, and the influence of the traditions of the Turks and Slavs is noticeable in it. All the rituals of the Pontic Greeks necessarily contain elements of the cult of fire, a luminiferous and life-giving principle necessary for nature.

Georgians

Archaeological finds (hoards of ancient Georgian coins) tell about the stay of rich and wealthy Georgians in the Kuban since 1227. Then the Georgian influence extended throughout the territory between and to Khazaria. Medieval Georgian settlements and several ancient churches have also been found here. With the emergence of the commercial center of the large village of Armavir, the presence of Georgian traders here becomes permanent.

Georgians were engaged in trade, maintenance of hotels and baths, inns and taverns, restaurants, buffets and barbecue houses, were owners of local breweries and factories, responded to charitable projects donated money to build churches.

Adyghe

The self-name of the original people of the Adyghes, related to them Circassians and Kabardians - Adyghe. This ancient mountain people has long lived in the Kuban, the so-called Maykop archaeological culture dates back to the III millennium BC. e. Further in the I millennium BC. e. the ethnic community of the Meots took shape, which many experts consider the ancestors of the Circassians. The ancestors of the Adyghes, even during the Great Migration of Peoples (V-IX centuries), during the dictates of the Golden Horde and the invasion of Timur, the raids and onslaught of the Osmanids, were able to maintain their bright and original culture.

The Adyghes, or "Trans-Kuban Circassians" turned to Russia for help and accepted its citizenship. Their houses were located in groups at the foot of the mountains, the Circassians raised cattle, especially horses, sowed bread, planted gardens.

Due to the special and very favorable geopolitical position of the Kuban lands, active migrations have been observed here at all times. different peoples. Many ethnic groups historically settled in this fertile land, its population was constantly increasing, and characteristic feature This territory has become its traditional multi-ethnicity and multinationality that has developed over the centuries.

At the mention of the Kuban, a picture arises in my head with dashing Cossacks on horseback and girls in elegant costumes. The North-West of the Caucasus, in most of which, mainly, the territory of modern Kuban is located, is famous for the diversity and abundance of flora and fauna, attracts the area with its territorial and geographical location. North Caucasus is a storehouse of natural resources, a variety of relief, extraordinary beauty and charm of local nature. Like any nation, the Cossacks have their own rituals and traditions, which were formed over several centuries and evolved thanks to the cultures of the West and East, which echoed each other on this fertile land.

Life of the Kuban family

It so happened historically that the original and peculiar way of life and way of the Kuban family has its own characteristics, here are some of them:

1. The Cossack family almost always consisted of a large number of people. Five to seven children were born in the family. Large families were created taking into account the fact that agriculture was carried out on their own, and there was always a lot of work.
2. Hospitality and generosity were an integral part of the Kuban people. This is connected with equating a guest, especially a stranger or a stranger, with God's messenger.
3. The upbringing of children began with respect for elders. They were taught to listen to advice and not to interfere in the conversations of adults.
4. A woman, whether mother, wife or sister, was treated with special respect by men. According to Christian scripture, the wife should not interfere in the affairs of her husband and vice versa, the husband in the affairs of his wife.
5. When someone entered the house, they were sure to be baptized on the icon, and the men took off their headdress.

Do you know which of the festive drinks was considered the most favorite and generally accepted among the Cossacks?

This drink was called Varena. It mixed honey, vodka, various dried fruits (apples, pears, raisins, grapes), which were boiled with various spices and ginger.

folk customs Kuban is very diverse and interesting. During the construction of housing, pieces of wool and feathers were thrown to the ground, so that everything was carried out in the house, while the entire population of the village took part in the construction. In order for the blessing to descend on the inhabitants of the future dwelling, a wooden cross was immured into the wall.

Holidays and celebrations

The celebration of celebrations of various kinds had their own nuances and rules: only married couples could attend the wedding, weddings were played exclusively in autumn or winter. The choice of a betrothed for a daughter or a bride for a son was made by the parents. It was interesting to celebrate the New Year. On the night of December 31 to January 1, bonfires were lit, fortune telling, various kinds of rituals were arranged, they went from house to house with carols and schedrovki. On the eve of Epiphany, people attended church, and they always returned home with holy water. Everything that was left on the table after the celebration, as well as straw and hay, was given to cattle and poultry so that there would be prosperity in the house in the new year. In the spring, Maslenitsa was celebrated in the Kuban, ritual food was prepared in the houses, consisting of pancakes and dumplings. The last Sunday before Lent was considered the day of "universal forgiveness".

Kuban lesson on the topic:

Customs and holidays of the peoples living in the Kuban

MAOU secondary school No. 16 named after.

Topic: Customs and holidays of the peoples living in the Kuban

Purpose: To acquaint students with the customs and holidays of the peoples living in the Kuban. To instill love for the native land, work, customs and traditions of the Kuban people; to cultivate patriotic feelings, generation, kindness and respect for traditions.

Equipment: household items, drawings depicting the peoples living in the Kuban, a computer, a multimedia projector.

During the classes.

1.Organization of the lesson.

What do you think, who and what will we talk about in our lesson?

1 student (2 slide)

Have you been to Kuban? And you visit:

Great people, glorious land.

They will welcome you as a good friend.

They will show how the earth is turned with a plow,

How bread is taken away, how the table is set,

As in the upper room, a guest is treated to us.

Kuban envy know how to work.

I love you, my land, (3 slide)

space Krasnodar,

and the work of a grain grower,

and songs and dances.

Today we will talk about the traditions and customs of the Kuban people.

2 student (4 slide)

Bread is eared and rivers are noisy,

Where the sun rises over the azure sea,

Gives its warmth almost every year,

3 student (5 slide)

Peoples live as a single family,

Kuban hospitable "mother" is called,

Beloved land is decorated with warmth,

They dedicate their songs and legends to her.

One of the legends has come down to us.

We will tell it to the world now.

Creating the earth, the Almighty conceived to create a paradise on it. He chose a noble land, endowed it with peace, beauty and harmony, and named it Kuban. He populated this region with multilingual peoples and blessed them, saying:

- “Live and adorn this land, but remember and fulfill my commandment: “Love your neighbor as yourself, and when joy and happiness do not leave you.”

- "But the people disobeyed their Creator, each nation became proud and began to elevate only its own culture." And then a terrible misfortune happened: songs and laughter were no longer heard. The old people stopped telling their grandchildren fairy tales and epics, old legends.

Gone are the traditions and customs. The once fragrant land began to wither. Darkness and cold descended on her. Cold and darkness.

And people raised their hands to heaven, turned their faces to the Creator and

Shouted

Oh Lord! Help us, guide us on the right path!

And the creator answered them:

Your strength is in love and friendship, in respect for each other. The culture of one nation is drop by drop - there will be a big river that will irrigate your land and make it flourish and fertile again.

Oh, almighty, one and indivisible for all peoples, send us your heavenly light, let us show each other in the light of day that “that all the peoples inhabiting this region” are worthy of decorating it with their songs, customs and traditions:

And the Creator said:

-"So be it"

Kuban is such a land:

From bread - golden,

steppe side,

She welcomes guests

And sings songs

Transparent to the bottom.

"Cossack fire,

Beautiful, young,

Kuban is such a land:

Once caress.

Love forever.

2. Work on new material.

All residents of cities, villages, towns can be called in one word - "Kubans". And we are all COUNTRYMANS. So they call people who have one land, a common small homeland.

Among our countrymen - Kuban - people of one hundred and twenty nationalities: Russians, Ukrainians, Greeks, Armenians, Circassians and many others ...

Each nation has its own customs, holidays, its own songs and fairy tales. They reflect the soul of the people: their way of life, love for work and land, reverence for fathers and grandfathers. Each of us needs to know the history and customs of our people. These are our roots, our origins. But it is equally important to know and respect the customs of the people living nearby. After all, we are countrymen: we have one homeland - our beautiful Kuban.

7 student (6 slide)

In life we ​​are given

Homeland is one

Right at the door of the gold fields,

The age-old thought of slender poplars.

Here my path lay in bread,

Here is my destiny - joy and struggle,

Here are my friends

Here is my family

You can't say more - this is my land!

- "Guys, and now we will make an excursion and our guides will introduce us to the customs and holidays of different peoples living in our Kuban."

1 tour guide. (7 slide)

Native Kuban loved forever

Cheerful, generous, free Greeks.

Leaving once native Hellas,

We found joy in the blooming Kuban.

Kuban we dedicate our song

And glorify her generous heart

In the 6th century BC on the banks of the Black and Seas of Azov Greeks began to appear, creating large Greek settlements. Gradually, Greek settlements began to form entire cities - colonies. The inhabitants of the cities - colonies grew bread, planted gardens and built houses, temples, fortresses.

In April, the Greeks celebrated the feast of Sirandonas and always prepared hortarike (herbal food) - a dish of forty herbs. Their tradition to celebrate spring on May 1 is also known. The children went to the field, where they fried eggs, rolled on the grass, the boys played leapfrog, and the girls played hide and seek.

2 guide. (8 slide)

Oh, my dear!

Blessed land of the ancestors.

Here they live according to the laws of honor,

They honor old people and honor customs.

Each Adyg can receive a guest,

Can saddle a galloping horse.

A friend of the Adygs will not leave you in trouble,

In grief will help him and need

They settled on the territory of the region from the 1st millennium AD along the entire left bank of the Kuban River. There were many nationalities among the Circassians: ZHANEEV, KHATUKAEV, SHEGAKI, TEMIRGOEV. They didn't have a main job. Some were engaged in cattle breeding, mainly sheep and goats, since in the highlands it is more convenient than grazing cows. Others grew grapes and fished. But they all valued horses very much. Many fairy tales and legends are dedicated to these animals.

Traditional holidays of the Circassians are associated with the beginning or end of field work, weddings, and the birth of a child. Holidays were called games. They were arranged in big yard, and if the yard seemed cramped - in the square or in the field. The whole aul was invited here, and often guests from other auls. Songs, dances, treats, “battles” of riders, the election of a “beauty queen”, the final dance in a huge circle - not a single holiday could do without this.

3. PHYSMINUTE

3 tour guide. (9 slide)

We are a living fence

Settled here from God

Catherine's sons

Russian people.

And it all began with the Decree of Empress Catherine II. She gave the Kuban lands to the Cossacks in gratitude for their conscientious service. And the convoys stretched along the dusty steppe roads. And settlers from the Zaporozhian Sich began to flock to the uninhabited lands - Cossacks - Cossacks. This is how our Cossack ancestors appeared in the Kuban. The Cossacks began to settle in the Kuban lands. It was a real military fortress. They poured an earthen rampart around it, installed watchtowers and guns. The violent river Kuban covered the fortress from three sides and reliably protected from enemies. The Kuban land was famous for its craftsmen, gifted people. From simple materials - wood, metal, stone, clay - works of art were created, but the value of the product was determined not by the material, but by skill and imagination.

There are many customs and traditions: some appear, others disappear.

The Cossacks kept the commandments of the Lord, the main church holidays, and regularly attended church. Each hut had a holy corner where icons hung. In the Kuban, calendar holidays were honored and celebrated: Christmas, New Year, Maslenitsa, Easter.

Main traditions:

Respectful attitude towards elders. Respect for a woman (mother, sister, wife). Honoring the guest.

Respect for the elder is one of the main customs of the Cossacks. In the presence of an older person, it was not allowed to sit, smoke and talk (without his permission). It was considered obscene to overtake an old man, you had to ask permission to pass. The younger one must give way to the older one. The words of the older person were obligatory for the younger. In conflicts, disputes, fights, the word of the elder was decisive (main) and it was required to fulfill it.

4 tour guide. (10 slide)

From the heights of Ararat, then the ancient land

The customs of the ancestors brought with them

Armenians are a cheerful and friendly people,

Who sings beautiful songs.

In the Armenian settlements in the Kuban on New Year's Eve, mummers climbed onto the flat roofs of houses and lowered a special bag into a rope, and the owners put gifts in it. When the design of the houses changed, the custom also changed: mummers in masks or with faces smeared with soot began to throw their bags on the porch of the house.

5 guide (11 slide)

“Nenka my Ukraine is mine:

Grain fields from edge to edge,

Whitewashed huts run away...

We once settled in the Kuban,

We honor this land as our home,

Lands of Kuban, "Yak mother kohaim"

Summer is spinning with colorful embroidery

On the lawn of linen canvas ...

Great talent has sisters -

Beauty, simplicity, kindness.

Ukrainians have been living in the Kuban for a long time,

Sons of the fertile earth.

Funny songs, hot dances

They brought to the Kuban

4. Consolidation of the studied.

And there was evening, and there was morning, and there was no end to dancing, songs and general fun. And the cultures of different peoples flocked into sonorous streams, and they united into a full river that irrigated the earth.

Gardens bloomed on it, bread rustled.

And people of different nationalities understood that they are all branches of the same tree, which has common roots, and that only love and friendship work wonders, only they can make our Earth beautiful and fertile.

That life is short is not a problem,

You can do a lot in it

If only the sun would always shine peacefully,

Shone over every threshold.

It is clear to everyone that it has become small

Today is the land for battles.

And just like before

Room for good deeds.

5. Independent work of students.

Guys, now answer the questions in writing.

6. The result of the lesson.

With the traditions of which peoples did we meet today?

Which folk holidays Do you know the customs?

Describe how these holidays go.

7. House. exercise.

Do your research and find out what customs and traditions have come from time immemorial into our lives.

Literature. (13 slide)

1., Textbook on Cuban studies. - Krasnodar: Prospects for education, 2012.

2., Workbook on Kuban studies grade 4 .- Krasnodar: Prospects for education, 2013.

3. Toolkit for the classroom. - Krasnodar: Prospects for education, 2011.

Cossack rites in the Kuban had the roots of Little Russia; there were various ceremonies: wedding, maternity, naming, christening, seeing off for service, and funerals.
A wedding is a complex and lengthy ceremony, with its strict rules. In the old days, a wedding was never a display of the material wealth of the parents of the bride and groom. First of all, it was a state, spiritual and moral act, important event in the life of the village. Weddings were not held in fasting and suffering in agriculture. The most preferred time of the year for weddings was considered autumn and winter, when there was no field work and, moreover, this is the time of economic prosperity after harvesting. The age of 16-20 years was considered favorable for marriage. The community and the military administration could intervene in the procedure for concluding marriages. So, for example, it was not allowed to extradite girls to other villages if there were many bachelors and widowers in their own. But even within the village, young people were deprived of the right to choose. The decisive word in the choice of the bride and groom remained with the parents. Matchmakers could appear without the groom, only with his hat, but this did not mean that no one knew the groom, otherwise they could immediately refuse him.
“There are several periods in the development of a wedding: pre-wedding, which included matchmaking, handshaking, arches, parties in the house of the bride and groom; wedding and post-wedding ritual. Wedding festivities in each settlement were distinguished by their diversity: riding around the village of parents, ransoming the bride, and then stealing the wife. At the wedding, the whole village usually walked, sang songs, danced.
For a long time there was a custom of kidnapping the bride, in case of disagreement of the bride's parents to extradite the groom they did not like. Kidnapping, as a rule, was by prior agreement of the young. But if on the part of the groom there were unauthorized actions without the consent of the bride, then for the defamation of the girl, if the settlement of the conflict did not end with the creation of a family (wedding), the culprit was expected by the revenge of the relatives, cousins ​​and second cousins ​​of the defiled (often leading to bloodshed).
In the past, among the Cossacks, only married people could participate in wedding celebrations. For unmarried youth, separate parties were held both in the house of the groom and in the house of the bride before the main wedding - this was a concern for the morality of the foundations of youth - for certain liberties were allowed at the wedding in celebrations and wishes.

In the Kuban, calendar Christian holidays were revered and widely celebrated: Christmas, New Year, Maslenitsa, Easter (Great Day), Trinity.
Holidays are usually celebrated big companies and even the general stanitsa festivities. A long period the Cossacks were in the habit of men's conversations (walking separately from women), and women's without men. And when they got together (weddings, christenings, name days), the women sat on one side of the table, and the men on the other. This was due to the fact that, under the influence of a drunken Cossack, in relation to someone else's wife, he could take some liberties, and the Cossacks, quick to reprisal, used weapons.
The playful, entertaining side of any holiday was very rich: driving round dances, playing with eggs, swings and carousels were arranged in each village. By the way, swinging had a ritual meaning - it was supposed to stimulate the growth of all living things. Easter ended with Krasnaya Gorka, or Seeing Off, a week after Easter Sunday. This is "parents' day", commemoration of the dead.
The cult of gifts and gifts was in great demand. The Cossack never returned after a long absence from home without gifts, and when visiting guests, they did not go on a visit without a gift.
Attitude towards ancestors is an indicator of the moral state of society, the conscience of people. In the Kuban, ancestors have always been treated with deep respect. On this day, the whole village went to the cemetery, knitted scarves and towels on crosses, arranged a funeral feast, distributed food and sweets “for a memorial”.