I. Checking homework

Lesson topic: Preparation for the final essay based on the story by I.A. Bunin “The Gentleman from San Francisco” (direction “Goals and means”).

During the classes

I. INTRODUCTION TO THE LESSON TOPIC

1. Conversation with students based on the parable “Taste of Air”

Tell me, can you taste the air?

Are taste and smell the same thing?

Let's lament a parable called “The Taste of the Air.”

What is the moral of this parable? What lesson did the Teacher teach his student? What does it call for?

What should be the basis of life? What goals should a person set for himself?

Which life values should be a priority in life so that a person does not regret the lost years, so that he has time to truly enjoy life?

2. Drawing up a mind map “Life Values”

Can we say that a person does not need material values, that he should strive only for spiritual ones? Justify your answer?

II. “IMMERSION INTO FABRIC” STORY BY I.A. BUNIN

What values ​​are the most important in the life of the gentleman from San Francisco? Prove it with text.

Is this good or bad? Can we give a definite answer?

What did the gentleman from San Francisco buy for long years labor?

What did he lose by acquiring wealth?

Does this mean that if a person sets the wrong goal for himself, then he loses the “taste of life”?

The hero is 58 years old. Did he really live?

Does he understand that he sacrificed his life for material wealth?

Why does Bunin devote only a few sentences to describing the life of the gentleman from San Francisco? Read them.

What are the means by which he achieves wealth?

What does money give him?

Find in the story a description of this power over people.

Having power over people, does the hero become happy?

Is it possible to immediately, at will, as if by waving a magic wand, become happy, learn to enjoy simple little things, experience a variety of sensations and feel the life boiling around?

Does he get true pleasure and relaxation during his vacation? Give reasons for your answer.

What does the gentleman from San Francisco not have, despite being rich?

What does deceptive goals lead to?

Let's put everything that has been said in the form of a diagram.

LIFE

FACILITIES

TARGET

wealth

deceitfulness of goals

the labor of thousands of Chinese

power over people

victim

yellow corpuscle

DEATH

spiritual

physical

What conclusions does the writer lead us to?

1. We must hurry to live, without postponing life for later!

2. Deceptive goals lead to spiritual and physical death

Is I. A. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” modern? Give reasons for your answer.

III. WORKING ON THE TOPIC OF AN ESSAY

1. Choosing a theme

1. How does the goal a person sets for himself affect his destiny?

2. What is more important for a person – spiritual or material goals?

3. Do you agree with V. Hugo’s statement: “Our life is a journey, an idea is a guide. There is no guide and everything has stopped. The goal is lost, and the strength is gone”?

2. Work on the composition of the essay

1. Introduction. A reference to an authoritative opinion on an issue close to the problem under discussion (for example, the words of Academician D.S. Likhachev: “ Only a vital goal allows a person to live his life with dignity and get real joy».)

2. Main part. Answer to the question asked in the essay topic:

1) argument 1 + illustration (story by I.A. Bunin “The Gentleman from San Francisco”);

2) argument 2 + illustration (goals of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky, heroes of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” // goals of Alexei Meresyev, hero of “The Tale of a Real Man” by B. Polevoy, etc.)

3. Conclusion. Appeal, appeal to the reader//discussion about the relevance of the topic.

IV. HOMEWORK.

Write an essay on one of the suggested topics.

LIFE GOALS OF LITERARY CHARACTERS

Parable about purpose in life

The mentor stopped, looked at the river and said to his students:

Look carefully at this river - it is like our life, flowing either violently or slowly. She can change at any moment and will never return to her former face.

The students looked carefully at the river. Then the sage asked them a question:

What path would you choose to achieve your intended goal?

The younger student replied:

I would not be afraid of the current and swim towards it to reach my goal.

“You are brave,” said the Mentor, “but there is a great risk that you will drown without reaching your goal.”

The average student replied:

I would choose a path, floating with the flow, like that twig that confidently floats along the river, and along the way I would gain experience.

A good answer, but only if the current goes towards your goal, and if not, then you are in danger, like this branch, of washing up on the shore of an unfamiliar place and rotting,” noted the Mentor.

The senior student thought and replied:

I would swim towards my goal, changing tactics, sometimes swimming with the flow, sometimes against it. If I got tired, I would stop for a break, and then, having gained strength, I would move further towards my goal.

You thought well about the mistakes of your friends, but still your answer was not wise enough.

Then the Mentor turned around and slowly walked home. The disciples stood puzzled for a while by the river and followed the sage. When they caught up with him, they immediately asked:

Mentor, which path would you choose along the River of Life?

He stopped, looked at his students, smiled and answered:

I wouldn't even go swimming.

“Has your goal already been achieved?” the students were surprised.

No,” answered the Mentor, “but you don’t always have to swim to reach your goal.” To achieve your goal you must first go...

Great Russian writer, laureate Nobel Prize, poet, publicist, literary critic and prose writer-translator. It is these words that reflect Bunin’s activities, achievements and creativity. The whole life of this writer was multifaceted and interesting, he always chose his own path and did not listen to those who tried to “restructure” his views on life, he was not a member of any literary society, and even more so political party. He can be considered one of those individuals who were unique in their creativity.

Earliest childhood

Born on October 10 (Old Style), 1870 in the city of Voronezh a little boy Ivan and whose work will leave a bright mark in Russian and world literature in the future.

Despite the fact that Ivan Bunin came from an ancient noble family, his childhood did not pass in big city, and in one of the family estates (it was a small farm). Parents could afford to hire a home teacher. The writer recalled more than once during his life the time when Bunin grew up and studied at home. He spoke only positively about this “golden” period of his life. With gratitude and respect I remembered this student of Moscow University, who, according to the writer, awakened in him a passion for literature, because, despite such a young age, little Ivan read “The Odyssey” and “English Poets”. Even Bunin himself later said that this was the very first impetus for poetry and in general writing activity. Ivan Bunin showed his artistry quite early. The poet's creativity found expression in his talent as a reader. He read his own works excellently and interested the most dull listeners.

Studying at the gymnasium

When Vanya was ten years old, his parents decided that he had reached the age when it was already possible to send him to a gymnasium. So Ivan began studying at the Yelets gymnasium. During this period, he lived away from his parents, with his relatives in Yelets. Entering the gymnasium and studying itself became a kind of turning point for him, because for the boy, who had lived with his parents all his life before and had practically no restrictions, it was really difficult to get used to the new city life. New rules, strictures and prohibitions entered his life. Later he lived on rented apartments, but also did not feel comfortable in these houses. His studies at the gymnasium lasted relatively short, because after only 4 years he was expelled. The reason was non-payment of tuition and absence from vacation.

The external path

After everything he has experienced, Ivan Bunin settles on his estate deceased grandmother in Ozerki. Guided by the instructions of his older brother Julius, he quickly completes the gymnasium course. He studied some subjects more diligently. And even a university course was taught on them. Yuli, the elder brother of Ivan Bunin, was always distinguished by his education. That's why he helped younger brother learning. Yuliy and Ivan had a fairly trusting relationship. For this reason, it was he who became the first reader, as well as a critic of the early creativity Ivan Bunin.

First lines

According to the writer himself, his future talent was formed under the influence of the stories of relatives and friends that he heard in the place where he spent his childhood. It was there that he learned the first subtleties and features native language, listened to stories and songs, which in the future helped the writer find unique comparisons in his works. All this the best way influenced Bunin's talent.

He began to write poetry in a very early age. Bunin's work was born, one might say, when the future writer was only seven years old. When all the other children were just learning to read and write, little Ivan had already begun to write poetry. He really wanted to achieve success, mentally comparing himself with Pushkin and Lermontov. I read with enthusiasm the works of Maykov, Tolstoy, Fet.

At the very beginning of professional creativity

Ivan Bunin first appeared in print at a fairly young age, namely at 16 years old. Bunin's life and work have always been closely intertwined with each other. Well, it all started, of course, small, when two of his poems were published: “Over the grave of S. Ya. Nadson” and “The Village Beggar.” Within a year, ten of his best poems and his first stories, “Two Wanderers” and “Nefedka,” were published. These events became the beginning of the literary and writing activity of the great poet and prose writer. First appeared main topic of his writings - a person. In Bunin’s work, the theme of psychology and the mysteries of the soul will remain key until the last line.

In 1889, young Bunin, under the influence of the revolutionary-democratic movement of the intelligentsia - the populists, moved to his brother in Kharkov. But soon he becomes disillusioned with this movement and quickly moves away from it. Instead of collaborating with the populists, he leaves for the city of Orel and there he begins his work in " Oryol Bulletin" In 1891, the first collection of his poems was published.

First love

Despite the fact that throughout his life the themes of Bunin’s work were varied, almost the entire first collection of poems is imbued with the experiences of young Ivan. It was at this time that the writer had his first love. He lived in a civil marriage with Varvara Pashchenko, who became the author’s muse. This is how love first appeared in Bunin’s work. The young people often quarreled and could not find common language. Everything that happened in their life together, each time made him disappointed and wonder, is love worth such experiences? Sometimes it seemed that someone from above simply did not want them to be together. At first it was Varvara’s father’s ban on the wedding of young people, then, when they finally decided to live in a civil marriage, Ivan Bunin unexpectedly finds a lot of disadvantages in their life together, and then becomes completely disappointed in it. Later, Bunin comes to the conclusion that he and Varvara are not suitable for each other in character, and soon the young people simply break up. Almost immediately, Varvara Pashchenko marries Bunin’s friend. This brought many experiences to the young writer. He becomes completely disillusioned with life and love.

Productive work

At this time, Bunin's life and work are no longer so similar. The writer decides to sacrifice personal happiness and devotes himself entirely to work. During this period, everything becomes clearer tragic love in the works of Bunin.

Almost at the same time, fleeing loneliness, he moved to his brother Julius in Poltava. On literary field there is a rise. His stories are published in leading magazines, and he is gaining popularity as a writer. The themes of Bunin's work are mainly devoted to man, the secrets of the Slavic soul, the majestic Russian nature and selfless love.

After Bunin visited St. Petersburg and Moscow in 1895, he gradually began to enter the larger literary environment, into which he fit very organically. Here he met Bryusov, Sologub, Kuprin, Chekhov, Balmont, Grigorovich.

Later, Ivan begins to correspond with Chekhov. It was Anton Pavlovich who predicted to Bunin that he would become a “great writer.” Later, carried away by moral sermons, she makes him her idol and even tries to live by his advice for a certain time. Bunin asked for an audience with Tolstoy and was honored to meet the great writer in person.

A new step on the creative path

In 1896, Bunin tried himself as a translator works of art. In the same year, his translation of Longfellow’s “The Song of Hiawatha” was published. In this translation, everyone saw Bunin’s work from a different perspective. His contemporaries recognized his talent and highly appreciated the writer’s work. Ivan Bunin received the Pushkin Prize of the first degree for this translation, which gave the writer, and now also the translator, a reason to be even more proud of his achievements. To receive such high praise, Bunin did literally titanic work. After all, the translation of such works itself requires perseverance and talent, and for this the writer also had to learn on his own English language. As the result of the translation showed, he succeeded.

Second attempt to get married

Remaining free for so long, Bunin decided to get married again. This time his choice fell on a Greek woman, the daughter of a wealthy emigrant A. N. Tsakni. But this marriage, like the last one, did not bring joy to the writer. In a year family life his wife left him. In their marriage they had a son. Little Kolya died very young, at the age of 5, from meningitis. Ivan Bunin was very upset about the loss of his only child. The writer’s future life was such that he had no more children.

Mature years

The first book of stories entitled “To the End of the World” was published in 1897. Almost all critics assessed its content very positively. A year later, another collection of poems, “Under open air" It was these works that brought the writer popularity in Russian literature that time. Bunin's work was brief, but at the same time succinct, presented to the public, who highly appreciated and accepted the author's talent.

But Bunin’s prose really gained great popularity in 1900, when the story “ Antonov apples" This work was created based on the writer’s memories of his rural childhood. For the first time, nature was vividly depicted in Bunin’s work. It was the carefree time of childhood that awakened in him the best feelings and memories. The reader is plunged headlong into that beautiful early autumn that beckons the prose writer, just at the time of collecting Antonov apples. For Bunin, these, as he admitted, were the most precious and unforgettable memories. It was joy, real life and carefree. And the disappearance of the unique smell of apples is, as it were, the extinction of everything that brought the writer a lot of pleasure.

Reproaches for noble origin

Many ambiguously assessed the meaning of the allegory “the smell of apples” in the work “Antonov Apples”, since this symbol was very closely intertwined with the symbol of the nobility, which, due to Bunin’s origin, was not at all alien to him. These facts became the reason that many of his contemporaries, for example M. Gorky, criticized Bunin’s work, saying that Antonov apples smell good, but they do not smell democratic at all. However, the same Gorky noted the elegance of literature in the work and Bunin’s talent.

It is interesting that for Bunin, reproaches for his noble origin didn't mean anything. Swagger or arrogance was alien to him. Many people at that time looked for subtexts in Bunin’s works, wanting to prove that the writer regretted the disappearance of serfdom and the leveling of the nobility as such. But Bunin pursued a completely different idea in his work. He was not sorry for the change of system, but sorry for the fact that all life is passing, and that we all once loved with our full hearts, but this is also becoming a thing of the past... He was sad that he no longer enjoyed its beauty .

The Wanderings of a Writer

Ivan Bunin was in the soul all his life. This was probably the reason that he did not stay anywhere for a long time, he loved to travel to different cities, where he often got ideas for his works.

Starting in October, he traveled with Kurovsky throughout Europe. Visited Germany, Switzerland, France. Literally 3 years later, with another friend of his - the playwright Naydenov - he was again in France and visited Italy. In 1904, becoming interested in the nature of the Caucasus, he decided to go there. The journey was not in vain. This trip, many years later, inspired Bunin to write a whole series of stories, “The Shadow of a Bird,” which are associated with the Caucasus. The world saw these stories in 1907-1911, and much later the 1925 story “Many Waters” appeared, also inspired by the wondrous nature of this region.

At this time, nature is most clearly reflected in Bunin’s work. This was another facet of the writer’s talent - travel essays.

"Whoever finds your love, keep it..."

Life brought Ivan Bunin together with many people. Some passed and died, others stayed for a long time. An example of this was Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva. Bunin met her in November 1906, at a friend’s house. Smart and educated in many fields, the woman really was his best friend, and even after the writer’s death she prepared his manuscripts for publication. She wrote the book “The Life of Bunin”, in which she placed the most important and Interesting Facts from the life of a writer. He told her more than once: “I wouldn’t have written anything without you. I would have disappeared!

Here love and creativity in Bunin’s life find each other again. Probably, it was at that moment that Bunin realized that he had found the one he had been looking for for many years. He found his beloved in this woman, a person who would always support him in Hard time, a comrade who will not betray. Since Muromtseva became his life partner, the writer has new strength he wanted to create and compose something new, interesting, crazy, it gave him vitality. It was at that moment that the traveler in him woke up again, and since 1907 Bunin traveled half of Asia and Africa.

World recognition

In the period from 1907 to 1912, Bunin did not stop creating. And in 1909 he was awarded the second Pushkin Prize for his “Poems 1903-1906”. Here we remember the man in Bunin’s work and the essence of human actions, which the writer tried to understand. Also noted were many translations, which he did no less brilliantly than he composed new works.

On November 9, 1933, an event occurred that became the pinnacle of the writer’s writing activity. He received a letter informing him that Bunin had been awarded the Nobel Prize. Ivan Bunin is the first Russian writer to be awarded this high award and prize. His creativity reached its peak - he received world fame. From then on, he began to be recognized as the best of the best in his field. But Bunin did not stop his activities and, as indeed famous writer, worked with redoubled energy.

The theme of nature in Bunin’s work continues to occupy one of the main places. The writer also writes a lot about love. This became a reason for critics to compare the works of Kuprin and Bunin. Indeed, there are many similarities in their works. They are written in simple and sincere language, full of lyricism, ease and naturalness. The characters' characters are written very subtly (from a psychological point of view.) There is a degree of sensuality, a lot of humanity and naturalness.

A comparison of the works of Kuprin and Bunin gives rise to highlight such common features their works, such as the tragic fate of the main character, the assertion that for any happiness there will be retribution, the exaltation of love over all other human feelings. Both writers, through their work, argue that the meaning of life is love, and that a person endowed with the talent to love is worthy of worship.

Conclusion

The life of the great writer was interrupted on November 8, 1953 in Paris, where he and his wife emigrated after starting in the USSR. He is buried in the Russian cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

It is simply impossible to briefly describe Bunin's work. He created a lot during his life, and each of his works is worthy of attention.

It is difficult to overestimate his contribution not only to Russian literature, but also to world literature. His works are popular in our time among both young people and the older generation. This is truly the kind of literature that has no age and is always relevant and touching. And now Ivan Bunin is popular. The biography and work of the writer arouse interest and sincere veneration among many.

Lesson 2 LIFE AND WORK OF IVAN ALEXEEVICH BUNIN (1870–1953)

Lesson 2
Life and art
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870–1953)

Goals : introduce the main stages of Bunin’s life, find out the features of his work, note how the writer’s worldview was reflected in his works.

During the classes

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin belongs to Russia, to great Russian literature, with his entire life, destiny, and biography.

Mikhail Roshchin

He - loving son Russian Noah, and does not laugh at his father’s nakedness, and is not indifferent to it... He is connected with Russia by a fatal connection.

Yuliy Aikhenval

I. Verification homework.

Quick poll (see previous lesson).

II. introduction teachers.

– What do you know about the Nobel Prize? Who becomes its laureate?

We begin to study the work of I. A. Bunin, the first among the writers of great Russian literature to be awarded the most famous prize in the world - the Nobel Prize.

He lived a long life and worked in literature for seven decades. Bunin's work was highly appreciated by his contemporaries and continues to excite the souls of more and more admirers of his talent.

Bunin's credo is “an in-depth and essential reflection of life.”

Let's together “turn the pages” of the writer's life and determine how his life principles and worldview were reflected in his work.

III. Lecture with assistants.

1. Stages of the biography of I. A. Bunin.

Teacher . The future writer, born in Voronezh in 1870, into a family of Oryol landowners, spent his childhood on the Butyrki farm, near Yelets.

Belonging to one of the most distinguished “literary” families, which gave Vasily Zhukovsky and the poetess Anna Bunin to Russian literature, the boy began writing poetry at the age of seven.

Expelled from the gymnasium for poor academic performance, he was educated at home under the guidance of his brother Julius.

In 1887–1892 The first publications of poems and critical articles appeared, then stories by I. Bunin.

In 1900, Bunin's story “Antonov Apples” was recognized as a masterpiece of modern prose.

In 1903, Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize Russian Academy Sciences for the poetry collection “Falling Leaves” and the translation of “The Song of Hiawatha.”

In 1915, the publishing house of A. F. Marx published full meeting Bunin's works.

Having tragically survived the October Revolution, Bunin and his wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva left for emigration.

After a number of trials, the Bunins remain in France, where almost the entire second half of the writer’s life will pass, marked by the writing of 10 books, collaboration with the leading “thick” magazine of the Russian abroad “Modern Notes”, and the creation of the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”.

In 1933, Bunin became the first Russian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize “for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated the typical Russian character in artistic prose.”

In Bunin’s diary dated October 20, 1933 we read:

“I woke up at 6.30 today . I lay there until 8 and dozed off a little. It’s gloomy, quiet, slightly spotted with rain near the house.

Yesterday and now there is involuntary thinking and the desire not to think. Still, there is anticipation, sometimes a feeling of timid hope - and then surprise: no, this cannot be!..

God's will be done - that's what needs to be repeated. And, having pulled yourself up, live, work, and humble yourself courageously.”

Assistant's work. Student makes a message according to the memoirs of G.N. Kuznetsova from the book “Grasse Diary”.

Teacher . In 1934, the Berlin publishing house Petropolis began publishing an 11-volume collection of Bunin's works, which he himself would consider to most fully express the author's will.

During the German occupation of France, wanted Jews hide in the Bunins' Grasse refuge.

In 1943, the pinnacle book was published in New York Bunin's prose"Dark alleys".

At the end of the 1940s, Bunin cautiously approached Soviet representatives in France and discussed the possibility of publishing his works in the USSR; however, he ultimately refuses to return.

He died in exile.

2. Features of creativity I. A. Bunina.

During this part of the lecture, students complete the task: in the form of a plan, note the main features of Bunin’s work (present 2-3 options on the board for discussion).

Teacher . Features of Bunin the artist, the uniqueness of his place in Russian realism of the 19th–20th centuries. are revealed deeply in his works.

Against the background of Russian modernism, Bunin's poetry and prose stand out as good old things. They continue the eternal traditions of Russian classics and in their pure and strict outlines provide an example of nobility and beauty.

I. A. Bunin draws facts, and from them beauty itself is organically born.

One of the highest advantages of his poems and stories is the absence of a fundamental difference between them: they are two faces of the same essence.

Assistant's work. Student message on question 3 on page 54 of the textbook: “What is the relationship between Bunin the prose writer and Bunin the poet? How do the metaphorical nature of poetry, its musicality and rhythm invade prose? Can we say that Bunin’s prose is plowed by the poet’s plow (“Antonov Apples”)?”

Teacher . Bunin does not like the “thousand-year-old Russian poverty,” the squalor and long-term devastation of the Russian village, but the cross, but suffering, but “humble, native features” do not allow not to love.

It is impossible to read the pages of Sukhodol dedicated to the village without a deep shudder. Don't protect yourself from compassion by reading scary story about the starvation death of Anisya, the peasant martyr. Her son did not feed her, he left her to the mercy of fate; and, old, malnourished all her life, dry from hunger for a long time, she died when nature was blooming and “the ryes were tall, swaying, shiny, like expensive marten fur.” Looking at all this, “out of habit, Anisya rejoiced at the harvest, although for a long time she had no benefit from the harvest.”

When you read about this from Bunin, you not only feel pity and your heart hurts, your conscience also hurts. How many are ungrateful forgotten people and today!

Reading Bunin, you understand that the village is not a subject for him; he is connected with Russia forever. Love for Russia with its “timid thousand-year-old slave poverty” is the writer’s testament to the new generation.

Assistant's work. Student message on question 2 on page 54 of the textbook: “What are the origins of Bunin’s social duality? How does the writer’s attraction to noble traditions and repulsion from them manifest themselves? How did Bunin perceive the “master and peasant”? Consider from this position early prose Bunin, for example, the story “Tanka”.

Teacher . Nature in Bunin’s works captivates and enchants: it is not abstract; to depict it, the author selected images that are closely related to life and everyday life ordinary person. The author’s blood connection with nature is emphasized by the richness of “colorful and auditory sensations” (A. Blok).

For him, nature is a “yellow tablecloth of stubble,” “clay mounds of mountains,” butterflies “in motley calico dresses,” “silver strings” of the wire of telegraph poles on which tailbones sit—“completely black icons on music paper.”

The uniqueness of the writer's style is determined by the special nature of the depiction.

In Bunin's prose there is a very wide range of speech means, recreating various manifestations of sensory perception and characterized by a high degree of concentration in a relatively small space of text.

Rough plan

1. Continues the traditions of Russian classics.

3. Does not like Russian poverty, but is connected with Russia forever.

4. Nature in Bunin’s works is enchanting.

5. The special nature of figurativeness:

a) a wide range of speech means;

b) a high degree of their concentration.

IV. Working with text (in groups).

On the cards are fragments of Bunin's texts. Students conduct independent research of the text in order to determine the range of speech means used by the author.

1st group.

Working with a fragment of the story “Antonov Apples”.

“...I remember an early fine autumn. August was full of warm rains, as if falling on purpose for sowing - with rains at the very time, in the middle of the month, around the feast of St. Lawrence. And “autumn and winter live well if the water is calm and there is rain on Laurentia.” Then, in the Indian summer, a lot of cobwebs settled in the fields. It is too good sign: “A lot of shady stuff in the Indian summer - vigorous autumn”... I remember early, fresh, quiet morning... I remember a large, all golden, dried up and thinning garden, I remember maple alleys, the subtle aroma of fallen leaves and the smell of Antonov apples, the smell of honey and autumn freshness. The air is so clean, it’s as if there is no air at all; voices and the creaking of carts can be heard throughout the garden.

These Tarkhans, bourgeois gardeners, hired men and poured apples in order to send them to the city at night - certainly on the night when it is so nice to lie on a cart, look at the starry sky, smell the tar in fresh air and listen to how the long convoy carefully creaks in the dark along the high road.”

Sample answer

This fragment, in combination with the included folklore elements(folk signs, name religious holiday) creates an image of Russia, a country to which the emigrated writer remained faithful.

Anaphoric repetition "I remember", "I remember" brings this prose text closer to poetry. There are generally a lot of repetitions in this fragment, which is typical of the writer’s style. The motif of the starry night sky, so often found in lyrical poems, also sounds here.

The reader's perception is influenced not only by the paintings painted by Bunin the artist, but also by the smells conveyed by him (the aroma of fallen leaves, the smell of tar, honey and Antonov apples) and sounds (people's voices, the creaking of carts, the creaking of a convoy along the road).

2nd group.

Working with a fragment of the story “Late Hour”.

“The bridge was so familiar, the same as before, as if I had seen it yesterday: crudely ancient, humpbacked and as if not even stone, but somehow petrified from time to eternal indestructibility - as a high school student I thought that it was still under Batu. However, only some traces of the city walls on the cliff under the cathedral and this bridge speak of the antiquity of the city. Everything else is old, provincial, nothing more. One thing was strange, one thing indicated that something had changed in the world since I was a boy, a young man: before the river was not navigable, but now it has probably been deepened and cleared; The moon was to my left, quite far above the river, and in its unsteady light and in the flickering, trembling shine of the water there was a white paddle steamer, which seemed empty - it was so silent - although all its portholes were illuminated, like motionless golden eyes and all were reflected in the water as flowing golden pillars: the steamer was exactly standing on them.”

Sample answer

This sketch contains a variety of speech means that recreate different manifestations of sensory perception.

More than just adjectives are used to denote color (gold) , but also a verb with the meaning of color (turned white) , which also gives the text dynamism, like the participles “in a flickering, trembling light.”

Bunin conveys the situation in the perception of a specific person, as indicated by the use of the pronoun "The month was on the left from me» . This makes the sketch more realistic and puts it in the spotlight. internal state of a person, which is revealed in the pictures he perceives.

There is an interesting combination in the description of the old bridge different sides perception in a compound adjective rough-ancient: rude points to external signs bridge, ancient brings a temporary connotation to the epithet.

3rd group.

Working with a fragment of the story “Mowers”.

“The beauty was in that unconscious, but blood relationship that was between them (the mowers) and us - and between them, us and this grain field that surrounded us, this field air that they and we breathed from childhood, this early evening time, these clouds in the already pinkish west, this fresh, young forest, full of waist-deep honey herbs, countless wild flowers and berries, which they constantly picked and ate, and this big road, its spaciousness and reserved distance. The beauty was that we were all children of our homeland and were all together and we all felt good, calm and loving without a clear understanding of our feelings, because we don’t need them, we shouldn’t understand them when they exist. And there was also a charm (already completely unrecognized by us then) that this homeland, this common home of ours, was Russia, and that only her soul could sing as the mowers sang in this birch forest responding to their every breath.”

Sample answer

The story “Mowers” ​​uses an anaphoric structure (these sentences are characterized by unity of beginning), which brings this prose work closer to poetry. This fragment is structured as a lyrical monologue. Lyrical expression is created by repetition different types: lexical repetition (words was, this), repetition of cognate words ( in kinship, grain-bearing, homeland), repetitions of words with general semantics “general” ( common, native, blood, kinship, together).

The theme of Russia sounds, as in most of I. A. Bunin’s works, in the words “we are children of our homeland”, “our common home” the author confesses his love for this country, emphasizing his blood relationship with its people.

This text reveals another feature characteristic of the writer’s style: the author influences different sensory perceptions of the reader by describing color (rosy west), smell (honey herbs), even the taste connects ( berries that were “constantly plucked and eaten” by the mowers).

Homework:

1. Write a miniature “Impressions from the first meeting with Bunin.”

2. Individual tasks:

a) question 4 on page 54 of the textbook: “What is the reason for the poeticization of loneliness in Bunin’s work of the 1900s?” Consider the poems “Sonnet”, “Loneliness”;

b) a message on the topic “I. A. Bunin is a most subtle painter of nature.”

Lesson topic: Preparation for the final essay based on I.A. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” (direction “Goals and Means”).
During the classes
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC OF THE LESSON
1. Conversation with students based on the parable “Taste of Air”
Tell me, can you taste the air?
Are taste and smell the same thing?
Let's lament a parable called “The Taste of the Air.”
One day Teacher asked me:
-Can you taste the air?
I sniffed the forest air and named several smells.
- Yes, you have a good sense of smell. But what about the taste?
I stuck out my tongue several times like a dog, but remained perplexed.
“Okay,” the teacher smiled and, jumping up from behind, grabbed me and covered my mouth and nose.
I realized that resistance was useless, but after a minute the instinct of self-preservation forced me to jerk my limbs and squirm. Then the Teacher let me go, and I breathed in a full breath of Life.
“The taste of life,” I said, catching my breath a little.
- Right. You should always feel this taste. This taste is also found in water, food and many other things. Don't eat anything that doesn't have the main taste. Don't talk to someone who is mentally dead. Drink from the Cup of life with pleasure, but do not rush, because you can empty it ahead of time, or you can completely spill it.
What is the moral of this parable? What lesson did the Teacher teach his student? What does it call for?
What should be the basis of life? What goals should a person set for himself?
What life values ​​should be a priority in life so that a person does not regret the lost years, so that he has time to truly enjoy life?
2. Drawing up a mind map “Life Values”

Can we say that a person does not need material values, that he should strive only for spiritual ones? Justify your answer?
II. “IMMERSION INTO FABRIC” STORY BY I.A. BUNIN
What values ​​are the most important in the life of the gentleman from San Francisco? Prove it with text.
Is this good or bad? Can we give a definite answer?
What did the gentleman from San Francisco acquire over many years of work?
What did he lose by acquiring wealth?
Does this mean that if a person sets the wrong goal for himself, then he loses the “taste of life”?
The hero is 58 years old. Did he really live?
Does he understand that he sacrificed his life for material wealth?
Why does Bunin devote only a few sentences to describing the life of the gentleman from San Francisco? Read them.
Until that time, he had not lived, but only existed, although very well, but still pinning all his hopes on the future. He worked tirelessly - the Chinese, whom he hired thousands of to work for him, knew well what this meant! - and finally saw that a lot had already been done, that he was almost equal to those whom he had once taken as a model, and decided to take a break.
What are the means by which he achieves wealth?
What does money give him?
Find in the story a description of this power over people.
Having power over people, does the hero become happy?
Is it possible to immediately, at will, as if by waving a magic wand, become happy, learn to enjoy simple little things, experience a variety of sensations and feel the life boiling around?
Does he get true pleasure and relaxation during his vacation? Give reasons for your answer.
What does the gentleman from San Francisco not have, despite being rich?
What does deceptive goals lead to?
Let's put everything that has been said in the form of a diagram.

FACILITIES
TARGET

Wealth

The deception of goals

The work of thousands of Chinese

Power over people

Victim
yellow corpuscle

DEATH
spiritual
physical

What conclusions does the writer lead us to?
1. We must hurry to live, without postponing life for later!
2. Deceptive goals lead to spiritual and physical death
Is I. A. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” modern? Give reasons for your answer.
III. WORKING ON THE TOPIC OF AN ESSAY
1. Choosing a topic
1. How does the goal a person sets for himself affect his destiny?
2. What is more important for a person – spiritual or material goals?
3. Do you agree with V. Hugo’s statement: “Our life is a journey, an idea is a guide. There is no guide and everything has stopped. The goal is lost, and the strength is gone”?
2. Work on the composition of the essay
1. Introduction. A reference to an authoritative opinion on an issue close to the problem under discussion (for example, the words of Academician D.S. Likhachev: “Only a vital goal allows a person to live his life with dignity and get real joy.”)
2. Main part. Answer to the question asked in the essay topic:
1) argument 1 + illustration (story by I.A. Bunin “The Gentleman from San Francisco”);
2) argument 2 + illustration (goals of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky, heroes of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” // goals of Alexei Meresyev, hero of “The Tale of a Real Man” by B. Polevoy, etc.)
3. Conclusion. Appeal, appeal to the reader//discussion about the relevance of the topic.
IV. HOMEWORK.
Write an essay on one of the suggested topics.

LIFE GOALS OF LITERARY CHARACTERS
Work, author hero Purpose of life
L.N. Tolstoy,
novel “War and Peace” Pierre Bezukhov Saving the life of a loved one, family members, your country, humanity
Prince Vasily Kuragin Money, material assets
Kuprin, story “Garnet Bracelet” Telephone operator Zheltkov Lyubov
F.M.Dostoevsky,
novel “Crime and Punishment” Sonechka Marmeladova Christian love
A.S. Pushkin, story “The Shot” Silvio Revenge
A.S. Pushkin, novel “Dubrovsky” Vladimir Dubrovsky M. Gorky,
story “Old Woman Izergil” Danko Life for the sake of people
Larra Life for yourself
A.T. Tvardovsky,
poem "Vasily Terkin" Vasily Terkin Peace on earth, victory over the fascists
Parable about purpose in life
The mentor stopped, looked at the river and said to his students:
- Look carefully at this river - it is like our life, flowing either violently or slowly. She can change at any moment and will never return to her former face.
The students looked carefully at the river. Then the sage asked them a question:
- What path would you choose to achieve your intended goal?
The younger student replied:
- I wouldn’t be afraid of the current and swim towards it to reach my goal.
“You are brave,” said the Mentor, “but there is a great risk that you will drown without reaching your goal.”
The average student replied:
- I would choose a path, floating with the flow, like that twig that confidently floats along the river, and along the way I would gain experience.
“A good answer, but only if the current goes towards your goal, and if not, then you are in danger, like this branch, of washing up on the shore of an unfamiliar place and rotting,” noted the Mentor.
The senior student thought and replied:
- I would swim towards my goal, changing tactics, sometimes swimming with the flow, sometimes against it. If I got tired, I would stop for a break, and then, having gained strength, I would move further towards my goal.
- You thought well about the mistakes of your friends, but still your answer was not wise enough.
Then the Mentor turned around and slowly walked home. The disciples stood puzzled for a while by the river and followed the sage. When they caught up with him, they immediately asked:
- Mentor, which path would you choose along the River of Life?
He stopped, looked at his students, smiled and answered:
- I wouldn’t even go swimming.
“Has your goal already been achieved?” the students were surprised.
“No,” answered the Mentor, “but you don’t always need to swim to reach your goal.” To achieve your goal you must first go...

The stories of I. A. Bunin create a feeling of something beautiful, mysterious, mysterious, sad and joyful. They seem to lift us above our existence and at the same time lift the veil over the secrets and mysteries of the Universe.

The title of I. A. Bunin's story "Book" contains two meanings: one concrete - "a work of print", and the other abstract and metaphorical - "life".

The Bible talks about the book of life, where everyone who believes in Christ and fulfills his commandments will be written.

The theme of the story is the correlation between the world of the book and the world of reality, in the attempt of the hero-narrator to find his place in life, in the search for the meaning of life. The story is built on the contrast between the fictional book world and the real world.

It begins like this: “Lying on the threshing floor in a sweeper, I read for a long time - and suddenly I was outraged.” “The threshing floor”, “the sweeper” are significant details of the text, creating an atmosphere of idyllic village peace and quiet. Why "outraged" and not "outraged"? The impersonal form of the verb conveys the surprise and impulsiveness of the feeling that gripped the hero. This feeling came somehow instantly, immediately and inexplicably: how long can you read and live with other people’s sorrows and joys?

The beginning of the text is full of details that recreate the image of time - fluid, changeable, transitory, passing away like water into sand and never turning back: “for a long time”, “from early morning”, “day after day, from childhood”, “ lived half his life,” “until the grave.”

The world of the book is outlined by a number of homogeneous proper names in pairs. Each image of the book world carries within itself symbolic meaning. Abraham and Isaac are heroes of the Bible, personifying submission to God, humility before his will. Hamlet with his reflection, desire to connect the broken connection of times, punish evil and establish justice, and Dante - a courageous and stern explorer of human sins. Gretchen, personifying youth, beauty and love; Chatsky, who entered into a duel with " Famusovsky society"All these names convey the complexity and diversity of the book world. We see that the narrator’s reading range is wide.

“Book obsession” and “other people’s inventions” are contrasted with the natural world. "...field, estate, village, men, horses, flies, bumblebees, birds, clouds - everything lived its own, real life". Nature teaches us to live a real life, and not someone else's inventions, it teaches those who know how to observe.

In the description of that important moment, when the narrator suddenly woke up from his book obsession, verbs of the past tense are replaced by verbs of the present tense: I look, I see sharply, I hear, I smell, I feel. You need to live not in the past, but in the present, this minute and rejoice in the fact that you can perceive the world with all your senses. The ability to look with surprise and joy. “with some new eyes” is the greatest gift. Life is “something extraordinarily simple and at the same time extraordinarily complex,” “deep, wonderful, inexpressible,” something “that is never properly written about in books.” Life is much broader than what is depicted in art, and it cannot be fully explained. If someone could explain life, it would lose its meaning. Life is a constant movement towards truth. “How can the heart express itself? How can someone else understand you? An expressed thought is a lie,” F. Tyutchev’s statement about the impossibility of conveying the inexpressible is also embodied in I. Bunin’s story.

Each of first three paragraphs of text begin with the verb “read”, that is, lived in a fictional world, and ends with the antithesis of this fictional world of books - a description of reality. In the rural landscape, the author seeks to convey the variability of nature, its subtle transitions from one state to another: “While I was reading, changes were secretly taking place in nature.” The epithet “hidden” emphasizes the holiness, mystery, incomprehensibility and mystery of the very soul of nature. The two landscapes are contrasting: “It was sunny and festive; now everything is dark and quiet.” Clouds and clouds "to the south... still bright and beautiful." It’s warm and softly smells of distant field rain. The earthly, objective, visible and tangible world is more beautiful than the fictional, book world.

The color epithets are unexpected, picturesque and colorful: “along a dry purple road”, “white iron shovel”, “blue black soil”.

The theme of life and death is connected with the image of the man, which is opposed to the narrator. A man is happy only because he lives in the world, that is, he does something incomprehensible in the world. He is happy that he planted a jasmine bush on his girl’s grave, and he believes that his girl knows about it, believes that she is invisibly present next to him. He does not grumble at God for his bereavement, he resigns himself to fate, is submissive to the will of God and hopes in Providence. The portrait of a man conveys his inner state: “The face is younger, clear.” "The hat is pulled down from the sweaty forehead." The man happily worked, planting jasmine “on his girl,” apparently talking to her as if she were alive, and therefore a miracle of spiritual renewal happened to him. miracle of soul enlightenment. A person lives as long as the memory of him is alive.

The narrator “reads everything”, “invents everything”, but internally he is ready to meet a man and change his attitude towards life. This seemingly insignificant meeting transformed the narrator. made him look at his purpose in a new way.

The man uttered only three phrases, but two of them sound like a revelation to a reader and give rise to many questions. “I planted a jasmine bush on my girl...” Does the girl know about this? The superiority of an illiterate man over an educated hero is that the man believes in future life and doesn’t doubt it for a minute. He believes without reasoning. Believes in eternal life and knows that he will meet his daughter in it. It is no coincidence that the purple road along which a man returns from the earthly graveyard final resting place man, just a guest in this life and an eternal inhabitant of heaven, lies between the threshing floor and the garden. When pronouncing the word “threshing floor”, Lermontov’s words are recalled: “With joy, unfamiliar to many, I see a complete threshing floor...” The threshing floor is a symbol of material well-being and prosperity, a symbol of earthly prosperity. Garden - symbol eternal nature, and in the Christian understanding - a symbol of eternal human soul. (“Everyone should cultivate his own garden”).

The author repeats twice that an oriole is singing in the garden. “Playful trills” and “flute singing” also give rise to questions in the narrator’s mind: why? for whom does the oriole sing? Is it for yourself, or for the life that the garden and estate has been living for a hundred years? The estate is a symbol of the homeland, the family nest. Or maybe this estate lives for the flute singing of the oriole?

The singing of an oriole is akin to creativity. The theme of creativity is connected with her image. In order to express yourself, your “I”, convey your vision of the world or in order to reflect it in your creativity the world. Maybe the surrounding reality, nature, exist in order to glorify them, to try to express the inexpressible?

The final part of the story echoes these questions, born of the singing of the oriole, and it arose under the impression of the man’s last phrase: “You read everything, you invent books all the time.” Why invent? Creativity is a complex and painful process. On the one hand, the eternal fear of seeming not similar enough to those who are famous is disturbing. On the other hand, the creator experiences eternal torment - to remain silent forever, not to speak about what is truly yours and the only real thing. How to preserve your “I” at least in words?

Thus, the themes of the story, as always with Bunin, are eternal and enduring: nature, creativity, life and death, happiness and the purpose of man on earth. The author's train of thought moves from the book world, creativity, to earthly life and to eternal life, and again returns to creativity. Starting with the contrast between the world created by someone else's fiction and real earthly life with its bright, visible beauty, the author ends with an affirmation of power and miraculous power artistic word. A word capable of preserving the unique human “I” with its unique world.