The story of the real Polevoy. How military correspondent Boris Polevoy created a great book

Leading Researcher

OIPP, Ph.D.

WRITER BORIS POLEVOY,

OUR COMMUNITY

Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy (Kampov), famous writer-front-line soldier and public figure. Laureate of the International Peace Prize, born on March 17, 1908 in Moscow. When the boy was 5 years old, the Polev family moved to the ancient Russian city of Tver.

The author of the famous “Tale of a Real Man” spent many years of his life in this city. In his autobiography, he writes: “My father was a lawyer; he died in 1916. I hardly remember him. But, judging by the good library left after him, where all the Russian and best foreign classics were collected, he was a widely educated man. After the death of her father, her mother worked as a doctor at a textile factory that belonged to the Morozov merchants (now called Proletarka). Subsequently, the world of the factory yard, Morozov barracks, pictures of working life, images of Tver residents will appear on the pages of his works.

St. B. Polevoy, 12, where the writer lived in his childhood.

Boris Polevoy was a true patriot our city, more than once he emphasized that “he grew up, studied, joined the journalistic profession, wrote his first book in Tver, and therefore now, not without reason, I consider myself a Tver.”

Nowadays, when it comes to where our famous fellow countryman studied, they usually name Gymnasium No. 6, from whose walls many outstanding people emerged (poet Andrei Dementyev, economist Shatalin, etc.)

Tver

School No. 6 (now Gymnasium No. 6)

However, according to the Tver literary critic, future writer first studied at primary school II degree (at Proletarka), read a lot, actively participated in the work of the circle of young naturalists. And only later did he graduate from the Industrial and Economic College (nowadays Gymnasium No. 6 is located in this building). My work history He started by working as a laboratory assistant, then as a shift foreman, and as a shop manager at Proletarka.

Since his school years he was attracted to journalism. In 1922, the Tverskaya Pravda newspaper published a short note by sixth-grader Boris Polevoy, in which the author wrote about a visit to school by the peasant poet Spiridon Drozhzhin.

Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy belongs to the glorious galaxy of writers who got a ticket to great literature given by Alexey Maksimovich Gorky.

While working at Proletarka, he publishes articles and essays about working people in local newspapers. In 1927, his essays received positive feedback Gorky and at the same time good advice to the young author - to work hard on the word: “Just like a wood or metal turner, a writer must know his material well - language, words, otherwise he will not be able to depict his experience, his feelings, thoughts; will not be able to create pictures, characters.”

Since 1928, Polevoy switched to permanent job to the regional youth newspaper “Smena”, published in “Tverskaya Pravda” and other publications. In one of the summer months, while on vacation, he leaves for Selizharovsky district. There Polevoy works in logging and becomes a timber raftsman. He writes his essays about lumberjacks and timber raftsmen at night, sitting by a fire laid out on a raft.

From the very first steps, he develops a trait that he will strictly follow - to write only about what he knows well, what he has seen himself.

Boris Polevoy, newspaperman, journalist, writer, always lived by what he lived Mother country. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War The story “Hot Shop” was published in the literary magazine “October”. It was dedicated to the Stakhanov movement at the Kalinin Carriage Works. During the Great Patriotic War, Boris Nikolaevich was a war correspondent for Pravda. From the first days of the war until Victory Day, he was in the active army, in the most dangerous areas where bloody battles took place. Recalling these formidable years, the famous writer Vadim Kozhevnikov writes: “Boris Polev and I, two truth-tellers, are getting to the front line in an emka. Soldiers, officers, generals usually recognized Polevoy and, what can I say, were very happy that Polevoy would write about them and write well, and they would read it, if, of course, both they and he, the war correspondent, remained alive.

More than once this fatal “if” hung over Polevoy, because he obtained material about soldiers and events in the thick of battles; it is no coincidence that on his chest we see two Orders of the Red Banner. It is known that Marshal Ivan Stepanovich Konev had great sympathy for Polevoy. He admired Polevoy’s courage, as a proven warrior can admire and appreciate it.

and Konev

War correspondent Boris Polevoy in our literature is on a par with such famous front-line writers as Konstantin Simonov, Alexey Surkov, Alexander Tvardovsky, Alexander Fadeev, Alexey Tolstoy. “With a watering can and a notepad, or even a machine gun” and his main weapon - a pen, he helped our people bring victory over the enemy closer. During the war, Polevoy kept front-line diaries, and after it, hot on the heels of front-line impressions and meetings with veterans, he wrote the novel “Deep Rear”, the books “Gold”, “Doctor Vera”, “Commander” (about the marshal).

Readers all over the world know the famous “Tale of a Real Man.” Undoubtedly, this is the main book of Boris Polevoy. Not everyone knows that it was created in the days when the Nuremberg trials were going on - the trial of peoples over fascist leaders. According to the memoirs of Andrei Dementyev, a famous journalist and then still a young writer came to us in Kalinin. The meeting took place in the House of Officers, in one of the most beautiful halls of our city. There was tense silence in the hall, because every listener was reliving the recent war. was about to leave, he was surrounded by familiar journalists. The questions began, including: “What are you working on now?” And here for the first time Polevoy called it “The Tale of a Real Man.” The writer took material for his books from life. It was he who was the first in our literature to call the pilot Alexei Maresyev, a war hero, “a real person.” This expression has become popular.

Polevoy’s book “The Tale of a Real Man” came to the reader in the post-war year 1946.

Pilot A. Maresyev

It was read in unsettled homes, in libraries that were located in temporary premises, in cold schools and, of course, in families who lost relatives and friends in the war. The author convincingly revealed the harsh hardships of war, showed what a person is capable of when we're talking about about the fate of the Fatherland. It is known that for many people who found themselves in the most difficult life situations, Polevoy’s heroes became examples of courage, helped to withstand “all deaths in spite of,” and restored the will to live, despite the cruel trials of fate.

More recently, “The Tale of a Real Man” was one of the most popular books not only in our country, but also in the world. It went through more than 180 editions in 49 languages with a total circulation of about 10 million copies.

Honored teacher Kulikov from ZATO “Ozerny” says with bitterness: “Before perestroika in our country, every schoolchild knew the story of the military pilot Alexei Maresyev, a “real man,” thanks to Polevoy’s book.” And he adds: “It’s a pity that she is now excluded from school curriculum. But history cannot be excluded by any decree; people’s memory cannot be erased or rewritten.”

IN post-war years the writer lived among those who restored the Dnieper hydroelectric station and built hydroelectric power stations on the Volga and Angara. And as a result - his new books “Contemporaries” and “On the Wild Beach”.

The merits of our famous fellow countryman in nurturing a worthy literary generation are great. For many years, Boris Polevoy was the editor-in-chief of the youth magazine Yunost.

B. Polevoy and A. Dementiev

He loved and knew how to work with young authors. Among his students from Tver are the poet Andrei Dementyev, the prose writer Alexey Pyanov, the journalist Boris Badeev and many others. One cannot but agree with the writer Albert Likhanov when he asserts that, of course, it is no coincidence that “the author of a book about courage, a humane and therefore anti-war book, became one of the main organizers of the struggle for peace.” Polevoy stood at the origins of the peace movement, long years headed the board of the Soviet Peace Fund. Behind military merits, for his services in the literary and social fields, he was awarded many orders and medals, he was awarded the honorary title of Hero Socialist Labor, awarded State Prizes.

In 2008, the centenary of the birth of Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy was celebrated. In connection with this anniversary, exhibitions were dedicated to him in libraries, and conversations about the life and work of the writer were held in schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. A competition of drawings and essays based on his works was announced for students. Long before the anniversary of Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy in ZATO “Ozerny”, students of school No. 2, under the guidance of the Honored Teacher of Russia, as part of a course on Tver literary local history, conducted a search work “In the footsteps of the pilot Alexei Maresyev, a “real man”. In the process of this work, materials on the history of the creation of Polevoy’s book were studied; Schoolchildren learned a lot about the post-war life of the legendary pilot. They made an unforgettable trip to the village of Plav on the shore of Lake Shlino and visited the “Maresyevsky clearing” in a dense spruce forest, where during the war days the village children Sasha Vikhrov and Seryozha Malin found a wounded pilot. Now in this clearing you can see a slab placed by local historians and a stele that was installed by soldiers of the missile division and the youth of the military town of the ZATO “Ozerny”.

In the fall of 2007, on the initiative of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, a competition was held in the Tver region school work dedicated to the Day heroes of the Fatherland.

The local history work of eighth-grader Alexandra Prokopenkova, a student of a teacher of Russian language and literature, “Stories about the people who saved Maresyev,” was recognized as the best not only in the region, but also in Russia, and received the highest rating in Moscow. This work was awarded a diploma from the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in the Central Federal District.

To this day, the study of the life and work of our fellow countryman-writer Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy contributes to patriotic education And historical memory the younger generation.

Tver for the writer Boris Polevoy is the closest and hometown, where his path to journalism and literature began, here Pushkin museums, in the creation of which he participated, here on Theater Square there is a monument to Pushkin, which he brought from the city on the Neva.

Tver. Pushkin

(sculptor)

And today the writer Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy, who loved his native Upper Volga region and when coming to our region, met with his fellow countrymen, has not been forgotten in Tver.

The illustrious fellow countryman, one of the first in our city, was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the City of Kalinin.” One of the streets is named after him, and memorial plaques are installed on the houses where he lived.

Bibliography

Essays:

· Hot shop, 1940

· The Tale of a Real Man, 1947

· Gold, 1950

· Deep rear, 1959

· On the wild coast, 1962

· Doctor Vera, 1967

· To Berlin – 896 kilometers, 1973

· These four years. In 2 books: 1974

· Most Memorable, 1980

Literature

Butuzov, E. Real man from our city // The valor of those who lead the way. – Kalinin, 1984. – P.115-128.

Gaganova, V. He wrote about working people // Youth. – 1983. - No. 3.

Dementyev, A. Remembering his life: on the 80th anniversary of the birth of B. Polevoy // Literary newspaper. – 1988. - No. 13.

Egorov, A. Boris Polevoy - fellow countryman, writer, person: memories // Tverskaya Vedomosti. – 1997. - No. 60.

Lebedev, N. Our fellow countryman Boris the field (Kampov) // Veche Tver. – 2008. – March 18.

Nikolaev, S. In memory of the illustrious fellow countryman // Tver Gazette. – 2006. - No. 52.

Pyanov, A. The Path of Boris Polevoy // Youth. – 1985. - No. 3.

Slanevsky, L. // Tver life. – 1991.

Chudin, V. A word about a real person // Tverskaya life. – 2001. – July 12.

Yakovlev, Yu. Once upon a time on this street... // Youth, 1984. - No. 1.

Russian Soviet prose writer and screenwriter, journalist, war correspondent. Hero of Socialist Labor. Winner of two Stalin Prizes of the second degree (1947, 1949). Laureate of the International Peace Prize (1959). Member of the CPSU(b) since 1940.

Boris Nikolaevich Kampov was born on March 4 (17), 1908 in Moscow, in the family of a lawyer. In 1913 the family moved to Tver.

From 1917 to 1924 he studied at school No. 24 (now Tver Gymnasium No. 6).

He graduated from a technical school in Tver and worked as a technologist at a textile factory. He began his journalistic career in 1928 and had the patronage of Maxim Gorky.

Boris Polevoy worked for the newspapers “Tverskaya Derevnya”, “Tverskaya Pravda”, “Proletarskaya Pravda”, “Smena”.

In 1927, the first book of essays by B. N. Polevoy, “Memoirs of a Lousy Man,” was published in Tver - about the life of people of the “bottom.” The book was noted by Gorky.

The pseudonym Polevoy came about as a result of one of the editors’ proposal to “translate the surname Kampov from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian. One of the few pseudonyms invented not by the bearer, but by other persons.

Since 1928 he became a professional journalist.

In 1939, the magazine “October” published B. N. Polevoy’s first story, “The Hot Shop,” which brought him literary fame.

In 1941 he moved to Moscow.

During the Great Patriotic War, B. N. Polevoy was in the active army as a correspondent for Pravda, including on the Kalinin Front (1942). He was the first to write about the feat of 83-year-old peasant Matvey Kuzmich Kuzmin, who, in the writer’s opinion, repeated the feat of Ivan Susanin.

The “Tale of a Real Man” written in 19 days (a story in 4 parts), dedicated to the feat of the pilot A.P. Maresyev, brought him fame and the Stalin Prize. Only until 1954, the total circulation of its publications amounted to 2.34 million copies. The story is based on the opera of the same name by Sergei Prokofiev.

War impressions formed the basis of the books:

"From Belgorod to the Carpathians" (1945)

"The Tale of a Real Man" (1946)

"We - soviet people"(1948)

He spoke at the all-Moscow meeting of writers on October 31, 1958, which condemned B. L. Pasternak and demanded his expulsion from the USSR.

From 1969 until his death, he served as Chairman of the Board of the Soviet Peace Fund. In 1961-1981 - Chief Editor magazine "Youth". Member of the SCM Bureau and the Presidium of the Soviet Peace Committee. Since 1967 he was secretary of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR, and since 1952 - vice-president of the European Society of Culture. Deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR (1946-1958).

Signed the Letter of a group of Soviet writers to the editors of the newspaper Pravda on August 31, 1973 about Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov.

B. N. Polevoy died on July 12, 1981. Buried in Moscow on Novodevichy Cemetery(site no. 9).

Family

Father - Nikolai Petrovich Kampov (1877, Kostroma - February 6, 1915, Shuya), son of the teacher of the Kostroma Theological School Pyotr Nikolaevich Kampov. At the age of two he was orphaned and raised in Shuya by his grandfather, Archpriest M.V. Milovsky. Graduated from Shuyskoye religious school(1891), Vladimir Seminary (1898), Faculty of Law of Yuryev University, became a lawyer. For five years he worked in Moscow as a secretary of the District Court. Then he was a city judge in Rzhev for three years, and from 1911 - a city judge in Tver. Died of tuberculosis.

Memory

The ship is named after the writer. On March 16, 1978, “for the creation of works that truthfully reflect the heroic and labor exploits of Kalinin residents during the Great Patriotic War and peaceful labor, a great contribution to the development of the city and in connection with the 70th anniversary of his birth,” B. N. Polevoy was awarded the title “ Honorary citizen of the city of Kalinin."

Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy - pseudonym, real name - Boris Nikolaevich Kampov; Moscow, Russian empire; 04.03.1908 – 12.07.1981

Boris Polevoy's books became widely known after the end of World War II. It was then that Boris Polevoy’s work “The Tale of a Real Man” was published. It was this that brought the writer all-Union fame, which was expressed in numerous awards, as well as a film adaptation of the book. And even after many years, B. Polevoy’s book “The Tale of a Real Man” occupies a significant place among.

Biography of Boris Polevoy

Boris Polevoy was born in Moscow. Later his family moved to Tver, where the boy went to school. Already at the age of 14, he developed a passion for literature. He tries to write short notes for local newspapers. After graduating from school, Boris enters the Tver Industrial College and here he becomes more and more interested in journalism. By the age of 16, his notes were published in local newspapers with enviable regularity. Therefore, when, after graduating from college, he got a job at a local textile factory, everyone understood this not for long. And so it happened. Already in 1928, Boris left the factory and devoted himself entirely to journalism.

This was preceded by Boris Polevoy’s first book, “Memoirs of a Lousy Man,” which was published in 1927. By the way, she was highly appreciated by the government, which was then in very good standing with the authorities. After the release of his debut book, Boris Kampov decided to take the pseudonym Polevoy. It was formed by translating his native surname from Latin.

During World War II, Boris Polevoy became a war correspondent for the newspaper Pravda. A lot came out of Polevoy’s hands at that time good articles. But here he also heard many war stories, which he began to reproduce in books immediately after the end of the war. The first of them was Boris Polevoy’s book “The Tale of a Real Man,” which was filmed already at next year after the book was published. Subsequently, many more books, diaries, essays and articles came from the writer’s pen, but none of them became as beloved as the book “The Tale of a Real Man.” At the same time, Boris Polevoy occupied a very high position in the literary horizon. This allowed him to head the Yunost magazine in 1962, which he headed almost until the day of his death.

Books by Boris Polevoy on the Top books website

Of the books by Boris Polevoy, only “The Tale of a Real Man” is mostly known. But reading this work is so popular, especially on the eve of May 9, that it allowed B. Polevoy’s book “The Tale of a Real Man” to take a high place in the ranking. At the same time, interest in this book is quite stable, and among best books The story about the war probably took one of the highest places.

Boris Polevoy list of books

Came back
Deep rear
Hot shop
Doctor Vera
Gold
Memoirs of a lousy man
We are Soviet people
On the wild shore
From Belgorod to the Carpathians

Diaries-essays:

30 thousand li in new China
American Diaries
Angarsk records
Far away
White light
Sayan records
Cycle of stories "Contemporaries"

Polevoy (pseudonym; real name– Kampov) Boris Nikolaevich – Russian Soviet writer and public figure, war correspondent, member of the Union of Writers of the USSR.
Born on March 4 (17), 1908 in Moscow in the family of a lawyer and a doctor. Russian. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1940. In 1913, the family moved to the city of Tver (Kalinin in 1931-1990), where the future writer spent his childhood and youth. After the death of her father in 1916, her mother began working as a doctor in a hospital at the Morozov textile factory (now OJSC Tver Manufactory Partnership). Subsequently, the world of the factory yard, pictures of working life, images of familiar fellow countrymen will appear on the pages of many of the writer’s novels.
In Tver, he studied at a 2nd level primary school, read a lot, was interested in nature, and actively participated in the work of a circle of young naturalists. IN school years he developed a thirst for journalism, and his sharp feuilletons began to appear in the satirical section of the school wall newspaper under the pseudonym “B. Gadfly”.
The first note (seven and a half lines and without the author’s signature) was published in the Tverskaya Pravda newspaper in 1922, when he was a 6th grade student. It talked about a visit to their school by the peasant poet S.D. Drozhzhin. After that, he began to publish information and sketches from city life in Tverskaya Pravda. Soon, at the suggestion of its editor A.I. Kapustin, the schoolboy Kampov began signing his materials with the pseudonym “Polevoy”.
After school, he graduated from the Industrial and Economic College and then in 1926-1928 he worked as a laboratory assistant, shift foreman, and shop manager at the caustic plant at the Proletarka textile factory. At the same time, he collaborated in Tver newspapers. In 1928, Polevoy left the factory and began working full-time at the newly founded regional youth newspaper Smena. From this time until 1941, numerous correspondence, articles and essays by Polevoy were published in Tverskaya Pravda, Tverskaya Village, Smena and the magazine In Our Days. The young journalist boldly and enthusiastically took up his favorite job: he combined in one person an essayist, a feuilletonist, a traveling correspondent, a book reviewer and a theater reviewer. In addition, Polevoy actively participated in literary life Tver: is a member of the Tver Association of Proletarian Writers (TAPP) and the “literary group”.
In 1927, TAPP published Polevoy’s first book, a collection of journalistic short stories “Memoirs of a Lousy Man.” The story of the birth of this book is very unusual: in the summer of 1926, on the instructions of the editor of Tverskaya Pravda, Polevoy, under the guise of a Moscow thief in law, infiltrated the Tver criminal environment for 20 days in order to write a series of essays on a social plan. However, his wanderings along the “bottom” unexpectedly brought him to the facts of contacts between criminals and the leaders of a number of party and Soviet institutions in Tver. The result of this journalistic assignment was several publications in Tverskaya Pravda, the removal from high posts of many of the then officials and “Memoirs of a Lousy Man,” which Smena journalists sent to M. Gorky in Italy. In his response letter, M. Gorky spoke about “Memoirs...” quite critically and strictly, but gave the aspiring prose writer a lot valuable advice and recommended studying. It was in this book that Polevoy formulated his main creative principle, “I write without fiction,” and demonstrated good skill show the characteristics of the psychology and thinking of the depicted persons.
In Tver, Polevoy formed as a journalist and writer. In the 1930s, in addition to newspaper materials, he wrote stories and historical novel“Biography of “Proletarka,” which remained unfinished, and its manuscript was lost during the occupation of the city by the Nazi invaders.
In 1939, Polevoy’s story “The Hot Shop” was published in the magazine “October,” which was a response to the development of the Stakhanov movement. The plot of the work was based on a real life conflict, associated with the re-education of a “difficult person” by the Kalinin Carriage Works team.
Participant in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940; war correspondent. for the period of hostilities he was drafted into the Red Army. In 1939 he was shell-shocked. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1940.
Participant of the Great Patriotic War. In 1941-1945 - in the Red Army. Since the summer of 1941, battalion commissar B.N. Polevoy was constantly in the active army, from October 1941 as a war correspondent for the newspaper Pravda and the senior correspondent group of the newspaper on the Kalinin, Steppe and 2nd Ukrainian fronts. Having walked the battle path from Kalinin (Tver) to Berlin and Prague, he created numerous military essays, reports, correspondence, stories, which, capturing the harsh reality of the war and the heroism of our people in the fight against fascism, then became the basis of the books “We are Soviet People” (1948; Stalin Prize, 1949) and “Contemporaries” (1954). The writer combined essays written in 1941 directly on the Kalinin Front into the cycle “In That Hard Winter.”
Polevoy was not only a brave reporter, but also a soldier who was not afraid of the front line. He flew on a long-range bomber to bomb German cities, was near Stalingrad (now Volgograd), in partisan detachments behind enemy lines, on the Kursk Bulge, in Poland and the Carpathians. And in May 1945, Polevoy, on instructions from the command, lands on a U-2 plane at the stadium in the center of fighting Prague and informs the rebels about the advance of Soviet tank armies towards the city. Here, under German fire, Polevoy first transmitted information about the situation in the city to front headquarters, and then an article to the Pravda newspaper, dictating its lines from notes hastily written on a cigarette box. Since 1945, Lieutenant Colonel B.N. Field - in reserve.
Polevoy’s greatest literary fame and glory came from “The Tale of a Real Man” (Stalin Prize, 1947), published in 1946 in the magazine “October”, and in 1947 in a separate publication. Her hero is a military pilot, Hero Soviet Union Lieutenant A.P. Maresyev (in the story - Meresyev), after the amputation of both legs, returned to combat duty. It has gone through more than 180 editions in 49 languages with a total circulation of 9 million 745 thousand copies. In 1948, a film of the same name was released on the country's screens (in leading role starred P.P. Kadochnikov) and in the same year the brilliant Russian composer of the 20th century S.S. Prokofiev wrote an opera based on this work, which was staged on stage Bolshoi Theater in 1960.
After the war, the writer, as a correspondent for Pravda, lived for a long time on the Angara, Volga-Don and Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, where he collected material for the novel “On the Wild Beach” (1962, filmed in 1966), in artistic form embodied the true events and real people– geologists and hydraulic engineers. He also visited many countries and dedicated his book reports to these trips: “American Diaries” (1956; International Peace Prize, 1959), “To Far Far Away Lands” (1956), “Thirty Thousand Lis in China” (1957).
The theme of war and the heroism of the Soviet people occupied important place and in Polevoy’s subsequent work - in the novels “Gold” (1949-1950, filmed in 1970), “Deep Rear” (1958), the stories “Doctor Vera” (1966, filmed in 1968) and “Anyuta” (1976). All these works are saturated with Tver eventual, geographical and figurative realities.
In addition, from the front-line diaries that the writer kept throughout the war, the documentary and journalistic books “In the Great Offensive” (1967), “In the End: The Nuremberg Diaries” (1969), “The Crush of the Typhoon” (1971), “Before Berlin - 896 kilometers" (1971). Biographical story“Commander” (1974) talked about the life and work of Marshal of the Soviet Union I.S. Konev, whom the author knew personally.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 27, 1974, for great services in development Soviet literature, active social activities and in connection with the 40th anniversary of the formation of the Union of Writers of the USSR Polevoy (Kampov) Boris Nikolaevich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
In 1974, Polevoy combined the documentary narratives “In That Hard Winter,” “During the Storming of Velikiye Luki,” “In the Great Offensive,” “896 Kilometers to Berlin,” and “In the End” into the duology “These Four Years.” It most fully reflected the principle of historicism, which allowed the writer to analyze the events of the past from the point of view of modernity. The heroes of the portraits and literary critical essays included in his book “Silhouettes” (1974) were S.D. Drozhzhin, I.A. Ryabov, M. Gorky, A.A. Fadeev, K.A. Fedin, E.L. .Voynich, Yu.Fuchik, A.Zegers and others.
Polevoy's documentary and artistic works are distinguished by high citizenship and patriotism, keen sense time, the affirmation of humanism, goodness and human dignity, love and interest in working people, in-depth psychologism, intense plot and living language.
Despite his great creative and social work, Polevoy did not lose ties with Kalinin. He periodically came to the city, spoke at schools and businesses, met with local writers and journalists, and gave interviews to regional newspapers.
Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of three convocations, editor-in-chief of the magazine "Youth" (1962-1981), secretary of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1967-1981), chairman of the board of the Soviet Peace Foundation, vice-president of the European Society of Culture (1952-1981).
Lived and worked in the hero city of Moscow. Died on July 12, 1981. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow (section 9).
Awarded 3 orders of Lenin (1967, 07.27.1974, ...), order October revolution, 2 Orders of the Red Banner (12/4/1944, 06/16/1945), 2 Orders of the Patriotic War 1st degree (10/21/1943, 1945), Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (03/15/1958), Red Star (04/27/1942), medals , including the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” (1943), as well as orders and medals of foreign countries.
Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1947, 1949), International Peace Prize (1959). Golden medal Mira (1968).
Honorary citizen of the city of Kalinin (03/16/1978).
In 1983, a street in Kalinin (Tver) was named after him, and on December 16, 2006, a memorial plaque was installed on the house where the writer lived. The ship is named after the writer. In Moscow, a memorial plaque was installed on the house where he lived.

Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy

Polevoy (Kampov) Boris Nikolaevich (1908/1981) - Soviet writer. The most famous works: “The Tale of a Real Man” (1946), which describes the famous feat of the pilot A. Maresyev, and based on it heroic fate image created positive hero; collection of stories “We are Soviet People” (1948), novels “Gold” (1949/1950) and “Doctor Vera” (1966). Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1947,1949), Hero of Socialist Labor (1974).

Guryeva T.N. New literary dictionary/ T.N. Guryev. – Rostov n/d, Phoenix, 2009, p. 224.

Polevoy (pseud.; real surname - Kampov) Boris Nikolaevich (03/04/1908-07/12/1981), writer. He spent his childhood in Tver (Kalinin). After graduating from industrial technical school, he worked at the Kalinin textile mill. The first book of essays, “Memoirs of a Lousy Man” (1927), was noted by critics. Polevoy's literary fame came from the story “The Hot Shop” (1939).

Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Polevoy has been a war correspondent for Pravda. The events of the war are reflected in his essays, published in the newspaper and compiled in the book “From Belgorod to the Carpathians (1945). Polevoy’s book “The Tale of a Real Man” (1946; Stalin Prize, 1947) gained great popularity in the USSR and abroad. It also showed characteristic creative manner Polevoy - the desire for documentation. The image of a positive hero was created in the story based on the real feat of a pilot A. P. Maresyeva. After the war, Polevoy visited many countries; his book-reports “American Diaries” (1956), “To Far Far Away Lands” (1956) and others tell about this. In the novels “Deep Rear” (1958) and “On the Wild Coast...” (1962) Polevoy showed strong, heroic characters Russian people, their daily bustling life. The novel “Doctor Vera” (1966) depicts the unbending courage of the Russian people in the territory occupied by the German fascists.

“The Tale of a Real Man” served as the basis for S. S. Prokofiev’s opera of the same name (1948).

Site materials used Great encyclopedia Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru

Polevoy (real name - Kampov) Boris Nikolaevich (1908 - 1981), prose writer.

Born on March 4 (17 NS) in Moscow in the family of a lawyer. Children's and teenage years took place in Tver, in the factory yard of a huge textile mill owned by the Morozovs. There was a good library at home, left by my father (died in 1916), where all the Russian and best foreign classics were collected. His mother, a doctor by profession, guided his reading, and among the first books he read were Gogol, Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov, Pomyalovsky, and later Turgenev, Goncharov, Nikitin and Chekhov. My favorite writer was M. Gorky.

Even during his school years, he became interested in journalism; his first article appeared in the provincial newspaper Tverskaya Pravda. He became an active worker correspondent for this newspaper several years later, when, after graduating from an industrial technical school, he worked at the Proletarka plant in Kalinin.

In 1927, the first book of essays, “Memoirs of a Lousy Man,” was published, noted by Gorky.

Since 1928 he became a professional journalist.

Polevoy's literary fame came from the story "The Hot Shop", published before the war in the magazine "October".

Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he has been working as a war correspondent on the Kalinin Front, being in the hottest spots. Military events, which he witnessed, are reflected in his essays, later compiled in the book “From Belgorod to the Carpathians” (1945).

In 1946, the famous “Tale of a Real Man” was published, written in nineteen days (when he was present at the Nuremberg trials as a war correspondent).

Military theme The collection of stories "We are Soviet People" (1948) and the novel "Gold" (1949 - 50) are dedicated to it.

In 1952 he published a collection of stories and essays about the builders of the Volga-Don - "Contemporaries".

In 1956, after a trip to different countries, writes book reports “American Diaries”, “To Far Far Away Lands”.

In 1958 - 62 he published the novels "Deep Rear" and "On the Wild Coast..."

In 1966 the novel "Doctor Vera" was published. For many years he was the editor-in-chief of the magazine "Youth".

B. Polevoy died in 1981 in Moscow.

Materials used from the book: Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary. Moscow, 2000.

Polevoy Boris (real name Boris Nikolaevich Kampov) is a prose writer.

His father was a lawyer, his mother a doctor. Soon after Polevoy's birth, the family moved to Tver. Father died early; Mother worked in the factory hospital of the textile mill of the Tver Manufactory Partnership, which belonged to the famous industrialists Morozov. After the death of the father, the family was forced to move from the city to the “house employees” of the Morozov factory. My father collected a large library; My mother instilled a love of literature. Polevoy studied at a technical school, worked at a textile mill, was a raft designer, and a hut owner (he was in charge of a rural club).

The first notes and essays were written while still a schoolboy and first appeared in the Tverskaya Pravda newspaper, then in the youth newspaper Smena, and in other Tver newspapers. Once, on instructions from a newspaper, he spent several days in close communication with the “thieves’ world”, the result of which was a series of essays about the “Tver Day”, published as a separate book - “Memoirs of a Lousy Man” (1927) (this is the only publication signed with the name of B. Kampov) . The pseudonym Polevoy was born as a result of the proposal of one of the editors to “translate the surname Kampov from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian. After the publication of his first book, the aspiring writer received a long letter from M. Gorky, which Polevoy himself considered a turning point in his destiny. It was after Gorky’s benevolent letter that Polevoy devoted himself to literary work and journalism. He worked in Tver newspapers until the very beginning of the war.

In 1939, Polevoy’s first story, “The Hot Shop,” appeared in the magazine “October,” about which he himself spoke as follows: “... in our socialist conditions, it is possible to depict in a book a living, real contemporary, who, if he bears the typical signs of the time, can become a hero of literature" (Looking back at what has happened // Soviet writers. Autobiographies: In 2 volumes. M., 1959. Vol. 2. P. 237). This statement is the credo of the writer, who did not change his journalistic vision of life even when he created works of art. The story “Hot Shop” is based on the real fate of a “hooligan boy” who set a new record in blacksmithing and “under the pressure of the good will of the team” revealed “his best features” (Ibid.). Polevoy's books were intended to educate a person of the “new society.” These are almost all of Polevoy’s subsequent novels - “Gold” (1949), “Deep Rear” (1958), “On the Wild Beach...” (1962), “Doctor Vera” (1965), the story “Anyuta” (1977), Sat. stories: “Contemporaries” (1952) (dedicated to the builders of the Volga-Don Canal), “Distant Friends” (1959).

During the Great Patriotic War, Polevoy was in the active army. Polevoy went through the entire war as a combat officer and journalist. In the fall of 1941, his reports began to appear in the newspaper Pravda. As a liaison officer and correspondent, he met the last day of the war in rebellious Prague, from where he transmitted his last war report. During the war, Polevoy became famous journalist and publicist; His books “From Belgorod to the Carpathians” (1945), “We are Soviet People” (1948), the story “Returned” (1949), “These Four Years” (correspondence from the front - 1974) are widely distributed. In the post-war years, Polevoy’s journalistic activities were also active: “American Diaries” (1956), “30,000 Li in New China” (1957), “Sayan Records” (1963), etc.

The most famous work Polevoy - “The Tale of a Real Man” (1946), which told about the unbending courage of man. The hero of the book, Alexey Meresyev (the real prototype bore the surname Maresyev), is a pilot who lost the feet of both legs in battle and returned to aviation. Polevoy wrote down the story of A. Maresyev, who was shot down in the forests near Velikiye Luki, in his diary during one of the front-line meetings.

Having been present as a correspondent at the Nuremberg trials, listening to interrogations about fascist atrocities on Soviet soil, Polevoy turned to his front-line notes and, while in Germany, wrote this story in 19 days. The book was a huge success. She helped a generation scarred by war to find strength to return to peaceful life. The documentary principle underlying the book was supplemented by the writer’s arguments about special character"Soviet person, communist." Polevaya’s books, for all their sketchiness and documentary nature, are characterized by an emotional uplift of style and at the same time a certain predicament, a social order, an attempt to create the image of a “positive hero” as an example to follow. In this capacity, Polevoy’s “The Tale of a Real Man” found itself next to N. Ostrovsky’s novel “How the Steel Was Tempered.” The story was filmed in 1948 at Mosfilm (dir. A. Stolper; in the role of Meresyev - P. Kadochnikov). Based on the plot of the story, S. Prokofiev wrote an opera of the same name in 1948.

Creative writing and journalism are only one side of Polevoy’s activity: he was a prominent public figure, was engaged in literary and organizational work, for many years (1962-81) he was the editor-in-chief of the popular youth magazine “Youth”.

The example of Polevoy's literary life is an example of immortality. His life was cut short in 1981, and 1982 began with the publication in No. 1 of the Yunost magazine of the article “Boris Polevoy: man, writer, editor.” Then in the same year, articles dedicated to him by V. Karpov “With faith in man” (October. No. 5), S. Baruzdin “The Charm of the Individual” (Friendship of Peoples. No. 10) were published. Later, articles by Yu. Osipov “Memory of a real person: To the 75th anniversary of the birth of B.N. Polevoy” (Ogonyok. 1983. No. 16), Yu. Yakovlev “On this street once” (Youth. 1984) were published No. 1). A. Nurshaikhov published “The Tale of Boris Polevy” in his book “Tales, Memoirs, Essays,” published in Alma-Ata in 1986; in “Literary Review” an article by N. Zheleznova “The Girl and a Soldier” (1989. No. 2) appeared, in “Altai” - an article by B. Meshtaev ““Campo” - in Latin field: Touches to the portrait of Boris Polevoy” (1990. No. 2).

“The Tale of a Real Man” continued its victorious march. It was published as separate books in 1982 in Novosibirsk and Chisinau, in 1983 - in Kiev (with a foreword by G.G. Shevchenko), Kharkov and Kaunas, in 1984 - in Petrozavodsk and Kiev, in 1985 - in Perm, Dnepropetrovsk, Yoshkar- Ole, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, in 1986 - in Kiev (after G.G. Shevchenko) and in Dushanbe, in 1987 - in Ufa, Minsk and Baku. “The Tale of a Real Man” was published in Moscow separate publications in 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989 and 2001. The 1985 edition opened with a foreword by V. Karpov “Textbook of Courage”; the 1989 edition was accompanied by a preface. and after. N. Zheleznova “Real people of Boris Polevoy” and “Talent is born twice”, in the 2001 edition the introductory article by P.A. Nikolaev “Feat as a moral norm” and the afterword were published. N. Zheleznova “A person is when they live proudly...”

G.K. Kaurova

Materials used from the book: Russian literature of the 20th century. Prose writers, poets, playwrights. Biobibliographical dictionary. Volume 3. P - Y. p. 86-88.

Read further:

Note from the USSR Writers Union to the Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M.A. Suslov on the organization of the Pen Club in the USSR, [No later than September 22, 1956]

Letter from B.N. Polevoy with a request for instructions from the CPSU Central Committee in connection with the upcoming release of the novel Doctor Zhivago. [No later than September 17, 1958]

Russian writers and poets (biographical reference book).