By type, there are groups of folk art. Directory of folklore groups
MUNICIPAL AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION
"CHILDREN'S SCHOOL OF ARTS. E.V. EXAMPLE"
city of Salekhard
COLLECTIVE: CLASSIFICATION OF COLLECTIVES OF FOLK ARTISTIC CREATIVITY
Methodical development
Predeina E.G.
teacher of choreographic disciplines
Salekhard, 2017
Content
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….3
Chapter I …………………………………..6
1.1 The concept of a collective of folk art…………....6
1.2 The main tasks and organization of the activities of groups of artistic folk art……………………………………….7
1.3 The problem of classifying teams……………………………………….16
1.4 The content of activities in the team…………………………...……....19
………………………………………………………………23
2.1 The concept of a folk, exemplary group of folk art and general provisions………………………………………..24
2.2 Conditions and procedure for conferring the title of "People's Collective"; the procedure for confirmation and the procedure for removing the title………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.3 Standards for the activities of the People's Collective; Rights and obligations of the folk collective…………………………………………………..30
2.4 Leadership of the People's Collective. States of the People's Collective. Remuneration of specialists……………………………………………….33
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………...36
Bibliography …………………………………………............................38
Annex 1 …………………………………………………………………...40
Introduction
Among actual problems theory and methodology of amateur performances, the problems of the essence of the collective, as a qualitatively independent and specific phenomenon of leisure, are of paramount importance. After all, in the end, no matter what aspect of training, education and development of participants by means of art and folk art, they are all directly related to the team, the features of the organization of its activities.
The collective of folk art is the basis for the accumulation of social experience by students. Only in the team its development is planned and directed by professional teachers.The processes of development of the individual and the team are inextricably linked with each other. Personal development depends on the development of the team, the structure of business and interpersonal relations that have developed in it. On the other hand, the activity of pupils, the level of their physical and mental development, their capabilities and abilities determine the educational strength and impact of the team.
Object of study is folk art.
Subject of research is a collective of folk art, a classification of collectives.
aim work is the consideration of the collective of folk art as a pedagogical phenomenon.
Work tasks :
Consider the concept of a collective of folk art;
Consider the organization of the activities of groups of folk art;
Determine the grounds for the classification of teams;
Show basic options"folk group".
The research process involves the use of various approaches and the application of existing information on research issues. The textbooks of V. A. Slastenin and I. F. Kharlamov became the theoretical basis for the main pedagogical issues.
V. S. Tsukerman was interested in the problems of the collective. In his manual "Folk Artistic Culture under Socialism," he examines the characteristics of an amateur art group, defines its essence, and classifies groups according to various criteria.
A. S. Kargin, Yu. E. Sokolovsky, A. M. Asabin, G. F. Bogdanov were engaged in purposeful study of various processes in the team. It is natural to turn to the works of A. S. Makarenko, who was closely involved in the theory of the collective.
The second chapter of the work was created on the basis of an analysis of the Regulations on the "people's" amateur collective of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions.
The study was not without reference to encyclopedic sources: in particular, pedagogical encyclopedic Dictionary, Chief Editor B. M. Beam - Bad.
The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and an appendix.
Chapter I examines in detail the concept of the collective of folk art, its essence, features and tasks.
Chapter II discusses the concept of a folk, exemplary group of folk art and general provisions; conditions and procedure for conferring the title of "People's Collective"; standards for the activities of the People's Collective; the procedure for confirming the title "People's Collective" and the procedure for removing the title "People's Collective"; the rights and obligations of the people's collective.
The appendix contains an exemplary application for the assignment / confirmation of the title of "folk", "exemplary" group of folk art.
Chapter I . Collective of folk art as a socio-pedagogical phenomenon
The concept of a collective of folk art
In order to understand the role of the amateur art group, it is necessary first of all to clarify its essence. Knowledge of the concept of an amateur art group is also important in order to properly plan its work, increase its effectiveness in the education and development of participants and spectators, develop pedagogical and artistic principles organization and management of its activities.
Undercollective of folk art is understood as a permanent, without the rights of a legal entity, voluntary association of lovers and performers of musical, choral, vocal, choreographic, theatrical, visual, arts and crafts, circus, film, photo, video art, based on the commonality of artistic interests and joint educational - creative activity of participants, contributing to the development of the talents of its participants, the development and creation of cultural and technical values by them in their free time from their main work and study.
The types of teams are:
Union - a form of creative activity in additional education, which aims to develop abilities, satisfy the creative interests of participants, organize leisure and recreation. Organized on the principles of voluntariness and self-government;
Studio - an amateur club team with a predominance of educational and creative classes in the content of the work;
circle - an amateur club group (as a rule, for the acquisition of certain skills - knitting, embroidery, singing, etc.), which is characterized by a small number of participants, the absence of preparatory groups, studios, etc.
Among the mainsigns that characterize the team can be called:
One of the main goals of the existence of the team is the opportunity to express themselves, to show their activity, initiative, independence, as well as the opportunity to assert themselves in the team;
The presence of socially significant goals, their consistent development as a condition and mechanism for constant movement forward;
The systematic inclusion of pupils in a variety of social activities and the corresponding organization of joint activities;
Systematic practical connection of the team with society;
The presence of positive traditions and exciting prospects;
Developed criticism and self-criticism, conscious discipline, etc.
The collective of folk art is multifunctional. The following mainteam functions :
Organizational - the team becomes the subject of management their socially useful activities;
Educational - the collective becomes the bearer and propagandist of certain ideological and moral convictions;
Incentives - the collective contributes to the formation of incentives for creative activity, regulates the behavior of its members, their relationships;
Educational - in the team there is a comprehensive and harmonious development of the individual by means of art, etc.
The main tasks and organization of the activities of groups of folk art
One of the main tasks of the folk art team is to introduce the team members to the artistic traditions of their people, to the national culture, world art values on the basis of their creative development and propaganda in the audience. The team also contributes to: the involvement of the population in cultural traditions peoples of the Russian Federation, the best examples national and world culture;organization of leisure of the population.
In the collective of folk art, there is a harmonious development of the individual, the formation moral qualities and aesthetic tastes. Members of an amateur group acquire knowledge, skills and abilities in various types of artistic creativity, get the opportunity to develop their Creative skills in one area or another.
The collective creates conditions for active participation in cultural life and creative activity of socially unprotected segments of the population. Including conditions for the cultural rehabilitation of disabled children and the socialization of children from a socially disadvantaged environment through creative activities.
Collectives of folk art by their activities contribute to the popularization of the work of professional and amateur authors who have created works that have received public recognition.
In general, the activity of amateur groups helps further development folk art, contributes to the wide involvement in the participation in the work of various social groups population.
A necessary condition for the functioning of the team is its organization. With all the differences in the teams of different institutions and departments, with all the variety of types of teams, they are all characterized by some common features organizational structure that distinguishes them from a number of other associations. These traits include:
1. The presence of a leader who combines in his person two main characteristics: a specialist in one of the types of art and a teacher who organizes the work of the team, manages its life, directs the process of upbringing, education and development of team members.
2. The presence of a headman or an asset, consisting of the most authoritative and initiative participants, contributing to the creation of a creative atmosphere in the team, exercising self-government in it, responsible for certain specific events.
The collective of folk art is created, reorganized and liquidated by the decision of the head of the cultural and leisure institution. The team is provided with a room for conducting classes, it is provided with the necessary material and technical base.
Collectives can carry out their activities at the expense of consolidated budget financing and extra-budgetary funds received from their own activities, the provision of paid services, the funds of team members, including membership fees, earmarked income from individuals and legal entities allocated for the development of the team, as well as voluntary donations.
The terms of membership in the team are determined by its Regulations. The amount of the membership fee (if any) is annually established by the order of the head of the base institution on the basis of the cost estimate of the collective.
Classes in groups are held systematically for at least 3 study hours per week (a study hour is 45 minutes).
By agreement with the head of the cultural and leisure institution, groups may provide paid services (performances, concerts, performances, exhibitions, etc.), in addition to the main work plan of the cultural and leisure institution. Funds from the sale of paid services can be used to purchase costumes, props, purchase teaching aids, as well as to encourage participants and leaders of teams.
For the progress made in various genres creativity, collectives can be presented to the title of "folk, exemplary collective of folk art".
Leaders and the best members of the team, leading a fruitful creative activity, can be presented in accordance with the established procedure for awarding all forms of encouragement accepted and operating in the industry.
Any team can exist only when it develops, relentlessly moving towards a common goal. The specificity of NHT collectives lies in the fact that its members and employees of cultural and leisure institutions themselves choose long-term goals and the current tasks of the team, they themselves determine the ways of solving these problems. Here comes to the aid of the theory and practice of general pedagogy, which has scientifically substantiated the conditions and laws of the development of the team.
Back in the early twentieth century, the famous Soviet teacher A.S. Makarenko formulated the laws of movement (development) of the collective, which are quite modern today and acceptable for collectives of folk art.
1 law. The presence of a large socially significant goal.
The purpose for which the team is created is of great importance for all its further work. Great importance has something for which people have gathered in a team, what are their interests and aspirations, what is the cultural value of their hobbies, since the interests themselves have different social significance, different social potential is also inherent in the activities that develop on the basis of these interests.
Great importance in this case also has a scope. Is the work of the collective closed in on itself, or is its work oriented towards going beyond its limits, into turning its activities into an important social cause? In the second case, there is a very educationally productive combination of pleasure from doing what you love with the moral satisfaction of a person who benefits people.
2 law. The right combination of public and personal aspirations and interests.
A person comes to an amateur team, realizing that here he will have the conditions for a more productive occupation of his favorite business than alone. But in the collective, in addition to individual interests, general collective interests also arise. The goal of the team is not a simple sum of personal goals. Individual desires enter it in an altered form.
To achieve a collective goal, such coordination of the efforts of people is required, which in a certain way limits the freedom of action of an individual. This is the objective basis of the contradictions between the personal and the public. The way out of this contradiction is the understanding that personal success is connected with the success of the whole team. Collective victory brings people no less, and sometimes more satisfaction.
It is impossible to achieve an absolute coincidence of personal and public interests, it is necessary to be able to coordinate them correctly. The need for coordination of interests often arises when developing a program of activities for a long time or when distributing roles and responsibilities.
Conflicts arise, the causes of which may be: inaccurate representation of the participants of an amateur collective about their own capabilities; sometimes the team needs its member to do the wrong job that he likes more; misunderstood the interests of the team (a person is assigned the same role, with which he copes well); egocentrism, selfishness of individual members of the team.
It is impossible to give a universal recipe for resolving these contradictions. The choice of the appropriate method of educational influence and conflict resolution is determined by: the degree of maturity of the amateur team; the level of actual creative possibilities of the participants; leader prestige and authority public opinion; individual mental features amateur; the degree of urgency of the work performed by the team, etc. Methods can be different: clarification and persuasion; manager's requirement pressure of public opinion; exception.
3 law. Availability of a system of perspective lines.
In addition to general goals, the team must have specific tasks, the solution of which is the real content of its movement (development). Such a set of coordinated mutually subordinate and regularly distributed in time goals and objectives is calledperspective lines .
1. Near perspective.
Immediate goals, easily achievable tasks. Their realization is possible by ordinary efforts and is within the limits of today's possibilities of amateur performance participants. [5, 216]
It is important to properly organize it in the early stages of the existence of the team, when immediate interest prevails and the long-term perspective is not clearly seen. For example, the head of the choir, learning a song at the request of most of the participants in the first lessons or organizing a concert attendance, begins work on uniting the team from this kind of perspective.
A skillful combination of theoretical and practical classes, special training exercises and executive and creative activities is necessary. The short-term perspective retains its significance at subsequent stages of the development of the collective, but its significance is different. If at the beginning of the work it is the only stimulus, then later its connection with the medium and long-term perspectives and subordination to them is realized. To fill close prospects with social content associated with joy, satisfaction from general labor stresses in the interests of the team - this task constantly confronts the leader.
2. Medium perspective.
This is a goal or event that is somewhat delayed in time, requires significant effort, and has greater significance. It breaks up into a number of small, successively changing perspectives, stages, associated with going out “to the people” - a concert, performance, exhibition, participation in a review, etc. The middle perspective line should not end at this, it is - milestone, but not the final step on the creative path of the team. The short and medium perspectives are quite concrete.
3. Far perspective.
It is necessary for the normal development of the team, all the activities of the circle, studio, folk team are aimed at achieving it. Its structure is multifaceted, it reflects the ideas of the team:
About the level of skill to be achieved;
About the place that the collective should take among other amateur collectives;
About the public purpose of the collective in the life of its cultural institution, district, city.
The long-term perspective embodies the limit of today's interests and cannot be clearly specified. But due to its significance and attractiveness, it becomes a powerful mobilizing tool.
The pedagogical meaning of perspective lines lies in their simultaneous existence and awareness of the immediate, intermediate and distant goals. Each result, step is perceived not by itself, but as a necessary stage on the way to significant achievements. And at the same time, distant prospects are becoming more realistic. All this contributes to the normal development of the team of amateur creativity.
4 law. Formation of public opinion, development of traditions of the folk art team.
Public opinion plays an important role in the development and formation of both the team and the individual. In an artistic group, public opinion is a kind of supreme authority. It governs the whole inner life of the collective. And persuasion, and censure, and encouragement always comes on behalf of and through public opinion. Public opinion, integrating the judgments of interested and well-informed people, is usually competent and objective.
Public opinion is an authority, a model for following an example, a standard of correctness, something high. The sanctions resorted to by members of the communities (collective) support and reinforce this high position of public opinion. As an authority and model, public opinion orients the individual so that he does not end up among the “outcasts” who oppose themselves to society.
On the other hand, public opinion is a tool for putting pressure on individual members of the team, groups of participants who show self-will and willfulness. It determines what wrong deeds should be sanctioned by the majority of members of communities, organizations.
The criteria of public opinion have significant stability. They are less subject to fluctuations than the moods, feelings and judgments of an individual. To form public opinion great attention provides evaluation of the head, evaluation by the public. Evaluation is the highest management tool. Any action individual people or microgroups, intermediate results and overall results should be evaluated from the standpoint of their significance for the team as a whole.
A huge role for the development of the team is the presence of traditions in it.Tradition - not any recurring elements in the life of the team, but only those that characterize them as special teams, not like others. A.S. Makarenko wrote: "Tradition adorns the collective, it creates for the collective that external frame in which one can live beautifully and which therefore captivates." The ability to find a beautiful, ideologically and emotionally capacious tradition lies in the skill of the head of the NHT team.
It is necessary to form traditions in the early stages of the development of the team. Joint visits to concerts, exhibitions, excursions, walks in nature allow you to build comradely relationships in an artistic group and are valuable for personal development. There are several types of traditions.
1. Traditions associated with intra-collective activities. These include, for example, the beginning of rehearsal classes with a certain chant, actions; original forms of holding the first meeting in the new season and last meeting V academic year; the ritual of accepting newcomers to the team, which includes recommendations, the presentation of independently completed work, a comic quality check, solemn promises, the presentation of a membership card, a written mandate, etc.
2. Traditions associated with the creative activity of the team. These may be traditional meetings with figures of culture and art, professional artists; annual concerts for veterans, children from orphanages, meetings with similar groups from other cultural institutions, cities, countries.
3. Traditions associated with the repertoire. The inclusion of works of the same author in the repertoire of the folk art group (for example, systematically include plays by A.N. Ostrovsky in the repertoire of the theater group), the tradition of starting or ending the concert with the same song, etc.
The assertion of traditions is associated with the development of paraphernalia, which is a kind of symbolization of the content with the help of external expression. These include badges and the emblem of the team, the motto, the traditional form of announcements about the next classes, meetings, rehearsals, some symbolic items, talismans.
Traditions are more easily perceived and approved when the participants of amateur performances know the history of the emergence and development of the team. Each participant should be aware of the milestones of the organizational and creative way of your team. They do the right thing where they keep a chronicle of their lives, collect and store material relics, posters, programs, and even organize small museums.
1.3. The problem of group classification
When trying to classify folk art groups, certain difficulties arise. But it is necessary to do this, since not only the final result of creativity in the team and the ways of demonstrating the results depend on this, but also the nature of the classes, the educational and training process is peculiar, contacts with the public take specific forms.
It is possible to classify groups distinguished by the following features:
By departmental affiliation (collectives of state institutions, military units, etc.),
According to socio-professional characteristics (working, student, school),
According to demographic characteristics (children, adolescents, youths); female choir, male choir, etc.);
Duration and periodicity of existence (temporary, permanent, etc.).
It is more difficult to create a classification of collectives based on deeper characteristics than socio-demographic characteristics.
V. S. Tsukerman proposes the following structure scheme, based on varioustypes of teams and their level of development :
1. Collectives of primary art.
Circles focused primarily on educational purposes. Participants are engaged mainly "for themselves", the results of the activities are exhibited to a narrow circle of people.
Collectives of the second stage, which accept people who have a certain artistic and creative experience and possess, if not talents, then at least the makings of artistic talent.
Folk groups that combine artistic, creative and studio activities, that is, a systematic and fairly serious study of the history, theory and technology of the chosen art form. They are partially represented by semi-professionals, that is, people who have received a general art education but working in a different field.
2. Collectives of secondary art.
Circles with a weakly expressed artistic beginning are something transitional from an informal group for joint leisure activities to an artistic group.
Bringing people together for a joint artistic activity, which do not have the status of a formal group. Relatively regularly, not without obligatory attendance, people gather to sing, dance, read poetry, etc.
Collectives of the first stage or circles that bring together participants who solve relatively simple artistic problems and perform in front of a narrow circle of spectators (schools, military units, institutions, etc.)
Teams of the second stage, consisting of relatively trained and seriously interested in art participants who get acquainted with the basics of the history and theory of art, perform in front of a wide range of spectators, participate in reviews and competitions.
Collectives of the highest type, which, as a rule, are marked by honorary titles of the people. These are amateur theatres, folk orchestras and choirs, song and dance ensembles, etc. In them, the participants master a complex repertoire, through systematic classes they acquire knowledge and skills in their chosen art form. The organizational structure of such collectives acquires a different character. They are often subdivided into groups (junior, senior, beginner team, main staff), divided into several primary teams, each of which is led by a special teacher, and general management is carried out artistic director. Folk groups perform on a regional, all-Russian scale, present their art abroad. Such groups are methodological centers for amateur art circles.
Studios as a unique form of connecting amateur performances with the system of art education.
This classification is used in sociology.
For work in scientific and methodological centers, the classification is usedteams by genre of creativity orby territorial affiliation collective (Example of such classifications in Appendix 2). Classification by genre is also used when awarding the title of "folk" group, and according to this classification, the standards of its activity are determined. Therefore, it is advisable to bring to workclassification of groups by genre of creativity:
Collectivestheater arts: dramatic, musical and dramatic, puppet theaters, young spectator theaters, theaters of small forms - theaters of variety, poetry, miniatures, pantomime, etc.
Collectivesmusical art: choirs, vocal ensembles, folk song ensembles, song and dance ensembles, folk instrument orchestras, pop and brass bands, vocal and instrumental ensembles, performing musicians, singers.
Collectiveschoreographic art: folk, classical, pop, sports, modern, ethnographic and ballroom dances.
Collectivescircus art: circus studios, performers of the original genre.
Collectivesfine and decorative arts.
Collectivesphoto, film, video art.
1.4. The content of activities in the team
The content of the activity largely depends on the genre of the amateur group. Many types of work carried out in a team will have their own specifics depending on the type of creativity.
It is advisable to divide all creative and production activities into several blocks, such as organizational and methodological work, educational work, extracurricular work, concert activities.
All organizational and methodological work in all teams is approximately the same: recruitment or additional admission of participants to the team; selection of a new asset, preparation of asset reports on the work done; study of the needs, requests of the population; measures to create a creative atmosphere in teams; conscientious fulfillment of instructions by the participants, education careful attitude to the property of the institution; held at least once a quarter and at the end of the year general meeting team members with summing up the results of creative work; accumulation of methodological materials, as well as materials reflecting the history of the development of the team (plans, diaries, reports, albums, sketches, layouts, programs, posters, advertisements, booklets, photos, films, video materials, etc.). This work is based on general provisions and is carried out in one way or another in any amateur collective. But the organization and form of conducting systematic classes characteristic of a given team (rehearsal, lecture, lesson, training, etc.) will depend on the genre of creativity.
Acquires specificityeducational and creative work, which includes the training, education and upbringing of the participants. If the training is ultimately focused on the fact that the participants would master the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of working with works of art and their performance, then education - to expand the horizons in the field of culture and art, public life in general, and education - to form the worldview, moral, aesthetic and physical qualities of the participants.
Teaching and educational work in collectives is determined by plans and programs and should include in all collectives: familiarization with the history of arts, the processes taking place in amateur folk art, the development trends of its individual types and genres; discussion of issues of repertoire formation. Team members visit museums, exhibitions, theaters, concerts, etc. for educational and informational purposes.
Also, in all groups, staging (choreographer, director, conductor) and rehearsal work (working out staged numbers, performances, etudes, compositions, musical works and so on.).
Features of working in teamstheatrical art
consist of the following specific "subjects":
classes in acting, speech technique and artistic word, musical literacy, voice production, learning vocal parts; work with a director, playwright, composer, concertmaster; work on a miniature, a thematic program, a literary or literary-musical composition, a prose, poetic work or a cycle of poems.
In teams musical art taking place: study classes musical literacy, solfeggio, history and theory of music, choral art, voice production; learning pieces for the choir with and without accompaniment, learning pieces with soloists and ensembles; learning the parts of ensembles, choirs, conducting general rehearsals, classical and characteristic training; on learning solo, group dances, choreographic miniatures; for learning to play musical instruments; familiarization with the initial principles of instrumentation for musical ensembles, conducting orchestral lessons on learning parts.
In teams choreographic art: classes on the study of the history and theory of choreography; classical and characteristic exercise; learning solo and group dances, choreographic miniatures, compositions, dance suites, plot productions.
In teams circus arts: classes on the study of the history of circus art; exercise and physical development; technique of circus art, musical and artistic design, director's decision of the performance.
In teams fine and decorative arts: classes in the study of the history of fine and decorative arts; technique and technology of painting, graphics, sculpture and applied arts- carving, embossing, inlay, artistic embroidery, beading, etc.; compositions; performance of tasks of an artistic and design nature; organization of exhibitions, work in the open air.
In teams photo, film, video art : classes in the study of the history of cinema and photography; material part; film, video and photography techniques; directing, cinematography, screenwriting; organizing screenings, analysis and discussions of amateur films and photographs; according to the method of organizing photo exhibitions, watching movies and videos, performing design work (with amateur photographers); making films on various topics.
In any groups, regardless of genre, there isextracurricular work which consists in visiting cultural and art institutions (viewing concerts, performances, exhibitions); in meetings with cultural and art figures, professional artists, dancers, musicians, professional and amateur creative teams, etc.; in holding events within the team (celebrating the birthdays of the participants, the team, meeting the New Year, dedication of newcomers to the team members, etc.).
And, of course, for any team is requiredconcert activity : concerts at the level of a cultural institution, district, city, region; tour activity; participation in competitions, festivals, championships.
Chapter II. Folk, exemplary group of folk art
Taking into account the teams that have the title of "people's" ("exemplary"), according to Chelyabinsk region The regional center of national creativity is engaged. The Center also monitors the activities of the collectives, collects materials and documents for sending to Moscow and conferring the title of Honored Collective of the Russian Federation on the collectives.
In the post-perestroika years, the problems of collectives were practically not dealt with. Only in 1998 was the department renewed, which searched for surviving groups, systematized them by genre and territory. The department was headed by Nadezhda Ivanovna Novikova, who has been in charge to this day. At the moment, the center already has a specialist in each genre of creativity, who searches for teams, monitors their activities, and nominates candidates for the title of “folk” team. At first, the department faced many problems. In particular, over the past years, many teams have been awarded the title, but documented given fact was not fixed, the diploma was not issued to the team. Therefore, there were difficulties with the search for such teams, the execution of documents for them.
At the moment, these problems have been resolved, a clear count of teams is being conducted, and the list is updated annually. As of January 1, 2008, there are 392 collectives in the Chelyabinsk region that have been awarded the title of "people's" ("exemplary"). Soviet time 161. The most long-term groups in the Chelyabinsk region are the vocal group "Kamerton" of the city of Miass, which arose in 1952 (headed by Elena Viktorovna Mikhailova), and the theater of the young spectator "Labyrinth" founded in 1956 in the Kizilsky district (headed by Tretiak German Yuryevich). Last year, the Russian song choir of the Polet recreation center of the city of Chelyabinsk celebrated its 50th anniversary under the direction of Elena Yuryevna Yegorova.
According to the statistics of the center, nowadays more teams receive the title. In 2007 alone, 75 titles were awarded. According to N. I. Novikova, this is due to the fact that in Soviet times one person in the club could do singing, dancing, and needlework. And now they gave rates, qualified specialists in each area appear, which increases the efficiency of work and the quality of the result. For the first time, the list of positions for workers of folk amateur groups was approved in 1978.
On March 25, 2008, for the first time in the practice of the Regional Center for Folk Art, groups that already have the title of "folk" were awarded the title of Honored Collective of Folk Art of the Chelyabinsk Region. This title was received by 21 teams. The right to confer the Title is given to groups engaged in amateur artistic creativity for at least 15 years from the date they were awarded the title of "People's" team, participants in international competitions and laureates of all-Russian and regional competitions (at least two in the last 5 years).
2.1. The concept of a folk, exemplary group of folk art and general provisions
Folk, exemplary group of amateur art (hereinafter referred to as the People's Collective) is a permanent voluntary association of people based on common interests, requests and needs for amateur artistic creativity in joint creative activities that contribute to the development of the talents of its members and their achievement of high artistic results, cultural service and aesthetic education population.
The performing and staging capabilities of the People's Collective, its creative and touring activities are a model for all amateur art groups.
Adult groups are awarded the title of "folk group of amateur art." Children's groups are awarded the title of "exemplary group of amateur art." Collectives of fine and arts and crafts, cinema, video and photography are awarded the title of "folk amateur studio".
The assignment and confirmation of the titles "folk group of amateur art", "exemplary group of amateur art" and "folk amateur studio" is carried out by the Ministry of Culture of a particular region. preparatory organizational and creative methodical work the assignment and confirmation of the title "People's Collective" is carried out by the regional state institution of culture, for example, the state regional Palace of Folk Art.
Assignment and confirmation of the title "People's Collective" for teams working on the basis of municipal cultural institutions is carried out at the expense of the regional budget. And the assignment and confirmation of the title of "People's Collective" for teams working on the basis of cultural institutions of other forms of ownership is carried out on a paid basis in accordance with an agreement with the state regional organization of folk art. The cost of the contract includes payment for work, travel expenses of jury members, payroll and other organizational expenses.
2.2. Conditions and procedure for conferring the title "People's Collective" procedure for confirmation and procedure for withdrawing the title
The title of "People's Collective" is awarded to creative teams that:
Work stably for at least 5 years from the moment of creation;
Possess high artistic level performance skills, are distinguished by originality and originality;
Form and replenish the repertoire with the best works of domestic and foreign art that meet the criteria of artistry;
They conduct regular rehearsal and touring and concert activities, constantly take part in cultural events of various levels and directions, actively promote their genre of art;
They are winners of regional, regional, all-Russian, international competitions, reviews, festivals, the founders of which are government bodies management, institutions, organizations;
They have a satellite team that ensures the continuity of generations of participants. For adult groups, this is a children's group where they receive creative skills, for children's groups, this is a group in which newly accepted members are trained.
The nomination of groups working in regional state institutions (organizations) of culture for the title of "People's Collective" is carried out by the heads of regional state institutions (organizations) of culture.
The nomination of collectives working on the basis of institutions (organizations) of culture of municipal and other forms of ownership for the title of "People's Collective" is carried out by the municipal bodies of culture management.
The heads of regional state institutions (organizations) of culture and municipal cultural management bodies provide the following documents to the state regional (regional) organization of folk art for a team claiming the title of "People's Collective":
A petition addressed to the chairman of the attestation commission of the Ministry of Culture of the region (region) for conferring the title of "people's, exemplary" on the collective, in which the obligation to financial support team activities;
Petition of the head of the institution (organization), on the basis of which the team works, addressed to the head of the municipal cultural management body;
Creative characteristic for the team, certified by the seal and signature of the head of the base institution (organization);
Statistical performance indicators of the team in accordance with the standards, certified by the seal and signature of the head of the base institution (organization);
Creative characteristics for full-time team leaders, certified by the seal and signature of the head of the base institution (organization);
List of team members in the form: full name, year of birth, place of work (study), how many years (months) he has been working in the team, certified by the seal and signature of the head of the base institution (organization);
The repertoire of the team for the last 3 years, certified by the seal and signature of the head of the base institution (organization);
Creative description of the satellite team, its repertoire (or training program) and the list of participants, certified by the seal and signature of the head of the base institution (organization);
A viewing program lasting at least 40 minutes, certified by the head of the team;
Copies of documents proving that the leaders of the team have taken advanced training measures over the past 5 years;
Copies of award documents of the team for the last 5 years (diplomas, diplomas of regional, regional, all-Russian, international festivals, competitions, reviews, the founders of which are government agencies(organizations, governing bodies);
Application in accordance with the attached form (Appendix 1);
DVD, CD-ROM or video cassette with a recording of the group's creative program.
On the basis of the submitted documents, the state regional organization of folk art creates a viewing commission, which includes specialists of the corresponding genre or area of activity;
Viewing is carried out in 2 stages:
Stage 1 - viewing video materials. Based on the results of stage 1, one of the following decisions is made:
recommend the team for the assignment (confirmation) of the title "People's team", view the creative program of the team to carry out with a visit to the place. Coordinate the form and timing of the viewing with the head of the municipal culture management body (the plan for the field work of the viewing commission for the coming month is formed before the 10th day of the current month);
Stage 2 - viewing the creative program of the team with a visit to the place.
Based on the results of viewing the team, a protocol of the viewing commission is drawn up, which is submitted to the attestation commission of the Ministry of Culture of the region (region) along with the documents before the 10th day of the month following the viewing.
The decision to award the title of "People's Collective" is made by the attestation commission of the Ministry of Culture of the region (region). The decision of the attestation commission is drawn up by order of the Minister of Culture of the region (region).
The team awarded the title of "People's Collective" is awarded a Certificate confirming this title.
The order of the Minister of Culture of the region (region) on conferring the title of "People's Collective" on the team, the Certificate, a copy of the protocol of the viewing commission are sent to the municipal culture management body.
The procedure for confirmation and the procedure for removing the title of "People's Collective".
Title "People's team"confirmed Once every 3 years by a stable working team. The procedure for confirming the title of "People's Collective" corresponds to the procedure for awarding the title. The order of the Minister of Culture of the region (region) on confirming the title of "People's Collective" to the team and a copy of the protocol of the viewing commission are sent to the municipal culture management body.
Title "People's team"removed in the following cases:
If the creative level of the team does not meet the requirements described above, which is confirmed by the protocol of the viewing committee;
If, within the established time limits, the municipal cultural management body did not submit documents, and (or) the team did not submit a creative program to the viewing commission for reasons recognized by the attestation commission of the Ministry of Culture of the region (region) as disrespectful.
The decision to remove the title of "People's Collective" from the collective is made by the attestation commission of the Ministry of Culture of the region (region) on the basis of the presentation of the state regional organization of folk art. The decision of the attestation commission is drawn up by order of the Minister of Culture of the region (region).
The order of the Minister of Culture of the region (region) to remove the title of "People's Collective" from the collective is sent to the municipal culture management body.
2.3. Standards for the activities of the People's Collective; Rights and obligations of the folk collective
Folk groups must prepare during the year:
Genre namecreative team
Performance indicators
Dramatic, musical and drama theaters
At least one new multi-act and one one-act performance
Puppet theaters
At least one new performance and one concert program
Opera and ballet theatres, musical comedy
At least one new performance and one concert program (at least 60 minutes long)
ABOUT orchestras of folk or wind instruments, instrumental, vocal and instrumental ensembles, choirs, vocal groups, song and dance ensembles, vocal, circus groups
Concert program in two parts, annually updating at least a quarter of the current repertoire
Choreographic groups
Concert program in two departments, annually updating at least 2 mass productions
Theaters of small forms (theaters of the reader, variety, miniatures, pantomime, etc.)
At least two new productions-programs
TO foreign, video studios
At least two new short films and assist in the creation of presentation films to cultural institutions (organizations) on the basis of which they exist
Photo studios
Fine and decorative arts studios
At least 3 new exhibitions of works and assist in the design of cultural institutions (organizations) on the basis of which they exist
The folk collective of various types and genres of artistic creativity should:
Present solo draw concerts (performances, exhibitions), including benefit concerts or performances and creative reports to the publicat least 4 during the year
Participate in group concerts, public events
at least 15 during the year
Take part inregional, regional, all-Russian, international competitions, reviews, festivals, the founders of which are government authorities, institutions, organizations
at least once a year.
Become a winner (grand prix, laureate, diplomas of 1,2,3 degrees) of a competitive event, not lower than the regional level, the founders of which are government authorities, institutions, organizations
at least 1 time in 5 years.
Classes in the Folk Collective are held systematically at least twice a week for three study hours (an hour of study is 45 minutes).
The folk collective carries out its activities in accordance with the standards.
The folk collective has the right to provide paid services: give paid performances, concerts, performances, take part in sales exhibitions, fairs, auctions, etc. In civil circulation, on behalf of the collective, the institution (organization) acts on the basis of which the People's Collective operates. The funds earned by the team can be used to develop the team and reward its employees.
Leaders and the best members of the folk team, leading a fruitful creative activity, can be presented in accordance with the established procedure for awarding all forms of encouragement accepted and operating in the industry.
When the team moves in full strength together with the head from one basic institution (organization) to another or when the name of the team changes (while maintaining its full membership and the leader), the team may retain the title of "People's team" subject to the obligatory condition of passing the procedure for reissuing the relevant documents.
The basis for re-issuing documents is the Petition of the head of the municipal cultural management body addressed to the chairman of the attestation commission of the Ministry of Culture of the region (region) to amend the documents of the team, to which is attached a list of leaders and members of the team, certified by the seal and signature of the head of the base institution (organization).
2.4. Leadership of the People's Team. States of the People's Collective. Salary of specialists
General management and control over the activities of the folk collective is carried out by the head of the base institution (organization). To ensure the activities of the People's Collective, the head of the basic institution (organization) creates the necessary conditions, approves work plans, programs, income and expenditure estimates
The direct management of the Folk collective is carried out by the head of the collective - a specialist with the necessary education or professional skills and work experience (director, conductor, choirmaster, choreographer, artist-director of the studio of fine, decorative and applied arts, etc.).
The head of the People's Collective is hired and released from it in the manner prescribed by the current legislation, bears personal responsibility for the results of the activities of the collective.
Leader of the People's Team:
conducts a recruitment of participants in the team and forms groups according to the degree of preparation;
forms the repertoire, taking into account the quality of the works, the performing and staging capabilities of the group;
directs the creative activity of the team to create artistically complete performances, performances, concert programs, works of fine, decorative and applied art, film, video and photographic works, etc.;
prepares performances of the group, ensures its active participation in festivals, reviews, competitions, concerts and mass holiday events;
carries out creative contacts with other amateur and professional groups;
maintains a Journal of accounting for the work of the team;
by the beginning of the educational and creative season, submits to the head of the base institution (organization) an annual plan of organizational and creative work, and at the end of it - an annual report on the activities of the team with an analysis of achievements and shortcomings, with proposals for improving the work of the team;
constantly improves his professional level, participates in professional development events at least once every 5 years.
In the People's Collective, working on the basis of a state, municipal institution (organization), up to 3 (three) rates of specialist positions can be supported at the expense of budgetary appropriations, the rest - at the expense of paid services of the base institution (organization) and the People's Collective. Institutions (organizations) of other forms of ownership have the right to independently determine the number of full-time specialists working in the People's Collective.
Official salaries of specialists of folk groups working in municipal institutions culture, are established in accordance with the wage system established by local governments.
Official salaries of specialists of People's Collectives operating at institutions (organizations) of other forms of ownership are established in accordance with the systems and forms of remuneration of workers adopted in this industry.
The length of working time for full-time leaders of the People's Collectives is set at 40 hours per week.
IN work time full-time creative workers of folk groups count the time spent on all types of work: preparing and holding concerts, performances, special classes, group and individual rehearsals; events for the release of performances, concert programs, organization of exhibitions, etc.; tours with the team; work on the selection of repertoire, the creation of scenario materials; research and expeditionary activities in the profile of the folk group; participation in training events (seminars, advanced training courses); economic activity for the improvement and design of the working premises; decoration performances, concerts, preparation of props, costumes, scenery sketches, recording of phonograms.
Conclusion
In the course of the work done and on the basis of the studied literature, the following conclusions can be drawn:
The collective of folk art is based on commonality creative interests. It is dominated by educational and creative activities aimed at acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities in various types of artistic creativity by students, developing their creative abilities.
The educational work of a teacher in a folk art group should include the general cultural development of students, educational and creative classes according to plans and programs, etc.
Creative and organizational work in a group of folk arts provides for the organization and conduct of systematic classes in the forms and types characteristic of this group (rehearsal, lecture, lesson, training, etc.), teaching the skills of artistic creativity, conducting creative reports on the results of their activities, attracting participants to the team on a voluntary basis in their free time from work (study)
The title of "folk", "exemplary" group of folk art can be obtained in case of fulfilling certain requirements, observing the standards of activity. The people's collective has the same rights and obligations.
IN Lately there is an increase in the need for gifted, creative teachers who not only deeply understand the pedagogical tasks of art in society, but also possess the necessary professional skills to work with groups of folk art, without which further development of the field of art education is impossible.
Thus, the role of professional higher educational institutions that train leaders of folk art groups is increasing. The effectiveness and quality of the educational process in folk art groups will depend on how university graduates are prepared to fulfill their professional and pedagogical duties in working with a creative team, what creative and pedagogical theories and methods they master in the learning process.
Bibliography
Asabin, A. M. Methodology of pedagogical management of an artistic and creative team: tutorial/ A. M. Asabin. - Chelyabinsk: ChGAKI, 2004. - 150 p.
Bogdanov, G. F. Forms of improving organizational and educational work in amateur choreographic groups / G. F. Bogdanov. – M.: VN MTsNTI KPR, 1982. – 13 p.
Ivleva, L. D. Management of the educational process in the choreographic team / L. D. Ivleva. - Chelyabinsk: ChGIK, 1989. - 74 p.
Kargin, A. S. Educational work in an amateur art group: textbook. allowance for students cultural-clearance. fak. universities of culture and arts / A. S. Kargin. - M.: Enlightenment, 1984. - 224 p.
Makarenko, A. S. Collective and personality education / A. S. Makarenko. - Chelyabinsk: South Ural book publishing house, 1988. - 264 p.
Pedagogical Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. B. M. Beam - Bad; Editorial staff: M. M. Bezrukikh, V. A. Bolotov, L. S. Glebova and others - M .: Bolshaya Russian Encyclopedia, 2003. - 528 p.: ill.
Regulations on the title "Honored Collective of Folk Art of the Chelyabinsk Region": approved by order of the Minister of Culture of the Chelyabinsk Region dated February 1, 2008 No. 23. - 2008. - February 1. – 9 s.
Regulations on the group of amateur artistic creativity of the regional state cultural and leisure institution of the Sverdlovsk region: approved by order of the Minister of Culture of the Sverdlovsk region dated October 12, 2006 No. 126. - 2006. - October 12. - 23s.
Regulations on the "folk" ("exemplary") group of amateur folk art of the Chelyabinsk region: approved by order of the Ministry of Culture of the Chelyabinsk region dated January 30, 2008 No. 19. - 2008. - 30 Jan. - 6 s.
Slastyonin, V. A. Pedagogy: a textbook for students of pedagogical educational institutions / V. A. Slastyonin, I. F. Isaev, A. I. Mishchenko, E. N. Shiyanov. - 3rd ed. - M.: School-Press, 2000. - 512 p.
Sokolovsky, Yu. E. Collective of amateur performances / Yu. E. Sokolovsky. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1979.
Khairullin, R. Bashkir Folk Dance Ensemble / R. Khairullin. - Ufa, 1966. - 33 p.
Kharlamov, I. F. Pedagogy: textbook / I. F. Kharlamov. - M.: Higher school, 1990. - 576 p.
Zuckerman, V. S. Folk art culture under socialism: textbook. allowance / V. S. Tsukerman. - Chelyabinsk, 1989. - 135 p.
Annex 1
APPLICATION
To consider the issue of __________________________________________________________
(assignment, confirmation of the title "people's", "exemplary")
1Team_______________________________________________________
Genre______________________________________________________________
Year of creation of the team _____________________________________________
Year of awarding the title of "people's", "exemplary" ______________________
Date and number of the Order ________________________________________________
Year of the last confirmation of the title ________________________________
Date and number of the Order _______________________________________________
Age type of the team __________________________________________
(adult, mixed, child)
2 Number of participants in the team: total ____________________________
3 Including: men ________________ women ________________________
boys ______________ girls ____________________________
Team address: postcode___________________________________
city ( area)______________________________________
institution ______________________________________
Street ___________________________________________
House number ______________________________________
telephones, fax ___________________________________
E-mail ___________________________________________
Information about the leaderI)team (information about all team leaders is attached):
4 Surname, name, patronymic _____________________________________________
Year and date of birth _______________________________________________
Education ( what and when graduated)___________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Work experience in the field of culture _______________________________________
(since what year)
Work experience with this team __________________________________
(since what year)
Titles, awards __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Home address: postal code ___________________________________
city ( village), area__________________________________
Street _____________________________________________
house number ____________________ apt.__________________
telephone ___________________________________________
Manager's passport: series __________________number_________________
date of issue ________________ issued by ______________________________
This section of the Internet portal of artists Artist.ru "Folklore" provides information from artists and creative teams working in the genre of Russian folklore.
Folklore is folk art, by means of which one can understand the psychology of the people in these days. As a rule, in works folklore the most important values of a person and his life are reflected: family and work, public duty and love for the motherland. Knowledge of the folklore of a particular country will give an idea of its people and history, as well as culture. By inviting a folklore ensemble to the holiday you are organizing, you will thereby culturally enrich the event.
Folklore Ensembles of Moscow
Folklore ensembles in Moscow can perform a wide variety of programs: folklore for children and musical folklore, modern folklore and wedding. Russian folklore will be indispensable in organizing entertainment show program for foreign tourists. Foreigners will appreciate both ditties, nursery rhymes and dances, as well as lyrical Russian folk songs. Russia, being largest country in the world is rich in living Russian folklore. Folklore ensembles of Moscow not only perform works of Russian folklore, but also have absorbed the centuries-old traditions of their performance. As any primordially Russian feast is not complete without singing songs, so the holiday can be enriched by the performance of the folklore ensemble of Moscow at it.
If you represent the folklore ensemble of Moscow and are looking for a job related to participation in festive events and show programs, register on the Artist.ru Internet portal, and your data will be available in the catalog of artists in the "Folklore" section. Visitors to our site will be able to easily contact you to invite you to take part in the festive event.
Types and genres of amateur folk art. Their characteristic. specific features.
The life of a modern person is multifaceted and diverse in its manifestations. How a person rests largely determines his well-being, health and, ultimately, his performance. The high rhythm of life, the flow of impressions and various information have a direct impact on the nature of recreation, the way of using free time, on the tastes and needs of people, their aesthetic needs. That is why among the important elements of leisure, an essential place is occupied by amateur art. There will always be a place for this kind of occupation in schools, secondary and higher educational institutions, enterprises, in Palaces and Houses of Culture, in rural clubs etc.
The need for communication, self-expression, the desire to participate in public life, the desire to join the art, encourages many people of different ages to participate in amateur performances. Amateur creativity is diverse, everyone can choose the kind that he likes. Some are close to mobile and energetic classes in a dance group, others are close to the calm and unhurried creation of objects of arts and crafts.
The main objective of the initiative is to develop social activity and creative potential of the individual, organizing various forms of leisure and recreation, creating conditions for full self-realization in the field of leisure.
Amateur art group - a creative association of lovers of one of the art forms, working on a voluntary basis at clubs or other cultural institutions. Collective initiative has a number of features. This is the presence of a single goal, leaders, self-government bodies, as well as a combination of public and personal aspirations and interests of members of an amateur collective.
Essential features of amateur creativity: voluntariness of participation in an amateur group, initiative and activity of participants in amateur activities, spiritual motivation of participants in amateur groups, functioning of amateur activities in the field of free time. Specific signs of amateur creativity: organization, lack of special training for activities among participants in amateur activities, a lower level of activity than professional teams, gratuitousness, etc.
It can be seen that amateur art repeats the types and genres that exist in professional art. This feature allows you to creatively borrow the methods of work and the educational process, and to a certain extent, the repertoire of professional performers and groups. The stages of approaching amateur art to professional art can be different.
If professional art can be called work, then amateur performance is gratuitous. People are attracted not by the material benefit from doing one or another type of creativity, but by participation itself, the pleasure derived from the creative process.
Self-employment on one's own initiative. It contributes to the formation of an independently creative personality. Creativity is not conceivable without amateur performance. It allows you to know yourself, develop your abilities. An amateur art group is a voluntary association of lovers (of music, choreography, theater, etc.) based on a common interest and joint creative activity that contributes to the development of the talents of its members.
Participation in amateur art groups, exercise in their free time from work, study. She happens to be active form social activities.
Amateur art is recognized to contribute to:
Expanding the horizons of the participants, the formation of moral qualities and aesthetic taste.
To promote the further development of mass artistic creativity, the wide involvement of new participants in it.
Culture serves the population.
Promote reasonable full-fledged leisure, organization of their recreation.
Today, amateur art and technical creativity have a diverse content and cover all types and genres:
Vocal activity (choral, solo singing).
Musical amateur performances (orchestras, ensembles, etc.).
Theatrical amateur performances (folk theaters).
Choreographic performance.
Fine Arts (painting, applied art).
Film amateur.
Photo amateur.
The highest form of manifestation of amateur art is the title of "folk collective" and "exemplary".
The term "collective" comes from the Latin collectives- collective. The team is a group of people united by common goals and objectives, which has reached a high level of development in the process of joint activities.
Collectives of folk art are understood as any forms of association of art lovers for the realization of a common artistic goal in leisure conditions.
Classification
- By form:
Folklore:
A) authentic- are a group of fellow villagers who are carriers of traditional, authentic folklore. Their repertoire is folklore, it is not compiled in advance, it is taken from what is left in memory. The leadership of such a team is formal. Participants gather spontaneously. The groups are of different ages, they are not typical of a concert situation. The method of transferring traditions, skills and abilities of artistic activity is ethnopedagogy.
Ethnopedagogy is the theory and methodology of education, training and development of the individual in the process of creative development of the traditions of a particular people (ethnos).
b) Secondary. Bring together interested people of different specialties. Collect folklore material, participate in expeditions. The function of such groups is to preserve and promote folklore, therefore they participate in creative shows and cultural events. The leader is usually a professional. Collectives can be both formally and informally organized. The teams are of different ages.
amateur. Characterized by voluntary activity, democracy. The goal is to realize the creative potential of the team members. The repertoire is varied, most often works of foreign and domestic classics. They are funded by membership fees. When choosing a repertoire, the wishes of the participants are taken into account. The manager can be both a professional and a non-professional, and can receive a salary.
Amateurism has been actively developing since the 18th century thanks to the reforms of Peter the Great. At this stage, new forms of mass artistic education and education appeared, based on professional art pedagogy.
Amateur. The development of this type of collectives took place in the years Soviet power. Inherently public funding; the priority principle of party spirit, manifested in the rude and incompetent interference of the party-state apparatus in the processes of artistic creation. A new, controlled art was created to replace the self-developing and self-regulating art.
During these years, a system of professional training for leaders of amateur art groups was formed. A professional, salaried leader appears. Self-activity is characterized by a clear organization of the process of education and upbringing. When recruiting to the team, the age, creative inclinations of the participants are taken into account.
The formation of amateur art pedagogy, taking into account the specifics of the activities of non-professionals in the field of art.
Pedagogy of folk art - theory and methodology of pedagogical guidance various forms non-specialized art.
Non-specialized (non-professional) artistic creation characterizes the current state of amateur art. It is characterized by ideological and artistic diversity, humanization. Collectives of non-specialized artistic creativity reflect or synthesize the types that existed before them in terms of organization, selection of repertoire, and status of leader. A combination of traditional types of artistic creativity and innovations (filling with new content, using technical means) is characteristic.
- By type of organization: informally organized and formally organized. Formally organized: there is a common goal of joint activity, division of functions. The activities are regulated by normative documents, instructions developed by higher authorities. Their work is organized and planned, evaluated by higher organizations. Professional, salaried manager.
Informal - these are independent associations of amateurs in groups and organizations. It is formed as a result of the initiative of its constituent people. An ill-defined goal. Control is based on intra-group traditions, norms of behavior and value orientations.
- By type of activity: performing (choirs, orchestras, ensembles, choreographic groups, theater studios), author's (groups and studios of fine, arts and crafts, art song clubs, amateur film and photography studios), art criticism (clubs of music lovers, theater, cinema) and mixed.
- By type of art: instrumental, dance, vocal, decorative and applied, theatrical, fine arts, etc.
- By genre, for example, dance groups: folk, classical, pop, ballroom dance, mixed, etc.
- By form of organization: circles, studios, ensembles, associations and clubs of art lovers, etc.
- By age characteristics participants: children's, youth, youth, mixed, teams of veterans.
- By time of existence.
Thus, during the existence of folk art, various types and forms of collective creativity have developed, which continue to develop in accordance with the trends of the time.
Folk art groups. Folk art is the oldest layer artistic culture. It currently exists in various forms.
Firstly, this is actually folk art in its true, natural form - the art of singers, instrumentalists, storytellers, folk masters of carpet weaving, ceramics, chasing, carving, etc.
Secondly, this professional forms folk art organizations, such as workshops and art-industrial complexes based on ancient art crafts, the Northern Russian Folk Choir and other performing ensembles and groups that develop national and local artistic traditions. Each of these professional organizations, to varying degrees, is connected with a truly popular basis: in some cases, one can see careful adherence to the traditions of the past, in others - free processing of folk motifs.
A form of folk art is also amateur performances oriented towards artistic folk culture. In different republics and regions, amateur performances played an unequal role in the preservation and development of folk forms art. So, in the Caucasus, in Central Asia self-activity, inherited national traditions, is highly developed and close to its fundamental principle. In some regions of Central Russia, attention to folk art was weakened. The tendency to master the urban culture here often led to the fact that even in rural amateur performances the forms of development of professional art were copied ( academic choir, theater, etc.). The self-activity of the "people's plan" often turned out to be eclectic.
At the same time, there are many regions in the country where amateur performances have played exclusively important role in the development of national culture. It turned out to be a means of organizing, consolidating the elements of folk art, the basis on which the corresponding professional forms matured. So, for example, many small peoples of the North, the Amur region, on the basis of cultural enlightenment institutions, developed national forms artistic activity. Both amateur and professional national ensembles arose here.
amateur performance folk character is a multifaceted phenomenon. Sometimes folklore itself sounds on the club scene. This happens when a folk singer, storyteller, a group of women who still remember folk songs are offered to perform in front of the public. Attracting public attention to the work of folk craftsmen is an important task for clubs, especially in areas where young people are one-sidedly oriented towards urban culture and without due respect for local artistic traditions.
However, the simple transfer of folklore to the stage does not yet solve the problem. Often, folklore numbers in concert performance are not perceived by the public. In order for the folklore material to be understood by the audience, and the performers to feel as natural as possible, it is necessary to carry out some work, both with the audience and with the circle members. Folklore should be dedicated theme nights, which can be built as a live conversation between the presenter (naturally, an expert on local artistic culture) with the performers. It is even better if gatherings, weddings, festivities are recreated at a meeting with the audience. Here, of course, you need a director who knows the appropriate ritual well. It doesn't have to be a professional. Directing can be entrusted to a recognized craftsman: among folklore performers there are always their "ringleaders", their own authorities.
Another type of amateur performance focused on folk art is amateur performance, which sets itself the task of recreating folklore works. The members of such collectives are not originally masters or experts in folk art, but they want to master it. Ethnographic research, expeditions, meetings with folklore connoisseurs in their natural surroundings turn out to be a necessary element of work and study.
Another type of amateur performance is groups that do not set themselves the task of accurately reproducing folklore, take it as a basis, as a motive and subject it to significant processing, modernizing, and adapting it to life on the stage. These are folk dance ensembles, where dances are staged by club choreographers based on elements of folk choreography, and folk instrument orchestras performing arrangements of folk melodies, and vocal pop groups, under the influence of professional vocal and instrumental ensembles of folk style.
The effectiveness of this amateur activity significantly depends on the special culture of the leader. Productions and arrangements of such a plan can deviate far from the originals and primary sources. There can be no prohibitions or any restrictions. However, one should distinguish between creative and competent development of folk motifs from eclecticism, and in addition, one should not feed on the minds of the public and participants and identify this direction in amateur performances with genuine folklore.
Thus, artistic folk art is a huge and extremely important area of the club's work, requiring a truly creative approach. artistic guidance folk group cannot be carried out on the basis of strictly prescribed technology. But as a general method of management, one should use the general pedagogical theory of the team, the socio-psychological theory of managing group activities.
