Great Britain's contribution to world culture. How do they think others treat them?

The period of the late 19th and early 20th centuries went down in history as the “Victorian era” - the time of the reign of Queen Victoria. Unlike other European countries, for Great Britain it was a relatively peaceful and stable period, during which traditional (conservative) values ​​triumphed and culture developed rapidly.

a) Painting.

Academic painting. The main direction: 1) The plots are divorced from real life(antique, biblical, mythical), 2) Ceremonial portraits. Realism, impressionism. Like realism, impressionism went even further in the area of ​​departure from form, the form is rough, the main thing is the content. Walter Sickert "Old Bedford" - impressionist, genre scenes. Augustus John "Beggars" is a master of vividly characteristic realistic portraiture and everyday genre. Frank Brangwyn "Building a Ship" "Sawmillers" - in expressive large paintings the severity of labor, the harsh appearance of industrial cities. Anti-war lithographs and posters.

b) Music.

By 19 – beginning 20th centuries - revival of English national music. S. Sharp Theorist and musical critic. Published collections folk songs. Edward Elgar - composer and conductor. Leader of the movement for the revival of English folk and ancient traditions professional music. The first English composer whose works were played abroad. R. Vaughan-Williams - played a huge role in the revival of English national music in various genres.

to the theatre.

Until sep. 80s XIX century Domination classical theater. Then comes the development of realism. They stage plays by Henrik Ibsen (mild criticism of bourgeois society) B. Shaw - satire, exposing the pursuit of profit. 1899 - The Tatra Society was established, it was considered a club and did not depend on censorship. They staged plays by Shaw, Gorky, Chekhov and others.

8. Culture of 20th century England

Widespread changes in UK culture occurred after 1945. The most notable examples of these changes can be seen in the transformation of Liverpool, and then London, into centers of global popular culture in the 1960s. The Beatles were only the earliest and most famous of the British rock groups to take the world by storm. British clothing designers became famous for their avant-garde style, and the colorful clothes from their shops on Carnaby Street and King's Road became known far beyond London.

In addition to these changes, as well as a less significant revival in other areas of culture after the end of the Second World War, significant changes occurred in society itself. The most noticeable change was the increase in the level of education. The number of students continuing their education after leaving school increased significantly in the second half of the 1940s. At the same time, the number of universities, colleges and other training organizations has increased significantly.

At this time, the government began to pay more attention to the development and support of art in the country. The Special Arts Council, formed in 1946, supports various areas of the arts, which in turn has led to an expansion of the largely commercial cultural market. As in many developed countries, the clash of tastes and values ​​between elders and younger generation, at times it was very cruel, especially in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century.

After the formation of the United Kingdom, the flow of emigrants from developing countries brought with it a diversity of cultures and religions from developing countries. The interaction of these cultures and general culture Great Britain largely defines today's United Kingdom.

Conclusion

Having studied the culture of Great Britain, we can conclude that this country is the largest historical and administrative part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

England became a union of once-warring counties in 927 and takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled there in the 5th and 6th centuries. The capital of England is London, the most Big city in the UK and European Union.
England is the origin of the English language and the Church of England, and English law forms the basis of the legal systems of many countries; in addition, London was the center of the British Empire, and the country was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. England was the first industrialized country in the world, as well as a parliamentary democracy whose constitutional, governmental and legal innovations were adopted by other nations and countries.

Used Books:

1. Mason, Chris England "most crowded in Europe" (English). BBC News (2008-09-16).

2. http://pochemuha.ru/angliya-v-v-%E2%80%93-ix-vekax

3. http://methodiks.ucoz.ru/index/kultura_anglii_11_13_vekov/0-118

4. Shtokmar V.V. “History of England”

5. http://do.gendocs.ru/docs/index-133502.html

It is no secret that every nation has its own traditions and customs. There are no two identical cultures in the world. Except real facts, there are also erroneous stereotypes about this or that country, which are sometimes quite funny or even absurd. Because English language- our everything, then let's learn more about the culture, traditions and myths of England.

The British are a unique people, with a historically established character. English traditions and the customs are known throughout the world. The British do not show off their emotions to the first person they meet. They can come across as reserved and even a little off-putting. However, this is just a wrapper. The British are very polite, which is why they are in no hurry to express their emotions right away.

Often, even if they don't agree with you, they will say politely, "Oh, I'm afraid it's impossible." An Englishman will never say a sharp “No, you"re wrong". In any case, they try to maintain politeness and common sense. You should always think logically if you are dealing with a person from this country. For example, if he knows that you are not are 100% honest with him in business, he will not immediately throw out negativity on you. In this case, an Englishman with a polite smile can break off the partnership with you. The British always control themselves and behave with dignity. English traditions represent an ideal upbringing and manners.

The British are very disciplined and always follow accepted rules. They are very positive people. Family - cultural value in the UK, they really enjoy spending time at home with their family. Evening with family - best entertainment for an Englishman. In a traditional English home there are always plenty of family photographs.

Gardening in English culture

This is an integral part of the life of a true Briton. They put a lot of soul and energy into favorite hobby, that is why the areas near their houses are always well-groomed and pleasing to the eye. The British provide special care not only to the garden, but also to their pets. The British are proud of the way they take care of our little brothers and are not shy about pampering them with fashionable clothes or haircuts.

English country house

The British especially love weekends, which they prefer to spend in a cozy country house by the fireplace. UK weekend traditions - Fresh air, barbecue, what else do you need for happiness? A picnic is something that we traditionally associate with the British. They prepare for a picnic with trepidation, packing everything practical and beautiful. Picnics are most often organized simply in city parks, not far from home. Students from the famous universities of Cambridge and Oxford also enjoy having a picnic during breaks between classes.

Saturday of the English

This Englishman's day looks the same as the Saturday of the average representative of any country. Household chores, the gym, meeting with family are a must have for the British. However, the British are not as boring as they might seem at first glance. In the evenings they are avid partygoers. Parties, dancing, theater and cinema are the favorite pastimes of young people in England.

Food traditions in England

As for food, the traditions of England, like representatives of any other countries, have their own habits, signature dishes and characteristics. Main reception The English have breakfast. Often this is bacon, scrambled eggs, toast and a cup of tea or coffee. The British are not fans of variety in food, so they can easily eat the same thing for breakfast every day. Tea is something that really stands out in the English food culture. English traditions include a lot of tea. By the way, it is believed that the British invented tea with milk to change the taste characteristics of tea. In part, this is true, but, mainly, milk began to be added to tea so that the drink was cooled and the porcelain did not crack. 5 o'clock tea - worldwide famous expression, which came to us originally from England. Usually, it is drunk between 16:00 and 18:00 with small sandwiches as a snack. For the British, tea is not just a drink, it is a whole ritual. English culture cannot be imagined without tea. Perhaps, in terms of tea drinking, the British should have even competed with the Chinese.

Lunch is a daytime meal. Most often, vegetables and something meat or fish are served for lunch. A traditional British dessert that is recognized by British culture is apple pie or milk pudding, served hot. When the family gathers at the Sunday table, signature dishes are used: lamb tenderloin, vegetables, pudding.

Dinner is called "supper". In its ingredients it is very similar to lunch. Light snacks, nothing too heavy or unhealthy. Fish and chips are a traditional snack that can often be bought during football matches.

There are many false and true stereotypes about the British.

True stereotypes about the British

• Unbridled love for tea.
• They love to talk about the weather and are ready to fill any awkward pause in the dialogue with a conversation about the weather..
• The British have pale skin. This is also justified by the climatic conditions of the country.
• Politeness for an Englishman — first of all.
• The British are not fans of culinary delicacies; they prefer simple food.

False stereotypes about the British

• Every Englishman has a cozy house for the whole family. This is a myth, because many of them rent apartments, share them with neighbors, and move from place to place.
• In the UK there are reds everywhere telephone booths and men in bowler hats walk along the streets. This is also a myth. Of course, these are symbols of Great Britain, but there are not so many booths, and men in bowler hats most often go out on holidays.
• All the English are very smart, because they have Cambridge and Oxford. No no and one more time no. Unfortunately, not all Englishmen devote themselves to science, and not all of them study at Cambridge or Oxford.

Conclusion

Having become familiar with all the stereotypes, I remember the good phrase “Don’t judge a book by it’s cover.” There is no need to judge people by their cover, all nations are unique, and all people are unique. The culture of the British is also significantly different from other countries. The customs and traditions of the British are unique and unrepeatable. There are always exceptions to the rules and stereotypes.

Learn more about the culture of other countries, adopt them interesting traditions and grow, we hope traditional customs Great Britain will inspire you to conquer new heights. Have a great day!

Big and friendly EnglishDom family

The British are a nation of interesting and unusual people, self-sufficient and unlike anyone else. The British seem strange to many, and there is some truth in this: the stiffness and traditions of their homeland make themselves felt every now and then. And yet, the uniqueness and peculiar attractiveness of the residents Foggy Albion constantly make us think - “Who are the British, and what is the true British culture?”

If you are going to study or work in England, it will be useful for you to learn about some of the peculiarities of the local people...

You don't meet me by your clothes

Your hand, sir

The Japanese feel quite comfortable in the UK, but the French and Portuguese - not so much. Why? It's simple: the British value their personal space above all else. While in France it is customary to kiss when meeting, for the British a handshake is the only acceptable form of greeting. Everything else is possible only between close people. In this regard, the British sometimes seem too cold and even too prim.

There are taboo topics in conversations, these include the age of the interlocutors, their income, sex life and religion. For example, it is not customary here to simply ask a fellow student about what his father and mother do and whether they earn good money.

Weather - perfect theme, which will always come to the rescue if you don’t know where to start a dialogue. Your sincere admiration for the local natural beauties will also not leave any true Englishman indifferent.

If you still don't know how to communicate with the British, watch the acclaimed series Downton Abbey and you will understand a lot more about the intricacies of relationships between people in the UK, many of which have not changed over time.

Man and woman

Feminist movements have done their job. There is no gender discrimination in the UK. The differences here rather depend on status and age. This has its pros and cons. On the one hand, the best applicant, and not a man, will be chosen for a certain position, on the other hand, a woman will have to work in the same way as a man, without any concessions.

Time is money

The British can't stand unpunctual people. As you know, precision is the courtesy of kings. Try not to forget about this. You can’t be late here for dinner, much less for business meeting. Again, many foreigners, such as the French and Italians, find this difficult to get used to. But the Germans like this order.

As for lunch, such punctuality is not accidental. It can be cold in the UK, so before serving food, plates are sometimes warmed up, and the food itself is prepared exactly at a certain hour. If you are late, you will have to heat everything, which is not tasty and entails additional costs.

Oh, sport, you are the world!

Football is loved all over the world, and Great Britain is rightfully considered the birthplace of this sport. After all, it was in Oxford and Cambridge that unified rules and regulations of the game were first written down. Everyone knows that Britain has the most ardent fans; during matches the whole country (without exaggeration!) waits for the outcome of the game.

Generally popular here active image life. Sports are practiced in special halls and parks, and each university, traditionally, has its own teams. By the way, if you want to improve your personal characteristics, be sure to enroll in one of the university sections.

The whole world is a theater

People in Shakespeare's homeland cannot help but love the theater. Every city, even the smallest one in Great Britain, has its own theater. At universities, the story is the same as with sports - participation in student productions is strongly encouraged. By the way, many famous actors and the directors studied at British universities to become philologists and lawyers, but, being carried away by student theater, they decided to change their profession and chose a creative path.

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Books

• History, literature and culture of Great Britain, Kovalevskaya Tatyana Vyacheslavovna, Vagizova Fairuza Asgatovna, Semenyuk Evgenia Vyacheslavovna. The textbook covers the history, literature and art of Great Britain from prehistory to modern times. For the first time, three aspects traditionally studied...

The cultural heritage of the British Empire is truly unique. It is mainly determined by the culture of England, with the addition of local cultural traditions Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, as well as, to a lesser extent, the cultures of dozens of countries that were once colonies of the British Empire. Widespread changes in British culture occurred after 1945. Contemporary music Great Britain - a symbiosis of established musical styles and the influence of television and radio. The entertainment direction in music is largely borrowed from the USA (jazz direction). The work of most composers in modern England is influenced by various avant-garde movements. In the mass understanding, rock and pop directions. The most notable examples of these changes can be seen in the transformation of Liverpool, and then London, into centers of global popular culture in the 1960s. The Beatles were only the earliest and most famous of the British rock groups to take the world by storm.

Contemporary literature in Great Britain in recent decades has been associated with "angry young men", the so-called movement modern writers-realists. Among contemporary writers in Great Britain, the most prominent representative of this trend is the playwright J. Osborne.

British clothing designers became famous for their avant-garde style, and the colorful clothes from their shops on Carnaby Street and King's Road became known far beyond London. In addition to these changes, as well as a less significant revival in other areas of culture after the end of the Second World War, significant changes occurred in society itself. The most noticeable change was the increase in the level of education. The government began to pay more attention to the development and support of art in the country. The Special Arts Council, formed in 1946, supports various areas of the arts, which in turn has led to an expansion of the largely commercial cultural market. As in many developed countries, the clash of tastes and values ​​between the older and younger generations was at times very violent, especially in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century. The influx of emigrants from developing countries into the UK after the formation of the United Kingdom brought with them a diversity of cultures and religions from developing countries. The interaction of these cultures and the general culture of Great Britain largely defines today's United Kingdom, where freedom of religion is a priority. In recent decades, education in the UK has become one of the highest priorities in government policy, regardless of what political forces are in power. Decision-making that determines the prospects for the development of the industry is carried out directly high level V hierarchical structure management of parliament, government. The Royal Inspectorate exercises general supervision, which applies to all types of education except university education, although in Lately Government circles are increasingly coming forward with proposals for inspectors to work in universities. Direct control over activities educational institutions school and further education carried out local authorities education. A peculiarity of the education system in England is the predominance of the public sector. The process of “nationalization” of the education system began much later than in other countries Western Europe. In recent decades, the influence of the state on the development of education has increased even more, which is associated with the need for its financing. Currently, the government pays 80% of universities' operating expenses and 90% of their capital expenses. Private investments do not exceed 4% of total education expenditures.

Thus, the culture of Great Britain combines the traditions of all the colonies of the British Empire, this is reflected in all areas of art and culture. Particular attention is paid to education, where control by the public sector predominates. The flow of emigrants brought with them a diversity of cultures and religions from developing countries. The interaction of which largely determines today's United Kingdom, where freedom of religion is a priority.

The post-war period in England was characterized by the struggle of two parties, Labor and Conservative. The main goal of the development of politics at that time was the creation of a free, democratic state. This period is characterized by constant changes in political power. Thus, for both parties the entire 20th century. stood the main problem- how to overcome the lag in the pace of economic development from other capitalist competitors.

UK on modern stage represents a country whose development of international relations is regulated by the Single European Act. The UK is a member of the Security Council and is also a member of regional organizations - the OSCE, the Council of Europe, NATO and the European Union. The political leader is the Conservative Party led by David Cameron. The Labor Party is in opposition.

The culture of Great Britain combines the traditions of all the colonies of the British Empire. Particular attention is paid to education, a feature of which in England is the predominance of the public sector. The flow of emigrants brought with them a diversity of cultures and religions from developing countries. The interaction of these cultures largely shapes today's United Kingdom, where religious freedom is a priority.