I. Checking homework

Lesson topic: Preparation for the final essay based on the story by I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco" (direction "Aims and means").

During the classes

I. INTRODUCTION TO THE LESSON

1. Conversation with students, based on the parable "Taste of the air"

Tell me, can you taste the air?

Are taste and smell the same thing?

Let's lament the parable, which is called "The Taste of the Air."

What is the moral of this parable? What lesson did the Master teach his student? What is it calling for?

What should be the basis of life? What goals should a person set for himself?

Which life values should be a priority in life so that a person does not regret the lost years, so that he can truly enjoy life?

2. Compilation of the mind map "Life Values"

Can we say that a person does not need material values, that he should strive only for spiritual ones? Justify your answer?

II. "DIPPING INTO THE TISSUE" STORY BY I.A.BUNIN

What values ​​are central to the life of a gentleman from San Francisco? Prove it with text.

Is it bad or good? Can we give a definite answer?

What did the gentleman from San Francisco buy for long years labor?

What did he lose by acquiring wealth?

Does this mean that if a person sets himself the wrong goal, then he loses the "taste of life"?

The hero is 58 years old. Did he really live?

Does he understand that he sacrificed his life for material goods?

Why does Bunin take only a few sentences to describe the life of a gentleman from San Francisco? Read them.

What are the means by which he achieves wealth?

What does money give him?

Find in the story a description of this power over people.

Having power over people, does the hero become happy?

Is it possible to immediately, at will, as if by the wave of a magic wand, become happy, learn to enjoy simple little things, experience a variety of sensations and feel the life boiling around?

Does he really enjoy and relax during the holidays? Justify your answer.

What does the gentleman from San Francisco not have, despite being rich?

What leads to the deceitfulness of goals?

Let's put it all in the form of a diagram.

LIFE

FACILITIES

TARGET

wealth

deceitfulness of purpose

work of thousands of Chinese

power over people

victim

yellow body

DEATH

spiritual

physical

What conclusion does the writer lead us to?

1. We must hurry to live, not postponing life for later!

2. Deceitfulness of goals leads to spiritual and physical death

Is the story of I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco" modern? Justify your answer.

III. WORK ON THE THEME OF THE ESSAY

1. Topic selection

1. How does the goal set by a person in front of him affect his fate?

2. What is more important for a person - spiritual or material goals?

3. Do you agree with V. Hugo's statement: “Our life is a journey, an idea is a guide. There is no guide and everything has stopped. The goal is lost, and the strength is as if it had not happened”?

2. Work on the composition of the essay

1. Introduction. Reference to an authoritative opinion on an issue close to the problem under discussion (for example, the words of Academician D.S. Likhachev: “ Only a vital goal allows a person to live his life with dignity and get real joy.».)

2. The main part. The answer to the question posed in the topic of the essay:

1) argument 1 + illustration (story by I.A. Bunin “The Gentleman from San Francisco”);

2) argument 2 + illustration (goals of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrey Bolkonsky, heroes of L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" // goals of Alexei Meresyev, hero of B. Polevoy's "Tale of a Real Man", etc.)

3. Conclusion. Appeal, appeal to the reader//reasoning about the relevance of the topic.

IV. HOMEWORK.

Write an essay on one of the suggested topics.

LIFE GOALS OF LITERARY HEROES

Parable about the purpose in life

The teacher stopped, looked at the river and said to his disciples:

Take a close look at this river - it is like our life, flowing either rapidly or slowly. At any moment it can change and will never return to its former face.

The students looked at the river intently. Then the sage asked them a question:

What path would you choose to reach your intended goal?

The younger student replied:

I would not be afraid of the current and swim towards it in order to reach the goal.

You are brave, - said the Mentor, - but there is a big risk that you will drown without reaching the goal.

The average student replied:

I would choose a path, going with the flow, like a twig that confidently floats on a river, and gaining experience along the way.

A good answer, but only if the current goes in the direction of your goal, and if not, then you are threatened, like this branch, to cling to the shore of an unfamiliar place and rot, - said the Mentor.

The senior student thought and answered:

I would swim to my goal, changing tactics, then going with the flow, then against it. If I got tired, I stopped for a halt, and then, gaining strength, moved on to my goal.

You thought well about the mistakes of your friends, but still your answer was not wise enough.

Then the Master turned around and walked slowly home. The disciples, puzzled, stood for a while by the river and followed the sage. When they caught up with him, they immediately asked:

Mentor, which path would you choose along the River of Life?

He stopped, looked at his students, smiled and replied:

I wouldn't even go swimming.

Has your goal already been achieved, - the students were surprised.

No, - answered the Mentor, - but not always, in order to reach the goal, you need to swim. In order to achieve the goal, you must first go ...

Great Russian writer, laureate Nobel Prize, poet, publicist, literary critic and prose translator. It is these words that reflect the activities, achievements and creativity of Bunin. The whole life of this writer was multifaceted and interesting, he always chose his own path and did not listen to those who tried to "rebuild" his views on life, he was not a member of any literary society, and even more so political party. It can be attributed to those personalities who were unique in their work.

earliest childhood

October 10 (according to the old style), 1870, was born in the city of Voronezh a little boy Ivan and whose work in the future will leave a bright mark in Russian and world literature.

Despite the fact that Ivan Bunin came from an ancient noble family, his childhood did not pass at all in big city, but in one of the family estates (it was a small farm). Parents could afford to hire a home teacher. About the time when Bunin grew up and studied at home, the writer recalled more than once during his life. He spoke only positively about this "golden" period of his life. With gratitude and respect, he remembered this student of Moscow University, who, according to the writer, awakened in him a passion for literature, because, despite such a young age, which little Ivan read, there were Odyssey and English Poets. Even Bunin himself later said that this was the very first impetus to poetry and, in general, writing activity. Ivan Bunin showed artistry early enough. The poet's creativity found expression in his talent as a reader. He excellently read his own works and interested the most dull listeners.

Studying at the gymnasium

When Vanya was ten years old, his parents decided that he had reached the age when it was already possible to send him to the gymnasium. So Ivan began to study at the Yelets gymnasium. During this period, he lived away from his parents, with his relatives in Yelets. Entering the gymnasium and studying itself became a kind of turning point for him, because the boy, who had lived with his parents all his life before and had practically no restrictions, was really difficult to get used to the new city life. New rules, strictness and prohibitions entered his life. Later he lived in rented apartments, but also did not feel comfortable in these houses. Studying at the gymnasium did not last long, because after 4 years he was expelled. The reason was non-payment of tuition and failure to appear from the holidays.

External path

After everything experienced, Ivan Bunin settles in the estate of his deceased grandmother in the lakes. Guided by the instructions of his older brother Julius, he quickly passes the course of the gymnasium. Some subjects he taught more diligently. And he even took a university course. Julius, the elder brother of Ivan Bunin, has always been distinguished by his education. That's why he helped younger brother learning. Julia and Ivan had a fairly trusting relationship. For this reason, it was he who became the first reader, as well as a critic of the early creativity Ivan Bunin.

First lines

According to the writer himself, his future talent was formed under the influence of the stories of relatives and friends that he heard in the place where he spent his childhood. It was there that he learned the first subtleties and features mother tongue, listened to stories and songs that in the future helped the writer to find unique comparisons in his works. All this the best way influenced Bunin's talent.

He began writing poetry at a very early age. Bunin's work was born, one might say, when the future writer was only seven years old. When all the other children were just learning to read, little Ivan had already begun to write poetry. He really wanted to achieve success, mentally compared himself with Pushkin, Lermontov. I read with enthusiasm the works of Maikov, Tolstoy, Fet.

At the very beginning of professional creativity

Ivan Bunin first appeared in print, also at a fairly young age, namely at the age of 16. The life and work of Bunin in general have always been closely intertwined. Well, it all started, of course, small, when two of his poems were published: "Over the grave of S. Ya. Nadson" and "The village beggar." During the year, ten of his best poems and the first stories "Two Wanderers" and "Nefyodka" were published. These events became the beginning of the literary and writing activities of the great poet and prose writer. First identified main topic his writings - man. In Bunin's work, the theme of psychology, the mysteries of the soul, will remain key to the last line.

In 1889, young Bunin, under the influence of the revolutionary-democratic movement of the intelligentsia - populists, moved to his brother in Kharkov. But soon he becomes disillusioned with this movement and quickly moves away from it. Instead of cooperating with the populists, he leaves for the city of Orel and there begins his work in " Orlovsky Bulletin". In 1891 the first collection of his poems was published.

First love

Despite the fact that throughout his life the themes of Bunin's work were diverse, almost the entire first collection of poems is saturated with the experiences of young Ivan. It was at this time that the writer had his first love. He lived in a civil marriage with Varvara Pashchenko, who became the author's muse. So for the first time love manifested itself in the work of Bunin. Young often quarreled, did not find common language. Everything that happened in their life together, each time made him disappointed and wondered, is love worth such experiences? Sometimes it seemed that someone from above simply did not want them to be together. First, it was Varvara's father's ban on the wedding of young people, then, when they nevertheless decided to live in a civil marriage, Ivan Bunin unexpectedly finds a lot of minuses in their life together, and then he is completely disappointed in her. Later, Bunin concludes for himself that he and Varvara do not suit each other in character, and soon the young people simply part. Almost immediately, Varvara Pashchenko marries Bunin's friend. This brought many experiences to the young writer. He is disappointed in life and love completely.

Productive work

At this time, Bunin's life and work are no longer so similar. The writer decides to give up personal happiness, all given to work. During this period, it becomes brighter tragic love in the work of Bunin.

Almost at the same time, fleeing loneliness, he moved to his brother Julius in Poltava. On literary field rise takes place. His stories are published in leading magazines, in writing he is gaining popularity. The themes of Bunin's work are mainly devoted to man, the secrets of the Slavic soul, the majestic Russian nature and selfless love.

After Bunin visited St. Petersburg and Moscow in 1895, he gradually began to enter into a large literary environment, in which he very organically fit. Here he met Bryusov, Sologub, Kuprin, Chekhov, Balmont, Grigorovich.

Later, Ivan begins to correspond with Chekhov. It was Anton Pavlovich who predicted to Bunin that he would become a "great writer." Later, carried away by moral sermons, he makes his idol out of him and even tries to live according to his advice for a certain time. Bunin asked for an audience with Tolstoy and was honored to meet the great writer in person.

A new step on the creative path

In 1896, Bunin tries himself as a translator works of art. In the same year, his translation of Longfellow's The Song of Hiawatha was published. In this translation, Bunin's work was seen by everyone from the other side. His contemporaries recognized his talent at its true worth and highly appreciated the work of the writer. Ivan Bunin received the Pushkin Prize of the first degree for this translation, which gave the writer, and now also the translator, a reason to be even more proud of his achievements. To receive such high praise, Bunin literally did a titanic work. After all, the translation of such works itself requires perseverance and talent, and for this the writer also had to learn it on his own English language. As the result of the translation showed, he succeeded.

Second attempt at marriage

Remaining free for so long, Bunin decided to marry again. This time, his choice fell on a Greek woman, the daughter of a wealthy emigrant A. N. Tsakni. But this marriage, like the last one, did not bring joy to the writer. In a year family life his wife left him. In marriage, they had a son. Little Kolya died very young, at the age of 5, from meningitis. Ivan Bunin was very worried about the loss of his only child. The further life of the writer developed in such a way that he had no more children.

mature years

The first book of short stories entitled "To the End of the World" was published in 1897. Almost all critics rated its content very positively. A year later, another poetry collection “Under open sky". It was these works that brought the writer popularity in Russian literature that time. Bunin's work was briefly, but at the same time capacious, presented to the public, which highly appreciated and accepted the author's talent.

But Bunin’s prose really gained great popularity in 1900, when the story “ Antonov apples". This work was created on the basis of the writer's memories of his rural childhood. For the first time, nature is vividly depicted in Bunin's work. It was the carefree time of childhood that awakened in him the best feelings and memories. The reader plunges headlong into that beautiful early autumn that beckons the prose writer, just at the time of picking Antonov apples. For Bunin, according to him, these were the most precious and unforgettable memories. It was joy, real life and carelessness. And the disappearance of the unique smell of apples is, as it were, the extinction of everything that brought the writer a lot of pleasure.

Reproaches of noble origin

Many ambiguously regarded the meaning of the allegory “the smell of apples” in the work “Antonov apples”, since this symbol was very closely intertwined with the symbol of the nobility, which, due to Bunin’s origin, was not at all alien to him. These facts caused many of his contemporaries, such as M. Gorky, to criticize Bunin's work, saying that Antonov apples smell good, but they do not smell democratic at all. However, the same Gorky noted the elegance of literature in the work and Bunin's talent.

Interestingly, for Bunin, reproaches for his noble origin meant nothing. He was alien to swagger or arrogance. Many at that time were looking for subtexts in Bunin's works, wanting to prove that the writer regretted the disappearance of serfdom and the leveling of the nobility as such. But Bunin pursued a completely different idea in his work. He was not sorry for the change of the system, but it was a pity that all life passes, and that we all once loved with full heart, but this is also a thing of the past ... He was sad that he no longer enjoys his beauty .

Wanderings of the writer

Ivan Bunin was in his soul all his life. Probably, this was the reason that he did not stay anywhere for a long time, he liked to travel to different cities, where he often drew ideas for his works.

Starting in October, he traveled with Kurovsky around Europe. Visited Germany, Switzerland, France. Literally 3 years later, with another friend of his - the playwright Naydenov - he was again in France, visited Italy. In 1904, having become interested in the nature of the Caucasus, he decides to go there. The journey was not in vain. This trip, many years later, inspired Bunin to a whole cycle of stories "The Shadow of a Bird" that are connected with the Caucasus. The world saw these stories in 1907-1911, and much later the story of 1925 “Many Waters” appeared, also inspired by the wondrous nature of this region.

At this time, nature is most clearly reflected in Bunin's work. It was another facet of the writer's talent - travel essays.

"Find your love, keep it..."

Life brought Ivan Bunin together with many people. Some passed and passed away, others stayed for a long time. An example of this was Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva. Bunin met her in November 1906, at a friend's house. Smart and educated in many areas, the woman really was his best friend, and even after the writer's death she prepared his manuscripts for publication. She wrote the book "The Life of Bunin", in which she placed the most important and Interesting Facts from the writer's life. He told her more than once: “Without you, I would not have written anything. I'd be gone!"

Here love and creativity in Bunin's life find each other again. Probably, it was at that moment that Bunin realized that he had found the one he had been looking for for many years. He found in this woman his beloved, a person who will always support him in Hard time, a comrade who will not betray. Since Muromtseva became his life partner, a writer with new force wanted to create and compose something new, interesting, crazy, it gave him vitality. It was at that moment that the traveler wakes up in him again, and since 1907 Bunin has traveled half of Asia and Africa.

World recognition

In the period from 1907 to 1912, Bunin did not stop creating. And in 1909 he was awarded the second Pushkin Prize for his Poems 1903-1906. Here we recall the person in Bunin's work and the essence of human actions, which the writer tried to understand. Many translations were also noted, which he did no less brilliantly than he composed new works.

On November 9, 1933, an event occurred that became the pinnacle of the writer's writing activity. He received a letter informing him that Bunin was being awarded the Nobel Prize. Ivan Bunin is the first Russian writer to receive this high award and prize. His creativity reached its peak - he received world fame. Since then, he began to be recognized as the best of the best in his field. But Bunin did not stop his activities and, as indeed famous writer, worked with redoubled energy.

The theme of nature in Bunin's work continues to occupy one of the main places. The writer writes a lot about love. This was an occasion for critics to compare the work of Kuprin and Bunin. Indeed, there are many similarities in their works. They are written in a simple and sincere language, full of lyrics, ease and naturalness. The characters of the heroes are spelled out very subtly (from a psychological point of view.) Here, to the best of sensuality, there is a lot of humanity and naturalness.

Comparison of the work of Kuprin and Bunin gives reason to single out such common features their works, as the tragedy of the fate of the protagonist, the assertion that for any happiness there will be retribution, the exaltation of love over all other human feelings. Both writers claim in their work that the meaning of life is in love, and that a person endowed with the talent to love is worthy of worship.

Conclusion

The life of the great writer was interrupted on November 8, 1953 in Paris, where he and his wife emigrated after starting in the USSR. He is buried in the Russian cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

It is simply impossible to briefly describe Bunin's work. He created a lot in his life, and each of his works is worthy of attention.

It is difficult to overestimate his contribution not only to Russian literature, but also to world literature. His works are popular in our time both among young people and among the older generation. This is really the kind of literature that has no age and is always relevant and touching. And now Ivan Bunin is popular. The biography and work of the writer cause many interest and sincere reverence.

Lesson 2 THE LIFE AND WORK OF IVAN ALEKSEEVICH BUNIN (1870–1953)

Lesson 2
Life and art
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870–1953)

Goals : to acquaint with the main stages of Bunin's life, to find out the features of his work, to note how the writer's worldview was reflected in the works.

During the classes

All his life, destiny, biography belongs to Ivan Alekseevich Bunin of Russia, great Russian literature.

Mikhail Roshchin

He - loving son Russian Noah, and does not laugh at his father's nakedness, and is not indifferent to it ... He is connected with Russia by a fatal connection.

Julius Aikhenval

I. Verification homework.

Blitz poll (see previous lesson).

II. introduction teachers.

What do you know about the Nobel Prize? Who becomes its winner?

We are starting to study the work of I. A. Bunin, the first among the writers of great Russian literature, who was awarded the most famous prize in the world - the Nobel Prize.

He lived a long life and worked in literature for seven decades. Bunin's work was highly appreciated by his contemporaries and continues to excite the souls of new and new admirers of his talent.

Bunin's credo is "an in-depth and essential reflection of life."

Let's turn the pages of the writer's life together and determine how his life principles and worldview are reflected in his work.

III. Lecture with assistants.

1. Stages of the biography of I. A. Bunin.

Teacher . The childhood of the future writer, who was born in Voronezh, in 1870, in a family of Oryol landowners, passed on the Butyrka farm, near Yelets.

Belonging to one of the most noble "literary" families, who bestowed Russian literature on Vasily Zhukovsky and the poetess Anna Bunina, the boy began to write poetry from the age of seven.

Expelled from the gymnasium for poor progress, he was educated at home under the guidance of his brother Julius.

In 1887–1892 the first publications of poems and critical articles appear, then the stories of I. Bunin.

In 1900 Bunin's story "Antonov apples" was recognized as a masterpiece of the latest prose.

In 1903 Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize Russian Academy Sciences for the collection of poetry Falling Leaves and the translation of the Song of Hiawatha.

In 1915, the publishing house of A. F. Marx published complete collection Bunin's writings.

Having tragically survived the October Revolution, Bunin, together with his wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, leaves for emigration.

After a number of tests, the Bunins remain in France, where almost the entire second half of the writer's life will pass, marked by the writing of 10 books, collaboration with the leading "thick" magazine of the Russian abroad "Modern notes", the creation of the novel "Arseniev's Life".

In 1933, Bunin became the first Russian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize "for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated the typical Russian character in fiction."

In Bunin's diary dated October 20, 1933, we read:

"Woke up at 6:30 this morning. . I lay down until 8, dozed a little. Gloomy, quiet, dotted with a little rain near the house.

Yesterday and today involuntary thinking and the desire not to think. Still, expectation, sometimes a feeling of timid hope - and immediately surprise: no, this cannot be! ..

Let the will of God be done - that's what needs to be repeated. And, pulling himself up, live, work, reconcile courageously.

Assistant job. The student makes a message according to the memoirs of G. N. Kuznetsova from the book "Grasse Diary".

Teacher . In 1934, the Berlin publishing house "Petropolis" began to publish an 11-volume collection of Bunin's works, which he himself would consider to be the most fully expressing the author's will.

During the German occupation of France, wanted Jews are hiding in the Bunins' hideout in Grasse.

In 1943, the summit book was published in New York Bunin's prose"Dark alleys".

In the late 1940s, Bunin carefully approached the Soviet representatives in France, discussing the possibility of publishing his works in the USSR; however, in the end, he refuses to return.

He died in exile.

2. Features of creativity I. A. Bunina.

In the course of this part of the lecture, students complete the task: in the form of a plan, note the main features of Bunin's work (present 2-3 options on the discussion board).

Teacher . Features of Bunin as an artist, the originality of his place in Russian realism of the 19th–20th centuries. deeply revealed in his works.

Against the backdrop of Russian modernism, Bunin's poetry and prose stand out as good old. They continue the eternal traditions of Russian classics and in their pure and strict outlines they give an example of nobility and beauty.

I. A. Bunin draws facts, and from them, beauty itself is born organically.

One of the highest virtues of his poems and stories is the absence of a fundamental difference between them: they are two faces of the same essence.

Assistant work. Student's message on question 3 on page 54 of the textbook: “What is the relationship between Bunin the prose writer and Bunin the poet? How does the metaphorical nature of poetry, its musicality and rhythm invade prose? Is it possible to say that Bunin's prose was plowed by the poet's plow ("Antonov apples")?

Teacher . Bunin does not like "thousand-year Russian poverty", squalor and prolonged ruin of the Russian village, but the cross, but suffering, but "humble, native features" do not allow not to love.

It is impossible to read the pages of Sukhodol dedicated to the village without a deep shudder. Do not shield yourself from compassion by reading scary story about the starvation of Anisya, a peasant martyr. Her son did not feed her, left her to the mercy of fate; and, old, malnourished all her life, already dry from hunger for a long time, she died when nature was in bloom and “the rye was tall, swayed, shiny, like expensive marten fur.” Looking at all this, “Out of habit, Anisya rejoiced at the harvest, although for a long time there had been no benefit to her from the harvest.”

When you read about this in Bunin, you not only feel pity and your heart hurts, your conscience also hurts. How many such ungrateful forgotten people and today!

Reading Bunin, you understand that the village is not a plot for him, he is forever connected with Russia. Love for Russia with its "timid thousand years of slave poverty" is the writer's testament to a new generation.

Assistant job. Student's report on question 2 on page 54 of the textbook: “What are the origins of Bunin's social duality? What is the attraction to noble traditions and the writer's repulsion from them? How did Bunin perceive "the master and the peasant"? Consider from this position early prose Bunin, for example, the story "Tanka".

Teacher . Captivates and enchants nature in the works of Bunin: it is not abstract, for its image the author selected images that are closely related to life and everyday life ordinary person. The blood connection of the author with nature is emphasized by the richness of "colorful and auditory sensations" (A. Blok).

His nature is “a yellow tablecloth of stubble”, “clay carpets of mountains”, butterflies “in chintz motley dresses”, “silver strings” of wire of telegraph poles on which tailbones sit - “completely black icons on music paper”.

The originality of the writer's style is determined by the special nature of the depiction.

In Bunin's prose, there is a very wide range of speech means that recreate various manifestations of sensory perception and are distinguished by a high degree of concentration in a relatively small space of text.

Sample Plan

1. Continues the traditions of Russian classics.

3. He does not like Russian poverty, but he is forever connected with Russia.

4. Nature enchants in Bunin's works.

5. The special nature of the pictorial:

a) a wide range of speech means;

b) a high degree of their concentration.

IV. Working with text (in groups).

On the cards are fragments of Bunin's texts. Students conduct an independent study of the text in order to determine the range of speech means used by the author.

1st group.

Work with a fragment of the story "Antonov apples".

“... I remember early fine autumn. August was filled with warm rains, as if on purpose for sowing, with rains at the very time, in the middle of the month, around the feast of St. Lawrence. And "autumn and winter live well, if the water is calm and raining on Lawrence." Then, in the Indian summer, a lot of cobwebs settled on the fields. It is too good sign: “There are a lot of shadows in Indian summer - vigorous autumn” ... I remember early, fresh, quiet morning... I remember a big, all golden, dried up and thinned garden, I remember maple alleys, the delicate aroma of fallen leaves and the smell of Antonov apples, the smell of honey and autumn freshness. The air is so pure, as if it were not there at all, voices and the creak of carts are heard throughout the garden.

These are tarkhans, philistine gardeners, who hired peasants and pour apples to send them to the city at night - certainly on a night when it is so nice to lie on a cart, look at the starry sky, smell tar in fresh air and listen to the long wagon train carefully creaking in the dark along the high road.

Sample Answer

This fragment, in combination with the included folklore elements(folk omens, name religious holiday) creates the image of Russia, the country to which the emigrated writer remained faithful.

Anaphoric repeat "remember", "remember" brings this prose text closer to poetry. There are a lot of repetitions in this fragment, which is typical for the writer's style. The motif of the starry night sky, so often found in lyrical poems, also sounds here.

The reader's perception is affected not only by the pictures drawn by Bunin the artist, but also by the smells conveyed by him (the scent of fallen leaves, the smell of tar, honey and Antonov apples) and sounds (the voices of people, the creak of carts, the creaking of the convoy along the road).

2nd group.

Work with a fragment of the story "Late hour".

“The bridge was so familiar, the old one, as if I had seen it yesterday: rudely ancient, humpbacked and as if not even stone, but some kind of petrified from time to time to eternal indestructibility - I thought as a high school student that he was still under Batu. However, only some traces of the city walls on the cliff under the cathedral and this bridge speak of the antiquity of the city. Everything else is old, provincial, nothing more. One thing was strange, one thing indicated that, after all, something had changed in the world since I was a boy, a young man: before the river was not navigable, but now it must have been deepened and cleared; the moon was to my left, quite far above the river, and in its shaky light and in the flickering, trembling brilliance of the water, the paddle steamer was white, which seemed empty - it was so silent - although all its portholes were lit, like motionless golden eyes and everything was reflected in the water with streaming golden pillars: the steamer stood exactly on them.

Sample Answer

In this sketch, speech means are diverse, recreating various manifestations of sensory perception.

Not only adjectives are used to denote color (gold) , but also a verb with the meaning of color (turned white) , which gives the text as much dynamism as the participles "in a shimmering, trembling light."

Bunin conveys the situation in the perception of a particular person, as indicated by the use of the pronoun "the moon was on the left from me» . This makes the sketch more realistic and puts the focus on internal state person, which is revealed in the pictures he perceives.

In the description of the old bridge, the association is interesting different parties perception in compound adjective rough ancient: rude points to external signs bridge, ancient adds a temporal connotation to the epithet.

3rd group.

Work with a fragment of the story "Mowers".

“The charm was in that unconscious, but consanguineous relationship that was between them (the mowers) and us - and between them, us and this grain-growing field that surrounded us, this field air that they and we breathed from childhood, this evening time, these clouds in the already pinking west, this fresh, young forest full of honey grasses up to the waist, wild innumerable flowers and berries, which they constantly plucked and ate, and this high road, its expanse and reserved distance. The beauty was that we were all children of our homeland and were all together and we all felt good, calm and loving without a clear understanding of our feelings, because they are not needed, should not be understood when they are. And there was a charm (already completely unaware of us then) that this homeland, this common home of ours was Russia, and that only her soul could sing like the mowers sang in this birch forest that responded to their every breath.

Sample Answer

In the story "Mowers" an anaphoric structure is used (for these sentences monogamy is typical), which brings this prose work closer to poetry. This fragment is structured as a lyrical monologue. Lyrical expression is created by repetitions different types: lexical repetition (words was, this), repetition of single-root words ( in kinship, grain-growing, homeland), repetitions of words with the general semantics "common" ( common, native, consanguineous, kinship, together).

The theme of Russia sounds, as in most of the works of I. A. Bunin, in the words “we are children of our homeland”, “our common home” the author confesses his love for this country, emphasizing the blood relationship with its people.

This text reveals another feature characteristic of the writer's style: the author influences the reader's different sensory perceptions by describing the color (rosy west), smell (honey herbs), connects even the taste ( berries that "permanently plucked and ate" scythes).

Homework:

1. Write a miniature "Impressions of the first meeting with Bunin."

2. Individual tasks:

a) question 4 on page 54 of the textbook: “What is the poeticization of loneliness in Bunin’s work of the 1900s connected with?” Consider the poems "Sonnet", "Loneliness";

b) a message on the topic “I. A. Bunin is the finest painter of nature.”

Lesson topic: Preparation for the final essay based on the story by I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco" (direction "Aims and Means").
During the classes
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE LESSON
1. Conversation with students, based on the parable "Taste of the air"
Tell me, can you taste the air?
Are taste and smell the same thing?
Let's lament the parable, which is called "The Taste of the Air."
One day Master asked me:
- Can you taste the air?
I sniffed the forest air and named a few scents.
Yes, you have a good nose. But what about taste?
I stuck out my tongue like a dog several times, but remained perplexed.
- Good, - Teacher smiled and, jumping up from behind, grabbed me and covered my mouth and nose.
I realized that resistance was useless, but after a minute the instinct of self-preservation made me twitch my limbs and squirm. Then the Teacher let me go, and I breathed Life in full.
“The taste of life,” I said, catching my breath a little.
- Right. You should always feel this taste. This taste is also in water, in food and in many other things. Do not eat anything that does not have the main taste. Don't talk to someone who is mentally dead. Drink from the Cup of Life with pleasure, but do not rush, because you can empty it ahead of time, or you can even spill it.
What is the moral of this parable? What lesson did the Master teach his student? What is it calling for?
What should be the basis of life? What goals should a person set for himself?
What life values ​​should be prioritized in life so that a person does not regret the lost years, so that he can truly enjoy life?
2. Compilation of the mind map "Life Values"

Can we say that a person does not need material values, that he should strive only for spiritual ones? Justify your answer?
II. "DIPPING INTO THE TISSUE" STORY BY I.A.BUNIN
What values ​​are central to the life of a gentleman from San Francisco? Prove it with text.
Is it bad or good? Can we give a definite answer?
What has the gentleman from San Francisco acquired over the years of work?
What did he lose by acquiring wealth?
Does this mean that if a person sets himself the wrong goal, then he loses the "taste of life"?
The hero is 58 years old. Did he really live?
Does he understand that he sacrificed his life for material goods?
Why does Bunin take only a few sentences to describe the life of a gentleman from San Francisco? Read them.
Until that time, he had not lived, but only existed, though not badly, but still pinning all his hopes on the future. He worked tirelessly - the Chinese, whom he ordered to work for him by the thousands, knew well what this meant! - and finally he saw that a lot had already been done, that he had almost caught up with those whom he had once taken as a model, and decided to take a break.
What are the means by which he achieves wealth?
What does money give him?
Find in the story a description of this power over people.
Having power over people, does the hero become happy?
Is it possible to immediately, at will, as if by the wave of a magic wand, become happy, learn to enjoy simple little things, experience a variety of sensations and feel the life boiling around?
Does he really enjoy and relax during the holidays? Justify your answer.
What does the gentleman from San Francisco not have, despite being rich?
What leads to the deceitfulness of goals?
Let's put it all in the form of a diagram.

FACILITIES
TARGET

Wealth

Deceitfulness of goals

The work of thousands of Chinese

Power over people

Victim
yellow body

DEATH
spiritual
physical

What conclusion does the writer lead us to?
1. We must hurry to live, not postponing life for later!
2. Deceitfulness of goals leads to spiritual and physical death
Is the story of I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco" modern? Justify your answer.
III. WORK ON THE THEME OF THE ESSAY
1. Choosing a theme
1. How does the goal set by a person in front of him affect his fate?
2. What is more important for a person - spiritual or material goals?
3. Do you agree with V. Hugo's statement: “Our life is a journey, an idea is a guide. There is no guide and everything has stopped. The goal is lost, and the strength is as if it had not happened”?
2. Work on the composition of the essay
1. Introduction. A reference to an authoritative opinion on an issue close to the problem under discussion (for example, the words of Academician D.S. Likhachev: “Only a vital goal allows a person to live his life with dignity and get real joy.”)
2. The main part. The answer to the question posed in the topic of the essay:
1) argument 1 + illustration (story by I.A. Bunin “The Gentleman from San Francisco”);
2) argument 2 + illustration (goals of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrey Bolkonsky, heroes of L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" // goals of Alexei Meresyev, hero of B. Polevoy's "Tale of a Real Man", etc.)
3. Conclusion. Appeal, appeal to the reader//reasoning about the relevance of the topic.
IV. HOMEWORK.
Write an essay on one of the suggested topics.

LIFE GOALS OF LITERARY HEROES
Artwork, author hero The purpose of life
L.N. Tolstoy,
novel "War and Peace" by Pierre Bezukhov Saving the life of a loved one, family members, one's country, mankind
Prince Vasily Kuragin Money, material values
Kuprin, story "Garnet Bracelet" Telephonist Zheltkov Lyubov
F.M. Dostoevsky,
novel "Crime and Punishment" Sonechka Marmeladova Christian Love
A.S. Pushkin, the story "The Shot" by Silvio Revenge
A.S. Pushkin, novel "Dubrovsky" Vladimir Dubrovsky M. Gorky,
the story "Old Woman Izergil" Danko Life for the sake of people
Larra Life for yourself
A.T. Tvardovsky,
poem "Vasily Terkin" Vasily Terkin Peace on earth, victory over the Nazis
Parable about the purpose in life
The teacher stopped, looked at the river and said to his disciples:
- Look carefully at this river - it is like our life, flowing either rapidly or slowly. At any moment it can change and will never return to its former face.
The students looked at the river intently. Then the sage asked them a question:
- And what would you choose the path to your intended goal?
The younger student replied:
- I would not be afraid of the current and swim towards it in order to reach the goal.
- You are brave, - said the Mentor, - but there is a big risk that you will drown without reaching the goal.
The average student replied:
- I would choose the path, going with the flow, like that branch that confidently floats along the river, and along the way I would gain experience.
- A good answer, but only if the current goes in the direction of your goal, and if not, then you are threatened, like this branch, to cling to the shore of an unfamiliar place and rot, - said the Mentor.
The senior student thought and answered:
- I would swim to my goal, changing tactics, then going with the flow, then against it. If I got tired, I stopped for a halt, and then, gaining strength, moved on to my goal.
- You thought well about the mistakes of your friends, but still your answer was not wise enough.
Then the Master turned around and walked slowly home. The disciples, puzzled, stood for a while by the river and followed the sage. When they caught up with him, they immediately asked:
- Mentor, which way would you choose along the River of Life?
He stopped, looked at his students, smiled and replied:
I wouldn't even go swimming.
“Is your goal already achieved,” the students were surprised.
- No, - answered the Mentor, - but not always, in order to reach the goal, you need to swim. In order to achieve the goal, you must first go ...

The stories of I. A. Bunin create a feeling of something beautiful, mysterious, mysterious, sad and joyful. They seem to lift us above our being and at the same time lift the veil over the secrets and mysteries of the Universe.

The title of the story by I. A. Bunin "The Book" contains two meanings: one specific - "printing work", and the other abstract-metaphorical - "life".

The Bible speaks of the book of life, where everyone who believes in Christ and fulfills his covenants will be written.

The theme of the story is to correlate the world of the book and the world of reality, in the attempt of the hero - the narrator to find his place in life, in search of the meaning of life. The story is built on the opposition of the fictional book world and the real, real world.

It begins like this: "Lying on the threshing floor in the omette, I read for a long time - and suddenly I was outraged." "Three floor", "omet" are significant details of the text, creating an atmosphere of idyllic village peace and quiet. Why "outraged" and not "outraged"? The impersonal form of the verb conveys the surprise, the impulsiveness of the feeling that gripped the hero. This feeling came somehow instantly, immediately and inexplicably: how long can you read and live other people's sorrows and joys?

The beginning of the text is saturated with details that recreate the image of time - fluid, changeable, transient, leaving like water in the sand and never turning back: "long", "from early morning", "from day to day, from childhood"", " lived half his life, "to the grave."

The world of the book is outlined by a whole series of homogeneous proper names in pairs. Each image of the book world carries symbolic meaning. Abraham and Isaac are the heroes of the Bible, personifying obedience to God, humility before his will. Hamlet with his reflection, the desire to connect the broken connection of times, punish evil and establish justice, and Dante is a courageous and stern researcher of human sins. Gretchen, personifying youth, beauty and love; Chatsky, who entered into a duel with " Famus Society". All these names convey the complexity and diversity of the book world. We see that the reading circle of the narrator is wide.

"Book obsession" and "alien inventions" are opposed to the world of nature. "... a field, a manor, a village, men, horses, flies, bumblebees, birds, clouds - everything lived on its own, real life". Nature teaches to live a real life, and not other people's inventions, teaches one who knows how to observe.

In the description of that important point, when the narrator suddenly woke up from a book obsession, the past tense verbs are replaced by present tense verbs: I look, I see sharply, I hear, I smell, I feel. You need to live not in the past, but in the present, in this moment and rejoice in the fact that you can perceive the world with all your senses. The ability to look with surprise and joy. "with some new eyes" is the greatest gift. Life is "something extraordinarily simple and at the same time extraordinarily complex", "deep, wonderful, inexpressible"", it is something "that is never written properly in books". Life is much wider than what is depicted in art, and it cannot be fully explained. If someone could explain life, it would lose its meaning. Life is a constant movement towards truth. "How does the heart express itself? How can someone else understand you? A thought uttered is a lie," F. Tyutchev's statement about the impossibility of conveying the inexpressible finds its embodiment in the story of I. Bunin.

Each of first three paragraphs of the text begins with the verb "read", that is, he lived in a fictional world, and ends with the antithesis of this invented world of books - a description of reality. In a rural landscape, the author seeks to convey the variability of nature, its elusive transitions from one state to another: "While I was reading, changes were secretly going on in nature." The epithet "secretly" emphasizes the holiness, mystery, incomprehensibility and mystery of the very soul of nature. The two landscapes are contrasting: "It was sunny, festive; now everything has faded, quieted down." Clouds and clouds "to the south ... still bright and beautiful." Warm, soft smells of distant field rain. The earthly world, objective, visible and tangible is more beautiful than the fictional, bookish one.

Color epithets are unexpected, picturesque and colorful: "on a dry purple road", "white iron shovel", "blue chernozem".

The image of a peasant, who is opposed to the narrator, is connected with the theme of life and death. A man is happy only because he lives in the world, that is, he does something incomprehensible in the world. He is happy that he planted a jasmine bush on the grave of his girl, and believes that his girl knows about it, believes that she is invisibly present next to him. He does not grumble at God for his heavy loss, resigns himself to fate, is submissive to the will of God and hopes for Providence. The portrait of a peasant conveys his inner state: "The face is rejuvenated, clear." "The hat is off the sweaty forehead." The peasant happily worked, planting jasmine "on his girl", obviously, he spoke to her as if she were alive, and therefore a miracle of spiritual renewal happened to him. miracle of enlightenment of the soul. A person lives as long as the memory of him is alive.

The narrator "reads everything", "invents everything", but inwardly he is ready to meet a peasant and to change his attitude to life. This seemingly insignificant meeting transformed the narrator. forced him to rethink his purpose.

The man uttered only three phrases, but two of them sound like a revelation to a lover of reading and give rise to many questions. "He planted a jasmine bush on his girl ..." But does the girl know about this? The superiority of an illiterate peasant over an educated hero lies in the fact that the peasant believes in future life and don't doubt it for a minute. He believes without reason. believes in eternal life and knows that he will meet his daughter in it. It is no coincidence that the purple road along which the peasant returns from the churchyard, earthly last resort man, but a guest in this life and an eternal inhabitant of heaven, lies between the threshing floor and the garden. When pronouncing the word "threshing floor" one recalls Lermontov's: "With joy, unfamiliar to many, I see a complete barn..." The barn is a symbol of material well-being and prosperity, a symbol of earthly prosperity. Garden - symbol eternal nature, and in the Christian sense - a symbol of eternal human soul. ("Everyone should cultivate his own garden").

The author repeats twice that the oriole sings in the garden. "Playful trills", "flute singing" also give rise to questions in the mind of the narrator: why? for whom does the oriole sing? Whether for oneself, for the life that a garden, an estate has been living for a hundred years. The estate is a symbol of the motherland, a family nest. Or maybe this manor lives for the flute singing of the oriole?

Oriole singing is akin to creativity. The theme of creativity is connected with her image. In order to express yourself, your "I", convey your vision of the world or in order to reflect in your work the world. Maybe the surrounding reality, nature exist in order to sing about them, to try to express the inexpressible?

The final part of the story echoes these questions, born by the singing of the oriole, and it arose under the influence of the peasant's last phrase: "You read everything, you invent all the books," Why invent? Creativity is a complex and painful process. On the one hand, there is the eternal fear of appearing insufficiently similar to those that are famous. On the other hand, the creator experiences eternal torment - to remain forever silent, not to speak about what is truly yours and the only real one. How to keep your "I" at least in a word?

Thus, the themes of the story, as always with Bunin, are eternal and enduring: nature, creativity, life and death, happiness and the purpose of man on earth. The course of the author's thoughts moves from the book world, creativity to earthly life and to eternal life, and again returns to creativity. Starting with the opposition of the world created by someone else's fiction, real earthly life with its bright, visible beauty, the author ends with the assertion of power and miraculous power artistic word. A word capable of preserving the unique human "I" with its unique world.