Why are monuments erected? Why are monuments needed?

Useinova Zemfira

WHY ARE MONUMENTS PLACED?

¨Monument – ​​what does this word mean?! In him main part– memory, that is, it is a figure, a tile that helps us remember a person, animal or event in the future.

¨ Monuments were invented in Ancient Rome so as not to forget a person after death, to preserve the memory of him for “years”, for “centuries”.

¨ Monuments are different, for example monuments medieval architecture, landscape art, natural monuments, cultural heritage, people who distinguished themselves in something good and accomplished a feat.; monuments to writers, artists, composers, generals, statesmen; the first locomotive, tram, traffic light, water supply, sparrow, movie stars, movie characters. There are technical monuments - tanks, cannons, machine guns, airplanes...

¨ I think the most significant monuments were erected to the people who saved our ancestors: grandmothers, grandfathers, mothers and fathers during the war, thanks to whom we can breathe freely, walk, study - just live and grow...

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The work was prepared by: student of BOS No. 2, 3-A class Useinova Zemfira, scientific supervisor: Osmanova G.R.

prepare information material and a presentation on the topic “Why monuments are erected”, which can be used in history lessons and classroom hours. Why are monuments erected? Monument - what does this word mean?! The main part of it is memory, that is, it is a figure, a tile that helps us remember a person, animal or event in the future. Monuments were invented in Ancient Rome in order not to forget a person after death, to preserve the memory of him for “years”, for “centuries”. Monuments are different, for example, monuments of medieval architecture, landscape art, natural monuments, cultural heritage, people who distinguished themselves in something good or accomplished a feat.; monuments to writers, artists, composers, generals, statesmen; the first locomotive, tram, traffic light, water supply, sparrow, movie stars, movie characters. There are technical monuments - these are tanks, cannons, machine guns, airplanes... I think the most significant monuments were erected to the people who saved our ancestors: grandmothers, grandfathers, mothers and fathers during the war, thanks to whom we can breathe freely, walk, study - just live and grow... To preserve the memory of people - heroes, important events in the life of the country, the people, to know its history, we must take care of the monuments: lay flowers at them, and most importantly, we ourselves must remember and be worthy of them. In order to preserve the memory of people - heroes, important events in the life of the country, people, to know its history, we must take care of monuments: lay flowers at them, and most importantly, we ourselves must remember and be worthy of them.

In Alupka, on one of the alleys of the park, there is a monument to the Twice Hero Soviet Union Ametkhan Sultan, fighter pilot, cruise missile tester. Flowers grow at the foot of the monument. The flow of people does not end here: many honor the memory of an extraordinary person. In appearance, he, Ametkhan, is no different from others, but during his lifetime legends were made about him, he was unusually gifted by nature, he flew like God. They say he felt the plane and was very brave and courageous. Even a planet is named after this ace pilot. We owe our lives and peace to people like Ametkhan Sultan. This monument instills in us some kind of strength, confidence that everything will be fine if we grow up at least a little like those who defended our peaceful, clear blue sky. The hero city of Sevastopol is itself a monument to all those who died in its defense. Here, every inch of land is watered with the blood of its defenders. Brig "Mercury" There are many monuments in the city. For example, the brig "Mercury", glorifying the feat in the name of the Fatherland Monument to Nakhimov Admiral Nakhimov, Admiral Ushakov Monuments to the 1st - 4 bastions, the steamship "Vesta", Suvorov - the great Russian commander, Memorial of the heroic defense of the city of Sevastopol Memorial of the heroic defense of the city in 1941-1942 . These monuments tell us about people who fought to the death, not allowing the enemy to enter their native land.

The memory of people who have passed away should find a corner in the heart of each of us, we, grandchildren and great-grandchildren, must know about those who will never come again... My grandmother often talks about my grandfather’s father, Rejepov Usein, he is my great-grandfather, participant of the Great Patriotic War, was called up to the front from Simferopol, participated in the defense of the hero city of Sevastopol. He, an ordinary soldier, brought shells to defensive bastions under enemy fire. No one thought about heroism in the war, everyone felt in their hearts that they would die, but would not surrender to the enemy, would stand to the end, and with their body would cover the enemy’s path. My great-grandfather was like that; he was wounded in battle, crawling and dragging a box of shells. Heavily wounded, he spent a long time recovering in hospitals, and was declared unfit for duty. military service. My great-grandfather never recovered from his wounds and was awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, and Jubilee Victory Medals. Our family remembers the Great Patriotic War sergeant Rejepov Usein, this is my great-grandfather, we are proud of him, his memory will be passed on from generation to new generation. “Tell your children about them so they will remember them! Tell your children’s children about them so that they remember them too!...” because “...It’s not the dead who need this, it’s the living who need it!”

There are many churches, cathedrals, temples in Crimea - these are all monuments that have come down to us from the depths of centuries, but we must take care of them so that next generations we could admire their beauty and study their history.

I am interested in cultural heritage monuments Crimean Tatars. In every city and village you can get acquainted with them - this is the Genoese fortress in Sudak, Swallow's Nest, Livadia Palace, Chembala fortress in Balaklava and, of course, the historical sights of my hometown Bakhchisarai, which is filled with outstanding ancient monuments. Khan's Palace You cannot pass by the beautiful Khan's Palace, surrounded by greenery. It is full of secrets and mysteries. Here, within the walls of the palace, in its courtyard, we can learn about the history of life Crimean khans Gireev. Zyndzhirly Madrasah And next to the tomb of the Crimean khans, the Muslim school “Zyndzhirly Madrasah” was built 5 centuries ago. Each person entering bent under the chain hanging above the door - he, as it were, knelt before science and knowledge, showed reverence and respect to this temple of knowledge. This university accepted young men who graduated from school. They studied mathematics, Arabic and Turkish languages, learned to compose poems, studied the Koran. Priests, teachers, statesmen. This ancient monument can tell us how children from villages were drawn to knowledge, and, of course, this monument is like a reproach, a reproach to those who do not need knowledge.

Even at the dawn of civilization. Scientists are still finding ancient stone sculptures created by primitive sculptures and still raising questions and disputes about what or who they are. One thing does not cause controversy - all images of fictional or real creatures had cult significance. The first monuments were created as objects of worship; magical supernatural powers were attributed to them. Later magical power began to be vested in deceased leaders and respected members of tribes and ancient communities. People began to create monuments to perpetuate and exalt. This function continues in . Statues depicting generals, rulers of states or great writers can be seen in any country. The grateful pay tribute to the talents or heroism of their great compatriots. But in the history of mankind, monuments were erected not only to the dead, but also to living people. The cult of a living person and his deification were especially clearly manifested in Ancient Egypt. The pharaohs built tombs for themselves and erected theirs next to the statues of their many. This tradition was later picked up by emperors in Ancient world. Monuments to them were erected during their lifetime, and the emperors could enjoy divine honors and glorification of their merits even before their inevitable departure to another world. However, the passion for exalting their own person among the greats of this world can still be observed today. Lifetime monuments were erected to Kim Ser-in, Stalin, Turkmenbashi Niyazov, Mao and full list is not limited to these names. As a rule, the initiative to build monuments to the person being glorified came from that person himself or his faithful associates. The presence of monuments to living people is considered by many sociologists as one of the proofs of an unhealthy society and a totalitarian system in the country. With the development of society, monuments became more and more diverse. Not only people, but also animals began to receive the honor of being immortalized in bronze and marble. There are memorials to rescue animals who died in service. For example, in Paris there is a monument to St. Bernard Barry, who saved the lives of people caught in an avalanche. In Japan you can see a monument to canine fidelity. It was erected in honor of the dog Hachiko, who for several years came every day and waited for the arrival of his deceased owner. In many European cities in Lately There was a tendency to install unusual and funny monuments. In Washington there is a monument to people standing in line, in Bratislava you can see a monument to a plumber sticking his head out of a sewer hatch, and in Paris you can take a photo next to a monument to a finger. Such structures do not carry any important social function, they are made to create a mood, decorate the city and attract the attention of tourists to it. Human memory is short, life goes on as usual and new ones are constantly appearing. Monuments do not allow humanity to forget about the most important milestones in its history, about people and events that we would like to always remember.

Every person should know about the place where he was born and lives. IN big country Every person has a small corner - a village, a street, a house where he was born. This is his little homeland. And our common great Motherland consists of many such small native corners.

We live in a small town, but do we know our city? How do we treat him? cultural heritage?

There are many monuments in our city, but people know little about their history, that not all monuments are known to the residents of our city, and even less they know about the events in honor of which these monuments were erected. Why?Why are monuments erected in cities?What is the significance of a monument in our life?

People pass by, rushing about business. It’s just that city residents don’t notice things that seem ordinary to them, but in fact conceal within themselves a huge cultural and historical value. Our city is associated with many great events and interesting people. There are many buildings that preserve the memory of these events and people. These include sculptural monuments, busts, pedestals, memorial plaques and steles that immortalized the heroic efforts and sacrifices of soldiers at the fronts and home front workers during the years of past wars, and theirwe have a considerable number.

People should know and remember the history and heroes of their city in orderlearn to respect your ancestors and remember what, in turn, will be necessary for their descendants. Everyone begins to learn responsibility - moral responsibility before the people of the past and at the same time before the people of the future.”

All these objects may have the category of federal, regional or local historical and cultural significance.

Our monuments

There are many historical buildings in our city that are landmark his.

http://www.timerime.com/en/timeline/3258748/+/

Conclusion. In the course of our work, we learned that our city has a great cultural heritage represented by architectural monuments. They give a special appearance and historical flavor to the city.

Only by learning a little more about the city, architecture and society, will we be able to form a competent society capable of taking responsibility for urban space and, through joint efforts, will preserve our cultural heritage.

Without knowing the past or neglecting it, you can live your life without becoming a real person, conscious of responsibility for the past and future of the Earth.

Paradoxical as it may sound, it is by meeting the culture of the past that we can feel the breath of the future. That future when the value of art and humanity will be clear and undeniable for everyone.

Why are monuments needed? Probably to understand and appreciate your country, its history, to respect yourself for being a part of something big, important, to appreciate and protect our common achievements.

Why are monuments needed? To instill in citizens, especially young people, a sense of pride in their ancestors, in their country, and a readiness to defend it with arms in hand when attacked by the enemy. Monuments should generate pride in ancestors...

The Romans said that art is eternal, but life is short. Fortunately, this is not entirely true, because immortal art is created by people. And it is in our power to preserve the immortality of humanity.

We must remember thatspending cultural values irreplaceable and irreversible.

Already in ancient times, rulers were well aware of the influence of monumental structures on the consciousness and psyche of people. Monuments with their grandeur give an emotional charge, inspire respect for the history of their country, and help preserve a significant past. They are designed to instill in citizens a sense of pride in their ancestors. Sometimes monuments are erected to living people who have distinguished themselves in something good. Very little time will pass, and there will be no living eyewitnesses of the Great Patriotic War. The presence of a monument that tells about the feat of the Russian people will allow descendants not to forget about these years. In any locality In our country you can find stone evidence of this cruel time. Between monuments and society there is invisible connection. The historical and cultural environment, of which monuments are a part, influences the formation of the worldview of every resident. In addition, historical and cultural monuments are information that is needed to predict future processes. Science, using archaeological material such as monuments, not only restores what happened in the past, but also makes predictions. In architectural terms, monuments help organize space and act as the visual center of public space. For an objective understanding of cultural and historical processes It is important in society to preserve monuments. The attitude towards them is determined by society’s position towards its past and can manifest itself in ignorance, care and deliberate destruction. This depends on many factors - on the level of education and culture of the population, the dominant ideology, the state’s position towards its cultural heritage, the political structure, and the economic state of the country. The higher the education, culture, economy of a society, the more humane its ideology, the more conscious it is of its historical and cultural heritage.

There are so many monuments in the world! Grateful humanity erected majestic structures in honor of deceased just rulers, brilliant musicians and poets. In prehistory, heads of state did not want to wait own death and built monuments to themselves during their lifetime. Monuments are placed in cemeteries and in the center of city squares. Why do people do this in all countries and at all times?

Humanity began betting at the dawn of civilization. Scientists are still finding ancient stone sculptures created by primitive sculptures and still raising questions and disputes about what or who they are. One thing does not cause controversy - all images of fictional or real creatures had cult significance. The first monuments were created as objects of worship, and magical supernatural powers were attributed to them. Later, deceased leaders and respected members of tribes and ancient communities began to be endowed with magical powers. People began to create monuments to perpetuate and exalt. This function continues in . Statues depicting generals, rulers of states or great writers can be seen in any country. The grateful pay tribute to the talents or heroism of their great compatriots. But in the history of mankind, monuments were erected not only to the dead, but also to living people. The cult of a living person and his deification were especially pronounced in Ancient Egypt. The pharaohs built tombs for themselves and erected theirs next to the statues of their many. This tradition was later picked up by emperors in the ancient world. Monuments to them were erected during their lifetime, and the emperors could enjoy divine honors and glorification of their merits even before their inevitable departure to another world. However, the passion for exalting their own person among the greats of this world can still be observed today. Lifetime monuments were erected to Kim Ser-in, Stalin, Turkmenbashi Niyazov, Mao, and the full list is not limited to these names. As a rule, the initiative to build monuments to the person being glorified came from that person himself or his faithful associates. The presence of monuments to living people is considered by many sociologists as one of the proofs of an unhealthy society and a totalitarian system in the country. With the development of society, monuments became more and more diverse. Not only people, but also animals began to receive the honor of being immortalized in bronze and marble. There are memorials to rescue animals who died in service. For example, in Paris there is a monument to St. Bernard Barry, who saved the lives of people caught in an avalanche. In Japan you can see a monument to canine fidelity. It was erected in honor of the dog Hachiko, who came to the church every day for several years.

Having seen a news article about a referendum planned in the capital on the topic of returning the monument to “Iron Felix” to Lubyanka, I decided to speculate with my readers about what kind of monuments we need and why.

This topic is important and relevant, since it is directly related to the preservation among the people historical memory, and therefore with a person’s national self-identification. And if you look very deeply, then the successes of the future development of our Fatherland are connected with how well we are able to learn the lessons of the past.

What is a monument and what role does it serve?

If you turn to Yandex and type the word “monument” in the search bar, you get the full impression that there are no monuments other than gravestones... Therefore, before starting our reasoning, let’s remember what types of monuments exist and why Monuments are generally needed.

So, the purpose of the monument is rooted in its name. Monuments are needed to remember or, as the encyclopedia says, to “perpetuate people, events, objects, sometimes animals, literary and film characters, etc. In addition to performing an objective historical function, many monuments also carry a political load, being objects of fundamental propaganda "

And monuments can be made in the form of not only sculptures, busts or sculptural groups, but also in the form abstract compositions, bas-reliefs, memorial plaques, triumphal arches, obelisks and columns.

Thus, monuments can look very different, and are not always dedicated to a specific person, but with their presence they do not allow us to forget about something or someone important.

Why a monument? Let's write a book/make a movie!

The monument, first of all, impresses with its clarity.

Yes, if we watch a movie about an event, phenomenon or person that interests us, then we get more strong impressions. Visual images staged in in the right order, cause a storm of emotions in us and are imprinted in our consciousness.

And if we read a book or article about something that interests us, we get much more information than a sculpture could give us - a three-dimensional picture with a whole bunch of nuances, dates, opinions.

But the monument is valuable to others. Because he is here and now. About good film Or you need to know the book first. And the bust of the Honored Marshal, if we are driving around the city on a bus or walking with friends and suddenly stumble upon him, immediately makes us remember the war in which he participated, the era in which he lived. Quite often this prompts us to better study the history of our own country.

In addition, the monument is a work of art. Thanks to the movements invested by the sculptors and the accompanying attributes created by him, we read in “Rurik” intelligence, courage and determination, and in “Pirogov” - his philanthropy and readiness for self-sacrifice.

And the monument, as a rule, is much more durable than other cultural elements. A bronze or concrete figure can last for centuries, and favorable confluence circumstances and millennia.

Who will we remember?

There are several answers to this question. Some people believe that only individuals, events and values ​​that they respect are worthy of perpetuation, and that what they consider wrong should be firmly forgotten. Accordingly, if I am a monarchist, we erect a monument to Peter the Great, and we demolish all the leaders of the revolution and melt them down, and if I am a communist, we smash the sculptures of tsarism’s henchmen.

Is it correct? I think not! Today there is only one ideology. Tomorrow another one. And in forty years - the fifteenth. And if we, guided by the current moment, demolish everyone, then there won’t be enough sculptors to make new memorials. It would be easier then, as the satirist Zadornov suggested, to make monuments with unscrewing heads... For the sake of economy.

And who can be raised in such inconstancy? Opportunists? Ivanov, who do not remember their kinship? What will society become? Torn into many factions that hate each other?

There are also those who oppose any social conflicts. These people call for erecting monuments to those people whose personalities do not cause heated public debate: defenders of the Motherland, such as Suvorov or Alexander Nevsky, pioneers, such as Fedot Popov or Grigory Shelekhov, doctors, scientists, poets.

Not a bad offer in its own way. Unless you take into account the fact that there are not very many such unambiguously indisputable persons in history and that you need to remember not only the good, but also the bad. Otherwise, it will not be possible to learn full lessons from the past and we will constantly suffer from “mischief-making.”

In addition, by studying the activities of controversial personalities, we acquire the skill of reasoning, which allows us to take the good from them without the bad and better navigate the affairs of our contemporaries in power.

Finally, there is a third position. It is occupied by historians and those people who observe general world development. They see that the most successfully developing countries today, such as Great Britain, France, Japan or China, are not at war with the past.

In a situation where monuments of various past eras peacefully coexist with each other, the residents of these states receive a complete picture of the path of their country, begin to respect its multifaceted culture and do not purse their lips in disgust when they hear about “traditions” and “folk”.

Perhaps this is exactly what we should do. Erect monuments to those for whom they have not yet been erected, leave those that are standing and restore those that were destroyed by someone.

Public discussion.

In general, the tradition of recent years, according to which a public discussion of proposed public initiatives is initiated, is good and necessary. Discussion allows us to take into account the interests of the majority of society and avoid unnecessary tension in it.

In any case, the people are the overlords of our state and it is their opinion regarding who, where and what kind of monument should be erected, and in general whether the person represented is worthy of a monument, should be decisive.

Therefore, the initiative of the Moscow authorities on a local referendum on the possible return of the Dzerzhinsky monument to the Lubyanka can only be welcomed. Let the residents of the capital decide whether they need him there or not.

The main thing in perpetuating certain figures is to maintain proportion. There are really too many monuments in our country, for example to Lenin. No offense to the communists.

But instead of dismantling them, as they are doing now in Ukraine, it is better to take a different path and erect a proportional number of monuments to Russian tsars, Stalin, chroniclers, saints, diplomats, pioneer printers, heroes of socialist labor...

Our country is large enough for there to be enough space for monuments for dozens of future generations.

Which monuments are more important right now?

Naturally, monuments to the founders of the Russian state. Anyone will answer that way man of sense, if he remembers that the monument is also a promotion tool state ideology, as well as the urgent need for some kind of unifying platform right now, when Russia is under serious external pressure.

Of course, you can return Felix Edmundovich to his historical place, if everyone really wants it. The country's resources allow.

But monuments to Prince Vladimir, who baptized Rus' and determined its civilizational choice for millennia, to princes Rurik and Oleg, who united the disparate lands of the Slavs into a single power, are now much more priority and relevant.

IN last years A lot of monuments to saints, war heroes, Christian and patriotic symbols are erected. Monuments are erected by the people. This means that Christianity and patriotism are the values ​​that are closest to him. The state must take into account and respect this choice.