Dahl folk proverbs. Dahl's proverbs (from the book "Proverbs and Sayings of the Russian People") Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary of proverbs and sayings

Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people Vladimir Ivanovich Dal

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Title: Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people

About the book “Proverbs and Sayings of the Russian People” Vladimir Ivanovich Dal

Vladimir Dal is a well-known personality; his Explanatory Dictionary is still a popular and relevant literature to this day, which people often resort to to define little-known words.

Dal was a true connoisseur of the Russian language and literature; he revered not only literary works, but also folk sayings and proverbs for which the Russian people have been famous at all times. Only the Slavs had sayings for any life situation, and Vladimir Dal collected them all in his book “Proverbs and Sayings of the Russian People.”

This collection book is unique; to this day, all folk proverbs do not lose their relevance and allow you to succinctly and accurately express a thought or describe almost any life situation. Dahl collected material for the collection for almost half a century - this is the longest period of time for creating a book. Years of the author’s life: 1801-1872, that is, he spent most of his years compiling this work. It is interesting to read it even today, because this huge collection contains best quotes that have become proverbs.

“Proverbs and Sayings of the Russian People” is a unique collection that is an encyclopedia of folk sayings. All sayings and proverbs in Vladimir Dahl's collection are collected in groups. Thematic proverbs are collected in sections, for which the author has chosen the most succinct and understandable title.

Vladimir Dal was talented person and his encyclopedia “Proverbs and Sayings of the Russian People” is the most complete collection sayings. The book has 178 sections, each of which has at least 30 sayings or proverbs, some are known to us, others are the majority modern people Hardly heard. Reading this book will not only be interesting, but also informative; on its pages you will find great amount phrases that are relevant for all times. This is the uniqueness of the work; it does not age even almost 200 years after printing.

Thanks to the book “Proverbs and Sayings of the Russian People,” you can learn the peculiarities of the life of the Slavs, since all proverbs were invented ordinary people, they convey a special flavor of life of these segments of the population. This reference book will become a guide to an unusual study of the life and life of peasants, in addition, it will expand your horizons and vocabulary. The book is necessary for every person who strives for self-development and wants to learn something new every day; it will allow you to join traditional Russian culture.

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“Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people”- one of the most famous works Russian ethnographer and writer Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl. The work, published in 1862, contains more than thirty thousand sayings, riddles and proverbs.

The collected sayings give an idea of ​​the culture, life and life philosophy Russian people. The publication is also a monument to oral and written speech of the 19th century. All sayings are recorded live vernacular, and also presents terms and phraseological units related to crafts. Additional sources for the book were collections of the 18th century, private notes, and works by D. Knyazhevich and I. Snegirev. This auxiliary material made up a fifth of “Proverbs and Sayings of the Russian People.”

In his work, Dahl abandons his fascination with terminology and leaves the reader to independently delve into and reason about the meaning of this or that saying. The author calls himself a “collector.” The book is preceded by an introductory article - “Naputnoe”. The rest of the volume is devoted directly to samples of small folklore.

When compiling a book, Dahl did a tremendous job: collecting phrases by ear, in oral conversation. Use already published proverbs it was necessary to be careful; there were “empty”, “distorted” expressions. It was necessary to reject phrases with typos or signs of misunderstandings. This entailed the risk of excluding authentic sayings from the collection. Thus, the main part of the collection is devoted to phrases recorded among the people.

Dahl defines a proverb as an “involuntarily broken exclamation” that cannot be composed on purpose. This catchphrases, which were used throughout the territory of residence of the Russian people. People have invented amazing things good words and ways of expressing thoughts.

Dahl also distributed the collected phrases according to thematic groups. In the book you can find sayings about God and faith, about happiness, wealth and luck, about good and evil, about family and animals, as well as about many other aspects of spiritual and material life, including the elements of nature, agriculture, phrases about quirks. A total of 178 topics are presented, covering the entire picture of the world of Dahl’s contemporary man. In addition, the book contains riddles, tongue twisters, and jokes.

Folklore existed even in the pre-literate era. Studying the Dahl collection gives a historical insight into the life and beliefs of people, the mentality and general culture people.

Dal Russian proverbs and sayings: read and download

We have compiled 2 collections of Dahl's proverbs, based on the available information in open sources, and recorded them on Yandex disk in .doc format. To download proverbs, follow the links provided and click “Download”

V. I. Dal “Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people (by topic):

V. I. Dal “Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people (topics in alphabetical order):

Dahl's proverbs by topic:

Here we will simply list subgroup topics, to which Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl divided Russian proverbs and sayings in his book:

Baba - woman, Take care - extravagance, God - faith, Wealth - prosperity, Wealth - squalor, God - oath - guarantee, Chatterbox - spy, Scold - hello, Past - future.

Faith - sin, Faith - confession, Faith (riddles), Faithful - knowledgeable, Faithful - reliable, Guilt - merit, Will - bondage, Theft - robbery, Universe.

Where, Grief is trouble, Grief is insult, Grief is consolation, Guest is hospitality, Certificate, Thunderstorm is punishment, Revelry is drunkenness.

Far - close, Yard - house - household, Girls' fortune-telling, Children - homelands, Days, Good - mercy - evil, Boredom, Prosperity - squalor, Fight - war, Friend - foe.

The ride is a cart.

Groom - bride, Animal - creature, Life - death.

Care - experience, Envy - greed, Riddles, Enthusiasm - revelry - dissipation, Loans, Law, Reserve, Titles - classes, Health - illness, Agriculture.

Games - fun - catching, Fanaticism - split, Fanaticism - hypocrisy.

Kapa - thunderstorm, If only, Treasury, Punishment - mercy, Punishment - disobedience, Punishment - indulging, Punishment - recognition - humility, Punishment - threat, Slander - falsehood, Cry of the nosy, Konanye (lot).

Love is not love.

Months, World - quarrel - dispute, Much - little, Rumor - glory, Youth - old age, Fraud - theft, Husband - wife.

Supervision is the master, Title is the name - nickname, The people are the world, The people are the language, Inheritance is a gift, The beginning is the end, The authorities are the order - obedience, The authorities are service, Untruth is a lie, Untruth is a deception, Accident is a surprise.

Loneliness, Loneliness - marriage, Failure - quickness, Neatness, Caution.

Memory - remember, Food, Occasion - reason, Weather - elements, Search - find, Peace - movement, Help - by the way, Time - measure - success, Proverb - saying, Praise - boast, Truth - falsehood, Truth - untruth - lie, Holiday, Sayings - jokes, Gratitude, Decency - politeness - custom, Choruses, Sayings, Reason - excuse, Reason - effect, Quirk, Space - crampedness, Misdemeanor - sin, Request - consent - refusal, Directness - guile, Path - road, Drunkenness.

Work is idleness, Joy is sorrow, Thought is determination, Plant is agriculture, Craft is craftsman, Craft is projectile, Kin is tribe, Homeland is foreign land, Rose is one, Rus' is homeland.

Wedding, Matchmaking, One's own - someone else's, One's own customs, Family - relatives, Fairy tale - song, Tongue twisters, Cattle - animal, Courage - courage - cowardice, Laughter - joke - fun, Humility - pride, Temptation - temptation, Temptation - example, Consciousness - evidence, Dream, Neighbor - boundary, Quarrel - abuse - fight, Elements - phenomena, Severity - meekness, Court - extortion, Court - truth, Court - order, Fate - patience - hope, Superstitions - signs, Essence - appearance, Happiness - luck, score.

Mystery - curiosity, Patience - hope, Silence - noise - screams, Decay - vanity, Confusion - stupidity, Trade, Tory - stinginess, Cowardice - flight.

Murder is death, Please is service, Intelligence is stupidity, Moderation is greed, Perseverance, Condition is deception, Service is refusal, Learning is science.

Good - bad.

King, Color - suit.

Man, Man - signs, Honor - honor, Miracle - wonder - tricky.

Panache.

Dal Porudominsky Vladimir Ilyich

"PROBERDS OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE"

"PROBERDS OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE"

“A collection of proverbs is a body of folk, experienced wisdom, the flower of a healthy mind, the everyday truth of the people,” writes Dahl; collecting and studying proverbs means making “some kind of summary and conclusion, a general conclusion about the spiritual and moral character people, about their everyday relationships.” In the work of the people, Dahl is attracted not only by creativity (“the gift of creation”), but more by the creator who possesses this gift: people.

Proverbs have been collected before. Back at the end of the seventeenth century, a set of “Tales or Proverbs of the Most Popular” was compiled, for they “are extremely necessary and useful and are known to be good by everyone.” In the distant past, Professor Ivan Mikhailovich Snegirev served this cause a lot and stubbornly. Snegirev had accumulated about ten thousand proverbs, he also saw reflection in them historical events, social and family life, but believed that proverbs were created in a select, “higher” circle, while the people only accepted and disseminated wise sayings, revealing in them “good nature, mercy, patience akin to Russian.” Metropolitan Evgeniy, one of the then spiritual rulers, called Snegirev’s book “a course in national morality”; The secular lord, Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, awarded the author with a diamond ring. Snegirev is a serious scientist, but he did not study proverbs in order to know and understand his people, he believed that he knew the people and understood them, and, based on this, he collected (selected!) proverbs. Snegirev’s collections are called “Russians in their proverbs” and (the later) “Russian folk proverbs” - titles essentially different from Dalev: “Proverbs of the Russian people.”

Snegirev (whatever his views may be) is a scientist, for him proverbs common among the people, tested and sharpened over centuries; there were people trying distribute popular proverbs. It’s funny, however, in its own way and significant: an attempt to implant a proverb among the people is a recognition of its strength and effectiveness.

Catherine the Second (who didn’t even know much Russian) with the help of her secretaries composed “sentiments” like “Mercy is the sovereign’s guardian” or “Where there is unfeigned love, there is true hope.” Already under Dal, at the end of the forties, some anecdotal Kovanko, through Minister Uvarov, presented the Tsar with an absurd collection “ An old proverb will never break, or the experimental foundation of folk wisdom in two parts,” in which “the presentation is of one great thought of the people’s spirit” - love for the sovereign; It is impossible to call the author’s inventions proverbs: “A dog barks at the ruler, so that they say: ah, Moska, you know, she is strong, since she barks at an elephant” (the highest order was to release the book in a second edition).

We do not want to belittle the scientific merits of Snegirev (by the way, highly valued by Dahl), but in his view - “They stripped her of the proverb from her royal-priestly vestments and dressed her in the rags of a commoner and mixed her into the crowd of the rabble” - and in attempts “from above” to introduce a proverb among the people is something latently common; it, this general thing, fundamentally contradicts Dalev’s conviction that proverbs were created by the people and exist only among the people: “Recognizing proverbs and sayings as a running coin, it is obvious that one must follow them to where they go; and I held on to this conviction for decades, writing down everything that I managed to intercept on the fly in an oral conversation” (“to walk on them,” according to the proverb, is said the same as “pick mushrooms,” - already in this shade the way is revealed Daleva collecting!).

No, Dal did not neglect the works of his predecessors; in “Naputny” for his collection, he remembers with kind words both Snegirev and Knyazhevich, who published in 1822 “ Complete collection Russian proverbs and sayings”, and other guardians in a common field with him, even remembers the ancient poet Ippolit Bogdanovich with his attempts to turn a proverb into “confectionery wisdom” (“No matter how much you feed a wolf, he always looks into the forest” for Bogdanovich turned into: “ A fed wolf will not be a dog - feed him, and he looks at the forest"), remembers Krylov and Griboedov, since he “included in his collection” those sayings that he had to “hear in the form of proverbs,” but the main source of his work is not printed collections, and the “living Russian language”, “which he walked through” where he lived untouched, undistorted, this language - among the people themselves.

“In the Knyazhevich collection (1822) there are only 5300 (with dozens) proverbs; added to them by I.M. Snegirev up to 4000; Of this entire number, I have removed up to 3,500 completely or not accepted in the form in which they were printed; In general, I took hardly more than 6,000 from books or the press, or about fifth beat my collection. The rest are taken from private notes and collected by hearsay, in oral conversation.” There are more than thirty thousand proverbs in Dahl’s collection, exactly 30,130.

Proverbs in Dahl’s work are often contradictory: people sometimes think differently about one subject: “It’s strange that the body is naked, but the wool grows - even wiser than that.” The people believed in the Tsar: “Without a Tsar, the land is a widow,” but still, “The Tsar is a father, and the earth is a womb,” and then there was a hint from experience: “The sky is high, the Tsar is far away,” “The Tsar is from behind the tine.” not to be seen." The people believed in God: “Whatever pleases God is suitable,” but still, “God hears, but does not speak soon,” and experience is a hint: “Trust in God, but don’t make a mistake yourself!” The people believed in the truth: “He who keeps the truth will be rewarded by God,” but still, “Every Paul has his own truth,” and experience is a hint: “To tell the truth is to please no one,” “The truth is in bast shoes; but lies, even if they are crooked, are in boots.” Dahl explained: “The most blasphemy, if it were found anywhere in folk sayings, should not frighten us: we collect and read proverbs not just for fun and not as moral instructions, but for study and research, that’s why we want to know everything that is.”

Dahl's work, contrary to the title, is not just proverbs; the subtitle explains: “A collection of proverbs, sayings, sayings, proverbs, proverbs, jokes, riddles, beliefs, etc.” In “Naputny” Dahl interprets: a proverb is a “short parable”, “a judgment, a sentence, a teaching, expressed in an oblique manner and put into circulation, under the coinage of the people”; proverb - “a roundabout expression, figurative speech, a simple allegory, a circumlocution, a way of expression, but without a parable, without judgment, conclusion, application; this is the first half of the proverb” (“A saying is a flower, and a proverb is a berry”), etc. But we, without completely leaving the conversation about the composition, let's hurry to building his labor.

The small and voluminous collections of the Dalish predecessors were usually built “according to the elementary order.” There were, however, rare exceptions: the famous scientist Vostokov, for example, arranged a small handwritten collection of proverbs he had in “subject” order, choosing from untold wealth spoken treasures are those that revealed human “virtues”. The list of “virtues” itself is unusually characteristic: caution, prudence, frugality, moderation, good behavior; How much one must have wanted to see all this among the people and how it did not fit into the “virtues” that Vostokov had previously written down in the notebook, what the people thought, felt and coined into sayings!..

The novelty of the construction of Dalev’s work is not that the “subject order” of the arrangement of proverbs had never occurred to anyone before, but that Dal did not select proverbs for specific concepts, but did the opposite: he divided the collected thousands according to content and meaning. It’s not always successful (sometimes a proverb can be classified into more than one category - into several categories, sometimes one proverb can be found in several categories), but these are trifles, costs, and Dahl achieved the main thing: “people’s life in general, both material and moral,” in his work it is revealed.

Dahl was aware of the possible costs: “The method of distribution I adopted allows for infinite variety in execution... Depending on the completeness or breadth, the particularity and generality of the interpretation of the proverb, you can move it from one category to another as much as you like and still claim that it is out of place.” But, Dahl chuckled, “any clerk can cut them out and arrange them in alphabetical order,” and thereby provide educated society with a fun game: “riddle out proverbs and find out if they are in the collection.” Dahl was aware of the costs and foresaw reproaches, but he was firmly and unshakably convinced that he was right; he was convinced that he was not mistaken in the main thing: “Usually these collections are published in alphabetical order, according to the initial letter of the proverb. This is the most desperate method, invented because there is nothing else to grab onto. Sayings are strung together without any meaning or connection, based on their random and, moreover, often changeable appearance. It is impossible to read such a book: our mind is fragmented and tired on the first page with the diversity and incoherence of each line; it is impossible to find what is needed; it is impossible to see what people say about this or that aspect of everyday life; it is impossible to draw any conclusion, a general conclusion about the spiritual and moral characteristics of the people, about their everyday relationships expressed in proverbs and sayings; related to the same matter, homogeneous, inseparable in meaning proverbs are spaced far apart, and the most dissimilar ones are placed in a row ... "

Here is a simple example (insignificant even if you look at Dalev’s countless reserves), but “A poor man has two pennies - a lot of money”: let’s write down a dozen proverbs and sayings from Dal in order to better understand the structure of his work. Here they are - first in alphabetical order:

B - “Wealth with money, wealth with fun”

B - “The wine is dissolved in two: for fun and for a hangover”

G - “Where there is law, there is resentment”

D - “The bow is gilded, the harness is belted, and the horse is unfed”

E - “I went to make money, but I had to live off my own”

F - “Life - standing up and howling”

K - “He who writes the laws breaks them”

M - “The husband drinks - half the house is on fire, the wife drinks - the whole house is on fire”

N - “Covered by the sky, fenced in by the field”

O - “One glass for health, another for fun, a third for nonsense”

P - “I increased the price, gained nothing, but made it cheaper and turned it around twice.”

R - “Rabishche is not a fool, and gold is not a wise man”

S - “Your own corner - your own space”

T - “Bargaining pit: stand straight; Be careful, don’t fall in, if you fall, you’ll be lost.”

C - “What do the laws mean to me, if only the judges were familiar”

Each saying is apt and clever in its own way, but together they don’t yet say anything - they are disconnected: just a dozen folk sayings written out in a row. But here are the same proverbs and sayings as Dahl’s - in content and meaning:

Prosperity is squalor

“Life - getting up and howling”

"Wealth with money, wealth with fun"

“Rubishche is not a fool, and gold is not a wise man”

Yard - house - farm

“Your own corner - your own space”

“Covered by the sky, fenced in by the field”

“The bow is gilded, the harness is belted, and the horse is unfed”

Law

“Where there is law, there is offense”

“He who writes the laws breaks them”

“What do the laws mean to me, if only the judges were familiar”

Trade

“I increased the price, gained nothing, but sold it cheap and turned it around twice.”

“I went to make money, but I had to live off my own”

“Bargaining is a pit: stand up straight; Be careful, don’t fall in, if you fall, you’ll be lost.”

Drunkenness

“The wine is dissolved in two: for fun and for a hangover”

“The husband drinks and half the house is on fire, the wife drinks and the whole house is on fire.”

“One glass for health, another for fun, a third for nonsense”

We admit: it is no coincidence that we wrote out examples from these sections of Dalev’s collection - we remember that Dal revealed hundreds of proverbs to the figures of the Geographical Society family life in Rus'; judging by one of his letters, he also intended, based on proverbs, to show “what exactly the people say” about poverty, about home, about laws, about trade, about drunkenness. By reading two or three hundred proverbs on one topic in a row, you can comprehend the people’s opinion, through the thickness of well-aimed and cheerful words you can see the golden sand at the bottom, the wisdom that has stood for centuries.

“There is no trial or punishment for the proverb” - Dahl did not try, it never occurred to him, not only to smooth out the proverb, but - what could be simpler! - hide: in his work he gave to the people what he owned, without looking back and without hiding. The work came out of his pen unsmoothed, unkempt - red fiery swirls stuck out, catching the eye, as if teasing, sayings like: “The king strokes, and the boyars scratch”, “The butt and the thief - everything fits”, “Lord forgive, into someone else’s let the crate go, help him rake it and carry it out”, “The master for the master, the man for the man”, “Praise the rye in the haystack, and the master in the coffin.” This was included in his collection by the same Dahl who called for the liberation of the peasants moderately and carefully; the same one who advised to beware of the words “freedom”, “will” - they supposedly ignite hearts, and in his collection of proverbs: “Part in everything, but will in nothing”, “The will is great, but the prison is strong”, and here same: “Involuntarily, a horse breaks the tug, if it doesn’t take the chance,” “The mash endures for a long time, but if it goes over the edge, you won’t be able to stop it.”

People whose apt and wise word became a proverb, Russian peasants, believed in God and sometimes no less than in God, they believed in a reliable sovereign, for centuries they obeyed the bars and patiently endured oppression and lawlessness. But these same people, the unknown creators of proverbs, became convinced every day that God is not merciful to everyone and that the hope for justice rarely comes true - “There is good, but not everyone is equal”; patience was running out - “Wait like an ox!”, the mash was overflowing - “As long as we are human, happiness is not lost”; Villages, volosts, provinces rose up, swore allegiance to Stenka and Pugach, lordly estates burned, and cities surrendered to the peasant army; Shemyak officials were trembling in fear (“The clerk is a dog breed; the clerk is a sneaky people”), and the pope robbed (“Pop’s belly is sewn from seven sheepskins”) was hiding in his pantry between pot-bellied bags; new proverbs were born.

The cautious Dahl was ready to keep a hundred tales under wraps - let them “rot”, just to sleep peacefully, and he didn’t want to throw out a hundred proverbs from his collection, although he foresaw: “My collection... could become unsafe for me” - and even so, wrong. Dal did not want to throw out a single proverb - it’s a matter of perspective, conviction: Dal did not invent the people with the help of proverbs, but showed how the people are revealed in proverbs, different, often contradictory. The distance here is close in opinion to Dobrolyubov, who also saw in proverbs “material for characterizing a people.” Curious: from the same inexhaustible source, from Dalev’s meeting, Leo Tolstoy drew supplies for the speeches of his favorite, the humble and peaceful “do-nothing” Platon Karataev, and the participants of the revolutionary circle, who selected the most seditious, “blasphemous” from the “Proverbs of the Russian People” and compiled them into a propaganda campaign (according to Dahl - “inflammatory”) paradise.

Dal felt and understood this inexhaustibility - everyone will find something in the collection. “There are five essences in a radish: trikha radish, sliced ​​radish, radish with butter, radish with kvass, and radish like that,” - the people are inexhaustible, and that is why the spicy radish proverb is so varied in “essences.” In Naputny, Dahl wrote: “Interpreting a joke or a hint that the reader himself understands is vulgar and cloying... The readers themselves, no matter how few of them there are, are also not the same, everyone can have their own requirements - not the sun, for everyone you won't get sick."

Dahl didn’t miss everyone: a long, almost ten-year history of publishing “Proverbs of the Russian People” begins.

“Will, will this collection ever be published, with which the collector has cherished his life, but, parting with it, as if the matter is over, I don’t want to leave it without a parting word” - with these lines Dahl opens the preface to his work and adds : “This introduction was written in 1853, when the analysis of proverbs was completed; let it remain now, when the fate of the collection has been decided and it has been published.” It was probably no coincidence that Dahl wanted to “leave now” (and thereby forever) the sad anxiety - “will it happen, won’t it happen when”: the difficult, unequal struggle for the result of thirty-five years of life and work to see the light of day and remain for people , you can’t throw yourself out of the past century - and it turned out well, but your whole heart burns...

The Academy of Sciences, where Dahl's work appeared, instructed two of its members to express a judgment about it - Academician Vostokov and Archpriest Kochetov.

Vostokov’s review is not too detailed and not hostile, although not entirely benevolent: next to fair comments about erroneous interpretations of individual proverbs (Dal listened to Vostokov’s opinion) there is displeasure due to the presence of proverbs on religious themes- “Is it decent?...” In general: “The collector should review and carefully process his work, which, of course, contains a lot of good things.” The dispassionate, neat academician was not too lazy to note the translated proverbs - and from which language, he indicated, wrote down the proverbs of literary origin - and named the author...

Punctualist!

Whether it’s the case of an academician archpriest, you can’t say “impassionate” about this - how much ardor, enthusiasm; about this you cannot say “critic”, “detractor” - enemy!.. The archpriest was learned man, participated in the compilation of the academic “Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian Languages”, published the first experience in the Russian language of the “science of moral theology”; but you can know and love your language differently, value the nuggets of the people’s mind and words differently, and also have different judgments about people’s morality.

“In my opinion, Mr. Dahl’s work is 1) enormous work, but 2) alien to selection and order; 3) it contains passages that can offend the religious feelings of readers; 4) there are sayings that are dangerous for people’s morality; 5) there are passages that arouse doubt and distrust in the accuracy of their presentation. In general, the merits of Mr. Dahl’s collection can be described as a proverb: it contains a barrel of honey and a fly in the ointment; a sack of flour and a pinch of arsenic.”

This “pinch of arsenic” especially angered Dahl: he could not forget it all, and almost ten years later he wrote in Naputny: “They found that this collection and unsafe encroaching on corruption of morals. To make this truth more intelligible and to protect morals from the corruption that threatens them, a new Russian proverb was invented and written in the report, not entirely coherent, but clear in purpose: “This is a sack of flour and a pinch of arsenic.”

Even the “enormous” work, which Dahl seemed to be credited with, is a sin for the archpriest: “Through this he mixed edification with corruption, faith with superstition and unbelief, wisdom with stupidity...”; mixed “verbs of God’s wisdom with sayings of human wisdom” (“this cannot but offend the religious feelings of readers”); “The sacred texts were mutilated by him, or misinterpreted, or blasphemously combined with popular idle talk.”

“Temptation comes into the world... in bad books”... “It is not without grief that a pious Christian will read in Mr. Dahl’s book”... “One can also include passages in Mr. Dahl’s book that are dangerous for the morality and piety of the people”... About the wisdom of the people, about his pious morality - the archpriest casually, but as for the matter - without beating around the bush: “There is no doubt that all these expressions are used among the people, but the people are stupid and talk all kinds of nonsense”; Dalev’s work is a “monument of folk stupidity” (and Dal believed that it was folk wisdom!).

To match Kochetovsky - as they agreed (and maybe even agreed!) - the review of the “secular” censor, collegiate adviser Shidlovsky. There is no need for a collegiate adviser to play a learned man, but a vigilant husband is useful: he, following Kochetov, repeats about “insulting religious feelings,” and most importantly, does not miss the opportunity to seize “harmful ambiguity.” The section is “Hypocrisy”, and the proverb is “Every tongue praises God”; section “Law”, and the proverb - “Two bears cannot get along in one den.” The very “neighborhood” of other sayings is inappropriate, because it can cause laughter, containing concepts that “should not be in contact”: “His hands are long (that is, there is a lot of power)” and then “His hands are long (that is he is a thief)” - is it permissible? No, it’s unacceptable, it’s absolutely impossible: “Proverbs and sayings against the Orthodox clergy, the treasury, the authorities in general, the service, the law and judges, the nobility, soldiers (?), peasants (?) and serfs are not only useless (!), but, I dare say to say, extremely harmful”...

And here’s a curious feature of zealous “guardians”: they are given Dahl’s work for review, and they all strive both in the lines and between the lines to “discover” the ill-intention, the secret intention of Dahl himself, so they are tempted to convey: “If this collection is the fruit the works of a person who completed a course of study in one of the higher educational institutions in Russia, a person who has been in the service for many years ...”; or: “The government is concerned about publishing more edifying books capable of enlightening the people, and Mr. Dal...” Dal later answered in explanatory note: “I don’t see how it is possible to impute to a person a crime that he collected and wrote down, as many as he could collect, various folk sayings, in any order. Meanwhile, these reviews come back with some kind of sentences for the criminal.”

Baron Modest Andreevich Korf, director public library(and he is also a member of the secret committee for the supervision of book printing), reasoned in his own way: since the goal of Dalev’s work is “to collect everything,” the collection should be printed “in its entirety,” but since this would be “completely contrary” to “the care of the government on the establishment of good morals,” the collection should be published “in the form of a manuscript... in only a few copies” - and then “the publication of the collection can begin with feedback from the censorship and the Ministry of Public Education,” and in addition, “no other than with the special highest permission.” Korf’s most curious thought: “The collection of proverbs, in the form as it was conceived and executed by Mr. Dahlem, is a book for which it should not be readers (!), but learned researchers, not that public that blindly believes in everything printed... but such , which knows how to cultivate bad soil (!).” Dahl wanted to return the treasures taken from him to all the people, and Korf offered (as a mercy!) to keep Dahl's work for several learned men under lock and key, in the main libraries.

But Korf’s scopal project was not carried out: after a small matter, the highest permission was not forthcoming. Emperor Nicholas, who favorably accepted articles about the stupid Moska barking at the ruler, and generously rewarded the “people's opinion” invented by the “guardians,” did not want to see published the work that the mind, soul and experience of the people revealed in the people’s word.

It's funny: Korf wrote in his review that in proverbs, created by the people,“many false teachings and harmful principles”, “dangerous for our people,” the tsar, baron, and archpriest tried to discourage the people from what they had been coming to in thought and heart for many centuries. The tsar, the baron, the archpriest, and the collegiate adviser tried to strain through their sieve the folk wisdom that Dahl tried to preserve as the greatest value. “Geese in harps, ducks in pipes, crows in boxes, cockroaches in drums, a goat in a gray sundress; a cow in matting is more valuable than anyone else.”

The collection “Proverbs of the Russian People” was published only in the early sixties. On title page, under the title, Dahl put: “The proverb is not judged.”

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URAL PROVERBS, SAYINGS

From the book Saint of Our Time: Father John of Kronstadt and the Russian People author Kitsenko Nadezhda

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Proverbs of the Russian people

Original title: Proverbs of the Russian people

Publisher: Type. M.O. Wolf

Place of publication: St. Petersburg-M.

Year of publication: 1879

This collection includes, in addition to proverbs, proverbial sayings, sayings, proverbs, tongue twisters, jokes, riddles, beliefs, signs, superstitions and many sayings that have conventionally come into use. “This collection should bring together folk wisdom with popular stupidity, intelligence with vulgarity, good with evil, truth with lies. A person must appear here as he is in general, throughout the entire globe, and as he is in particular among our people. What is bad, run, what is good, follow, but do not hide, do not hide either good or bad, but show what is... The collection of proverbs is a collection of folk experienced wisdom. These are groans and sighs, crying and sobbing, joy and joy, grief and consolation in faces. This is the color of the people's mind, an original state, this is the everyday truth of the people, a kind of law of law, not judged by anyone... What did not reach the people did not concern their life, did not move either their mind or their heart, and that is not in the proverbs; “What good or evil got involved in his life, you will find in the proverb.”

GOOD - MERCY - EVIL

God rules in a good way. God rules the good (or: necessary) way.

God helps the good. God help the good.

God is pleased, and the king is pleased.

It's good to live with kindness. It is good to live in goodness.

With good will, everyone is welcome.

Hurry to do good (or: hurry).

Hurry for a good deed, and the bad will come on its own.

A good deed does not melt in water (or: does not sink).

A good deed is strong (or: strong).

A good deed for a century (or: for two centuries: for this and for that).

Do not repent of a good deed. Having done good, do not repent (do not reproach).

Do not reproach a good deed.

Good will overcome bad. Goodness cannot resist goodness.

It is famously remembered, but goodness will not be forgotten.

Good and good in a dream.

There are many kind people in the world.

The evil one does not believe that there are good people.

It’s not a century to live, but a century to remember.

Good memory.

An affectionate word is not difficult, but quick.

A kind person is more likely to do something than an angry one.

A kind word seduces many.

A kind word - like a spring day.

His caress is not a stroller: you can’t sit down and you can’t go.

Don’t rush at a kind word, don’t get angry at a rude word.

Don’t give in to a kind word, don’t be offended by the opposite.

Don’t be angry at an angry word, and don’t rely on a kind one.

Don’t be afraid of anger, don’t rush into affection.

To be bitter - they will crush you, to be sweet - they will swallow.

The bitter one will be cursed, and the sweet one will be swallowed.

They disliked the angry one, and knocked the merciful one out of the circle.

The bad god (i.e. the idol) and the calves are licked.

Don’t feed him kalach, and don’t hit him in the back with a brick.

Don’t bother the master’s servant with bread, but the master’s servant should run (i.e., work).

Not everything is dragging, pulling, and caressing.

Not all on the back of the head, but also on the head.

It's not all whip and whistle.

With a spirit of meekness, and not with a stick to the bone.

It’s not all moulting and whistling (sailor suits).

Don’t hit a man with a club (or: club), hit him with a ruble (half a ruble).

God gives to a merciful person.

To the sick (or: to the unfortunate, i.e. to the punished criminal) do mercy - to speak to the Lord God.

Mercy is boasted even in judgment. Mercy is red in truth.

Mercy supports justice.

It won't kill a fly. He won't kill a mosquito even in his sleep.

Our Avdey is not a villain to anyone.

Wisdom is a serpent, gentleness (or: meekness) is a dove.

And the chicken has a heart.

So and so unsmeared (weasel).

Whomever grandfather loves, he gets the bones. Every giving is good.

Thankfully there is no sample. It’s not bad that there’s half a pound of malt.

Don't blow the cold wind on us.

It’s a pity, it’s a pity, but there’s nothing to help.

The veins are torn from heaviness, tears flow from pity.

The heart bleeds. The heart is bleeding.

It's a pity for the girl - she lost (or: ruined) her boyfriend.

Do not feel sorry for the one who jumps; feel sorry for the one who cries (and vice versa).

To feel sorry for a horse is to exhaust yourself.

To make guests feel sorry for you is not to cry yourself.

Do not cry from sting (or: pity).

You won't make him feel sorry for him by crying.

You will not be kind to the unmerciful.

You won't hear a kind word from a dashing person.

If the hardship didn't take it, the tightness won't take it either.

It’s not crowdedness that kills, it’s fever.

A stone priest, and iron prosvirs.

His penny will burn a beggar’s hand.

Why be angry with someone who is not afraid of us?

It is good to beat the one who cries, but to teach the one who obeys.

Be angry, but do not sin.

To be angry is a human thing, but to hold a grudge is a devilish thing.

Anger is human, and rancor is devilish.

Do not repay evil for evil.

The crooked (the bad) cannot be corrected by the crooked.

Don’t remember what’s behind (or: don’t remember). Don't remember the old things.

The old sexton should not be over-sexed.

Don't remember it badly.

Do not give free rein to your tongue at a feast, in conversation, or to your heart in anger.

Hold your tongue and clench your heart into a fist.

He who overcomes his anger becomes strong.

Master of your anger is master of everything.

Not everyone is a villain who is daring at times.

The cloud is not without thunder, the master (or: master) is not without anger.

Where there is anger, there is mercy.

There is anger, there is mercy.

Although he will be angry, but later he will reconcile (that is, make peace).

If you get warm, you get angry, if you catch a cold, you get cold.

God will forgive, just don’t be tricky in the future.

God will forgive the guilty, but the king will favor the right.

God is his (or your) judge. The Lord is with you.

God judge the offender (sinner), and the person forgives.

It’s hard for those who remember evil. Msta (revenge) is not retribution.

Where there is harm, there comes dislike.

Every crack squeaks (i.e., where there is grief, there is a complaint).

Fun for you, but bad laughter for me.

We will stand for good and insist on evil.

Don't tease the dog, it won't bite.

An angry dog ​​gives self-interest to a wolf.

They beat a wolf even in someone else's stake.

Spread and carry manure (that is, on you).

They carry water for angry people.

An evil person will not live in good times.

An angry person has a thicker lip and a skinnier belly (or: thinner).

Not at your mother: you can’t pout (i.e., you’re used to pouting at your mother).

For the good, crackers are good for health, but for the evil, meat is not good for future use.

Don't hit someone else's gate with a whip; they wouldn’t hit you with a club (or a butt).

Do not avoid the hateful: God has reserved the sweet.

Whirl and muddle, and try to leave on your own.

If only a pig had horns, she would kill everyone in the world.

God does not give a horn to a lively cow.

The lively polled cow lives.

Angry and powerless - the pig's brother.

To go under someone else's head is to carry your own in advance (or: to carry your own towards).

To fight about someone else's head is to put your own on the line.

You cuckoo well - but on your own head.

Perish, my villain, without having got rid of me, and having got rid of me, live at least three centuries. Perish my dashing one, not having destroyed me, but having destroyed me, etc.

Dog eat dog, eh the last damn thing will eat (or: and the last one will hang itself).

If it weren't for the frost on the nettles, there wouldn't be any problems with it.

If there had not been frost on the hops, they would have grown over the tine.

The thin grass is out of the field.

Get the carnivorous cow out of the field (or: out of the herd).

To live in evil is to walk through the world.

It's dashing to the bottom, and there is only one road.

The desire of sinners perishes.

You can’t take anything with your heart (or: you can’t do it).

The heart is of no help to the matter (or: it will not help).

Don’t be angry, you’ll ruin your liver (or: your liver will burst).

There were no (or: Not enough) lungs, so the liver spoke.

Angrily is stupid, and fussy is fearless.

An angry person does not carry pots (because he will interrupt).

You cannot break the heart of a parable (or: tributary).

You can't even break a straw with your heart.

Don't be angry, but rather submit.

Rather than being angry (or scolding), it is better to make peace.

You can't break an enemy's spear with your heart.

My heart doesn't pound, my head doesn't hurt.

The old woman was angry with the world for three years, but the world didn’t know it.

The woman was angry at the bargaining, but the bargaining didn’t know about it.

The mare is angry at the cart, but it rushes uphill and downhill.

The woman gallops backwards and forwards, but things go on as usual.

To calm down an angry person is even more important to raise him up.

Bow to the angry one, but he is even more arrogant.

An angry person will die - no one will stop him.

I got angry and didn’t ask anyone.

The soul cannot bear it, but the heart will take it. It will take the heart as the soul cannot bear it.

Evil Natalya's people are all crooks.

He who has bile in his mouth, everything is bitter.

Whatever it is: do not rebirth it into becoming.

This is his weakness. This is his weak string (or: side).

He limps a little on this leg (or: limps).

There are a lot of fleas in it. Oh-oh, you have a lot of fleas.

A man who is worn out is good for nothing.

Take it with your heart, and eat it with pepper.

Stick someone with a penny (a poor man from Kazan, to spite a rich man, sticks a penny in his hut, and he must go broke).

Climb the wall. He doesn’t remember himself, he’s climbing the wall.

A hot fellow was born.

The heart is fierce, the space is small, there is nowhere to disperse.

The stick will not disappear behind the dog (that is, it will remember).

An angry person will find a stick. The angry one will find a stick.

You can't get rid of it with either a cross or a pestle.

There is no way to pray away from him or fight him off.

Neither pray, nor spit, nor bark, nor turn away.

From the devil with a cross, from a pig with a pestle, and from a dashing man - nothing.

Understood by the devil, surrounded by the devil.

He has the devil in his lining, Satan in his patch.

There is no need for a demon if you are here.

He does it out of spite. Pokes a finger, sticks a word.

Out of spite, in defiance, and as a reproach to people.

The dog does not bite out of selfishness, out of daring.

The snake bites not for satiety, but for the sake of daring.

He's been baring his teeth at him for a long time.

He's been sharpening his knife on me for a long time.

It's a shame how it got out of hand. So he walks and walks.

The cat is darting in the eyes.

It differs, and the devil is not his brother.

Our Kozma hits everything from evil (or: hits from a goat).

They said: they hanged all the madmen; They told a lie: they didn’t tie one of them up.

Fools and madmen, you know, not everyone is outweighed.

A well-fed wolf is more humble than an envious person.

Like a raven waiting for blood (or: gazing).

Don't fall for his hungry teeth.

Looks like a wolf at a body.

Looks like he swallowed exactly seven of them and choked on the eighth.

Don't look at me like a lump, look at me in bulk.

He looks like a Biryuk (or: a wolf, a bear).

Looks like a snake from inside his bosom. Looks like a hawk.

Looks askance like Wednesday on Friday.

In a crooked eye, the straight one is crooked. In a distorting mirror and your mouth is on one side.

Puffed up like a turkey (like an Indian rooster).

He pouted like a mouse on his rump.

The ox's habit is to look from under his brows.

Why are you so sharp, the devil?

He takes the skin off the flayed one. He takes two skins from one ox.

Skinning a living person. It attacks the living and the dead.

You want to straighten your belly, but he’s completely tugging at his intestines (a pot thrown over his belly).

The wolf took pity on the lamb and left the bones and skin.

The mare competed with the wolf: only a tail and a mane remained.

The wolf took pity on the mare: he abandoned the tail and mane.

Hanging around with you is like sitting in nettles.

Getting to know you means staying away from people.

It won’t be long before we talk about your health.

As he looks at the forest, the forest withers.

Whatever he looks at, everything withers.

Wherever you set your foot, grass does not grow.

Where I pass as a fox, there are no chickens laying eggs for three years.

Just plant it in the garden, and the garden will flourish.

Like an ax: if it doesn’t cut, it will hit you.

The pivitsa (leech) screams - the year will not break.

Just as the soul is black, you can’t wash it away with soap.

Even if I go naked myself, I will let my enemy go without a shirt.

I’ll go naked myself, and I’ll let you go like a tambourine.

Even though the snout was covered in blood, ours took it.

My father didn’t give me a hat, so let my ears freeze.

Launch a hussar into a coma (i.e. annoy. Literally: tickle a sleepy person on the nose).

Let someone in (to annoy you).

I'll show you Kuzka's mother. You will recognize Kuzka’s mother.

Bribe someone (i.e., hook someone).

To put a mustard plaster on someone (i.e. to annoy).

Sprinkle some pepper. Throw someone a hairpin.

To bring someone under a surprise (from a card game).

Bring things to a head for the monastery (kill the king with an ace).

Give someone a bristle. Pour cabbage soup onto a spoon.

Give someone a snack. Come on, figure it out.

This is for revenge on the daughter-in-law.

Laugh off ridicule (i.e., take revenge).

I made a mess for them (or: mush), they are clearing out the way.

Bend someone into an arc (or: into three arcs; into three deaths).

Kill someone from the world. Drive away from the world.

Give someone a rooster. Place the red rooster on the roof (i.e. set it on fire).

I would drown him in a spoon. He'll drown you in a spoon.

I'll cut it into a tag for you. You're cut on my tag.

Without knocking down a piece, the dog will not eat it.

A dog won't even eat bread without growling.

Without grumbling, the cat will not eat a piece.

If only he had a dog's tail, he would whip his own sides.

Heart with pepper, soul with garlic.

It hisses like hot iron when you spit.

Anyone who needs to hit a dog will find a stick.

A polled cow - even with a bump, it will gore.

Unable to cope with the cow, the milk pan fell to the ground.

I couldn’t with the mare, but because of the shafts.

Angry that the cow scratched itself on the wrong side.

Apparently, he crossed the threshold with the wrong foot (or: inappropriately).

I stepped out of bed with my left foot.

It took such a toll on my heart that I would have bitten my own tongue.

Sharpen your teeth on someone. Sharpen your claws on someone.

He rushes about like a mad (or maddened) cat.

I didn’t hold it for long, but I know my fingers.

Wherever he grabs it, he leaves a trail of claws.

It is not with good intentions that the evil ones dig their roots.

It purges him like wild grass from a field.

The enemy is strong, and he can overcome mountains (extra: not just as a man).

He's old enough to be Satan's uncle.

Satan himself nurtured him.

Good: the devil gave a penny for it, but went crazy.

Nothing to look at, hard to hold.

Sewn with bast, belted with a collar.

You'd be a good guy, but you're no good for hell.

You give him his word, and he gives you ten.

How much mercy, and twice as much daring. Much mercy, but more daring.

The heart is a falcon, and the courage is a crow.

Not old in years, but lost in daring.

The stepmother encouraged her stepson: she ordered him to drink cabbage soup during the ritual.

Eat, dear guests: everything will (that is, must) be thrown away to the dogs.

Sera is like a pig, but evil is like a snake.

You are a dear father - but not to your children.

He's dying, but his leg is shaking.

He dies, but the potion is missing. The snake dies, but the potion is missing.

A roll in your hands, and a stone in your teeth.

Deeds, deeds, as white as soot (i.e., so white).

The street is straight, but the house is crooked.

Genre: Encyclopedias

Selected proverbs and sayings from the collection of Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (1801-1872), writer and ethnographer, creator of the world famous “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language”.

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Now we move on to Russian proverbs, which it would also be nice for each of us to know.

Russian proverbs and sayings, as everyone knows, this is folk wisdom that came to us from life experience. Now let's look at the most frequently used among them among the people, as well as their interpretations, among other things. For convenience, Russian proverbs and sayings are presented alphabetically.

Russian proverbs and sayings and their meaning

Appetite comes with eating.
The deeper you delve into something, the more you understand and recognize it.

A woman with a cart makes it easier for a mare.
About the departure of an unnecessary person who is not so useful to anything.

Trouble doesn’t walk through the forest, but through people.
Misfortunes with people are the real trouble, and not with what surrounds them.

Misfortunes never come alone.
She will definitely take at least one more with her.

Poverty is not a vice.
You should not judge people for poverty, since it is not their negative quality.

You can’t even catch a fish from a pond without difficulty.
Nothing can be achieved without persistence and effort.

Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age.
About norms of behavior in society, etc. And if something is lost or torn, it will no longer be possible to restore it.

God saves man, who save himself.
It is easier for a person who is prudent and careful in his decisions and actions to avoid dangers and unjustified risks.

Free cheese only comes in a mousetrap.
Rarely is anything free given to us without pitfalls, without a catch.

God marks the rogue.
Evil deeds and others negative qualities do not go unpunished.

For a big ship, a long voyage.
A person with great abilities gets great opportunities.

If you suffer for a long time, something will work out.
If you really try in a difficult matter, you can achieve at least something.

Paper will endure anything.
Paper, unlike people, will tolerate any lie, any mistake written on it.

Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.
Home comfort created with your own hands or hands loved one, cannot be replaced by any visit.

IN healthy body- healthy mind.
By keeping the body healthy, a person also maintains mental well-being.

Every family has its black sheep.
In any family or team there will always be a person with negative qualities.

In crowded but not mad.
A little inconvenience for everyone is better than a more serious problem for just one.

Still waters run deep.
Quiet and calm-looking people often hide a complex nature.

They don’t go to someone else’s monastery with their own rules.
In someone else's team, you should not behave only according to your own rules and procedures.

We see the speck in someone else's eye, but we don't notice the log in our own.
The mistakes and shortcomings of the people around you are more noticeable than your own.

Live forever, learn forever, but you will die a fool.
About the impossibility of knowing everything, even with a constant and persistent acquisition of knowledge.

I picked up the tug - don’t say it’s not strong.
Once you take up a task, bring it to the end, despite the difficulties.

The bird is visible in flight.
About people who, through their deeds and their appearance, show others their nature.

Water wears away stones.
Even minor work, manifested long and persistently, gives good results.

Pound water in a mortar and there will be water.
About doing a stupid thing that does not bring anything useful.

The wolf's legs feed him.
To earn a living, you need to move, be active, and not sit still.

If you are afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest.
If you are afraid of difficulties or dangerous consequences, then you shouldn’t start any business.

All diseases are caused by nerves.
Anger, resentment and resentment weaken the immune system, which leads to the formation of diseases. Avoid anything that makes you nervous. Be patient.

Everything will be ground - there will be flour.
Any problem sooner or later turns into a good result.

All is well that ends well.
If the ending of something is good, then there is nothing to worry about.

Everything has its time.
Everything happens at the appointed time, not earlier and not later.

Everyone goes crazy in their own way.
Each person has their own advantages and disadvantages.

Every cricket knows its nest.
Everyone should know their place and not interfere with someone else’s.

Every bast in line.
Everything can be useful, everything can be used; any mistake is blamed.

Where there is anger, there is mercy.
Not everything can be done with just anger; over time, mercy comes.

Where wood is cut, chips fly.
In any business there are always losses, costs...

Needed where was born.
About a place of birth that would not be worth leaving forever.

Where it's thin, that's where it breaks.
What is strong always remains strong, and the weakest link always cracks.

The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.
It's scary to take on a task until you finally take it on.

The need for invention is cunning.
The need and poverty of a person make him more intelligent and inventive.

Mountain does not converge with mountain, but man does not converge with man.
About people, despite the mountains, who are capable by nature of understanding and meeting halfway.

One grave will correct a hunchback, but a club will correct a stubborn one.
It is difficult and sometimes impossible for a person to get rid of his bad habits.

Prepare a sleigh in the summer and a cart in the winter.
Before you start anything, you must first prepare.

They do not look at a given horse's teeth.
For any gift you are supposed to thank and rejoice at it, they say, take what you give.

Two bears do not live in the same den.
About two rivals vying for leadership. There is no room for two owners in one house.

The master's work is afraid.
The work carried out by the master is completed efficiently and quickly.

Time for business, time for fun.
Most of your time should be spent on study and work, and only partly on entertainment.

For a dear friend and an earring.
For good friend or a loved one, you don’t feel sorry for even the most valuable one.

Debt good turn deserves another.
Good attitude He will definitely return the same to people.

Expensive egg for Easter day.
It's always nice to get what you expect at the right time, in the right place.

Friendship is friendship, and service is service.
Friendly relations should not influence official ones, however, as well as vice versa.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Only a friend will do everything possible for you to save you in a difficult situation.

There is no law for fools.
Only clever man amenable to rules, fools have no time for them anyway.

A bad example is contagious.
About imitation bad example, the bad deed of another person.

Living life is not a field to cross.
Life is a complicated thing, living it is not so easy.

If you chase two hares, you won’t catch either.
It is impossible to achieve two goals at the same time; everything must be done sequentially.

You can't see the forest for the trees.
By focusing on little things or on the same thing, it is impossible to see the main thing.

The Forbidden fruit is sweet.
Taking someone else’s or forbidden things is much more pleasant than taking your own.

Make a fool pray to God, and he’ll bruise his forehead.
An overly zealous person can harm the business.

It is not worth it.
The money spent on something is not justified by the results obtained.

You can't erase a word from a song.
It is impossible to change or hide something with words without distorting reality.

If only I knew where to fall, I would have laid out straws.
About caution, forethought, so that there is no trouble.

Each sandpiper praises its swamp.
Every person praises the place in which he lives, but everything else is foreign and unusual.

Everyone judges for himself.
The way a person is, that’s how those around him seem to be.

As it comes back, so will it respond.
Any actions towards people around you, good or bad, eventually turn out to be the same.

Whatever you name the ship, that’s how it will sail.
What you set your mind to is what you will get.

You can't spoil porridge with oil.
What is useful and pleasant cannot cause harm, even if there is too much of it.

Fight fire with fire.
To eliminate the results of an action, therefore, by the same means that caused this action.

The end is the crown of the whole thing.
It is important to complete any task.

Finished the job - go for a walk safely.
Once you finish your work, you can rest peacefully without thinking about it.

The horse has four legs and even then stumbles.
Even the most intelligent, dexterous and skillful people can sometimes make mistakes.

A penny saves the ruble.
To accumulate a lot, you must not neglect the little.

The hut is red not in its corners, but in its pies.
The owner of the house is valued not by wealth, but by hospitality.

Who seeks will always find.
When a person really tries to search, he really finds.

Whoever gets up early, God gives him.
He who is not lazy to get up early will have a longer day and a more luxuriant harvest.

Where the needle goes, so goes the thread.
About a person dependent on someone or about close attachment to each other.

Strike while the iron is hot.
While the opportunity allows, it is better to act, otherwise it may not exist later.

The chicken pecks one grain at a time, but is full.
By doing something regularly, even if only a little at a time, you can achieve results.

You can't break through walls with your forehead.
It is impossible to go against the authorities.

They don't hit someone who is lying down.
It is not customary to finish off someone who is injured or in trouble.

A fly in the ointment.
When everything is good, any, even minor, dirty trick can ruin everything.

Better the bitter truth than a sweet lie.
You won't get far with a lie, unlike the truth, no matter what it is.

Better to see once than hear a hundred times.
You should not believe words, you should only look at actions.

Better late than never.
It is better to do something at least someday than not to do it at all.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
It is better to have something small and quite accessible than something large and difficult to achieve.

Love for all ages.
A person has the ability to fall in love at absolutely any age.

If you like to ride, you also like to carry a sled.
To achieve something in your life, make an effort.

The less you know the better you sleep.
The more you know, the more excitement and worry there is.

The world is not without good people.
There will always be generous people with a desire to help in someone else's troubles.

Young is green.
Young people, unlike adults, are not mature enough in their knowledge.

Silent means consent.
Silence is like an assumption of an affirmative answer.

Moscow was not built in a day.
Everything complex and perfect is never given at once, only with a gain of experience.

In the absence of fish, cancer is a fish.
In the absence of something better, something worse may come in handy.

Trust in God, and don’t make a mistake yourself.
You should not rely solely on God when doing anything. Do everything yourself, and God only supports.

Every man to his own taste.
Tastes and preferences of different people may differ from each other.

You can't please everyone.
You can't please everyone, no matter what you do. Even if you are an angel, someone may not like the rustling of your wings.

Simplicity is enough for every wise man.
No matter how wise and perspicacious a person is, he can be deceived.

The animal runs towards the catcher.
It is easier for those who are brave, persistent, and stubborn to achieve anything they want.

There is no trial.
About the humble acceptance of the absence of something or the refusal of a request.

They carry water to the offended.
A person is forced to be able to forgive. A offended person doesn't look interesting to anyone.

Hope dies last.
Even with disappointment or complete failure, there is still hope for the best.

Gruzdev called himself get in the body.
If you boast or promise to do something, do it.

You won't be nice by force.
No one can be forced to love against their will.

It is not God who burns the pots.
Each person is doomed to cope with his tasks himself, and not rely only on God alone.

Don't sit in your own sleigh.
Equivalent to the expression “Mind your own business.”

Not everything is Maslenitsa, there is also Lent.
Life is not always a holiday. It comes in changeable stripes.

All that glitters is not gold.
Any thing or entity, no matter how beautiful it looks, is not defined only by external signs. The internal signs are more important.

If you don't know the ford, don't go into the water.
Before you do anything, you should know how it is done.

Don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends.
Money disappears the first time you go to the store, but friends remain forever.

It is not the place that makes the person, but the person the place.
A person with a bad position can be an excellent worker, but with a good position - vice versa.

Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
While there is an opportunity, it is better to carry out your plans right away, in order to avoid acquiring laziness and regret.

Don't spit in the well - you'll need some water to drink.
You should not spoil your relationship with a person, no matter what he is. But in the future it can turn out to be very useful, and even save a life.

Not caught - not a thief, not caught - not cheated.
A person is not guilty of an offense until proven guilty.

Don't dig a hole for someone else - you yourself will fall into it.
A person who does bad things to another person suffers himself, having encountered the consequences of his own actions.

Don't cut the branch you're sitting on.
Don’t do stupid things and evil, because you yourself can choke on the same thing.

The devil is not as scary as he is painted.
An indication of exaggeration of the significance of any negative phenomenon.

Man does not live by bread alone.
A person not only has material qualities, but also spiritual.

There is no smoke without fire.
Nothing happens just like that, for example, there is no gossip without reason.

Every cloud has a silver lining.
For any difficult situation You can always extract something pleasant and useful.

Burnt on milk - blows on the water.
Having made a mistake once, in the future you become more careful and prudent.

There is safety in numbers.
It is more difficult to withstand something alone, to win a fight, than with someone else.

One head is good, but two are even better.
Two people will be able to solve any problem better and faster, unlike one.

One swallow does not make spring.
The very first and only sign of a phenomenon is not the phenomenon itself.

From love to hate one step.
It won't be difficult to anger a person and make him hate you.

No one is immune from the event.
No matter how hard you try to prevent trouble, it can still happen.

It's a double-edged sword.
For every desired action there is a reaction.

The first pancake is lumpy.
Anything doesn't always work out really well the first time.

Stretch your legs along the clothes.
About living according to your means, income, in accordance with your capabilities.

They meet you by their clothes, they see them off by their intelligence.
A meeting with a person is valued according to external signs, and parting is valued according to internal, mental ones.

Even a sword does not cut a guilty head.
Those who voluntarily admit their guilt should not be seriously punished.

Repetition is the mother of learning.
The more you repeat, the better you know.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.
If you do nothing, nothing will come of it.

Until the thunder strikes, the man will not cross himself.
A person will drag out his illness or other problem until the last moment, until it resolves completely.

Trying is not torture, and demand is not a problem.
There is nothing stopping you from at least trying to do something rather than not doing it at all.

After a fight they don’t wave their fists.
It is unacceptable to change anything when it is too late.

If you hurry, you will make people laugh.
Any task should be done calmly, slowly, in order to avoid a funny situation.

Forewarned is forearmed.
What you are warned about, you are ready for.

When trouble comes, open the gate.
Misfortune never comes alone. Therefore, you need to be more careful and prepared for anything.

The frightened crow is afraid of the bush.
If a person is truly scared, he will be afraid of everything that surrounds him.

For a drunk, the sea is knee-deep, and the puddle is up to his ears.
A drunk person is drawn to actions that he would never dare to do if he were sober.

Once a year the stick shoots.
Very rarely, but still the impossible may well become possible.

One born to crawl cannot fly.
If a person is born a fool, then he will die a fool.

Fish looks for where it is deeper, and man looks for where it is better.
About people who want better devices for their lives.

The fish rots from the head.
If the government is bad, so will its subordinates.

Birds of a feather flock together.
Close people easily find a common language.

To live with wolves is to howl like a wolf.
When joining any community, life according to their principles is not excluded.

Out of sight, out of mind.
The human principle is to forget someone with whom you do not see or communicate.

Whoever you hang out with, that's how you'll gain.
Whom you communicate with, make friends with, you adopt his views, habits, etc.

With your loved one and in the hut is paradise.
It’s good to be with your loved one anywhere and under any conditions.

The light did not converge like a wedge.
If everything is good at a certain facility, you shouldn’t make do with it alone.

Our people - we will be numbered.
Close people are doomed to help each other without asking for anything in return.

I can't bear my own burden.
What you personally receive is easier to bear, unlike the tolerability of someone else’s.

Your shirt is closer to your body.
Your own interests are more important than the interests of other people.

A holy place is never empty.
If a good place becomes empty and is immediately occupied by someone else.

Seven do not wait for one.
They won’t wait for one latecomer when everyone is already gathered and ready for business.

Seven times measure cut once.
Before you do anything, you must first think carefully, provide for everything, in order to avoid an accident.

Lawless Heart.
About the inability to control your feelings.

No matter how much you feed the wolf, he still looks into the forest.
It is impossible to change the natural instincts and inclinations of another person.

Soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done.
About foreshadowing something, like in a fairy tale, it’s quick and easy, but in reality it’s more complicated.

Miser pays twice.
Unlike buying a cheap thing and then buying an expensive one because the cheap one breaks down soon, it is better to immediately buy an expensive and high-quality thing for a long time.

Tears of sorrow will not help.
Don't be discouraged if you can get rid of grief. And if the problem is inevitable, there is no point in shedding tears.

The word is not a sparrow; if it flies out, you won’t catch it.
Once you find yourself in an awkward situation and say a bad word, it is impossible to go back.

The word is silver, silence is gold.
It is a matter of honor to say something useful, but it is better to remain silent about useless and empty chatter.

The earth is full of rumors.
Man knows secret information thanks to rumors.

A dog can be a biter from a dog's life.
An unkind, aggressive person often becomes like this due to the conditions of his life: from a lack of love, care from people around him, frequent misfortunes, etc.

He ate the dog and choked on his tail.
It is impossible to do anything big without tripping over a small thing.

There are no boundaries for perfection.
No matter how hard you try to improve the situation, you can always do better.

Nightingales are not fed fables.
Talking cannot feed those who are hungry. He should be offered food.

An old bird is not caught with chaff.
Experienced person It’s hard to outwit something, to lead you into a dead end.

An old friend is better than two new ones.
Old, proven, long-familiar, predictable is much more reliable, as opposed to new, unfamiliar, not yet tested by everyday situations.

The well-fed cannot understand the hungry.
The difficulty of one is incomprehensible to another until he stoops to this difficulty himself.

Patience and a little effort.
Patience and perseverance in work will overcome all obstacles.

Be patient, Cossack - you will become an ataman!
Encouragement to become a patient person when any difficulty is nothing.

Three doctors are no better than one.
Similar to the proverb Too many cooks spoil the broth.

Too many cooks spoil the broth.
How more people When they take on one task, the less attention is paid to it.

Fear has big eyes.
About fearful people who perceive everything small and insignificant as large and terrible.

An agreement (agreement) is more valuable than money.
A respectful contract, unlike money, can be lost forever. Its terms and conditions must be strictly adhered to.

A drowning man clutches at a straw.
A person in trouble is ready to do anything to save himself. Even if the method does not give much results.

The morning is wiser than the evening.
In the morning, decisions are made more effectively, as opposed to a tired evening.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
Learning is the path to knowledge, achievements, success. And lack of learning is the cause of developmental retardation and lack of culture.

Well, where we do not.
Often a person underestimates where he is now and overestimates the features of the place where he has not yet been.

The bad (bad) grass is out of the field.
You should get rid of anything harmful or unnecessary so that things go faster.

Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.
The success of any business can only be said if it has a visible result.

Man is the architect of his own happiness.
To be happy, you need to do something, and not wait until it comes on its own.

Man proposes, but God disposes.
You should not be one hundred percent sure of the success of an action or enterprise that has not yet taken place.

Whatever you boast about, you will be left without.
A person who talks a lot about his happiness remains without it.

What the hell is not joking (while God sleeps).
Anything can happen, anything can happen.

What we have, we don’t keep, and when we lose it, we cry.
True Value something or someone is noticed when we are deprived of it.

What is written with a pen cannot be cut down with an axe.
What is written, once it has become known, cannot be changed.

What goes around comes around.
Good or evil done by someone returns over time.

To get to know a person, you have to eat a ton of salt with him.
To get to know a person well, you need to live with him for a long time, overcoming various difficulties in life with him.

Someone else's soul is darkness.
No matter how well we know a person, his thoughts will always be a mystery. And a person’s external appearance is not always a reflection of his soul.

I’ll take away someone else’s trouble with my hands, but I won’t apply my mind to mine.
Other people's troubles seem more solvable, easier, unlike your own.

Murder will out.
The secret always becomes clear. And the lie will definitely come out over time.

Cabbage soup and porridge are our food.
About the habit of eating simple food.

The apple never falls far from the tree.
What parents are like, their children have the same mentality.

The language will take you to Kyiv.
By asking people you can get anywhere.

Teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
An inexperienced person can teach little to an experienced one.