Nobel laureates in literature. Russian literary awards: who receives them and for what?
Nobel Prize– one of the most prestigious world prizes is awarded annually for outstanding Scientific research, revolutionary inventions or major contributions to culture or society.
On November 27, 1895, A. Nobel drew up a will, which provided for the allocation of certain Money for award awards in five areas: physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine, literature and contributions to world peace. And in 1900, the Nobel Foundation was created - a private, independent, non-governmental organization with an initial capital of 31 million Swedish crowns. Since 1969, on the initiative of the Swedish Bank, awards have also been made prizes in economics.
Since the establishment of the awards, strict rules for selecting laureates have been in place. Intellectuals from all over the world participate in the process. Thousands of minds work to ensure that the most worthy candidate receives the Nobel Prize.
In total, to date, five Russian-speaking writers have received this award.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin(1870-1953), Russian writer, poet, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933 “for the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose.” In his speech when presenting the prize, Bunin noted the courage of the Swedish Academy, which honored the emigrant writer (he emigrated to France in 1920). Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is the greatest master of Russian realistic prose.
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak(1890-1960), Russian poet, laureate of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature “for outstanding services to modern lyric poetry and to the field of great Russian prose.” He was forced to refuse the award under threat of expulsion from the country. The Swedish Academy recognized Pasternak's refusal of the prize as forced and in 1989 awarded a diploma and medal to his son.
Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov(1905-1984), Russian writer, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature “for the artistic strength and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia.” In his speech during the awards ceremony, Sholokhov said his goal was to “extol the nation of workers, builders and heroes.” Having started out as a realistic writer who was not afraid to show deep life contradictions, Sholokhov in some of his works found himself captive of socialist realism.
Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn(1918-2008), Russian writer, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the moral strength derived from the tradition of great Russian literature." The Soviet government considered the decision of the Nobel Committee “politically hostile,” and Solzhenitsyn, fearing that after his trip, returning to his homeland would be impossible, accepted the award, but did not attend the award ceremony. In his artistic literary works, he, as a rule, touched upon acute socio-political issues, actively opposing communist ideas, the political system of the USSR and the policies of its authorities.
Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky(1940-1996), poet, laureate of the 1987 Nobel Prize in Literature “for his multifaceted creativity, marked by acuteness of thought and deep poetry.” In 1972 he was forced to emigrate from the USSR and lived in the USA ( world encyclopedia calls it American). I.A. Brodsky is the youngest writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. The peculiarities of the poet's lyrics are the understanding of the world as a single metaphysical and cultural whole, the identification of the limitations of man as a subject of consciousness.
If you want to get more specific information about the life and work of Russian poets and writers, to get to know their works better, online tutors We are always happy to help you. Online teachers will help you analyze a poem or write a review about the work of the selected author. Training is based on a specially developed software. Qualified teachers provide assistance in completing homework and explaining incomprehensible material; help prepare for the State Exam and the Unified State Exam. The student chooses for himself whether to conduct classes with the selected tutor for a long time, or to use the teacher’s help only in specific situations when difficulties arise with a certain task.
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Dedicated to the great Russian writers.
From October 21 to November 21, 2015, the Library and Information Complex invites you to an exhibition dedicated to the works of Nobel laureates in literature from Russia and the USSR.
A Belarusian writer received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2015. The award was awarded to Svetlana Alexievich with the following wording: “For her polyphonic creativity - a monument to suffering and courage in our time.” At the exhibition we also presented works by Svetlana Alexandrovna.
The exhibition can be viewed at the address: Leningradsky Prospekt, 49, 1st floor, room. 100.
The prizes, established by the Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, are considered the most honorable in the world. They are awarded annually (since 1901) for outstanding work in the field of medicine or physiology, physics, chemistry, for literary works, for contributions to strengthening peace, economics (since 1969).
The Nobel Prize in Literature is an award for achievements in the field of literature, awarded annually by the Nobel Committee in Stockholm on December 10. According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, the following persons can nominate candidates: members of the Swedish Academy, other academies, institutes and societies with similar tasks and goals; university professors of literary history and linguistics; Nobel Prize laureates in literature; chairmen of authors' unions representing literary creativity in the respective countries.
Unlike laureates of other prizes (for example, physics and chemistry), the decision to award the Nobel Prize in Literature is made by members of the Swedish Academy. The Swedish Academy unites 18 Swedish figures. The Academy includes historians, linguists, writers and one lawyer. They are known in society as "Eighteen". Membership in the academy is for life. After the death of one of the members, the academicians elect a new academician by secret vote. The Academy selects a Nobel Committee from among its members. It is he who deals with the issue of awarding the prize.
Nobel laureates in literature from Russia and the USSR :
- I. A. Bunin(1933 "For the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose")
- B.L. Parsnip(1958 "For significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel")
- M. A. Sholokhov(1965 "For the artistic strength and honesty with which he depicted in his Don epic historical era in the life of the Russian people")
- A. I. Solzhenitsyn(1970 "For the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature")
- I. A. Brodsky(1987 "For comprehensive creativity, imbued with clarity of thought and passion of poetry")
Russian literature laureates are people with different, sometimes opposing, views. I. A. Bunin and A. I. Solzhenitsyn are staunch opponents of Soviet power, and M. A. Sholokhov, on the contrary, is a communist. However, the main thing they have in common is their undoubted talent, for which they were awarded Nobel Prizes.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is a famous Russian writer and poet, an outstanding master of realistic prose, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1920, Bunin emigrated to France.
The most difficult thing for a writer in exile is to remain himself. It happens that, having left his homeland due to the need to make dubious compromises, he is again forced to kill his spirit in order to survive. Fortunately, Bunin escaped this fate. Despite any trials, Bunin always remained true to himself.
In 1922, Ivan Alekseevich’s wife, Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, wrote in her diary that Romain Rolland nominated Bunin for the Nobel Prize. From then on, Ivan Alekseevich lived with hopes that someday he would be awarded this prize. 1933 All newspapers in Paris came out on November 10 with large headlines: “Bunin - Nobel laureate.” Every Russian in Paris, even the loader at the Renault plant, who had never read Bunin, took this as a personal holiday. Because my compatriot turned out to be the best, the most talented! In the Parisian taverns and restaurants that evening there were Russians, who sometimes drank for “one of their own” with their last pennies.
On the day the prize was awarded, November 9, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin watched the “cheerful stupidity” “Baby” in the cinema. Suddenly the darkness of the hall was cut through by a narrow beam of a flashlight. They were looking for Bunin. He was called by telephone from Stockholm.
“And immediately my whole old life ends. I go home quite quickly, but without feeling anything other than regret that I was not able to watch the film. But no. I can’t help but believe: the whole house is glowing with lights. And my heart squeezes with some kind of sadness ... Some kind of turning point in my life,” recalled I. A. Bunin.
Exciting days in Sweden. IN concert hall in the presence of the king, after the report of the writer, member of the Swedish Academy Peter Hallström on the work of Bunin, he was presented with a folder with a Nobel diploma, a medal and a check for 715 thousand French francs.
When presenting the award, Bunin noted that the Swedish Academy acted very bravely by awarding the emigrant writer. Among the contenders for this year’s prize was another Russian writer, M. Gorky, however, largely thanks to the publication of the book “The Life of Arsenyev” by that time, the scales nevertheless tipped in the direction of Ivan Alekseevich.
Returning to France, Bunin feels rich and, sparing no expense, distributes “benefits” to emigrants and donates funds to support various societies. Finally, on the advice of well-wishers, he invests the remaining amount in a “win-win business” and is left with nothing.
Bunin’s friend, poet and prose writer Zinaida Shakhovskaya, in her memoir book “Reflection,” noted: “With skill and a small amount of practicality, the prize should have been enough to last. But the Bunins did not buy either an apartment or a villa...”
Unlike M. Gorky, A. I. Kuprin, A. N. Tolstoy, Ivan Alekseevich did not return to Russia, despite the admonitions of the Moscow “messengers”. I never came to my homeland, not even as a tourist.
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (1890-1960) was born in Moscow into a family famous artist Leonid Osipovich Pasternak. Mother, Rosalia Isidorovna, was a talented pianist. Maybe that’s why, as a child, the future poet dreamed of becoming a composer and even studied music with Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin. However, the love of poetry won out. B. L. Pasternak's fame was brought by his poetry, and his bitter trials by "Doctor Zhivago", a novel about the fate of the Russian intelligentsia.
The editors of the literary magazine, to which Pasternak offered the manuscript, considered the work anti-Soviet and refused to publish it. Then the writer transferred the novel abroad, to Italy, where it was published in 1957. The very fact of publication in the West was sharply condemned by Soviet creative colleagues, and Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union. However, it was Doctor Zhivago that made Boris Pasternak a Nobel laureate. The writer was nominated for the Nobel Prize starting in 1946, but was awarded it only in 1958, after the release of the novel. The conclusion of the Nobel Committee says: "... for significant achievements both in modern lyric poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition."
At home, the award of such an honorary prize to an “anti-Soviet novel” aroused the indignation of the authorities, and under the threat of deportation from the country, the writer was forced to refuse the award. Only 30 years later, his son, Evgeniy Borisovich Pasternak, received a diploma and a Nobel laureate medal for his father.
The fate of another Nobel laureate, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, is no less dramatic. He was born in 1918 in Kislovodsk, and his childhood and youth were spent in Novocherkassk and Rostov-on-Don. After graduating from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Rostov University, A.I. Solzhenitsyn taught and at the same time studied by correspondence at the Literary Institute in Moscow. When the Great Patriotic War began, the future writer went to the front.
Shortly before the end of the war, Solzhenitsyn was arrested. The reason for the arrest was critical remarks against Stalin, found by military censorship in Solzhenitsyn's letters. He was released after Stalin's death (1953). In 1962, the magazine "New World" published the first story - "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", telling about the life of prisoners in the camp. Literary magazines refused to publish most of the subsequent works. There was only one explanation: anti-Soviet orientation. However, the writer did not give up and sent the manuscripts abroad, where they were published. Alexander Isaevich did not limit himself to literary activities - he fought for the freedom of political prisoners in the USSR, and sharply criticized the Soviet system.
The literary works and political position of A. I. Solzhenitsyn were well known abroad, and in 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. The writer did not go to Stockholm for the award ceremony: he was not allowed to leave the country. Representatives of the Nobel Committee, who wanted to present the prize to the laureate at home, were not allowed into the USSR.
In 1974, A.I. Solzhenitsyn was expelled from the country. First he lived in Switzerland, then moved to the USA, where, with a significant delay, he was awarded the Nobel Prize. Such works as “In the First Circle”, “The Gulag Archipelago”, “August 1914”, “Cancer Ward” were published in the West. In 1994, A. Solzhenitsyn returned to his homeland, traveling across all of Russia, from Vladivostok to Moscow.
The fate of Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov, the only one Russian laureates Nobel Prize in Literature, who was supported government bodies. M. A. Sholokhov (1905-1980) was born in the south of Russia, on the Don - in the center of the Russian Cossacks. My small homeland- the village of Kruzhilin of the village of Veshenskaya - he later described it in many works. Sholokhov graduated from only four classes of the gymnasium. He actively participated in the events of the civil war, led a food detachment that took away the so-called surplus grain from rich Cossacks.
Already in his youth, the future writer felt a penchant for literary creativity. In 1922, Sholokhov came to Moscow, and in 1923 he began publishing his first stories in newspapers and magazines. In 1926, the collections “Don Stories” and “Azure Steppe” were published. Work on “The Quiet Don” - a novel about the life of the Don Cossacks during the Great Turning Point (the First World War, revolutions and civil war) - began in 1925. The first part of the novel was published in 1928, and Sholokhov completed it in the 30s . "Quiet Don" became the pinnacle of the writer's creativity, and in 1965 he was awarded the Nobel Prize "for the artistic strength and completeness with which he epic work about the Don reflected a historical phase in the life of the Russian people." "Quiet Don" has been translated in 45 countries around the world into several dozen languages.
By the time he received the Nobel Prize, Joseph Brodsky’s bibliography included six collections of poems, the poem “Gorbunov and Gorchakov”, the play “Marble”, many essays (written mainly in English language). However, in the USSR, from where the poet was expelled in 1972, his works were distributed mainly in samizdat, and he received the prize while already a citizen of the United States of America.
A spiritual connection with his homeland was important to him. He kept Boris Pasternak's tie as a relic and even wanted to wear it to the Nobel Prize ceremony, but protocol rules did not allow it. Nevertheless, Brodsky still came with Pasternak’s tie in his pocket. After perestroika, Brodsky was invited to Russia more than once, but he never came to his homeland, which rejected him. “You can’t step into the same river twice, even if it’s the Neva,” he said.
From Brodsky’s Nobel Lecture: “A person with taste, particularly literary taste, is less susceptible to repetition and rhythmic incantations inherent in any form of political demagoguery. The point is not so much that virtue is no guarantee of a masterpiece, but that evil, especially political evil, is always a poor stylist. The richer the aesthetic experience of an individual, the firmer his taste, the clearer his moral choice, the freer he is - although perhaps not happier. It is in this applied rather than platonic sense that one should understand Dostoevsky’s remark that “beauty will save the world,” or Matthew Arnold’s statement that “poetry will save us.” The world probably won't be able to be saved, but individual person It’s always possible.”
On December 10, 1901, the world's first Nobel Prize was awarded. Since then, five Russian writers have received this prize in the field of literature.
1933, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
Bunin was the first Russian writer to receive such a high award - the Nobel Prize in Literature. This happened in 1933, when Bunin had already been living in exile in Paris for several years. The prize was awarded to Ivan Bunin "for the rigorous skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose." We were talking about the writer’s largest work - the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”.
Accepting the award, Ivan Alekseevich said that he was the first exile to be awarded the Nobel Prize. Along with his diploma, Bunin received a check for 715 thousand French francs. With the Nobel money he could live comfortably until the end of his days. But they quickly ran out. Bunin spent it very easily and generously distributed it to his fellow emigrants in need. He invested part of it in a business that, as his “well-wishers” promised him, would be a win-win, and went broke.
It was after receiving the Nobel Prize that Bunin’s all-Russian fame grew into worldwide fame. Every Russian in Paris, even those who had not yet read a single line of this writer, took this as a personal holiday.
1958, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
For Pasternak, this high award and recognition turned into real persecution in his homeland.
Boris Pasternak was nominated for the Nobel Prize more than once - from 1946 to 1950. And in October 1958 he was awarded this award. This happened just after the publication of his novel Doctor Zhivago. The prize was awarded to Pasternak "for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel."
Immediately after receiving the telegram from the Swedish Academy, Pasternak responded “extremely grateful, touched and proud, amazed and embarrassed.” But after it became known that he had been awarded the prize, the newspapers “Pravda” and “Literary Gazette” attacked the poet with indignant articles, awarding him with the epithets “traitor”, “slanderer”, “Judas”. Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union and forced to refuse the prize. And in a second letter to Stockholm, he wrote: “Due to the significance that the award given to me received in the society to which I belong, I must refuse it. Do not consider my voluntary refusal an insult.”
Boris Pasternak's Nobel Prize was awarded to his son 31 years later. In 1989, the permanent secretary of the academy, Professor Store Allen, read both telegrams sent by Pasternak on October 23 and 29, 1958, and said that the Swedish Academy recognized Pasternak’s refusal of the prize as forced and, after thirty-one years, was presenting his medal to his son, regretting that The laureate is no longer alive.
1965, Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov
Mikhail Sholokhov was the only Soviet writer to receive the Nobel Prize with the consent of the USSR leadership. Back in 1958, when a delegation of the USSR Writers Union visited Sweden and learned that Pasternak and Shokholov were among those nominated for the prize, in a telegram sent to Soviet ambassador in Sweden, it was said: “it would be desirable, through cultural figures close to us, to make it clear to the Swedish public that the Soviet Union would highly appreciate the award of the Nobel Prize to Sholokhov.” But then the prize was given to Boris Pasternak. Sholokhov received it in 1965 - “for the artistic strength and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia.” By this time his famous “Quiet Don” had already been published.
1970, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn
Alexander Solzhenitsyn became the fourth Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature - in 1970 "for the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature." By this time the following had already been written outstanding works Solzhenitsyn as “Cancer Ward” and “In the First Circle”. Having learned about the award, the writer stated that he intended to receive the award “personally, on the appointed day.” But after the announcement of the award, the persecution of the writer in his homeland gained full force. The Soviet government considered the decision of the Nobel Committee "politically hostile." Therefore, the writer was afraid to go to Sweden to receive the award. He accepted it with gratitude, but did not participate in the award ceremony. Solzhenitsyn received his diploma only four years later - in 1974, when he was expelled from the USSR to Germany.
The writer’s wife, Natalya Solzhenitsyna, is still confident that the Nobel Prize saved her husband’s life and gave her the opportunity to write. She noted that if he had published “The Gulag Archipelago” without being a Nobel Prize laureate, he would have been killed. By the way, Solzhenitsyn was the only Nobel Prize laureate in literature for whom only eight years passed from the first publication to the award.
1987, Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky
Joseph Brodsky became the fifth Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize. This happened in 1987, at the same time his large book of poems, “Urania,” was published. But Brodsky received the award not as a Soviet, but as an American citizen who had lived in the USA for a long time. The Nobel Prize was awarded to him "for his comprehensive creativity, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity." Receiving the award in his speech, Joseph Brodsky said: “For a private person who has preferred this whole life to some public role, for a person who has gone quite far in this preference - and in particular from his homeland, for it is better to be the last loser in democracy than a martyr or a ruler of thoughts in a despotism, to suddenly appear on this podium is a great awkwardness and test.”
Let us note that after Brodsky was awarded the Nobel Prize, and this event just happened during the beginning of perestroika in the USSR, his poems and essays began to be actively published in his homeland.
The boom in literary awards in Russia is a sign of the last 20 years, but it cannot be said that they were invented only now. What if not a bonus were, for example, rings, snuff boxes and other valuable gifts, which Emperor Alexander I loved to give to writers in abundance. It is known that in 1802 alone, the tsar spent an amount unheard of at that time on encouraging writers - 160 thousand rubles .
Direct continuation imperial tradition became the main Soviet prize - the Stalin Prize. Now this is rarely remembered, but at first its fund was formed from the fees that Stalin received for publishing his works in different countries. That is, it was also a personal royal reward of 100 thousand rubles. After the death of the leader Stalin Prizes replaced by Lenin (10 thousand rubles) and State (5 thousand). This was an amount sufficient to buy a car.
The era of independent awards began in 1991 with the establishment of the Russian Booker. Russian literature then received reinforcements in the form of British money. The Booker Prize itself is of British origin, its name comes from the name of the Booker company, famous for the production of canned vegetables. In the early 1990s, Booker’s agents drew attention to the huge field of activity that Russian literature represented, but there was no clearly defined material gain being pursued. As with most other literary awards, by the way, their founders are driven more by image considerations.
“Russian Booker” did not remain the only major prize for long. In 1995, the management of Nezavisimaya Gazeta (and in fact, its owner Boris Berezovsky) established a competing award, which was called Anti-Booker. Its size was $12,001, that is, a dollar more than that of the Russian Booker. In 2001, with increased pressure on Berezovsky and the initiation of criminal cases against him, Anti-Booker ceased to exist.
But by that time, players began to appear one after another on the field of Russian literary awards. To date, their number has reached six hundred. Trud recalled the main ones.
Established in November 2005.
Prize fund: With a prize fund of 5.5 million rubles, it is one of the largest in the world. The size of the first prize is 3 million rubles, the second - 1.5 million, the third - 1 million.
Who gives money: founders are the Ministry of Culture, Rospechat, the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, but the monetary component is mainly provided by Gazprom.
Distinctive feature: awarding not only works of art, but also literature in the non-fiction genre.
Established in 2008 on the personal initiative of Anatoly Chubais.
Prize fund: one prize of 50 thousand dollars is awarded.
Who gives money: at first it was supported by RAO UES of Russia; after Chubais left there, it came under the wing of the Future Energy fund, specially established by the businessman.
Distinctive feature: only living people can become laureates modern poets. Among the laureates are Sergei Gandlevsky, Timur Kibirov, Alexander Kushner.
Established in September 2003.
Prize fund: prize in the category " Modern classic"equals 900 thousand rubles, in the category " Literature XXI century" - 750 thousand.
Who gives money: established by the Leo Tolstoy Estate Museum in Yasnaya Polyana and the South Korean company Samsung Electronics, which sponsors the award.
Distinctive feature: supports works modern authors, developing the humanistic ideas of Leo Tolstoy.
Established in 1998 by Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Prize fund: 25 thousand dollars.
Who gives money: The Alexander Solzhenitsyn Foundation, founded by the writer in 1974 and collecting royalties from all editions of his book “The Gulag Archipelago”.
Distinctive feature: awarded to writers living in Russia who created their works after the 1917 revolution. Genres: prose, poetry, drama, literary criticism and literary criticism.
Established in March 2009.
Prize fund: 700 thousand rubles. Reader's Choice Award - 200 thousand rubles.
Who gives money: established by the Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation. Part of the Book World project, led by publisher Irina Prokhorova.
Distinctive feature: created to support new trends in modern Russian literature.
Established in December 1991.
Prize fund: 12 thousand dollars.
Who gives money: main sponsor is British Petroleum.
Distinctive feature: being the first post-Soviet prize, it is distinguished by its emphasis on dissident literature. Among the laureates are Vasily Aksenov, Georgy Vladimov.
Established in 2001 on the initiative of literary critic Viktor Toporov.
Prize fund: 10 thousand dollars.
Who gives money: The award fund is formed from the funds of the investment and construction company “Vistcom”.
Distinctive feature: honors the best novel of the year. Information about which of the nominees nominates whom is open.
The biggest prizes in the world
Nobel (Sweden) - 1.05 million euros
Chino del Duca (France) - 300 thousand euros
Dublin (Ireland) - 100 thousand euros
IMPAC (Ireland - USA) - 100 thousand euros
“Miguel de Cervantes” (Spain) - 90 thousand euros
Goethe Prize (Germany) - 50 thousand euros
Writers who made the most money from awards
Lyudmila Ulitskaya
3.35 million rubles
The novels “The Case of Kukotsky” and “Daniel Stein, Translator” were awarded by the “Russian Booker” (2001) and the “Big Book” (2007).
Dmitry Bykov
3 million rubles
The biographical novel “Boris Pasternak” was awarded the “Big Book” and “National Bestseller” awards in 2006.
Mikhail Shishkin
1.3 million rubles
The novel "Venus's Hair" was awarded the "Big Book" award in 2006 and the "National Bestseller" award in 2005.
Lyudmila Saraskina
2.25 million rubles
Her biography “Alexander Solzhenitsyn” was awarded the “Big Book” and “Yasnaya Polyana” prizes in 2008.
a form of rewarding writers for significant literary works or general contributions to literature, expressing recognition of merit of this person and the influence of his work on the literary process as a whole or on its particular direction.
The mandatory components of the process of awarding a literary prize are: a) a circle of experts who formulate the number of applicants and make the final decision; b) selection criterion, i.e. formulation of the basis on which this choice is made; c) the prize itself, expressed in monetary terms or having a symbolic meaning (in the latter case, the emphasis is on the significance of the choice by one or another circle of experts) and d) the writers or poets themselves - prize winners representing this choice.
In contrast to the methods of remuneration adopted in the Middle Ages, when writers were given the status of court poets or writers close to the court, accompanied by an appropriate monetary allowance, literary awards, the practice of which became widespread mainly in the 20th century, are a more democratic way of recognizing the merits of writers . Modern awards are one-time in nature and do not formally require any further obligations from writers. However, as experience shows, sometimes receiving a significant status award—international or state—affected the writer’s further work and influenced his fate.
Prizes can be conditionally divided into a) international (Nobel, Booker, etc.) and national (Goncourt French, Pulitzer American, national Booker English, Russian, etc., State Russian, etc.), b) industry ( in the field of fiction, historical novel, etc.), c) personal Astrid Lindgren Prize International Prize in Children's Literature, etc. d) informal Antibooker, Prize named after. Andrey Bely, etc.
International literary awards. Nobel Prize in Literature (cm. NOBEL PRIZES) the most famous and prestigious annual international prize in the field of literature.
Booker International Prize(Man Booker International Prize) established in 2005. Will be awarded biennially for "creativity, development and general contribution to world fiction" and will be worth £60,000. Unlike the existing Booker Prize, which is open only to citizens of the British Commonwealth and Ireland, the new prize is open to anyone writing in English.
The 2005 laureate was the Albanian poet Ismail Kadare.
IMPAC Award(Improved Management Productivity and Control a leading company in the field of improving productivity) an international award established in 1996 by Dublin City Council. 185 have the right to nominate applicants library systems in 51 countries. The prize is awarded for a work written or translated into English. It is worth 100,000 euros this is the largest prize that can be received for a single work, and it is awarded in Dublin.
Among the recipients is Moroccan Tahar Ben Jelloun for his novel Blinding absence of light, Edward Jones for the novel Known World.
Literary daggers(Golden Dagger, Silver Dagger, Debut Dagger, Library Dagger, etc.) . The prize has been awarded since 1955 for the best detective novel of the year by the Crime Writers' Association of Great Britain open society to support detective writers. Nominations: “Fiction”, “Non-fiction”, “Story”. ( cm. DETECTIVE)
AAI(AAR)Association of American Publishers. Established by the American Writers Association and awarded for the merits of its member publishers. In 2002, the prize for the translation of fiction that promotes mutual understanding between America and Russia was received by T.A. Kudryavtseva, translator of John Updike, William Styron, Norman Mailer, Margaret Mitchell and others.
Liberty Award(Liberty) founded in 1999 by emigrants from Russia. Awarded for contribution to Russian-American culture and the development of cultural ties between the United States and Russia. The winner receives a diploma and a cash prize. The independent jury consists of three people: Grisha Bruskin, Solomon Volkov and Alexander Genis. Sponsors include Media Group Continent USA and the American University in Moscow.
The prize winners were cultural figures living in America. Among them are V. Aksyonov, L. Losev, M. Epstein, O. Vasiliev, V. Bachanyan, J. Billington
National Literary Awards. Booker Prize(Man-Booker Prize for Fiction, Booker Prize) (Great Britain) an annual British literary award for the best novel written in English by a British or Commonwealth citizen. Its goal is to support and develop the traditions of such a literary form as the novel. The prize was founded in 1969. It was first sponsored by Booker-McConnell plc., and the award was called the Booker-McConnell Prize. Since 2002, the award began to be called “Man Booker”, it is financed by the company “Man Group”. The premium has risen from £21,000 to £50,000.
Awarded to an independent charitable organization Book Fund. The winners of the English Booker were: in 1969 P.H. Newby (P.H. Newby, Something to Answer For); in 1970 Bernice Rubens (Bernice Rubens, The Elected Member); V 1971 V.S.Naipaul (V.S.Naipaul, In a Free State); in 1972 John Berger (John Berger, G); in 1973 J.G. Farrell (J.G. Farrell, Siege of Krishnapur); in 1974 Stanley Middleton Holiday); in 1975 Nadine Gordimer and Ruth Jhabvala (Nadine Gordimer, The Conservationist Ruth Prower Jhabvala, Heat and Dust); in 1976 David Storey Saville); in 1977 Paul Scott (Paul Scott, Staying On); in 1978 Iris Murdoch The Sea); in 1979 Penelope Fitzgerald (Penelope Fitzgerald, Offshore); in 1980 William Golding (William Golding, Rites of Passage); in 1981 Salman Rushdie (Salman Rushdie, Midnight's Children); in 1982 Thomas Keneally Schindler's Ark); in 1983 J.M.Coetzee Life and Times of Michael K.); in 1984 Anita Brookner (Anita Brookner, Hotel Du Lac); in 1985 Keri Hulme Bone People); in 1986 Kingsley Amis (Kingsley Amis, The Old Devils); in 1987 Penelope Lively (Penelope Lively, Moon Tiger); in 1988 Peter Carey (Peter Carey, Oscar and Lucinda); in 1989 Kazuo Ishiguro (Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the Day); in 1990 Bayat A.S. (A.S.Byatt, Possession); in 1991 Ben Okri (Ben Okri, The Famous Road; in 1992 Michael Ondaatje and Barry Unsworth (Michael Ondaatje, The English Patient; Barry Unsworth Sacred Hunger); in 1993 Roddy Doyle Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha); in 1994 James Kelman How Late It Was, How Late); in 1995 Pat Barker (Pat Barker, The Ghost Road); in 1996 Graham Swift (Graham Swift, Last Orders); in 1997 Arundhati Roy (Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things); in 1998 Ian McEwan Amsterdam); in 1999 J.M.Coetzee Disgrace); in 2000 Margaret Atwood (Margaret Atwood, The Blind Assassin); in 2001 Peter Carey (Peter Carey, True History of the Kelly Gang); in 2002 Yann Martel Life of Pi); in 2003 D.B.S. Pierre (Peter Warren Finlay), Vernon God Little); in 2004 Alan Hollinghurst The Line of Beauty).
Among the laureates of the English Booker there are world famous novelists Murdoch, Amis, Golding and others, almost half of the laureates are women. IN Lately Among the laureates, more and more people come from the countries of the British Commonwealth, Canada, South Africa, India, Australia, etc.
Whitbread Prize. Awarded by the UK Booksellers Association. Laureates receive £5,000; An absolute winner is selected from among the laureates in five categories (“Novel”, “Best First Novel”, “Bibliography”, “Children’s Literature”, “Poetry”) and receives 25 thousand pounds sterling. His work is titled "Book of the Year"
Prix Goncourt(Prix Goncourt) (France) annual French literary prize for achievements in the novel genre. The Goncourt Prize is considered one of the most honorable and authoritative in France. And although the nominal size of the prize is symbolic - only 10 euros, the writer is guaranteed large incomes, since after its award, as practice shows, sales of the laureates' books skyrocket.
The Goncourt Prize was officially established in 1896, but it began to be awarded only in 1902. The Goncourt brothers left a huge fortune, which, according to the will of Edmond Goncourt, went to the Goncourt Academy, officially established in 1896. It includes the ten most famous writers France, who receive a nominal fee of 60 francs per year. Each academy member has only one vote and can only cast it for one book. The President of the Academy has two votes.
Members of the Goncourt Academy in different time there were writers A. Daudet, J. Renard, Roni Sr., F. Eria, E. Bazin, Louis Aragon and others. The first laureate of the Prix Goncourt in 1903 was John-Antoine Naud for his novel Hostile force.
The laureates of the Prix Goncourt were Ahmad Kuruma, Francois Salvain, Amelie Nothomb, Jean-Jacques Choul.
In addition to the Goncourt Prize, in France there are such literary awards as Renaudo, Medici, Femina, and Goncourt for Lyceum Students.
Femina is one of the oldest literary prizes in France, established in 1904. Awarded by an all-female jury for the best French novel, foreign novel, essays.
Pulitzer Prize(USA)one of the most prestigious US awards in the field of literature, journalism, music and theater, since 1942 and in the field of photojournalism.
The prize was founded by the Hungarian-born American newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer. At the end of the 19th century. he skillfully attracted the attention of readers to the newspapers he published. Having lived for 65 years, Joseph Pulitzer died in October 1911, leaving an unexpected will - his last will was the establishment of the School of Journalism at Columbia University and the founding of a foundation in his name. They were left with $2 million for this.
Since 1917, the Pulitzer Prize has been awarded annually on the first Monday in May by the trustees of Columbia University. The formal announcement of the award is traditionally made by the President of Columbia University in April of each year.
In the field of journalism, the prize does not come with a cash prize, but is a gold medal for “Service to the Fatherland” awarded to the publication itself, and not to its journalists. In other areas, the decision is made by an independent jury of 90 experts. The amount of the award is 10 thousand dollars.
National Book Award(USA). Founded in 1950 by a group of publishers. The prize is awarded in four categories: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, children's literature. Prize about $10,000 for laureates, $1,000 for nominees, a statuette and a medal for contribution to American literature. Sponsor American National Book Foundation.
Prize named after Cervantes(Spain) is often called the Nobel Prize for Literature in the Spanish-speaking world. It was established in 1979 by the Spanish Ministry of Culture. Bonus fund 90 thousand euros. The prize is presented by the King of Spain on April 23 of each year, the day of Cervantes' death.
Among the award winners are the Spaniard Francisco Umbral, the Chilean Jorge Edwards, and the Spaniard Sanchez Ferlosio.
Prize named after Romulo Gallegosa(Spain) established in 1967 in memory of the Venezuelan novelist and former president country of Romulo Gallegose. The prize is awarded annually for the best novel written in Spanish and is considered one of the most generous in the Spanish-speaking world: the award is $100,000 and a medal.
Among the winners: Gabriel García Márquez for the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude.
Peace Prize named after Remarque(Germany) was established in 1991 and is awarded every 2 years in Osnabrück. Awarded for journalistic, fictional and scientific essays, dedicated to the problems of the world. Bonus fund 30 thousand euros.
Literary awards of Russia. The first authoritative all-Russian prize was the Demidov Prize in 1831-1865, awarded by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in many fields of knowledge, including in the field of literature. It was replaced by the Lomonosov Prize. Since 1856, in memory of Count S.S. Uvarov, former president of the Academy of Sciences, the Uvarov Prize was established. It was given mainly for works on Russian history, but there were also writers among the laureates. In total, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences at different times had more than 20 personal awards. The most authoritative was the Pushkin Prize, established with money remaining from the funds raised for the monument to the poet in Moscow. The prize in memory of A.S. Griboyedov was established in 1883 for new and best plays theater season Society of Russian Dramatic Writers and Opera Composers.
State literary awards. From 1941 to 1952, State Stalin Prizes were awarded mainly for literary works that met the ideological requirements of the historical moment (I.G. Erenburg for Fall of Paris, Dzhambul for poems about the Great Patriotic War, A.N. Tolstoy for the play Ivan groznyj and etc.). Since 1966, the Lenin Prize has been awarded every two years. Among the laureates are M.A. Sholokhov, A.T. Tvardovsky and others.
State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art, starting from 1992, is awarded annually in the amount of 300 thousand rubles, since 2005 its amount is 100 thousand dollars. The position of chairman of the commission is traditionally held by the heads of the presidential administration. Candidates for the prize are nominated by the editors of newspapers and magazines, publishing houses and public organizations. Among the laureates are V.S.Makanin, V.N.Voinovich, A.G.Volos, K.Ya.Vanshenkin, D.Granin, V.I.Belov, K.H.Ibragimov, G.M.Kruzhkov.
State Prize for the most talented works for children and youth established by presidential decree in 1998. Boris Zakhoder became the 1999 laureate.
State Pushkin Prize of Russia established in June 1994 by decree of the President of the Russian Federation in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin “for the creation of the most talented works in the field of poetry.” Awarded on a competitive basis annually since 1995 by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Commission for State Prizes in the Field of Literature and Art under the President of the Russian Federation. Nomination of candidates is carried out by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the federation, enterprises, institutions and organizations, public associations, educational institutions, editorial offices of newspapers and magazines. Works submitted for the prize are considered by a special commission (section) chaired by I. Shklyarevsky as part of the commission for State Prizes of the Russian Federation. In 1999, the cash bonus was increased to 1,600 times the minimum wage.
B. Okudzhava Prize established in 1998. The prize winners are poets and creators of original songs for outstanding works. Awarded in the amount of two hundred times minimum size wages, established by law RF. At different times, the prize was received by Yuli Kim, Dmitry Sukharev, Alexander Dolsky, Yuri Ryashentsev.
Booker Open Russia (Russian Booker Prize Russian Booker, Small Booker Prize) has been awarded since 1992 from the funds of a benefactor who for many years wished to remain anonymous. In 2000, his name was revealed as the English public figure Francis Green. Since 2002, the regional public organization “Open Russia” has become the general sponsor of the award. The award became known as “Booker Open Russia”.
Since 2003, the reward has been $15,000; shortlisted finalists receive $1,000.
Initially, the Small Booker Prize was a kind of branch of the “big” Booker Prize. Currently, the Small Booker is awarded not for a novel, but every year for works of different genres. Goal to encourage the most innovative and supportable areas in literary process. IN different years The Small Booker was awarded: for the best book of short stories (Viktor Pelevin, Blue lantern), for the best debut in prose (Sergey Gandlevsky ( cm. MOSCOW TIME, Craniotomy), for the best magazines of Russian abroad (“Spring”, “Riga”, “Idiot”, “Vitebsk”), for the best work reflecting the history of literature (Mikhail Gasparov, Featured Articles, Alexander Goldstein (Tel Aviv), Breaking up with Narcissist) and others. In 1999, the prize was awarded for a work that develops the essay genre in Russian literature, the laureate was Vladimir Bibikhin for the book New Renaissance. In 2000 literary project, that is, organizational activities of collecting, organizing and presenting literary texts, implementing certain ideas and concepts, was received by the Yuryatin Foundation (Perm, a group of curators of 4 people). The prize was awarded for book publishing work (publishing books by authors of modern Russian diaspora, significant authors of the province, young authors of Perm, local history literature), organization and support in Perm of the “Literary Environments in the House of Smyshlyaev” salon, where many famous contemporary writers spoke, especially for this who came to Perm, and a lecture hall where humanities scholars Georgy Gachev, Mikhail Ryklin, Igor Smirnov, Boris Dubin, Sergei Khoruzhy gave short courses of lectures.
The longlist and shortlist of the Big and Small Russian Booker are published in the fall. The shortlist is announced and commented on at a special press conference. The winner is announced in December.
In 2000, the Small Booker Prize was organizationally separated from the Big Booker Prize.
The prize is awarded by a jury that changes partly every year. In addition, every year special experts are invited to work on the jury in the area that this year is encouraged by the Small Booker.
Pushkin Prize of the German Alfred Tepfer Foundation. The Alfred Tepfler Foundation became the source of a whole system of rewarding cultural and scientific figures in European countries. The Pushkin Prize was founded in 1989 to reward writers writing in Russian for outstanding contributions to Russian literature. The prize is 40,000 euros and is awarded with the participation of the Russian Pen Center. Along with the prize, two scholarships of 6 thousand euros each are awarded annually to young writers. Among the recipients were Andrey Bitov and Evgeny Rein.
Andrei Bely Literary Prize. Established in the cultural underground ( cm. SAMIZDAT) in 1978 by the samizdat magazine “Hours” (editors B. Ivanov and B. Ostanin) as the first regular non-state literary award in the history of Russia. The names of the laureates were determined by an anonymous jury. The bonus was a bottle of white wine, an apple, one ruble (similar to the Goncourt franc) and a diploma. Among the laureates, who, as a rule, represented the avant-garde and postmodern sectors of the literary underground, are poets Viktor Krivulin (1978), Elena Shvarts (1979), Vladimir Aleinikov (1980), Alexander Mironov (1981), Olga Sedakova (1983), Alexey Parshchikov ( 1986), Gennady Aigi (1987), Ivan Zhdanov (1988), Alexander Gornoy (1991), Shamshad Abdullaev (1994); prose writers Arkady Dragomoshchenko (1978), Boris Kudryakov (1979), Boris Dyshlenko (1980), Sasha Sokolov (1981), Evgeny Kharitonov (1981; posthumously), Tamara Korvin (1983), Vasily Aksenov (1985), Leon Bogdanov (1986) , Andrey Bitov (1988), Yuri Mamleev (1991); critics and cultural scientists Boris Groys (1978), Evgeny Shiffers (1979), Yuri Novikov (1980), Efim Barban (1981), Boris Ivanov (1983), Vladimir Erl (1986), Vladimir Malyavin (1988), Mikhail Epstein (1991) .
After a break, the prize was recreated by M. Berg, B. Ivanov, B. Ostanin and V. Krivulin in 1997. According to the founders, it was given “the character of a national cultural institute, which aims to support the experimental and intellectual direction in Russian literature, searches in the field of language , reflecting changes in the mentality and speech practice of the new generation, but taking into account the experience of Russian modernism, most clearly expressed in the work of Andrei Bely, whose significance we consider unchanged against the backdrop of the most incredible changes in our cultural climate.”
Awarded in four categories: poetry, prose, criticism and cultural theory. There is also an award “for special merits”, which remains, as before, the prerogative of an anonymous jury. To the traditional financial reward is added a notarized agreement for the publication of a book of the laureate’s essays over the next year in the special series “Andrei Bely Prize Laureates.” The names of the laureates were first announced in St. Petersburg, later as part of the Moscow Exhibition-Fair of Intellectual Books, on Andrei Bely’s birthday on October 26.
Antibooker annual bonus; created in 1995 under Nezavisimaya Gazeta. Since 1996, it has been awarded separately for prose (“The Brothers Karamazov”), poetry (“The Stranger”) and drama (“Three Sisters”). Since 1997, the prize has been awarded for literary criticism and literary criticism (“Ray of Light”) and non-fiction (“Fourth Prose”) since 2000.
Aelita Russia's oldest prize for science fiction prose, was established in 1982 by the Union of Writers of the RSFSR and the editors of the Ural Pathfinder magazine. Awarded annually for the best science fiction book of the previous two years at the festival of science fiction lovers in Yekaterinburg. The amount of monetary reward is not disclosed. The first honorary laureates of the Aelita Prize were A. and B. Strugatsky.
Prize« Debut»established in 2000 International Foundation“Generation” for authors under 25 years old writing in Russian. Has seven nominations: “Large Prose”, “Small Prose”, “Poetry”, “Drama”, “Film Story”, “Publicism”, “Literature of Spiritual Search”. The winners in all five categories receive the honorary “Bird” prize.
All-Russian Literary Prize named after St. blg. Prince Alexander Nevsky« Faithful sons of Russia» established by the Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra with the blessing of Metropolitan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Ladoga with the support of the Writers' Union of Russia. Awarded in the categories “Poetry”, “Fiction”, “Documentary and journalistic prose”, “Book for children”, “Criticism and literary criticism”, “Magazine and Newspaper”. The commission consists of priests, members of the Union of Writers of Russia. Main principles for determining the winners high art style, based on Orthodox spirituality, professionalism, historical accuracy, patriotic orientation.
The prize is awarded annually in January. For first places the medal “Literary Prize named after St. Blessed Virgin Mary” is awarded. Book Alexander Nevsky", a certificate and a cash prize of $2,000. For second and third places certificates and cash prizes. The winners who take first place receive the right to become members of the commission for next year. Among the awarded: Yu. Kozlov, E. Yushin.
National Prize named after. A. and B. Strugatsky(ABC Award) established in 1999 by the Center modern literature and books" with the assistance of the literary community of St. Petersburg and the support of the administration and the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg. The award encourages “realistic trends in fiction, connections with the past, present and future of real earthly people.”
Prize laureates E. Lukin, V. Mikhailov, M. Uspensky, N. Galkina, S. Lukyanenko, V. Pelevin.
Apollo Grigoriev Prize established in 1997 by the Academy of Russian Contemporary Literature as a “professional expert prize for the best work of the year in all genres, except criticism, literary criticism and cultural studies.” Sponsors of the award are ONEXIMbank (1997), State Bank (since 1998). Nominators are all members of the Academy. A jury is selected by lot (chairmen: 1997 Peter Weil; 1998 Alexander Ageev; 1999 Sergey Chuprinin; 2000 Alla Latynina; 2001 Evgeny Sidorov; 2002 Andrey Nemzer), who determines three laureates, and then announces the winner of the main prize. Monetary support for the main prize is 25 thousand dollars, other laureates are awarded laptops and printers (writer's workstation) in the amount of 2 thousand 500 dollars each.
Ivan Petrovich Belkin Prize, established by the publishing house "EXMO" and the magazine "Znamya", the only prize in Russia named after literary hero, established in 2001. Awarded for the best Russian story of the year. The right to nominate is enjoyed by the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, creative organizations, as well as professional literary critics. Monetary reward: the laureate is 5 thousand dollars, the authors of the remaining four stories included in the short list are rewarded in amounts of 500 dollars. Award coordinator Natalya Ivanova. Chairmen of the jury: in 2001 - Fazil Iskander, in 2002 Leonid Zorin.
« Bronze snail» Established in 1992 by Andrei Nikolaev and Alexander Sidorovich as the personal prize of B.N. Strugatsky (he is the chairman and only member of the prize jury). Awarded in the nominations “Large Form”, “ Medium form", "Small Form", "Criticism/Publicism" at the traditional annual conferences of science fiction writers, critics, translators, publishers in Repino near St. Petersburg.
Prize« Northern Palmyra"established in 1994. Awarded by the jury (O. Basilashvili, A. German, Y. Gordin, A. Dodin, A. Panchenko, A. Petrov, B. Strugatsiy, A. Ariev, etc.) for literary work, created in Russian and published in St. Petersburg, in nominations: poetry; prose; journalism and criticism; book publishing. The sponsors of the award were the Credit Petersburg bank (1995), the St. Petersburg Bank for Reconstruction and Development (1996). According to the regulations, the nomination commission analyzes St. Petersburg literature throughout the year and nominates the most talented works, in its opinion. Upon completion of this work, 7 applicants remain in each section of the award. Voting takes place anonymously, works are not discussed so that jury members do not put pressure on each other.
Literary Prize named after. Alexandra Solzhenitsyn awarded by the foundation founded by A.I. Solzhenitsyn in 1997 as a reward to Russian writers “whose work has high artistic merit, contributes to the self-knowledge of Russia, and makes a significant contribution to the preservation and careful development of traditions Russian literature" The prize may be awarded for a novel, a story or collection of stories, a book or series of poems, a play, a collection of articles, or research. The permanent jury includes A. Solzhenitsyn, N. Struve, V. Nepomnyashchy, L. Saraskina, P. Basinsky, N. Solzhenitsyn. The monetary amount of the award is 25 thousand dollars.
Triumph. Awarded by the Russian Independent Foundation for the Encouragement of Highest Achievements of Literature and Art, established by JSC LogoVAZ in the summer of 1992. The names of applicants are proposed by members of the jury, as well as experts, and are not announced in advance. The names of the laureates are determined by a permanent jury, which includes V. Aksenov, A. Voznesensky, E. Neizvestny, V. Spivakov, I. Antonova, Yu. Bashmet, A. Bitov, Z. Boguslavskaya (jury coordinator), O. Tabakov, E. Klimov, V. Abdrashitov, E. Maksimova, V. Vasiliev. In 1998, the jury also included D. Borovsky, A. Demidova, M. Zhvanetsky, A. Kozlov, O. Menshikov, V. Pozner, A. Sokurov, I. Churikova. The amount of bonuses is set based on prize fund at 100 thousand dollars, after 1996 250 thousand dollars, and according to tradition is divided between five laureates. In addition to the monetary reward, the laureates receive a diploma and a medal with the image of the Arc de Triomphe.
International Sholokhov Prize established in 1993 by the magazine “Young Guard”, the publishing house “Modern Writer” (now “ Soviet writer"), MSPS and Writers' JSC. Current founders MSPS, Union of Artists of Russia, publishing house "Soviet Writer", Moscow State Open Pedagogical University named after. M.A. Sholokhova. The permanent chairman of the jury is Yu. Bondarev. The monetary support for the prize is not disclosed; the laureates are awarded diplomas and medals.
National bestseller. Established in 2000 by the National Bestseller Foundation. Prose works in Russian are nominated for the prize. The winner receives a prize of 10 thousand dollars. Among the awarded are M. Shishkin, V. Pelevin, A. Garrosa and A. Evdokimov, A. Prokhanov and L. Yuzefovich.
Prize named after P.P. Bazhov was established in November 1999 on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the writer by the Sverdlovsk branch of the Literary Fund of Russia and the financial and industrial group “Jewelry of the Urals”. The competition has actually stepped beyond the regional framework and acquired the status of an all-Russian one. The prize is awarded annually for achievements in literary activity not only to representatives of the Ural region, but also to writers from other Russian territories for works on Ural themes. Five nominations: “Prose”, “Poetry”, “Drama”, “Literary Studies”, “Publicism”. Each laureate receives a sum of money in the amount of 10 thousand rubles, as well as specially cast gold and silver medals.
Prize named after Boyana established by the Council of Governors of border cities and regions of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. The Regulations on the Prize say that it is “awarded for works that carry the light of Slavic spirituality, rooted in Slavic mythology and folklore and affirming the ideas of friendship and brotherhood of the Slavic peoples.”
Prize named after F.M.Dostoevsky was established by the Writers' Union of Russia together with the Association of Russian Writers of Estonia and the non-profit association “Prize named after. F.M. Dostoevsky." It was first awarded in the year of the 180th anniversary of the writer’s birth. The prize is awarded to writers who have made a significant contribution to the development and popularization of Russian literature and culture, both in Estonia and Russia, and in other countries.
Among the awarded were Valentin Rasputin, Geir Kjotso, Anna Vedernikova, Anatoly Builov, Rostislav Titov, B.N. Tarasov.
Prize named after Igor Severyanin was established by the Russian faction of the Riigikogu and is awarded annually to cultural figures who have made a significant contribution to the development and popularization of Russian cultural life in Estonia and Estonian among the Russian-speaking population of the country.
All-Russian Literary Prize named after Sergei Yesenin« O Rus', flap your wings...» annual open competition works of Russian poets, established by the National Foundation for the Development of Culture and Tourism and the Union of Writers of Russia in 2005. Awarded in four categories: “Big Prize” poetic works (poems and poems) are accepted for the competition, “With a Seeking Look” critical works on Russian poetry, “Song Word” texts of poems set to music (at least 3), “Russian Hope” poetry of young people (18-30 years old). No later than October 3 of the current year, the award committee announces the names of the laureates.
Contest« Scarlet Sails" behind best editions for children and youth was established in 2003 by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Press, Television and Radio Broadcasting and Mass Communications.
As the development of modern literature shows, literary awards have become an integral part of literary life, presenting unique ratings of works and writers. Of course, this method of labeling raises certain criticisms due to the subjectivity of choice, bias (when they choose “their own”), considerations of the political situation, etc. However, despite all the disadvantages, the practice of awarding literary prizes will obviously continue, since it represents a clear and affordable way structuring and evaluating literary works.
Irina Ermakova
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