Lesson topic: “Color wheel” - Lesson. Development of an art lesson on the topic “Color wheel”
COLOR CIRCLE
Type of occupation: painting, studying the basics of color science.
Goals and objectives : studying the basics of color science, determining the level of training of children; development of graphic skills, expansion of knowledge about the various possibilities of artistic materials.
Equipment: for students – watercolor, gouache, paper, brushes, palette;for the teacher – the same, methodological tables.
Literary series: poems about flowers (picturesque), about the rainbow.
Visual range: methodological tables: “Color wheel”, “Full color circle”, “Warm and cold colors”, “Contrasting colors”, “Close colors”. Selection of shades of different color combinations.
During the classes
I. Class organization. Checking readiness for the lesson.
II. Conversation. Introduction to the topic of the lesson.
– Let's first solve the riddles and read the poems.
Painted rocker
hung over the river.(Rainbow.)
Colorful gates
Someone built it in the meadow
But it's not easy to get through them,
Those gates are high.
The master tried
He took some paint for the gates
Not one, not two, not three -
As many as seven, look.
What is this gate called?
Can you draw them?(Rainbow.)
– And here is a little poetic tale:
Not in a dream, but in reality -
What's wrong with this? –
I live on a rainbow
In the purple house.
I run out in the morning
In beige boots,
Eating in the lilac forest
Scarlet cloudberry.
Dew falls from the leaves
In the dark blue thicket,
Eagle owl yellow eyes
Stares at me.
Where the nightingales whistle
In the nooks and crannies of the forest,
Streams make their way
To pink lakes
Squirrel waving behind a bush
Purple tail
White fish swim
Under the cherry bridge.
I live on a rainbow
Come to visit.
T. Belozerova
– How many colors do you know? 5, 10, 15, 100? Try to name as many as you can remember. You should get at least 6 colors. Exactly as much as is contained in the minimum set of paints and pencils: red, yellow, blue, green, brown, black. Colors are made from paints. By mixing paints, you can get much more than 6 colors.
– Where do we mix? What can serve as a palette?
There are many colors and shades in nature. Much more than the human eye can discern. And to make it easier to navigate them, people came up withcolor classifications .
Chromatic and achromatic colors.
“Chroma, chromatos” is translated from Greek as “color”.
Achromatic – not colored, it’s white, black and all grey.
Chromatic – all the rest, which in turn are divided into primary and composite colors.
The original progenitors of all colors are three colors: red, yellow and blue. This is why they were called the main ones, since they lieat the core all other colors (except achromatic). Mixing primary colors in pairs gives us a group of colors calledcomposite .
Let's mix:
red + yellow = orange
red + blue = purple
blue + yellow = green
If you were paying attention, you probably noticed that the resulting 6 colors are the colors of the rainbow. Do you know the saying that helps remember the composition and order of colors?
Everyred
Hunterorange
wishesyellow
Know,green
Whereblue
Is sittingblue
Pheasantviolet
Blue color is not a composite color, since it is obtained not by mixing primary colors, but by mixing the primary (blue) with white. In this series, composite colors alternate with the main ones. For convenience, this strip can be closed in the form of a ring.
III. Exercise.
Take a compass and draw a large circle on a piece of paper. Let's divide it into six (or 9) equal parts.
A) b)
Now let’s take 3 primary colors (one at a time) and cover with them a part of the circle (slice) after one (or two) in the following order:
– red
– yellow
– blue.
Leave gaps for the composite colors.
A) b)
Don't paint too thickly. The paints should apply smoothly, with strokes from left to right in horizontal lines, preferably with a brush No. 5–8 with a sharp tip. There should be enough paint so that it does not dry out, but not too much, otherwise it will flow down. Excess paint is removed with a brush, after squeezing it out.
We obtain composite colors on the palette using the primary colors that we have already worked with.
In circle a) there is one orange, green, purple color each, which is obtained by mixing an equal amount of the main ones. Paint over the gaps.
In circle b) there are 2 composite shades, with an excess amount of one primary color (red-orange and yellow-orange, blue-green and yellow-green, red-violet and blue-violet). Paint over the gaps. If you were careful and took your time, you should end up with the correct color wheel.
A) b)
IV. Warm and cool colors.
Take a look at the color wheel and you can easily determine where the warm and cool colors are.
Warm red, orange, yellow and their mixtures are considered. These are the colors of the sun, fire, heat. They stick together on the color wheel.
Cold – colors of the moon, twilight, winter, frost. These are blue, purple and their mixtures.
And green is a special color: if it contains more yellow, it is warm, if it contains more blue, it is cold.
Red and blue are absolute colors in terms of coldness and warmth. It is no coincidence that they are in a spectrum (circle) opposite each other, like the poles of a globe.
Contrasting colors - opposite, they emphasize and enhance the brightness of each other.
Red Green
blue – orange
yellow – violet
Similar colors – those that are nearby in the spectrum, and their mixtures and shades.
Exercise: Paint the color wheel with watercolors, starting with the main color, red, to the right.
Think about what composite colors are obtained from mixing red and yellow, yellow and blue, red and blue. Use the resulting new colors to paint the component colors in a certain order. Color the squares with contrasting colors, taking into account the colors indicated in the circle by arrows.
V. Summing up.
Completed (best) works are pinned on the chalkboard.
Homework at the discretion of the teacher.
Lesson #1. Topic: Color wheel. Color relationships. Date ______________
Educational goals and objectives:
Educational: Introducing a new technique of working with watercolors - glazing. Implementation of acquired knowledge in practical application. Formation and development of skills in working with watercolors.
Developmental: Development of students' imagination and artistic taste.
Educational: nurturing the creative taste of students.
Lesson type: learning a new topic
Lesson type: decorative drawing
Methods: story, conversation.
Equipment, visual materials: color wheel table;
illustration with a rainbow, watercolor.
Lesson structure:
Organizing time.
Psychological mood.
Communication of new educational material.
physical minute
Practical work.
Analysis of completed work.
Summing up the lesson.
Homework assignment.
During the classes:
Organizing time
Psychological mood.
I am glad to see your faces, your smiles, and I think that this day will bring you joy and communication with each other. Sit comfortably, close your eyes and repeat after me:
“I'm at school, I'm in class. I'm happy about this. My attention is growing. As a scout, I will notice everything. My memory is strong. The head thinks clearly. I want to learn. I'm ready to go.I am working
Learning new material.
Color classification
Chromatic colors
Color circle
Warm colors. Cool colors.
Absolute, contrasting, close colors.
Guess the riddle: Is the painted rocker hanging over the river? Of course it's a rainbow. And here's another riddle: Someone built a multi-colored gate on the moon, But it's not easy to get through it, Those gates are high.
That master tried, he took paints for the gates, not one, not two, not three - seven, just look. What is the name of this gate? Can I draw it?
What colors does a rainbow consist of (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet)
To remember the order of colors in the rainbow, you need to remember the saying: Every (red) Hunter (orange) Wishes (yellow) Know (green) Where (blue) Sits (blue) Pheasant (purple).
There is a classification of colors: Achromatic colors(from Greek α - negative particle + χρώμα - color, that is, colorless) Black, white and all shades of gray. Chromatic colors(Chroma, chromatos) - translated from Greek “color”.
Chromatic colors, in turn, are divided into primary and composite. Primary colors: yellow, blue, red. They are called basic because they cannot be obtained by mixing paints. Composite colors: orange, green, purple. Can be obtained by mixing two or more paints.
Yellow + red = orange Blue + red = purple Yellow + blue = green
The color wheel consists of six colors, three primary and three composite. (name them)
There are also warm colors. Red, orange, yellow and mixtures thereof. This is the color of the sun, fire, heat. They stick together on the color wheel. And Cold colors. Cold colors are the colors of the moon, twilight, winter, frost. These are blue, cyan, violet and their mixtures.
Exist absolute colors: orange and blue. Contrasting colors - opposite. They highlight and enhance each other's brightness. Red-green, orange-blue, yellow-violet. Similar colors- those that are nearby in the spectrum, and their mixtures and shades
Physical exercise.
Practical work.
Today you will get acquainted with a new technique of working with watercolors called glazing. Glazing is done by applying a transparent layer of paint over a dried paint layer.
Sequence of the exercise:
Fill half the circle with yellow paint. (1, 2, 3 parts)
Let the first layer of paint dry and fill the dry layer with red color (3, 4, 5 parts). In this case, the yellow color in 3 parts should turn into orange.
After the next layer has dried, 5, 6, 1 parts are filled with blue. In this case, 1 part turns out to be green, and 5 parts turn out to be purple.
Analysis of completed work.
In the process of students’ independent work, the teacher makes the necessary additional explanations. Errors are identified and corrected. Students' attention is focused on the need to do the work carefully, choosing the right colors.
Summing up the lesson.
Demonstration and analysis of the most successful works.
Summing up the lesson, grading.
Homework assignment.
Repeat the exercise using a different, previously familiar method – pouring.
First, the primary colors are filled in (1 part - red, 3 parts - yellow, 5 parts - blue).
Composite colors are obtained on a palette by mixing paints (yellow + red = orange, yellow + blue = green, red + blue = purple).
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Slide captions:
Color is the basis of painting. Performing the color circle “Flower - seven-color” Fine arts teacher Dorodnova V.P. Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 11 village. Golden
It is difficult to say when the science of color began. Apparently, it arose in those days when a person “saw” color and began to use paint, when the names of colors appeared and their properties were noticed. It was in the prehistoric era that basic human concepts about color were developed and the main traditions of using color in all types of activities arose. Mythologism is the essence of the relationship of primitive man to color.
In red paint, primitive man recognized blood, fire, warmth, and the sun. Filling the holes in the body of the painted bison with red paint, he believed that it was the blood of the animal. Imprinting images of hands at the entrance to the cave, he was convinced that this was a blood sacrifice to demons. Having accepted this sacrifice, the demon, satisfied and well-fed, will not go further into the cave to bother people. This may have been the basis for the deterrent effect of the “red hands”.
White paint is the mythological equivalent of daylight, milk, semen - life-giving principles; This is a model of water (clouds) that quenches thirst and cleanses the body. Light is an image of goodness and holiness.
Black color, in the minds of primitive people, reproduced darkness, the darkness of the night and the grave, decay and death, and therefore evil.
Research in the field of color has led to the conclusion that color directly affects the human psyche. For example: red – stimulates the activity of most systems, blue – calms; green is optimal for vision, orange is for digestion, yellow is tonic, purple is depressing. The color symbols are as follows: red - courage, solemnity, fearlessness, blue (blue) - sublimity, airiness, majesty; green – abundance, youth, hope; purple – mind, truth, intelligence; yellow (gold) – wealth; white (silver) – purity, innocence; black - wisdom.
Red, yellow and blue are considered primary, or primary colors - these are pure colors that cannot be obtained by mixing any others. The three remaining colors - orange, green and violet - are called secondary colors because they are formed by evenly mixing two primary colors.
colors Warm - visually bring closer Cold - visually move away
Making the “Seven-flowered flower” color wheel. “Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits”
Tasks for children
Sadness Joy Cold Heat Heaviness Lightness
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The mysteries of color have long excited people. Even in ancient times, it received its symbolic meaning. Color has become the basis for many scientific discoveries. It not only influenced physics or chemistry, but also became important for philosophy and art. Over time, knowledge about color became wider. Sciences have begun to appear that study this phenomenon.
Concepts
The first thing that should be mentioned is the basics of color science. This is the science of color, which contains systematized information from various studies: physics, physiology, psychology. These areas study the phenomenon of shades, combining the results obtained with data on philosophy, aesthetics, history, and literature. Scientists have been studying color as a cultural phenomenon for a long time.
But coloristics is a more in-depth study of color, its theory and application by humans in various fields of activity.
Historical background
It is no wonder that these sciences have long excited people. Of course, at that time there were no such concepts as “color science” and “coloristics”. Nevertheless, color was given great importance in the culture and development of peoples.
History can provide us with a huge layer of knowledge about this. Therefore, scientists usually divide all this time into two stages: the period before the 17th century and the time from the 17th century to the present day.
Becoming
Starting a journey through the history of color, we need to return to the Ancient East. At that time there were 5 primary colors. They symbolized the four cardinal directions and the center of the earth. China stood out for its special brightness, naturalness and color. Later, everything changed, and monochrome and achromatic painting began to be observed in the culture of this country.
India and Egypt were even more developed in this regard. There were two systems observed here: a ternary one, which contained the main colors at that time (red, black and white); and also Vedic, based on the Vedas. The latter system was deepened in philosophy, so it contains red, symbolizing the eastern rays of the Sun, white - the rays of the South, black - the rays of the West, very black - the rays of the North and the invisible - the center.
In India, great importance was paid to the design of palaces. Traveling around the world, even now you can see that white, red and gold were often used. Over time, yellow and blue began to be added to these shades.
Religion in color
Western Europe in the Middle Ages looked at the basics of color science from the side of religion. At that time, other shades began to appear that had not previously been mistaken for the main ones. White began to symbolize Christ, God, angels, black - the underworld and the Antichrist. Yellow meant enlightenment and the work of the Holy Spirit, and red meant the Blood of Christ, fire and the sun. Blue symbolized the sky and the inhabitants of God, and green symbolized food, vegetation and the earthly path of Christ.
At this time, the same thing is happening with color in the Near and Middle East. This is where Islam gains influence. Basically, the meaning of colors remains the same. The only thing is that green becomes the main one and symbolizes the Garden of Eden.
Rebirth
Flower science and coloristics are transforming again. Before the second stage comes the Renaissance. At this time, Leonardo da Vinci proclaims his color system. It consists of 6 options: white and black, red and blue, yellow and green. Thus, science is gradually approaching the modern concept of color.
Newtonian breakthrough
The 17th century is the beginning of a new stage in classification. Newton uses the white spectrum, where he discovers all chromatic colors. A completely different vision on this matter appears in science. There invariably remains red, to which orange is added, there are also green and blue, but along with them blue and violet are found.
New theories
The 19th century in Europe leads us to naturalism and impressionism. The first style proclaims complete correspondence of tones, while the second is based only on the transfer of images. At this time, painting with the basics of color science appeared.
Then the theory of Philip Otto Runge arises, which distributes the system according to the principle of a globe. Pure primary colors are located along the equator of the “globe”. The upper pole is occupied by white, the lower - black. The rest of the space is taken up by mixtures and shades.
The Runge system is very calculated and has its place. Each square on the globe has its own “address” (longitude and latitude), so it can be determined by calculation. Others followed in the footsteps of this scientist and tried to improve the system and create a more convenient option: Chevreul, Goltz, Betzold.
The truth is near
In the Art Nouveau era, scientists were able to get closer to the truth and create a modern color model. This was facilitated by the peculiarities of the style of the time itself. Creators create their masterpieces, paying great attention to color. It is thanks to him that you can express your vision of art. Color begins to merge with music. It gets a huge number of shades, even in the case of a limited palette. People have learned to distinguish not only primary colors, but also tone, darkening, muting, etc.
Modern performance
The basics of color science led man to simplify the previous attempts of scientists. After Runge's globe, there was Ostwald's theory, in which he used a circle with 24 colors. Now this circle remains, but has been halved.
The scientist Itten was able to develop the ideal system. His circle consists of 12 colors. At first glance, the system is quite complicated, although you can figure it out. There are still three main colors here: red, yellow and blue. There are second-order composite colors that can be obtained by mixing the three primary colors: orange, green and violet. This also includes third-order composite colors, which can be obtained by mixing the primary color with second-order composites.
The essence of the system
The main thing you need to know about the Itten circle is that this system was created not just to correctly classify all colors, but also to harmoniously combine them. The primary three colors, yellow, blue and red, are arranged in a triangle. This figure is inscribed in a circle, on the basis of which the scientist obtained a hexagon. Now isosceles triangles appear in front of us, which contain second-order composite colors.
To get the right shade, you need to maintain equal proportions. To get green, you need to combine yellow and blue. To get orange, you need to take red, yellow. To make purple, mix red and blue.
As mentioned earlier, it is quite difficult to comprehend the basics of color science. is formed according to the following principle. Draw a circle around our hexagon. We divide it into 12 equal sectors. Now you need to fill in the cells with primary and secondary colors. The vertices of the triangles will point to them. Empty spaces need to be filled with third-order shades. They, as mentioned earlier, are obtained by mixing primary and secondary colors.
For example, yellow and orange will create yellow-orange. Blue with violet - blue-violet, etc.
Harmony
It is worth noting that the Itten circle not only helps to create colors, but also combines them advantageously. This is needed not only by artists, but also by designers, fashion designers, makeup artists, illustrators, photographers, etc.
The combination of colors can be harmonious, characteristic and uncharacteristic. If you take opposite shades, they will look harmonious. If you choose colors that occupy sectors every other, you get characteristic combinations. And if you choose related colors that are located in a circle one after another, you will get uncharacteristic connections. This theory refers to a sector of seven colors.
In the Itten circle, this principle also works, but somewhat differently, since it is worth considering that there are 12 shades here. Therefore, in order to get two-color harmony, you should take tones that are opposite each other. Three-color harmony is obtained if we inscribe a rectangular harmony into a circle using the same method, but inside we inscribe a rectangle. If you place a square within a circle, you get four-color harmony. The hexagon is responsible for the six-color combination. In addition to these options, there is an analog harmony that is formed if we take chromatic colors of a yellow hue. For example, this is how we can get yellow, yellow-orange, orange and red-orange.
Properties
It is worth understanding that there are incompatible colors. Although this concept is quite controversial. The thing is that if you take bright red and the same green, the symbiosis will look very provocative. Each of them tries to dominate the other, which results in dissonance. Although such an example does not mean that it is impossible to harmoniously combine red and green. To do this you need to understand the properties of color.
A color tone is a set of shades that belong to the same thing. Saturation is the degree of fading. Lightness is the approximation of a hue to white and vice versa. Brightness is the degree of proximity of a hue to black.
Chromatic and achromatic colors are also distinguished. The second ones include white, black and shades of gray. To the first - all the rest. All these properties can affect the compatibility and harmony of shades. If you make the green less bright and a little faded, and make the red calmer by increasing the lightness, then these two supposedly incompatible shades can harmoniously combine.
Child's look
The basics of color science for children should be built in a playful way, as, in principle, all learning. Therefore, it is worth remembering the famous phrase about spectral colors: “Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits.” For those adults who are unfamiliar with this children's life hack, it should be explained that the first letter of each word in this sentence represents the name of the tones in the spectrum. That is, at the head we have red, then orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. These are the colors that enter the rainbow in the same sequence. Therefore, first of all, draw a rainbow with your child.
When the baby is very small and, of course, does not know what the basics of color science are, it is better to buy him coloring books with examples. This is done so that the child does not paint the sky brown and the grass red. A little later you will be convinced that the baby will be able to determine the colors on his own, but first it is better to discuss possible options with him.
Emotions
A very long time ago, scientists were able to understand that any shade of the primary color can influence a person’s emotions. Goethe first spoke about this in 1810. Later, scientists found that the human psyche is connected with external reality, which means it can also influence emotions.
The next step in this research was the discovery that each tone was associated with a specific emotion. Moreover, this theory manifests itself almost from birth. It also became clear that there is a certain color code that relates to a number of emotions. For example, sadness, fear, fatigue, everything can be described in black or gray. But joy, interest, shame or love are usually associated with a red tint.
In addition to its psychological effects, color has been studied under clinical supervision. It turned out that red excites, yellow invigorates, green reduces blood pressure, and blue calms. It also all depends on the properties of the shade. If it is a calm red, then it can symbolize joy and love; if it is dark and bright, then it can symbolize blood and aggression.
The basics of color science and coloristics are very complex sciences. They are difficult to fully understand, since everything here is quite relative and subjective. Color can affect one person in different ways; some people are not at all subject to shades. Some artists may find the combination of purple and yellow very harmonious, while others may find it disgusting and contradictory.
