“Types of puppet theaters in kindergarten and at home. Production of theatrical puppets

Theatrical art is understandable and accessible to children, as it is based on a game. The theater influences the viewer with an artistic word, action, color, music.
It is important from preschool years to develop in children an interest in the theater, a desire to attend it, participate in theatrical games, simple performances. Children's need for play shows up very early. Already at 2-3 years old, children willingly portray a clubfoot bear, a runaway bunny, a cunning fox. They easily, with pleasure, transform from one image to another. Their actions are one-dimensional, imitative, imitative in nature, but at the same time emotionally saturated.

Small children are grateful spectators if they are able to talk to them from the stage, taking into account the peculiarities of their development. The main thing is that parents understand where and for what purpose they can take their child. In a real theater, for example, two - three-year-old kids are too early to lead. The repertoire of children's performances, as a rule, is not designed for this age. Therefore, we propose to create a theater at home or in kindergarten. For children early age(up to 3 years old) you can start with the simplest, for example, a performance with toys, to which the kids are also involved.

New toys (dolls, dogs, bears, etc.) and without the labor of an adult at first arouse delight, interest, and surprise in the child. Over time, the novelty of perception disappears, other impressions appear, which become more significant. And forgotten toys are missing somewhere in the corners. How to help them to enter the life of the baby for a long time and become his favorites?

Children's theater in kindergarten: where to start?

From childhood, involve children in theatrical gaming activity. Become a director and create theater. For preschoolers, this is playing elementary life situations with toys, dramatization of acquaintances literary works: songs, poems, fairy tales, stories.

We advise already when meeting a child with new toy come up with a simple plot: the dog got lost and is looking for a true friend; the doll is a little daughter who needs care and love; the bear ate too much honey, he needs the help of a family doctor.

You can beat any children's toy, from simple actions with it, gradually move on to small simple plots. And later these storylines develop based on life experience. An adult also joins the game and takes on certain roles, shows a model of how to act in a given situation, improvises during the game, speaks with a specific toy, stimulates the child to think, act, respond. These are the so-called improvisational games.

Children's theater at home

If the child has his own favorite toy (Carlson, Pinocchio, Barbie, etc.), make it the main character of the home children's theater with which every day happens amazing Adventures. Gradually expand his social circle by including other toys in the game.
Don't forget about finger theater which is also very useful for preschoolers.
With the help of the chosen protagonist, you can talk about everything in the world. If he makes a mistake, does something wrong, then the kids themselves correct him and teach him. These simple improvisations bring them real pleasure. They don’t even notice that their favorite character speaks in the voice of dad or mom.
Should the child take part in the play?
Gradually, children are no longer satisfied with the role of the spectator, they themselves suggest the plot, willingly join events, play with toys, talk to the characters of stories as equals, are able to express their own feelings with facial expressions, gestures, movements, intonation.

When the child's actions with toys become more complex, obey a pre-thought-out plan, it is already possible to turn to the lyrics of songs, poems, simple and familiar fairy tales and try to play them both with and without visualization. If the text is voluminous enough, it is first advisable to invite the child to reproduce individual episodes of the work, and then the entire plot. In addition to the usual performances with toys, you can use the finger theater, which will help children develop hand motor skills.

Various theatrical performances based on fairy tales attract children because they are accessible and relevant to their interests. They contribute to the formation of initiative, independence, responsibility, the ability to distinguish between good and evil, develop speech, facial expressions, gestures, communication culture skills, provide an opportunity from childhood to join magical world theatrical art. Finger theater at preschool age will help develop fine motor skills hands

Of course, this is not a real theatre. In kindergarten, such improvisational games with toys are called “toy theater”, because its elements are present here: performing roles, identifying some character traits of characters, trying to convey them, and the like. The main thing is to include the child in an impromptu dialogue, expand it with toy heroes general actions. Thus, in theatrical activity, the child learns certain playing techniques without didactic pressure, his imagination and fantasy are activated, and elements of creativity appear.

When involving children in dramatizing fairy tales and other literary works with toys, first select together those that correspond to the chosen plot. It is important that when playing it, the characters talk, perform certain actions in accordance with the text. To act out literary works, you can use not only ordinary toys, but also a tabletop toy theater.

What toys and equipment should be bought in a kindergarten to organize a theater?

To organize a children's theater, you may need toys, characters from various works. On sale there are ready-made sets of a flat tabletop theater according to the plots different fairy tales. Such a set is a kind of model with which a child can play not only fragments, but the whole fairy tale, saying the words of each character and acting for each of them. Preschoolers perceive dialogic speech, interaction between characters well, therefore, from playing out various texts with clarity, one can gradually move on to playing roles in theatrical activities jointly with adults: during imitation games, dramatization of fairy tales, staging and reading poems written in dialogic form.

If possible, increase the number actors, involve children from older groups in creativity. The older the children, the more attention should be paid to understanding the content. artwork, features of characters and behavior of various characters who act, move, speak in their own way, in different ways.

How to prepare a theatrical performance?

It is useful to dream together about each hero, to come up with little stories. This will expand children's ideas about game images. It is important to encourage preschoolers to be creative, it can be suggested to show, for example, how hard a cockerel works and at the same time how frivolous mice dance and sing (the fairy tale “The Cockerel and Two Mice”).

Older preschoolers are already able to convey the mood, state of mind of the characters. Teach children from childhood to master the means of emotional expressiveness, that is, to express feelings through facial expressions, gestures, intonation, words, emotions. Exercise them in this. For example, you can invite the baby to show how the grandfather and the woman rejoice when the hen laid an egg and how they grieve when it broke, sing the songs of Kolobok (confidently and boldly, surprised, joyfully, sadly) or Goats-Dereza (“terrible” voice).

All this helps the child to “get into character”. Such a gradual inclusion of a preschooler in theatrical and gaming activities gives positive results. At the age of six, he can already be not only its participant and performer of certain roles, but also a “director”, who develops his own scripts and independently shows the performance of the “toy theater” or puppet theater. Can be the initiator and organizer of dramatization games among peers on the plots of familiar works of art, can transmit characteristics certain stage image and, most importantly, to realize the needs for self-expression, communication, revealing a personal relationship to your hero. Organization of elementary theatrical activities of children at home and in preschool contributes to the formation of their interest in the theater as an art form, certain ideas about the theater, theatrical terminology, aesthetic perception theatrical performances.

What can be theater in kindergarten?

Directing games include table, shadow, bibabo theater, puppet theater. An attribute is a sign of a character that symbolizes its typical properties.

Shadow theater - refers to the director's theatrical games. This is a show of performances with the help of a screen made of transparent fabric, figures of characters carved in dark color and a bright light source.

The finger theater is a show of a fairy-tale action, where the performers of the roles are hidden, and the characters are dressed on the fingers, having a special structure of attributes, this is a good gymnastics for the hands. Finger theater involves the presence of special scenery. In the course of action, they move either with one or all fingers, pronouncing the text and moving the hand.

Puppet theater is a systematic art, where art word, and a visual image - a doll, and picturesque and decorative design, and musical accompaniment.
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This good opportunity disclosure creativity child, education of the creative orientation of the individual. Children learn to notice interesting ideas in the world around them, implement them, create their own artistic image character, they develop creative imagination, associative thinking, speech, the ability to see unusual moments in the ordinary.

Theatrical activity helps the child overcome shyness, self-doubt, shyness.

Thus, the theater helps the child to develop comprehensively.

The value of theatrical activity

in children's educational institutions can and should be given to all types of children's theater, because they help:

• form the right behavior in modern world;
• raise common culture to introduce the child to spiritual values;
• introduce him to children's literature, music, fine arts, rules of etiquette, rituals, traditions, instill a steady interest;
• gives elementary ideas about the types of theater.
• to improve the skill to embody certain experiences in the game, encourage the creation of new images, encourage thinking.
• contribute to the development of play behavior, aesthetic sense, the ability to be creative in any business, the ability to communicate with peers and adults, the development of stage creativity, musical and artistic abilities of children;
• develops skills public speaking and creative community.

Versatile development of preschool children in theatrical activities

Main areas of work with children

Theatrical play

Tasks: To teach children to navigate in space, to be evenly placed on the site, to build a dialogue with a partner on a given topic. Develop the ability to voluntarily tense and relax individual groups muscles, memorize the words of the heroes of the performances, develop visual auditory attention, memory, observation, creative thinking, fantasy, imagination, interest in performing arts.

Rhythmoplasty

Tasks: To develop the ability to arbitrarily respond to a command or a musical signal, the willingness to act in concert, develop coordination of movement, learn to remember the given poses and figuratively convey them.

Culture and technique of speech

Tasks: To develop speech breathing and correct articulation, clear diction, varied intonation, logic of speech; learn to compose short stories and fairy tales, pick up the simplest rhymes; pronounce tongue twisters and poems, replenish vocabulary.

Fundamentals of theatrical culture

Tasks: To acquaint children with theatrical terminology, with the main types of theatrical art, to cultivate a culture of behavior in the theater.

Work on the play

Tasks: To teach to compose etudes based on fairy tales; develop skills of action with imaginary objects; develop the ability to use intonations expressing a variety of emotional states(sad, happy, angry, surprised, delighted, plaintive, etc.).

Forms of organization of theatrical activities

When choosing material for staging, you need to build on the age capabilities, knowledge and skills of children, enrich their life experience, stimulate interest in new knowledge, and expand their creative potential:

• Joint theatrical activities of adults and children, theater class, theatrical play at holidays and entertainment.
• Independent theatrical and artistic activities, theatrical games in Everyday life.
• Mini-games in other classes, theatrical play-performances, children visiting theaters together with their parents, mini-scenes with puppets in the course of studying the regional component with children, involving the main puppet - Petrushka in solving cognitive problems.

Forms of work

• Theatrical games
• speech games
• Rhythmoplasty
• Dramatization of songs, chants, round dances
• Usage various kinds theater
• Dramatization of fairy tales
• Theater visits
• Interaction with parents

Types of theater in kindergarten

• bibabo
• table theater
• theater on flannelgraph
• theater book
• theater of five fingers
• masque
• hand shadow theater
• finger shadow theater
• live shadow theater
• magnetic theater
• puppet theater

Types of theater in kindergarten

Organization of the center of theatrical activity

Corners for theatrical performances and performances are organized in kindergarten groups. They allocate space for director's games with a finger, table theater.

In the corner are:

• various types of theaters: bibabo, tabletop, flannelograph theater, etc.;
• props for acting out scenes and performances: a set of puppets, puppet theater screens, costumes, costume elements, masks;
• attributes for various game positions: theatrical props, scenery, scripts, books, samples musical works, posters, cash desk, tickets, pencils, paints, glue, types of paper, natural material.

Development of artistic abilities of children through theatrical activities

Step 1

1. Consistent acquaintance of children with various types of theater.

2. Staged development by children of various types of creativity.

3. Improving the artistic skills of children through experience and embodiment

images in fairy tales.

Step 2

1. Staged songs.

2. Theatrical sketches.

3.Entertainment.

4. Folklore holidays.

5. Fairy tales, musicals, vaudeville, theatrical performances.

Step 3

1. Creation of a theater group.

2. Production of decorations, screens.

3. Purchase of puppets for the theater.

4. Organization of the orchestra.

Step 4

1. Individual conversations with parents.

2. Consultations for educators.

3. Cooperation with the city puppet theater, with the Youth Theater, with the school.

Step 5

1. Search for highly artistic musical works for arrangement

theatrical performances.

2.Study of Russian folk games .

Step 6

Diagnostics of the development of children's artistic abilities.

DONETSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE CITY OF DONETSK

MUNICIPAL PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"YASLI-GARDEN № 303 OF THE CITY OF DONETSK"

Toolkit for the center of theatrical games

Fairy tale with your own hands

Goncharova Inna Anatolyevna, teacher

Donetsk 2016

Introduction

Creative activity and development creativity human being is an integral part of the socio-economic and spiritual directions of modern social structure. The word "creativity" public sense means to look for, to portray something that has not been encountered in past experience, individual and social. Creative activity is an activity that gives birth to something new; free art to create a new product that carries a reflection of the personal "I".

Children's creativity is one of actual problems preschool pedagogy and child psychology. It was studied by L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, JI. I. Venger, N. A. Vetlugina, B. M. Teplov, O. M. Dyachenko, A. I. Volkov and many others. creative personality.

Theatrical activity- this is the most common type children's creativity. It is close and understandable to the child, lies deep in his nature and is reflected spontaneously, because it is connected with the game. The child wants to translate any of his inventions, impressions from the life around him into living images and actions. Entering the character, he plays any role, trying to imitate what he saw and what interested him, and getting great emotional pleasure.

There are quite a few types of children's theater, and they all help the child together:

To form the correct model of behavior in the modern world;

To improve the general culture of the child, to attach to spiritual values;

To acquaint him with children's literature, music, fine arts, etiquette rules, rituals, traditions, instill a steady interest;

To improve the skill of embodying certain experiences in the game, to encourage the creation of new images, to encourage thinking.

Main part

Organization of theater in kindergarten

What types of theaters in kindergarten can be organized? In the pedagogical literature, it is proposed to carry out such activities with preschoolers as: table theater; bench; riding; wrist; floor; live puppet theatre. In turn, each of these species is divided into subspecies. stand theater A poster theater is a surface on which figures-characters and scenery are attached. This type includes: Theater on a flannelograph (a board covered with cloth). To organize this type of activity, you will need an industrial or self-made flannelograph and figurines-characters of the selected artwork, on which you need to reverse side attach Velcro. Thus, as the plot develops, the child is invited to attach the necessary figures to the flannelgraph. Magnetic is, in fact, the same as the previous view, only a metal board is used, and magnetic strips are attached to the figures instead of Velcro. The basis and, accordingly, the characters of such a theater are the most different sizes: from a small desktop version to a full-fledged screen for an auditorium or music room. The shadow theater in the gardens is the most mysterious and unusual for the perception of children; preschoolers enthusiastically participate in such a game. To organize this type of theater, you will need a screen (vertically stretched white fabric), a lantern or table lamp (depending on the size of the screen), and black cardboard figures. Instead of toy characters, shadows can be created directly with the hand and fingers. This view is called "theater of living shadows."

table theater The name of this type of theater speaks for itself - gaming activities are carried out on the table. Its peculiarity is that the scenery and characters should be small in order to be able to place all the necessary attributes of the game on the surface. What is a table theater in kindergarten: Paper (cardboard). Often such a finished theater can be found in any children's magazine- you just need to cut and assemble all the necessary details and you can start the performance. Magnetic is a metal board with magnets - the characters of a fairy tale. theater from natural material, for example, cones, chestnuts, acorns, etc. It is convenient to place such characters in a box of sand. " Wrist" theater This type includes theatrical activities, which require attributes such as finger puppets or toys - "gloves". There are the following "wrist" types of theaters in kindergarten: finger; glove. What is needed in order to organize such a theatrical activity? First of all, you need a screen. Its size depends directly on the size of the characters. In turn, dolls are most often made independently by the teacher. But pupils can also take an active part in the creation of characters. For example, finger puppets can be made from cardboard cones, fabric, tennis balls, and other materials. " glove puppets"can be made, for example, from a mitten or a sock, sewing the necessary elements to the base (face, hands, clothes, etc.). It is important to note that the finger theater, in addition to other advantages, effectively develops fine motor skills of preschoolers, which, in turn, directly affects the formation of children's speech.

horse theater What is a horse theatre? This term was introduced by Russian puppeteers in the 16th century. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the dolls are taller than the person who controls them. There are the following types: In the cane theater, puppets are used, which, respectively, are fixed on a high cane, and the person who controls the characters is hidden behind a screen. The theater "Bee-ba-bo" is gaining great popularity. In principle, this is the same “glove” one, since the dolls are put on the hand. The only difference is that a high screen is used and, thus, the characters are shown to the audience at a level higher than the puppeteer's height. No less interesting is the theater of spoons in kindergarten. Attributes for such gaming activities are very easy to make on your own. This will require wooden spoon. The face of the character is drawn on its convex part, and clothes are put on the handle fairy tale hero. During staging children's play little puppeteers hold characters from spoons by the handle.

floor theater The floor theater uses puppets. Making them yourself is quite difficult, so most often they are purchased in specialized stores. Due to this feature, this type of theatrical activity is held in kindergartens infrequently. But it is the puppet theater that causes a storm of emotions and delight in preschoolers. Since the kids do not yet understand the mechanism of action of such dolls, the children imagine that the toys "came to life" themselves. It is this element of "miracle", "fairy tale" that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions in preschoolers.

Live Puppet Theater But more often than others, a “live” puppet theater is organized in kindergarten. Such activities can be carried out as a lesson on the development of speech, the world around us, the study foreign language as well as during leisure time. In addition, a live theater production can be dedicated to some holiday, for example, Maslenitsa or the New Year. There are the following types of described gaming activities: mask theater; giant puppet theatre. The latter is carried out most often as a leisure activity in a preschool educational institution. The roles of giant dolls are performed either by adults or older preschoolers. Younger children can only act as spectators. Then, as a mask theater is suitable for children of any age. Even the smallest pupils have the opportunity to "reincarnate" in the hero of a fairy tale. The teacher can invite the children to retell the story that the kids love in such an unusual way or prepare a full-fledged performance for the parents. Preschoolers can make masks for the upcoming performance on their own under the guidance of a teacher, for example, in classes for artistic and aesthetic development or during leisure activities. In order to organize a theatrical activity with preschoolers, various attributes will be required, including masks, puppets, and scenery. Of course, the necessary equipment can be purchased in specialized stores. But, by offering the kids to make the necessary equipment for theatricalization of a fairy tale, it is possible not only to diversify the educational process of preschoolers, to increase motivation for labor activity but also to realize the main educational and educational goals. What can you make a theater for preschoolers from? For most species, this creative activity theater screen needed. Kindergarten usually has the specified inventory either in the playroom or in music hall. But in the absence of a screen of the required size, you can make it yourself. The easiest way to make such an attribute for a theatrical game is to stretch a thick fabric in the doorway. Depending on what type of activity is supposed to be carried out, a “window” is cut out in the material, or an indent is made from above to accommodate the characters. Screen for finger theater. To organize a finger theater, you need a small screen. Therefore, you can make the specified attribute from cardboard boxes at the bottom of which you need to cut a hole. Such a screen then needs to be aesthetically designed. It is recommended to decorate the box with universal decorations so that you do not have to make a new screen for each fairy tale separately. So, you can arrange it in the form of a forest clearing, place a “house on the edge”. Dolls for the theater in the preschool educational institution from improvised materials Preschoolers really like to make their own from unusual materials puppet characters for theatrical games. From what can such attributes be made? A teacher who practices a creative approach to work is able to make figures from the most unexpected materials. For example, a paper theater is the simplest and most fast way homemade characters. You can also use wooden ice cream sticks by pasting them with felt, foil, colored self-adhesive film. Materials for the manufacture of puppet theater characters: cardboard, making two holes for fingers in the lower part; matchboxes; tennis balls; inflatable balls; disposable tableware: plates, cups, spoons; socks, mittens, gloves; plastic bottles; natural material, etc. Thus, it is possible to organize different types theaters in kindergarten. It is important for the teacher, when planning such activities, to take into account age and individual characteristics pupils and their interests. In addition, it is necessary not only to correctly conduct a theatrical game, but also methodically correctly think over the preparatory and final stages work with children. The effectiveness of pedagogical work with preschoolers as a whole depends on these factors.

Practical part

The childhood of each of us passes in the world role playing which help the child learn the rules and laws of adults. Each child plays in his own way, but they all copy adults, favorite characters in their games, try to be like them. Children's games can be seen as improvised theatrical performances. The child is given the opportunity to play the role of an actor, director, decorator, props, musician. The production of props, scenery, costumes gives rise to the fine and technical creativity of children. Children draw, sculpt, sew, and all these activities acquire meaning and purpose as part of a common idea that excites children.

To organize such creative process the area of ​​theatrical activity is used. It is located in a well-lit area next to the music and book corners.

toys for table theater can be made of paper and cardboard. These flat toys are glued together from two parts and placed on wooden, plastic or cardboard stands. These are toys on a cone, a cylinder and a disk (our little innovation in the table theater). The image is pasted on the finished model. If you use flat images, you get a picture theater.

Very interesting finger theater. It can be made from paper, fabric, knitted from

thread. The main desire and your imagination.

I can't show you mitten theater. It is made of paper in the shape of a triangle, which

allows the toy to be stable.

Children also enjoy playing with puppets from gloves - washcloths.

The theater on plastic or wooden spoons is very interesting for children. The doll is very easy to make. The image of the character is pasted on the spoon and voila - ready spoon theater.

bibabo dolls You can buy or make your own from stockings.

In the area of ​​theatrical activities must be present shadow theatre: finger and flat. It is not difficult to make them by cutting out a character figure from black cardboard.

Caps of heroes from fairy tales or, in other words, mask theater should also be present in the theater area. Masks are made of cardboard (for strength) and, if desired, can be laminated.

To make such a creative corner even wider, you can turn on: Theater on magnets, Reed theater, costume theater

Didactic material

Didactic game The game "Play theater"

Target: Introduce children to theatre. Give an initial idea of ​​​​how the theater works, who works in the theater, how performances, the stage, etc. are prepared. To broaden the horizons of children, to cultivate interest in the new, love for the theater, the desire to become an "actor".

Equipment: the game is a stage and backstage, attributes are props for playing a scene, a performance: a chair, a table, a sofa, a layout summer garden, decoration of the room, part of the yard. Set of cards depicting people different professions theater and a set of cards depicting the activities of this profession.

Material: The game is made of cardboard and comes with a set of small toys for acting out scenes from the play. Cards from the dense laminated cardboard.

Conclusion

In our experience, we have seen that children:

1. master the skills of expressive speech and the rules of behavior,

2. etiquette of communication with peers and adults;

3.show interest and desire for theatrical art,

4. able to transmit various feelings using facial expressions, gestures, intonation

5. independently perform and transmit images fairy tale characters.

Thanks to common efforts, the life of our children has become interesting and meaningful, filled with vivid impressions, interesting things and the joy of creativity. The skills acquired in theatrical activities children use in everyday life

Introduction…………………………………..3

2. Organization of theater in kindergarten………...4

3. Practical part…………………………16

4. Didactic material……………………22

5.Conclusion…………………………………. 24

6. List of references…………………………26

Literature

1. Migunova E.V. Theatrical pedagogy in kindergarten, SC Sphere, 2009.

2. Shchetkin A.V. Theatrical activity in kindergarten Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

3. Dodokina N.D., Evdokimova E.S. Family theater in kindergarten, Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008

4. Gubanova N.F. Game activity in kindergarten Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

5. Baranova E.V., Savelyeva A.M. From skills to creativity Mosaic - Synthesis, 2009.

6. Gubanova N.F. Development of game activity Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

However, theater in kindergarten is a broader concept and also implies the direct participation of children as actors, screenwriters, and directors. Theater in kindergarten is enjoyed by preschoolers big love. Children are always happy to join the game: they actively participate in the performance, answer questions puppet characters, empathize with them, suggest.

Theater in kindergarten "grows" with the children. Acquaintance with the world of beauty begins with the first junior group. Children act as spectators, who, however, at the end of the performance are allowed to get to know the characters, play with them, put them in a box.

In the second junior group children become active participants in the stories. Finger theater or puppet theater - something that will be clear to preschoolers at this age. Scripts are usually borrowed from Russian folk tales, and child actors learn to imitate characteristic movements fabulous foxes, bunnies, wolves.

IN middle group theater in kindergarten goes to a new level. Children are invited to repeat the facial expressions and intonation of the characters. Children are involved as actors and performances are organized for parents. I must say that theater in kindergarten is very useful for insecure children. They get the opportunity to express themselves to open up, but at the same time, as if "remaining in the shadows", behind the screen.

Acting school is coming to an end in preparatory group when children are offered mise en scenes that are complex in their plot, heroes with “problematic” characters and puppets that are difficult to control, like cane or soft toys. Throughout the entire pre-school path, it is important not to leave a single child unnoticed. Everyone should have a small but role. As a rule, silent children are offered silent roles, and active children who speak well, make it possible to learn large chunks of text. One of important conditions implementation of the system of artistic and aesthetic education in preschool is the correct organization of the developing subject-spatial environment. Therefore, in each age group there should be an aesthetically designed theater and play area. One of the important conditions for the implementation of the system of artistic and aesthetic education in a preschool institution is the correct organization of the developing object-spatial environment. Therefore, each age group should have an aesthetically designed theater and play area.

Psychologists have proven that gaming activity is an integral component of a harmonious comprehensive development children preschool age. It's connected with age characteristics development of mental processes in children. With the help of this type of activity, preschoolers learn about the world around them, learn communication and interaction with peers, and adapt in society. One of effective types play activity in kindergarten is theater. In such activities, preschoolers show creative activity, realize their potential, develop abilities. Therefore, it is so important to hold theatrical games in preschool educational institutions. Such activities are organized in a preschool institution in the most different forms. About what types of theaters are in kindergarten and how to organize them correctly, we will consider in this material. In addition, let's share interesting ideas manufacturing attributes and inventory for such work.

The influence of theatrical play on the development of a preschooler

It is impossible to overestimate the beneficial effect of theatrical games on the development of preschool children. This activity contributes to:

• assimilation and consolidation of educational material by children;
• development of speech and fine motor skills;
• the formation of communication skills;
• development of creative abilities, identification of talents of kids;
• the formation of the ability to interact with others;
• the formation of a sensitive-emotional sphere;
• a sustained interest in fiction, book;
• education of aesthetic taste;
• development of such personal qualities as purposefulness, will, initiative and others.

Types of theaters in preschool

Thus, the organization of theatrical activities in preschool education solves the purposes of a number of educational and educational purposes. In addition, it contributes to the implementation of the requirements state standard, because thanks to this form of pedagogical work, children learn to independently put forward ideas, argue, show initiative and creativity.

What types of theaters in kindergarten can be organized? In the pedagogical literature, it is proposed to carry out such activities with preschoolers as:

• table theater;
• bench;
• riding;
• wrist;
• floor;
• live puppet theatre.

In turn, each of these species is divided into subspecies. We will discuss each of them in more detail below.

stand theater

A poster theater is a surface on which figures-characters and scenery are attached. This type includes:

table theater

The name of this type of theater speaks for itself - gaming activities are carried out on the table. Its peculiarity is that the scenery and characters should be small in order to be able to place all the necessary attributes of the game on the surface. What is a table theater in kindergarten:

"Wrist" theater

This type includes theatrical activities, which require attributes such as finger puppets or toys - "gloves". There are the following "wrist" types of theaters in kindergarten:

• finger;
• glove.

What is needed in order to organize such a theatrical activity? First of all, you need a screen. Its size depends directly on the size of the characters. In turn, dolls are most often made independently by the teacher. But pupils can also take an active part in the creation of characters. For example, finger puppets can be made from cardboard cones, fabric, tennis balls, and other materials.

“Glove puppets” can be made, for example, from a mitten or a sock, sewing the necessary elements to the base (face, hands, clothes, etc.).

It is important to note that the finger theater, in addition to other advantages, effectively develops fine motor skills of preschoolers, which, in turn, directly affects the formation of children's speech.

horse theater

What is a horse theatre? This term was introduced by Russian puppeteers in the 16th century. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the dolls are taller than the person who controls them. There are the following types:

floor theater

The floor theater uses puppets. Making them yourself is quite difficult, so most often they are purchased in specialized stores. Due to this feature, this type of theatrical activity is held in kindergartens infrequently. But it is the puppet theater that causes a storm of emotions and delight in preschoolers. Since the kids do not yet understand the mechanism of action of such dolls, the children imagine that the toys "came to life" themselves. It is this element of "miracle", "fairy tale" that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions in preschoolers.

Live Puppet Theater

But more often than others, a “live” puppet theater is organized in kindergarten. Such activities can be carried out as a lesson on the development of speech, the world around, learning a foreign language, as well as during leisure. In addition, a live theater production can be dedicated to some holiday, for example, Maslenitsa or the New Year.

There are the following types of gaming activities described:

• masque;
• giant puppet theatre.

The latter is carried out most often as a leisure activity in a preschool educational institution. The roles of giant dolls are performed either by adults or older preschoolers. Younger children can only act as spectators.

Then, as a mask theater is suitable for children of any age. Even the smallest pupils have the opportunity to "reincarnate" in the hero of a fairy tale. The teacher can invite the children to retell the story that the kids love in such an unusual way or prepare a full-fledged performance for the parents.

Preschoolers can make masks for the upcoming performance on their own under the guidance of a teacher, for example, in classes for artistic and aesthetic development or during leisure activities.

How to independently make a screen for a theater in a preschool educational institution?

In order to organize a theatrical activity with preschoolers, various attributes will be required, including masks, puppets, and scenery. Of course, the necessary equipment can be purchased in specialized stores. But, by offering the kids to make the necessary equipment for theatricalization of a fairy tale, it is possible not only to diversify the educational process of preschoolers, increase motivation for work, but also to realize the main educational and educational goals.

What can you make a theater for preschoolers from? For most types of such creative activity, a theater screen is needed. Kindergarten usually has the specified inventory either in the playroom or in the music room. But in the absence of a screen of the required size, you can make it yourself.

The easiest way to make such an attribute for a theatrical game is to stretch a dense fabric in the doorway. Depending on what type of activity is supposed to be carried out, a “window” is cut out in the material, or an indent is made from above to accommodate the characters.

Finger theater screen

To organize a finger theater, you need a small screen. Therefore, this attribute can be made from cardboard boxes, at the bottom of which it is necessary to cut a hole. Such a screen then needs to be aesthetically designed. It is recommended to decorate the box with universal decorations so that you do not have to make a new screen for each fairy tale separately. So, you can arrange it in the form of a forest clearing, place a “house on the edge”.

Dolls for the theater in the preschool educational institution from improvised materials

Preschoolers really like to make puppet characters for theatrical games on their own from unusual materials. From what can such attributes be made? A teacher who practices a creative approach to work is able to make figures from the most unexpected materials. For example, paper theater is the easiest and fastest way to make your own characters.

You can also use wooden ice cream sticks by pasting them with felt, foil, colored self-adhesive film. Photos of such characters for theatrical activities can be seen below.

Materials for crafting characters

What else can puppet theater characters be made of:

• cardboard, making two holes for the fingers at the bottom;
• matchboxes;
• tennis balls;
• inflatable balls;
• disposable tableware: plates, cups, spoons;
• socks, mittens, gloves;
• plastic bottles;
• natural material, etc.

Thus, it is possible to organize different types of theaters in kindergarten. When planning such activities, it is important for the teacher to take into account the age and individual characteristics of pupils, their interests. In addition, it is necessary not only to correctly conduct a theatrical game, but also methodically correctly think over the preparatory and final stages of work with children. The effectiveness of pedagogical work with preschoolers as a whole depends on these factors.