An artist depicting a military battle. Battle painting

Historical and battle genre in painting and graphics

Historical genre, which is characterized by monumentality, for a long time developed in wall painting. From the Renaissance to the 19th century. artists used scenes ancient mythology, Christian legends. Often real historical events depicted in the picture were saturated with mythological or biblical allegorical characters. The historical genre is intertwined with others - the everyday genre (historical and everyday scenes), portrait (image of historical figures of the past, portrait-historical compositions), landscape ("historical landscape"), merges with the battle genre. The historical genre is embodied in easel and monumental forms, in miniatures and illustrations. Originating in antiquity, the historical genre combined real historical events with myths. In countries ancient east there were even types of symbolic compositions (the apotheosis of the military victories of the monarch, the transfer of power to him by the deity) and narrative cycles of murals and reliefs. IN Ancient Greece there were sculptures historical heroes(The Tyrant Killers, 477 BC), in Ancient Rome reliefs were created with scenes of military campaigns and triumphs (Trajan's column in Rome, c. 111-114). In the Middle Ages in Europe, historical events were reflected in the miniatures of the chronicles, in icons.
Battle genre (from French bataille - battle) - genre visual arts, dedicated to themes war and military life. The main place in the battle genre is occupied by scenes of land, sea battles and military campaigns. The artist seeks to capture a particularly important or characteristic moment of the battle, to show the heroism of the war, and often to reveal the historical meaning of military events, which brings the battle genre closer to the historical one. And the scenes of military life (in campaigns, barracks, camps) often associate it with the everyday genre.

Igor-prince with a mighty retinue
Mila is waiting for brother Vsevolod.
Says the buoy tour Vsevolod: "Single
You are my brother, my Igor, and a stronghold!
Children of Svyatoslav, we are with you,
So saddle up your greyhound horses, brother!
And mine, long ready for battle,
Near Kursk they stand under the saddle.

And the chickens are glorious -
Knights are correct:
Born under pipes
Growing under the helmets
Grew up like warriors
From the end of the spear fed.
All paths they know
All yarugas are known
Their bows are stretched
The quivers are open
Their sabers are sharpened
The helmets are gilded.
They themselves jump across the field like wolves
And always ready to fight
Harvested with sharp swords
To the prince - glory, honors - to yourself!
Excerpt from "The Tale of Igor's Campaign".

- Active development in Russia battle genre begins in the 18th century - from the time of the grandiose victories of Peter I and his commanders. These are the paintings “Battle of Kulikovo”, “Battle of Poltava” attributed to I.N. Nikitin (c. 1690-1750), engravings by A.F. Zubov with sea battles.

Surikov's painting "SUVOROV'S CROSSING THROUGH THE ALPS"

The Russian battle genre (battle paintings) is imbued with a special spirit of patriotism, it seeks to express admiration for the heroism and courage of warriors. The victories of Suvorov and Kutuzov inspired Russian painters to write paintings and canvases glorifying the courage and heroism of Russian soldiers.
This tradition was also preserved by the battle painters of the 20th century. The battle genre experienced a new rise during the Great Patriotic War and post-war years- in posters and "Windows of TASS", front-line graphics, painting, and later in monumental sculpture.
Particularly in the battle genre and paintings of the battle painting of the national school, one can single out the creation of dioramas and panoramas dedicated to historical battles and battles.
The history of Russia is filled and full of wars and battles. In this regard, Russian battle painters created many beautiful works of art of domestic and world significance.
Paintings battle painting is one of the components of the battle genre. Beautiful battle paintings painted in oil on canvas by outstanding Russian artists are presented in the museums of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
General pathos of work domestic artists on the theme of feat of arms, performed in different techniques and genres, can be expressed in the words of N.K.

- But the sun rises in the sky -
Prince Igor appeared in Rus'.
Songs are winding from the distant Danube,
Flying across the sea to Kyiv.
According to Borichev rises daring
To the Holy Mother of God Pirogoshcha.
And countries are happy
And happy cities.
We sang a song to the old princes,
The time has come for us to praise the young:
Glory to Prince Igor,
Bui tour Vsevolod,
Vladimir Igorevich!
Glory to all who spare no effort.
For Christians regiments of filthy beats!
Be healthy, prince, and the whole squad is healthy!
Glory to the princes and glory to the squad!
(A word about Igor's Campaign)

Favorsky V. A.
to "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". 1954. Woodcut

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The battle genre (from French bataille - battle) is a genre of fine art dedicated to the themes of war, battles, campaigns and episodes of military life.

From history….. The formation of the battle genre began in the 16th century. In Russia, the active development of the battle genre begins in the 18th century. - since the grandiose victories of Peter I and his generals. The Russian battle genre is imbued with a special spirit of patriotism, it seeks to express admiration for the heroism and courage of warriors. Battle artists, as a rule, strive to convey heroic readiness to the fight, they sing of military prowess, the triumph of victory, they expose the anti-human essence of war, curse it.

What is the main thing in the battle genre?

V. Surikov "Suvorov's Crossing the Alps" The landscape of the picture: the peaks of the mountains going up, shrouded in a veil of clouds, sometimes dark, sometimes sparkling with a cold bluish sheen - allows the viewer to more acutely feel the difficulties of the transition, to feel the significance of the feat of Suvorov's miracle heroes.

B. Grekov. "Trumpeters of the First Cavalry"

A. Deineka. "Defense of Sevastopol"

V. Vereshchagin. End of the Battle of Borodino

Information "on the ground. in the sky. at sea"

Battle tank Medium tank T-62 was created as further development tank T-55. The tank has a new cast turret with a 115 mm 2A20 (U-5TS) smoothbore gun with 40 rounds of ammunition and a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun with 2,500 rounds of ammunition. The tank was equipped diesel engine V-55V with a power of 580 hp, sight GSh-2B-41 (TShS-41U), night sight TPN-1-41-11, weapons stabilizer "Meteor" ("Meteor-M"), gyro semi-compass GPK-59, radio station R-113 (R-123). Serially produced in 1961-1972. Since 1972, a 12.7-mm DShK-M anti-aircraft gun was installed on the modified turret, and since 1975, a KTD-1 (KTD-2) laser rangefinder was placed.

Three-coordinate mobile surveillance radar 1L117M Designed to monitor airspace and determine three coordinates (azimuth, slant range, altitude) of air targets. The radar station is built on modern components, has a high potential and low energy consumption. The radar has a built-in state identification interrogator and equipment for primary and secondary data processing, a set of remote indicator equipment, due to which it can be used in automated and non-automated air defense systems and Air force for flight control and intercept guidance, and for air traffic control (ATC).

An-22 military transport aircraft The aircraft is equipped with four economical NK-12MA turboprop engines with a capacity of 15,000 hp each. designs by N.D. Kuznetsov. It has a two-keel plumage, an inclined ladder-ramp mounted on different levels and allowing loading equipment both from the ground and from a platform or car body using two overhead cranes with a lifting capacity of 10 tons. Take-off weight 225 tons, maximum payload - 60 tons, normal - 40 tons, flight range with normal load - 5250 km, cruising speed - 560 km / h. Having a cargo cabin large sizes, Antey is capable of transporting up to 290 soldiers, medium tanks, up to four infantry fighting vehicles or infantry fighting vehicles, almost all types of aircraft and helicopters of front-line aviation

«Battle genre, Paintings Battle painting»

The battle genre (from the French bataille - battle) is a genre of fine art dedicated to the themes of war and military life. The main place in the battle genre is occupied by scenes of land, sea battles and military campaigns. The artist seeks to capture a particularly important or characteristic moment of the battle, to show the heroism of the war, and often to reveal the historical meaning of military events, which brings the battle genre closer to the historical one. And the scenes of military life (in campaigns, barracks, camps) often associate it with the everyday genre.

Battle genre, Paintings Battle painting, Formation of the battle genre.
Images of battles have been known in art since ancient times. The reliefs of the Ancient East represent a king or commander exterminating enemies, sieges of cities, processions of warriors. In the painting of ancient Greek vases, on the reliefs of temples, the military prowess of mythical heroes is sung. Reliefs on ancient Roman triumphal arches- aggressive campaigns and victories of emperors. In the Middle Ages, battles were depicted on carpets and tapestries, in book miniatures, sometimes on icons (as scenes of the heroic deeds of a particular saint).

The formation of the modern battle genre began in the 16th century.
By the Renaissance in Italy are the first experiences of a realistic depiction of battles. Gradually, official battles are being replaced by images of real military episodes.
In Russia, the active development of the battle genre begins in the 18th century - from the time of the grandiose victories of Peter I and his commanders.

This tradition was also preserved by the battle painters of the 20th century. The battle genre experienced a new rise during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war years - in posters and "TASS Windows", front-line graphics, painting, and later in monumental sculpture.
Particularly in the battle genre and paintings of the battle painting of the national school, one can single out the creation of dioramas and panoramas dedicated to historical battles and battles.

The history of Russia is filled and full of wars and battles. In this regard, Russian battle painters created many beautiful works of art of domestic and world significance.
Paintings battle painting is one of the components of the battle genre. Beautiful battle paintings painted in oil on canvas by outstanding Russian artists are presented in the museums of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Russian battle painting. Examples.
Paintings battle painting. Battle painting "Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword" author Sergey Prisekin
Paintings battle painting. Battle painting "Victory of Peresvet" by Pavel Ryzhenko
Paintings battle painting. Battle painting "Kalka" by Pavel Ryzhenko
Battle painting. Battle painting “Artillery in the battle of Poltava. 1709" author Alexey Semenov
Battle painting. Battle painting "Shipka" author Evstigneev Alexey
Battle painting. Battle painting “Prince P.I.Bagration in the Battle of Borodino. The last counterattack" author Alexander Averyanov
Battle painting. Battle painting "The Battle for the Shevardinsky Redoubt on August 24 (September 5), 1812 (Attack of the Little Russian Cuirassier Regiment)" author Averyanov Alexander
Battle painting. Battle painting “Borodino. 1812 "author Alexander Ananiev
Battle painting. Battle painting "The feat of the gunners" author Averyanov Alexander
Battle painting. Battle painting "The feat of Major General V.G. Kostenetsky in the Battle of Borodino" author Averyanov Alexander
Battle painting. Battle painting "Wounded cavalry guard" author Averyanov Alexander
Battle painting. Battle painting "Russians in 1812" by Konstantin Przhetslavsky
Paintings battle painting. Battle painting "On the guard border of the Moscow state" author Sergey Ivanov
Paintings battle painting. Battle painting "Defense of Sevastopol" by Alexey Evstigneev
Battle painting. Battle painting “G.K. Zhukov and I.I. Fedyuninsky at the Pulkovo Heights" author Alexey Semenov
Battle painting. Battle painting “On the approaches to Sevastopol. Feat N.D. Filchenkov 1942" author Alexey Semenov
Paintings battle painting. Battle painting “Battle of Kursk. Diorama by Oleg Ezdakov
Battle painting. Battle painting "Liberation of Kryukovo Station" by Andrey Sibirsky
Battle painting. Battle painting "The Reichstag is taken" author Vladimir Tautiev

Sea battle painting. Naval battle paintings.
Russian naval battle painting. Examples.
Battle painting. Sea battles. Battle painting "Ushakov squadron" author Alexander Ananiev
Battle painting. Sea battles. Battle painting "Battle in the Strait of Chios on June 24, 1770" by Ivan Aivazovsky
Battle painting. Sea battles. Battle painting "The Battle of Tendra Island August 28-29, 1790" author Alexander Blinkov
Paintings battle painting. Sea battles. Battle painting "Naval Battle of Navarino on October 2, 1827" by Ivan Aivazovsky
Battle painting. Sea battles. Battle painting "Naval Battle of Sinop on November 18, 1853" by Ivan Aivazovsky
Paintings battle painting. Sea battles. Battle painting "Battle of the steamer Vesta with the Turkish battleship Fekhti-Bulend in the Black Sea on July 11, 1877" by Ivan Aivazovsky

It's only small part creativity of Russian battle painters.

Battle painting battle painting

(batalistics) (from the French bataille - battle), a genre of painting dedicated to military theme: wars, battles and scenes of military life. Artists working in the battle genre are called battle painters. The image of the everyday life of soldiers and officers refers simultaneously to everyday genre(“Bivouacs” by A. Watteau and P.A. Fedotov). Battalistics is a division history painting , the circle of plots of which is important events in the life of peoples (battles and military exploits often become such events). It also comes into contact with the portrait genre: the rulers of all times wanted to appear victorious on the battlefield. Along with praise military exploits and victories, since the era Renaissance there was a second trend in battle painting: works created as a protest against the war, condemning its inhumanity; the emphasis in them is on the suffering, grief, horrors that war brings with it ( etchings J. Callot, F. Goya; "The Apotheosis of War" by V.V. Vereshchagin, 1871; "War" by O. Dix, 1929-32; "Guernica" P. Picasso, 1937).

Battle scenes already appear in primitive rock paintings. Battles and military campaigns were depicted in ancient frescoes And mosaics("Battle of Alexander the Great with Darius" from Pompey, a copy of an ancient Greek mosaic from the 4th–3rd centuries. BC BC), in medieval book miniatures, on carpets (carpet from Bayeux, France, 11th century). The true flowering of the genre begins in the Renaissance, when interest in history increased, and there was a desire to glorify the greatness of the feat and the hero who accomplished it, to show the fierceness of the fight (the fresco "Battle of San Romano" by P. Uccello, ser. 1450s; cardboards"Battle of Anghiari" Leonardo da Vinci, 1503-06, and "The Battle of Kashin" Michelangelo, 1504-06, etc.). In the 17th century the theme of glorifying the valor of heroes was combined with an interest in human psychology. In "Surrender of Breda" D. Velasquez(1634) nobility and self-respect are emphasized both in the winners and in the vanquished; shades of feelings are subtly shown. The battle genre was addressed "little Dutch", and above all F. Vauwerman: small, vivid episodes of battles are full of dynamics and apt observation, although they are devoid of scale. Representatives romanticism created dramatic canvases full of passionate indignation against the cruelty of the conquerors and ardent sympathy for the fighters for liberation (The Massacre on the Island of Chios by E. Delacroix, 1826, dedicated to the struggle of Greece against the Turkish yoke). The hopes and disappointments of the Napoleonic era were reflected in the canvases of T. géricault("Officer of horse rangers imperial guard going on the attack”, 1812; "Wounded cuirassier leaving the battlefield", 1814).

In Russia, battle scenes are already found in icons (“The Battle of Suzdalians with Novgorodians”, 15th century; “Militant Church”, dedicated to the capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible, 1552-53) and in book miniatures (“The Legend of Mamaev massacre", 17th century). In the 18th century engravings on the topic of battles Northern war created by A.F. Zubov, mosaics - M. V. Lomonosov ("Poltava battle", 1762-64). The genre flourishes in the second half. 19th century In the monumental canvases of the epics of V.I. Surikov(“The Conquest of Siberia by Ermak”, 1895; “Suvorov’s Crossing the Alps”, 1899) the whole nation was presented as a hero. Sea battles were written by I.K. Aivazovsky and A.P. Bogolyubov. V. V. Vereshchagin, who himself took part in hostilities, was an outstanding battle-player. In the paintings of the Turkestan (1871-74) and Balkan (1877-80s) series, not the heroism of victories is presented, but the unvarnished truth about the war. In the 20th century the traditions of the battle genre in Russia were continued by M. B. Greeks and master of panoramas F. A. Roubaud (“Defense of Sevastopol”, 1902-04; “Battle of Borodino”, 1911). A special place in Soviet battle studies is occupied by the theme of the Great Patriotic War (A.A. Deineka, S. V. Gerasimov, A. A. Plastov, Kukryniksy).

(Source: "Art. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia." Under the editorship of Prof. A.P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen; 2007.)

See what "battle painting" is in other dictionaries:

Military historical type of painting (battles, campaigns, all sorts of reviews, parades, meetings, etc.). Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., 1907. BATTLE PAINTING image of various moments of sea and land ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Battle painting- BATTLE PAINTING. See Battle painting ... Military Encyclopedia

Battle painting- BATTLE PAINTING. Painting and sculpture have been interested in war since their very inception. The bas-reliefs of Nineveh, the monuments of Egypt introduce us to the military. scenes of hoary antiquity. Greco Roman. sculpture innumerable. temples, in bas-reliefs ... ... Military Encyclopedia

PAINTING, painting, pl. no, female (book). The art of painting objects. Take painting lessons. || collected Works of this art. The painting on the walls is cracked. Dutch, italian painting. || The manner of the image, like ... ... Dictionary Ushakov

"Painter" redirects here; see also other meanings. Adrian van Ostade. Artist's workshop. 1663. Art Gallery. Dresd ... Wikipedia

AND; and. 1. Fine art, reproducing objects and phenomena real world with the help of paints. Oil, watercolor J. oil. Portrait, landscape Genre, battle Engage in painting. Interested in painting. Lessons… … encyclopedic Dictionary

The art of depicting objects on any surface (walls, boards, canvas) with paints, with the immediate goal of impressing the viewer, similar to what he would receive from real objects of nature. A further and more important goal... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

painting- And; and. 1) a) Fine art, reproducing objects and phenomena of the real world with the help of paints. Oil, watercolor painting. Live/paint in oils. Portrait, landscape painting. Genre, battle painting. Taking up painting… Dictionary of many expressions

RSFSR. I. General information The RSFSR was formed on October 25 (November 7), 1917. It borders in the northwest with Norway and Finland, in the west with Poland, in the southeast with China, the MPR, and the DPRK, as well as with the union republics that are part of the USSR: to the W. with ... ...

XII. Architecture and fine arts = Ancient period … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

Combat annals of Russia. Alexander Averyanov. Battle painting, Kibovsky A.V.. The battle genre occupies a special place in the visual arts. This type of painting is one of the most difficult for the artist. Getting started, the master must decide not only ...

Cardboards were ordered for future frescoes, which were supposed to glorify the military successes of the Florentine Republic. Leonardo chose the battle of Anghiari as the plot, depicting a fierce fight between riders on rearing horses. The cardboard was perceived by contemporaries as a condemnation of the brutal madness of war, where people lose their human appearance and become like wild animals. Preference was given to the work of Michelangelo "The Battle of Kashin", which emphasized the moment of heroic readiness to fight. Both cardboards have not been preserved and have come down to us in engravings made in the 16th-17th centuries. according to the drawings of artists who copied these scenes in early XVI V. Nevertheless, their influence on the subsequent development of European battle painting was very significant. We can say that it is with these works that the formation of the battle genre begins. The French word "bataille" means "battle". From him the genre of fine art, dedicated to the themes of war and military life, got its name. The main place in the battle genre is occupied by scenes of battles and military campaigns. Battle artists strive to convey the pathos and heroism of the war. Often they manage to reveal the historical meaning of military events. In this case, the works of the battle genre are approaching historical genre(for example, "Surrender of Breda" by D. Velasquez, 1634-1635, Prado, Madrid), rising to high level generalizations of the depicted event, (cardboard by Leonardo da Vinci) (“Suppression of the Indian uprising by the British” by V.V. Vereshchagin, c. 1884; “Guernica” by P. Picasso, 1937, Prado, Madrid). The battle genre also includes works depicting scenes of military life (life in campaigns, camps, barracks). I recorded these scenes with great observation. french artist 18th century A. Watteau ("Military rest", "The hardships of war", both in the State Hermitage).

Images of scenes of battles and military life have been known since ancient times. Various allegorical and symbolic works glorifying the image of the victorious king were widespread in the art of the Ancient East (for example, reliefs depicting Assyrian kings besieging enemy fortresses), in ancient art (a copy of the mosaic of the battle between Alexander the Great and Darius, IV-III centuries BC), in medieval miniatures.

In the Middle Ages, battles were depicted in European and Oriental book miniatures ("Facebook Chronicle", Moscow, 16th century), sometimes on icons; images on fabrics are also known ("Carpet from Bayeux" with scenes of the conquest of England by the Norman feudal lords, about 1073-83); numerous battle scenes in the reliefs of China and Kampuchea, Indian paintings, Japanese painting. In the XV-XVI centuries, during the Renaissance in Italy, images of battles were created by Paolo Uccello, Piero della Francesca. Heroic generalization and great ideological content battle scenes were received in cardboard for frescoes by Leonardo da Vinci ("Battle of Anghiari", 1503-06), who showed the fierce fierceness of the battle, and Michelangelo ("Battle of Kashin", 1504-06), who emphasized the heroic readiness of warriors to fight. Titian (the so-called "Battle of Cadore", 1537-38) introduced a real environment into the battle scene, and Tintoretto - innumerable masses of warriors ("Battle of Dawn", about 1585). In the formation of the battle genre in the 17th century. big role played a sharp exposure of robbery and cruelty of soldiers in the etchings of the Frenchman J. Callot, a deep disclosure of the socio-historical significance and ethical meaning of military events by the Spaniard D. Velasquez ("Surrender of Breda", 1634), the dynamics and drama of the battle paintings by the Fleming P. P. Rubens. Later, professional battle painters stand out (A.F. van der Meulen in France), types of conventionally allegorical composition are formed, exalting the commander, presented against the background of the battle (Ch. Lebrun in France), a small battle picture with a spectacular image of cavalry skirmishes, episodes of military life (F. Wauerman in Holland) and scenes of naval battles (V. van de Velde in Holland). In the XVIII century. in connection with the war for independence, works of the battle genre appeared in American painting(B. West, J. S. Copley, J. Trumbull), the Russian patriotic battle genre was born - the paintings "Battle of Kulikovo" and "The Battle of Poltava", attributed to I. N. Nikitin, engravings by A. F. Zubov, mosaics by the workshop of M V. Lomonosov "Poltava battle" (1762-64), battle-historical compositions by G. I. Ugryumov, watercolors by M. M. Ivanov. Great French revolution(1789-94) and the Napoleonic wars were reflected in the work of many artists - A. Gro (who went from being passionate about the romance of revolutionary wars to the exaltation of Napoleon I), T. Gericault (who created the heroic-romantic images of the Napoleonic epic), F. Goya (who showed drama of the struggle of the Spanish people with the French invaders). Historicism and the freedom-loving pathos of romanticism were vividly expressed in E. Delacroix's battle-historical paintings, inspired by the events of the July Revolution of 1830 in France. The national liberation movements in Europe inspired the romantic battle compositions of P. Michalovsky and A. Orlovsky in Poland, G. Wappers in Belgium, and later J. Matejko in Poland, M. Alyosha, J. Cermak in the Czech Republic, and others. In France in official battle painting (O. Vernet), false romantic effects were combined with external plausibility. Russian academic battle painting moved from traditionally conditional compositions with a commander in the center to a greater documentary accuracy of the overall picture of the battle and genre details (A.I. Sauerweid, B.P. Villevalde, A.E. Kotzebue). Outside the academic tradition of the battle genre were I. I. Terebenev's popular prints dedicated to Patriotic War 1812, "Cossack scenes" in lithographs by Orlovsky, drawings by P. A. Fedotov, G. G. Gagarin, M. Yu. Lermontov, lithographs by V. F. Timm.

The development of realism in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. led to the strengthening of landscape, genre, sometimes psychological principles in the battle genre, attention to the actions, experiences, life of ordinary soldiers (A. Menzel in Germany, J. Fattori in Italy, W. Homer in the USA, M. Gerymsky in Poland, N. Grigorescu in Romania, Ya. Veshin in Bulgaria). A realistic depiction of the episodes of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 was given by the Frenchmen E. Detail and A. Neuville. In Russia, the art of maritime battle painting flourished (I. K. Aivazovsky, A. P. Bogolyubov), battle-everyday painting appeared (P. O. Kovalevsky, V. D. Polenov). V. V. made a valuable contribution to the development of the battle genre Vereshchagin ("After the attack. Transit point near Plevna", 1881, State Tretyakov Gallery). F. A. Rubo strove for an objective display of hostilities in his panoramas “The Defense of Sevastopol” (1902-1904) and “The Battle of Borodino” (1911). Realism and the rejection of conditional schemes are also inherent in the battle genre of the Wanderers - I. M. Pryanishnikova , A. D. Kivshenko, V. I. Surikov, who created a monumental epic of the military exploits of the people

Surikov in the canvases “The Conquest of Siberia by Yermak” (1895) and “Suvorov’s Crossing the Alps” (1899, both in the Russian Museum) created a majestic epic of the feat of the Russian people, showed his heroic strength. The battle work of V. M. Vasnetsov was inspired by the ancient Russian epic.

D. Velasquez. Surrender of Breda. 1634-1635. Canvas, oil. Prado. Madrid.

However, the formation of the battle genre dates back to the 15th-16th centuries. IN early XVII V. the etchings of the Frenchman J. Callot played an important role in the formation of the battle genre. Along with the canvases of D. Velasquez, which deeply revealed the socio-historical meaning of the military event, there are passionate paintings imbued with the pathos of the struggle by the Fleming P. P. Rubens. From the middle of the XVII century. documentary chronicle scenes of military battles and campaigns predominate, for example, by the Dutchman F. Wauerman (“Cavalry Battle”, 1676, GE).

R. Guttuso. Battle of Garibaldi at the Amirallo Bridge. 1951-1952. Canvas, oil. The Filcinelli Library. Milan.

In the XVIII- early XIX V. battle painting is developing in France, where the paintings of A. Gro, glorifying Napoleon I, are especially famous. Stunning scenes of the courageous struggle of the Spanish people against the French invaders are captured in the graphics and painting of F. Goya (a series of etchings “The Disasters of War”, 1810-1820).

V. V. VERESCHAGIN. With hostility, hurrah, hurrah! (Attack). From the War of 1812 series. 1887-1895. Canvas, oil. State Historical Museum. Moscow.

A. A. Deineka. Defense of Sevastopol. 1942. Oil on canvas. State Russian Museum. Leningrad.

The works of Soviet battle painters reveal the image of a Soviet patriot warrior, his steadfastness and courage, and his unparalleled love for the Motherland. The battle genre experienced a new rise in the terrible days of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in the works of the Studio of Military Artists named after M. B. Grekov, Kukryniksy, A. A. Deineka, B. M. Nemensky, P. A. Krivonogov and other masters. The unbending courage of the defenders of Sevastopol, their firm determination to fight until last breath showed Deineka in the film “The Defense of Sevastopol” (1942, Russian Museum) imbued with heroic pathos. Modern Soviet battle painters revived the art of dioramas and panoramas, created works on the themes of the civil (E. E. Moiseenko and others) and the Great Patriotic Wars (A. A. Mylnikov, Yu. P. Kugach and others).

M. B. Grekov. Tachanka. 1933. Oil on canvas. Central Museum Armed Forces of the USSR. Moscow.

Studio of Military Artists named after M. B. Grekov

The emergence of the studio is inextricably linked with the name wonderful artist Mitrofan Borisovich Grekov, one of the pioneers of Soviet battle painting. His canvases "Tachanka", "Trumpeters of the First Cavalry Army", "To the Detachment to Budyonny", "Banner and Trumpeter" are among classical works Soviet painting.

In 1934, after the death of the artist, by a special resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the “Iso-workshop of amateur Red Army art named after M. B. Grekov” was created in Moscow. The studio was called upon to continue and creatively develop the best traditions of the Soviet battle genre. Initially, it was a training workshop for the most gifted artists of the Red Army, who improved their skills under the guidance of prominent artists: V. Baksheev, M. Avilov, G. Savitsky and others. In 1940, the studio became the art organization of the Red Army, uniting military artists.

During the Great Patriotic War, many Greeks went to the front. main view creative work in military conditions there were full-scale sketches. Their historical and artistic value hard to overestimate. Military drawings by N. Zhukov, I. Lukomsky, V. Bogatkin, A. Kokorekin and other artists are a kind of visible chronicle of the Great Patriotic War, its main military battles, front-line life. They are marked big love to the protagonist of this greatest battle for the Motherland - the Soviet soldier.

The theme of the feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War is being creatively enriched even at the present time. In the first post-war years, the Greeks created canvases, graphic series, sculptural compositions which received the widest recognition. These are the paintings "Mother" by B. Nemensky, "Victory" by P. Krivonogov, a monument to the Liberator E. Vuchetich, installed in Treptow Park in Berlin.

Studio artists have created and create a lot monumental monuments military glory in various cities Soviet Union and abroad. The most significant battles are captured in such works as the panorama " Battle of Stalingrad"in Volgograd (made by a group of artists led by M. Samsonov), the diorama "Battle for Perekop" in Simferopol (author N. But), etc. In these works, the events of military at a huge cost a great victory was achieved.