Literary Memorial House Museum of F. M. Dostoevsky. Literary Memorial Museum F

Literary and Memorial Museum of F. M. Dostoevsky

The life of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was closely connected with St. Petersburg. Starting from 1837, he became a Petersburger, changed about 20 addresses over the course of many years. The streets and houses of St. Petersburg are depicted in the writer's works.

However, among the many St. Petersburg addresses of Dostoevsky, a special place is occupied by a house on the corner of Kuznechny Lane. and st. Dostoevsky, not far from the ancient Church of the Icon of Vladimirskaya Mother of God. Here the writer settled with his family in October 1878 and lived until the day of his death - January 28, 1881. Here his last novel"The Brothers Karamazov", "Pushkin's speech". In this house, Dostoevsky was visited by many of his contemporaries.

A simple, quite ordinary St. Petersburg house, not distinguished by architectural merit, has become one of the most attractive sights of St. Petersburg, thanks to the fact that Dostoevsky lived and died here.

Even in the pre-revolutionary Russian press, notes appeared that spoke of the need to mark this house with a commemorative plaque and open a museum here dedicated to the life and work of the great writer. However, this initiative was not implemented, and in the post-revolutionary years it became almost impossible. In 1917, the writer's widow, Anna Grigorievna Dostoevskaya, left St. Petersburg and settled in her estate on the Black Sea coast. In 1918 she died all alone, away from her children and grandchildren. All the items that were once in the house where Dostoevsky lived were handed over by her upon departure from St. Petersburg to one of the warehouses for storage and subsequently disappeared, and the materials of the precious archive, with a few exceptions, ended up in state archives.

Then came the years, unfavorable for the memory of Dostoevsky. Tragic art world writer, his social and religious beliefs were incompatible with the official Soviet ideology. During these years it was hard to imagine that it was possible to create a museum in the house where he lived. However, even then famous writers and scientists reminded in the press of the importance of Dostoevsky in the history of Russian culture, and talked about the need to create a museum in the city where he spent many years of his life.

In 1971, the 150th anniversary of the birth of the great writer was celebrated all over the world. By this date, it was decided to open the Literary and Memorial Museum of F. M. Dostoevsky in Leningrad, in a house on Kuznechny Lane. According to the archival plans of the house and according to the memoirs of the writer's contemporaries, the apartment was restored. Based on a photograph taken after the writer's death, his office was reconstructed. A large literary exposition dedicated to the life and work of Dostoevsky was opened next to the memorial apartment.

A great contribution to the creation of the Museum was made by the writer's grandson Andrei Fyodorovich Dostoevsky (1908-1968), who amassed a valuable collection dedicated to the memory of his famous grandfather, which later became the basis of the museum. Family heirlooms were donated to the Museum by Dostoevsky's great-niece Maria Vladimirovna Savostyanova - the most valuable materials from this collection are also on display.

Among the founders of the Museum, it is necessary to name its first director - Boris Varfolomeevich Fedorenko and prof. Nina Perlina (currently teaching at the University of Indiana, USA).

The opening of the Dostoevsky Museum was a great event in the life of Leningrad. Since then, this house has been constantly visited by fans of the writer's work from all over the world. Over the years of the Museum's existence, its collection has increased many times over. He currently has a large collection of graphics, applied arts, a significant fund of photographs; the library has about 24,000 volumes, there is a collection theater posters, programs - based on dramatizations of the writer's works, a small handwritten fund has been collected. This collection is constantly replenished - largely thanks to the gifts of visitors, friends of the Museum, scientists - researchers of the writer's work.

The museum has a cinema hall where you can watch films and performances based on his works, attend literary evenings. Every year, in November, when the writer's birthday is celebrated, the Museum hosts international scientific conferences on the topic “Dostoevsky and World culture". IN exhibition halls constant exhibitions contemporary artists. Today the Museum has become an integral part cultural life St. Petersburg.

The Dostoevsky Museum consists of the following parts:

• Memorial apartment of F. M. Dostoevsky
• Literary exposition dedicated to the life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky
• Two showrooms for exhibitions contemporary art
• Theater Hall

memorial apartment

At the beginning of October 1878, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and his family settled in house number 5 on Kuznechny Lane (apt. 10) and lived here until the day of his death - January 28, 1881. Soviet years the house on Kuznechny underwent a major restructuring, ordinary communal apartments appeared in it.

In 1956, a memorial plaque was erected on this house. In 1968 the house was put on overhaul, after which Dostoevsky's apartment was restored according to archival plans and memoirs of contemporaries.

November 11, 1971, the birthday of Dostoevsky, took place Grand opening Literary and memorial museum of the writer.

HALLWAY

Dostoevsky's wife, Anna Grigorievna, wrote: “Our apartment consisted of six rooms, a huge pantry for books, a hall and a kitchen, and was located on the second floor. Seven windows overlooked Kuznechny Lane. Fyodor Mikhailovich's guests usually went from the hallway to the left along the corridor to the living room. The door led directly to the washroom, and from the washroom to the nursery.

When the Dostoevsky family moved to the house on Kuznechny, the writer's daughter Lyuba was 9 years old, and his son Fedya was 7. Dostoevsky was married twice. He had no children in his first marriage. In the second marriage, the Dostoevskys had four children. Sonechka's first daughter was born in 1868 in Geneva and died three months later. In 1869, Lyuba appeared in Dresden, in 1871 Fedor was born in St. Petersburg, in 1875 in Staraya Russa, where the Dostoevsky family spent their summers, Alyosha was born. In the spring of 1878, three-year-old Alyosha died of an epileptic seizure. “Fyodor Mikhailovich was terribly shocked by this death. He somehow especially loved Lesha, almost with painful love, as if foreseeing that he would soon be deprived of him. Personal tragic experience was reflected in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov", which Dostoevsky wrote in 1878-1880.

“Returning in autumn to St. Petersburg<из Старой Руссы>, we did not dare to stay in the apartment, where everything was full of memories of our deceased boy, and settled in Kuznechny Lane ... ”- wrote Anna Grigoryevna Dostoevskaya in her memoirs.

Dostoevsky was very caring, loving father, he believed that without children there is no meaning in life. A special subject of Dostoevsky's attention was the upbringing and education of children. He often read aloud to children the works of Russian and European writers, whom he himself knew and loved from early youth: Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Karamzin, Gogol, Dickens, Hoffmann, Schiller, Hugo, introduced them to the Bible from a book that he remembered from childhood - “One Hundred four stories from the Old and New Testaments.

Lyubov Fedorovna Dostoevskaya (1869-1926) became a writer, author of short stories and short stories. Of main interest to readers is her book about her father "Dostoevsky in the image of his daughter", which contains a lot of unique information about the lifestyle, habits, character traits of F. M. Dostoevsky. From 1913 Lyubov Fedorovna lived abroad. Died in northern Italy.

Fyodor Fyodorovich Dostoevsky (1871-1921) from childhood loved sports, was fond of horses. After graduating from the law and natural faculties of the University of Derpt, he became a major specialist in horse breeding. IN last years life, the writer's son, fulfilling the will of his mother, continued to collect and store Dostoevsky's archive. Died and buried in Moscow Novodevichy cemetery(the grave was not preserved). Fedor Fedorovich was married twice, he had sons Fedor (1905-1921) and Andrei.

Andrei Fyodorovich Dostoevsky, the writer's grandson, (1908-1968) made a great contribution to the creation of the Museum. He donated to the museum the most valuable collection dedicated to the memory of his grandfather, which became the basis of the Museum's exposition. The children of Andrei Fedorovich - Tatyana and Dmitry - live in St. Petersburg.

ANNA GRIGORYEVNA'S ROOM

Anna Grigoryevna's room is an office business woman. Her whole life was dedicated to her husband. She was Dostoevsky's permanent secretary and stenographer, engaged in the publication of his works, book trade, conducted all financial affairs in the house, and raised children. Dostoevsky highly appreciated the activities of Anna Grigoryevna: he dedicated his last, most important novel, The Brothers Karamazov, to her. After the death of Dostoevsky, Anna Grigoryevna spent the rest of her life (37 years) collecting materials about her husband's life and publishing his writings. Based on these materials in 1901 in the Moscow Historical Museum Dostoevsky's Cabinet was opened. In 1928, this collection became the basis of the Dostoevsky Museum that opened in Moscow.

DINING ROOM

In the dining room the whole family gathered together in the evening. Dostoevsky was accustomed to work at night from his youth. Silence - the main condition for his work - in the house came only at night. He started work at 11-12 o'clock at night, worked until 5-6 o'clock in the morning. Then he rested, woke up at the first hour of the day, came to the dining room and brewed tea for himself. During the day he was busy publishing, and at 6 pm the family gathered for dinner. “Dinner ended at 7, and he liked to sit alone until 8 or half past 9, and then get dressed and go for a walk ...”

LIVING ROOM

In the late 1970s, Dostoevsky became famous writer not only in Russia, but also abroad. In 1878, the Imperial Academy of Sciences elected Dostoevsky as a corresponding member in the department of the Russian language and literature. Numerous visitors came to Dostoevsky with various questions and requests, and he tried to receive everyone. In the late 70s, he was often invited to literary, charity evenings, where he performed a lot, reading excerpts from his works. Contemporaries noted that he had a special gift, and was completely transformed when he read.

DOSTOYEVSKY'S OFFICE

The study was reconstructed from a photograph taken by V. Taube after the death of the writer. It contains memorial items: on the table is a pen with a pen, a medicine box and a wallet, above the table is a cassette for papers and letters, in the corner is an icon in a silver frame “Joy of the Mother of God of All Who Sorrow”. Bookcases contain books that were part of Dostoevsky's library, which the Museum collects from lists compiled by Anna Grigoryevna.

Random guests rarely got into Dostoevsky's office; here he received only close people. Relatives recalled that he did not like it when something was broken in his office - manuscripts, books were shifted, a chair was moved from the place where he had left it. It was his creative workshop, and no one was supposed to destroy its special atmosphere. In this office, Dostoevsky worked on the novel The Brothers Karamazov, prepared his famous Pushkin speech, wrote articles for latest release"A Writer's Diary", which was published posthumously.

Here, in this office, Dostoevsky died. Watches owned by younger brother writer, Andrei Mikhailovich, on a table by the window, they were stopped at the day and hour of the writer's death: January 28, 1881.

Literary exposition

The Dostoevsky Museum was opened in 1971. Its main part - the memorial apartment of the writer - has always been and will remain unchanged. But the rest of the museum's spaces are constantly changing: new exhibitions are held in the exhibition halls of the museum every month, different performances are played in the museum's theater every evening, and on February 9, 2009, a new, third since the founding of the museum, literary exposition dedicated to his life was opened in the halls opposite Dostoevsky's apartment. and creativity.

The new exposition uses museum technologies that organically combine the style of the Dostoevsky era and the design and information possibilities of today. An attempt was made to present the life and work of the writer in a direct relationship, which was decided by the creation of three levels of exposition: the first is represented by exhibits related to the actual material - photographs, portraits of Dostoevsky and his entourage, places associated with his life, documents of the era, letters, manuscripts, etc. The second level - exhibits related to the creative process.

Third level - monitors included in art space exposure, with additional information. In one of the halls there is a sensory kiosk, where visitors can get the necessary information. In another hall, there is an opportunity to demonstrate the museum's video programs, film adaptations of Dostoevsky's works, documentaries(the screen will be lowered as needed).

One of the important principles of the artistic and constructive solution of the new exposition is its mobility: sections of the exposition can be replenished with new exhibits, additional material both in multimedia "windows" and in static hanging. In the halls of the new exposition it will be possible to hold seminars, conferences, arrange viewings, play performances.

“And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not embrace it” - this gospel quote is not accidentally included in the exposition epigraph: black “doubling” space with endless reflections, flickering light, walls with “windows-objects” and the only open window overlooking Vladimirskaya the church, as conceived by the authors of the exposition, correspond to the “cosmos” of Dostoevsky and the atmosphere of his St. Petersburg works.

Theater Hall

Dostoevsky loved the theater, often attended performances, concerts, went to premieres, was friends with actors. In his journalism there are reviews, the heroes of his novels often act out scenes, represent the theater. All his life he wanted to write a drama, but he never wrote a single play. Everyone knows the formula "Dostoevsky's theater". The Museum and the FMD-Theatre have implemented it literally. The traditional "black office", equipped with the assistance of the Government of the Kingdom of Norway modern equipment, has become a wonderful space for stage versions of the works of Dostoevsky, Gogol, Ibsen, contemporary authors. Various St. Petersburg theaters present their performances here, theaters bring performances from other cities and countries.

Address: 191002, St. Petersburg, Kuznechny lane, 5/2

All lovers of literature should definitely visit the multiple literary museums St. Petersburg. One of those that deserves close attention is the Dostoevsky Museum. St. Petersburg - one of six Russian museums writer.

Dostoevsky's life is inextricably linked with St. Petersburg: in 1837 he settled in northern capital, accepting it with all my heart and soul, and having managed to change up to 20 addresses over the years of my life. Houses and streets of the city often appear in Dostoevsky's works. A special place among St. Petersburg lovers of the writer is occupied by a house near the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir in Kuznechny Lane. Architecturally indistinguishable from its "brothers", it is notable for the native Petersburgers and guests of the city in that the writer lived here for many years: at the beginning and at the end of his creative path.

It all started with my wife...

Dostoevsky's wife mentioned that their apartment consisted of six rooms, a huge pantry for books, a hall and a kitchen. Anna Grigorievna was not only a loving and understanding wife for the writer, but also a faithful companion - his personal secretary. Fyodor Mikhailovich himself, as a sign of high appreciation for his wife’s similar activities, dedicated to her main novel of his life - The Brothers Karamazov.

After the death of her husband, Anna Grigoryevna nurtured the idea of ​​perpetuating the memory of Fyodor Mikhailovich. Leaving from hometown, she handed over all the things from the house where their family lived in recent years for storage in a warehouse. Unfortunately, all this wealth was lost, and only some materials later ended up in the state archives.

In the 1960s of the last century, the architect-artist Georgy Vladimirovich Piontek became the ideological inspirer of the museum. It was he who initiated the transformation of the building in Kuznechny Lane into a memorial house-museum. Not following the prejudices of the Soviet ideology regarding the work of Dostoevsky, Piontek turned to the then Minister of Culture Furtseva. The letter became decisive in the epic with the beginning of the organization of the museum.

As part of this good undertaking, it was planned not only to show the life and work of the great writer, but also to create a certain Cultural Center, where contemporary cultural figures and admirers of Fyodor Mikhailovich's work could gather. And also so that within these walls it would be convenient to watch films and performances based on the works of Dostoevsky. Everything turned out quite well, and the plans were realized in life.

Meet Dostoevsky and his Petersburg

Fyodor Mikhailovich settled in the house on Kuznechnoy with his family in the autumn of 1878, and lived for three years until his death.

The Literary and Memorial Museum in memory of the writer was opened exactly on the 150th anniversary of his birth, in 1971. The institution includes a memorial part - the apartment itself, and a hall - the so-called literary exposition.

Thanks to archival plans, as well as the memoirs of contemporaries, the organizers were able to restore Dostoevsky's apartment, and reconstruct his office from a photograph.

The exposition contains many interesting exhibits, some of which are simply unique. For example, on the map "Petersburg of Dostoevsky", made by the artist Boris Kostygov, the addresses of the places of residence of the writer and his heroes are marked. The houses can even be seen in the images on the sides of the map.

The first hall of the exposition is dedicated to the biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich: it presents materials from 1821 to 1864. From biographical information visitors can smoothly approach the study of the writer's work and his main novels. The second room contains materials relating to the period of life from 1865 to 1881.

The basis of the Museum was a priceless collection collected by the writer's grandson, Andrey Fedorovich. His great-niece Maria Vladimirovna Savostyanova did not forget about her famous ancestor either: she donated some family relics for the development of the Museum.

Dostoevsky Museum: the richest fund, which has no price

In the house in Kuznechny Lane, two floors are allocated for the Museum. The interiors of the apartment's rooms feature authentic items and books that were donated to the Museum by Dostoevsky's descendants.

The collection of the Museum is growing from year to year: visitors and friends bring valuable gifts, much is given by researchers of the writer's work.

The museum boasts complete collections of graphics and photographs, and the local science Library has in its funds up to 24 thousand volumes. Here is a collection of programs and theater posters based on Dostoevsky's dramatizations.

The most valuable collections of the Dostoevsky Museum include modern illustrations for the works of the writer: there are up to 2 thousand of them, Fyodor Mikhailovich's lifetime editions - 117 copies, and the archive of Alexander Poretsky in the form of manuscripts - 272 items.

On the first floor in the exhibition halls are held modern exhibitions artists, musical and literary evenings, and screenings of films based on the works of the writer are organized for visitors in the cinema hall.

For many years of existence, the Museum has become a scientific and cultural center, employing up to 50 employees, 15 of which are scientists. Within these walls, annual international readings "Dostoevsky and World Culture" are held. The building also has theater hall where performances based on the works of the great writer are held. It is not surprising that with such a colossal work being done, the Dostoevsky Museum is a member and partner of the Norwegian Society of Friends of the Fyodor Dostoevsky Museum.

The convenient location of the cozy Museum in the city center, interesting excursions attract up to 35 thousand visitors annually. Here, in the ancient district, you can feel in the best possible way how you walked along the same streets, lived in the same houses, loved, suffered, and sometimes committed high-profile crimes heroes of Dostoevsky's books.

Dostoevsky Museum (St. Petersburg, Russia) - expositions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.

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There are 6 museums of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in Russia. Perhaps the most interesting one is located in St. Petersburg at the corner of Kuznechny Lane and Yamskaya Street, which now bears his name. Here he spent less than three years, the last of his hectic life engineer, socialist, convict, soldier, officer, gambler and great writer. You can love or hate his work, but we have to admit that few people managed to penetrate so deeply into human soul and describe what you see in words. Therefore, the interest in his life is not surprising.

A bit of history

The Dostoevsky family occupied apartment No. 10 in October 1878. Within these walls, he completed his Pentateuch with the novel The Brothers Karamazov and died on January 28, 1881. Anna Grigorievna Dostoevskaya carefully kept everything connected with her husband, including a rich archive. It was expected that the Dostoevsky Museum would be created, but these plans were never realized. In 1917, the widow handed over all her property to a warehouse for preservation, and she herself left for the Crimea, where she died a year later. Things were stolen, the archive was distributed to various organizations. The museum was nevertheless opened, but only in 1971. The basis of the exposition was a collection of objects collected by the writer's grandson A. F. Dostoevsky.

What to see

memorial apartment

Unfortunately, there are few authentic things that belonged to the writer. After the reconstruction, the interiors of the rooms were restored according to the memoirs of contemporaries. No ostentatious luxury, everything is quite ascetic, on the desktop there is a cast writing set with candles, a hat under a glass cap. The clock next to him shows the time of his death. On the walls family photos in a wooden frame, a lot of children's toys. Cozy cozy atmosphere.

Literary exposition

Dostoevsky wrote only at night, which is probably why the hall dedicated to his work is decorated in dark colors. The first thing visitors see is the illuminated death mask the writer, and behind it in the stands are exhibited manuscripts, letters, illustrations for his books. There are many photographs of places connected with the life and heroes of the writer, friends and associates. The creators of the exposition demonstrate its connection creative world and reality, using modern interactive technology for this.

The only bright spot is a window with a view of the Vladimir Church standing opposite, as a symbol of the return from darkness to light.

Theater

It so happened that the writer did not write a single play, although he wanted to do this all his life. But the museum has a "FMD-theater" equipped as a "black room" where young actors present stage versions of the works of Ibsen, Gogol and, of course, Dostoevsky himself. There are also plays by contemporary authors.

Practical information

Address: St. Petersburg, Kuznechny per. 5/2, apt. 119. Website.

How to get there: by metro to st. metro station "Vladimirskaya", "Dostoevskaya".

Opening hours: Tuesday and Thursday-Sunday from 11:00 to 18:00, Wednesday from 13:00 to 20:00; day off - Monday.

Ticket price for adults - 150 RUB, schoolchildren (citizens of the Russian Federation) - 50 RUB, children under 7 years old, full-time university students, museum workers - free of charge. Prices on the page are for October 2018.

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State Literary and Memorial Museum of F. M. Dostoevsky(Saint Petersburg, Kuznechny per., 5/2) - one of six Russian museums of the great writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

The idea of ​​creating a museum was nurtured by the writer's widow Anna Grigorievna Dostoevskaya. In 1917 she left Petrograd and a year later she died all alone in the Crimea, away from her children and grandchildren. All the items that were in the house where Dostoevsky lived were handed over by her when leaving Petrograd to one of the warehouses for storage and subsequently disappeared, and the archive materials, with a few exceptions, ended up in state archives.

In the 1960s, an architect-artist took the initiative to open and project a museum in Kuznechny Lane, in the house where the writer spent the last years of his life. Georgy Vladimirovich Piontek. In this house F. M. Dostoevsky settled with his family in October 1878 and lived until the day of his death - January 28 (February 9), 1881.

The museum was opened on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the writer's birth in 1971. A great contribution to the creation of the museum was made by the writer's grandson Andrei Fyodorovich Dostoevsky (1908-1968), who amassed a valuable collection dedicated to the memory of his famous grandfather, which later became the basis of the museum. Dostoevsky's great-niece Maria Vladimirovna Savostyanova also handed over family heirlooms.

The museum occupies two floors. On the second floor are the writer's apartment and the main exhibition. The writer's apartment is a corner apartment, like almost all of his 20 Petersburg apartments. Interiors rooms are recreated according to the memoirs of contemporaries and archival materials. Presented are authentic items from the writer's family and books donated to the museum by his descendants. The exposition tells about the life and work of Dostoevsky.

The exhibition halls on the ground floor host exhibitions of contemporary artists, literary and musical evenings; films based on the works of Dostoevsky are shown in the cinema hall. Services offered audio guide.

see also

Links

• Literary and Memorial Museum of F. M. Dostoevsky in St. Petersburg