Project “Let's preserve the culture and traditions of the peoples of the Volga region. Familiarizing preschoolers with the culture of the peoples of the Middle Volga region through the use of museum pedagogy

Target: introduce older children preschool age with the nations

Volga region.

1. Educational:
   1. Expand and deepen children's knowledge about our multinational Motherland. Strengthen knowledge about costumes peoples of the Volga region. To develop children's cognitive interest in their native land.
   2. Cultivate respect for the culture of other people. Shape moral principles individuals in the process of forming ideas about friendship between peoples of different nationalities.
   3. Continue exploring the sights of different cities.
2. Educational:
   1. Develop thinking, memory, attention, cognitive and physical activity.
3. Educational:
   1. Foster independence and mutual assistance.
   2. Instill respect for each other.
   3. Develop mutual control skills.

Integration educational areas: cognitive development, social communicative development, speech development, physical development, artistic and aesthetic development.

Vocabulary work: Volga region, Cheboksary, Ufa, landmark.

Preliminary work: examination of illustrations for the Volga republics.

Equipment and materials: balloon, cut-out pictures, tape recorder, screen, laptop, cap, steering wheel, jump rope, “magic bag”, skullcap.

A balloon flies into the group, and an envelope is tied to a string. The teacher draws the children's attention to what is happening and informs them that the envelope is not signed, offers to open the envelope and see what is there. The teacher opens the envelope and finds cut-out pictures, then offers to collect them to find out what kind of pictures they will get. Children collect pictures, and the picture shows people in national clothes.

Guys! Now let’s check if you have assembled the puzzles correctly. I suggest you look at the screen and check if you got it right? (children check)

These are the national costumes of the peoples of the Volga region - Russian folk costume, Tatar folk costume, Bashkir folk costume, Chuvash folk costume.

Well done boys! Have you ever been to these republics? And I suggest you go on a trip to these republics.

Guys, do you like to travel?

What do you think you can go on a trip with? (by train, by plane, by boat, by bus)

I suggest you go by bus. And we need a driver. Leo will be our driver. And I will be the guide. I will talk about these republics.

Here is our bus. Let's sit back and let's go. (music “We are going - we are going”)

Guys! You and I live in big country. What is the name of our country? Yes, that's right, Russia.

Russia is a multinational country. People of different nationalities live there. They live peacefully and amicably. Children, do you know what the longest river in Russia is?

Yes, this is the Volga River. People of different nationalities live on the banks of the Volga and different republics are located, such as Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, Mordovia, and the Mari Republic. All residents living in these republics are peoples of the Volga region.

Our first stop is the Republic of Bashkortostan. The capital of Bashkortostan is the city of Ufa, the greenest city in Russia.

Which city is the capital of Bashkortostan? (children answer in chorus and separately)

Bashkortostan is a very beautiful and rich region. The republic is rich in forests, rivers, lakes and mountains. There are also many minerals. Oil, gas, coal, iron, zinc, and copper are mined here. And Bashkortostan is famous for its honey - the famous Bashkir honey.

Time is ticking, guys, it's time for us to hit the road. Let's take our seats and continue our journey.

Guys! Which republic were we visiting?

We were in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

What is the name of the capital of Bashkortostan?

The capital of Bashkortostan is the city of Ufa.

Our next stop is the Republic of Chuvashia. The capital of the republic is the city of Cheboksary. Beautiful city. It is very famous for its attractions (landmark - a place, thing or object that deserves special attention, which is a historical heritage, artistic value), such as the Patroness Mother (a symbol of the capital, dedicated to the mother), the Prisursky Reserve (a protected area where hunting is prohibited), the V.I. Chapaev Museum (he is a hero civil war; The museum stores and studies historical data).

Name the capital of Chuvashia? (The capital of Chuvashia is the city of Cheboksary.)

Tell me, guys, what do children love most? (Children's answers.)

Of course, play. A game - favorite hobby both children and adults. Every nation has its own folk game. Now let's play the Chuvash folk game “Moon or Sun”. (The teacher explains the rules of the game.)

Guys! What is the name of the game? (The game is called “Moon or Sun.”)

Well done boys. We played, relaxed, and now we get on the bus and continue our journey.

We are returning to our beloved republic. Our republic is ahead. (The teacher draws the children’s attention to the screen.)

What republic do we live in? (We live in the Republic of Tatarstan.)

Name the capital of our republic? (The capital of our republic is the city of Kazan.)

Children! Kazan became famous throughout the world for hosting such big events as the Universiade (sports competitions among students), the World Aquatics Championships (swimming, diving, water games). And in 2018, Kazan will become one of the organizing cities where the FIFA World Cup will be held.

Guys! What kind of people of different nationalities do you think live here in Tatarstan? (Tatars, Russians, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Mordovians, and Mari live in Tatarstan.)

Yes, guys, people of different nationalities live in Tatarstan and they live very friendly.

Here we are back to our favorite hometown. What is the name of our city? (city – Naberezhnye Chelny).

Let's go to the screen, guys. Naberezhnye Chelny is famous all over the world. Our Chelny KAMAZ trucks are the best in the world.

Listen to a poem about our city:

Naberezhnye Chelny is a favorite city,

Naberezhnye Chelny - green garden,

I am at any time of the year

I'm glad to meet you in Naberezhnye Chelny!

Yes, guys, our city is very beautiful. Business card Naberezhnye Chelny is considered the “Festival of Flowers”. Why do you think this holiday is called the Flower Festival? (children's answers). This is one of the city's most beloved holidays. Here you can see your favorite cartoon characters. They are made from flowers. (Photos are shown on the projection screen.)

Guys! Everyone's favorite holiday is held in our city - Sabantuy. Various competitions are held there (“At Chabyshy” - “Horse Racing”, “Kөrәsh” - “Wrestling”, running with a yoke), songs, dances, and games are sung.

Guys! Now let’s play a Tatar folk game called “Skullcap”. Rules of the game: children stand in a circle, while listening to music, children pass the skullcap around the circle; whoever has the skullcap in their hands after the music stops completes the task. (Music accompaniment - Tatar dance music).

Well done boys! What is the name of the game? ("Skullcap".)

Guys! Did you enjoy our trip? Which republics have we visited? What do you remember most? What new did you learn? Will you tell anyone about this trip? (Children's answers)

Guys! Let's look at the screen again. This is our hometown - Naberezhnye Chelny. Do you love your city? Then we’ll give our favorite city a bouquet beautiful words. Let's collect all these beautiful words in this magic bag, tie a ball to it and send it into the sky. Let him fly across the sky and distribute this bouquet of beautiful words to Chelny residents.

I'll start, guys, and you continue. Hospitable, sporty, cultural…

When we go for a walk, we’ll take a balloon with us and send our bouquet into the sky. On such a bright note we end our journey, I hope you enjoyed it.

Slesarenko Larisa Vladimirovna
Job title: music director
Educational institution: MBDOU kindergarten No. 20 "Alice"
Locality: Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk region
Name of material: article
Subject: "Music games peoples of the Volga region, as a form of familiarizing preschoolers with their native land and small Motherland"
Publication date: 01.04.2018
Chapter: preschool education

Musical games of the peoples of the Volga region, as a form

introducing preschoolers to their native land and small Motherland

Fair

famous

saying:

take a closer look at how and what his children play.

The folk game helps to develop the necessary moral qualities always in

connection with qualities related to physical, mental, labor and

other aspects of culture. A wide variety of games can be used

for the formation of a culture of communication in preschool children. Thus,

including the folk game in the educational process, the teacher unobtrusively,

purposefully introduces children into the world folk culture teaching children about culture

The peculiarity of folk games as an educational means is that

that it is included as a leading component in folk traditions: family,

work, family, holiday games and others. This allows the adult

unobtrusively, purposefully introduce children into the world of folk culture, ethics,

human relations. It is no coincidence that the gaming experience of preschool children

certainly includes a variety of folk jokes, game rhymes,

folk active, comic and other games with peers and adults.

We live in the Volga region. The banks of the Volga are inhabited numerous nations: Russians,

Chuvash, Tatars, Bashkirs, Mordovians. Each of these peoples is different not only

language, cuisine, traditions, but also outdoor games. They have a lot of humor, jokes, they

often accompanied by unexpected funny moments. And, of course, in games

children's favorite counting rhymes, toss-ups, and nursery rhymes are used, which preserve

artistic

lovely,

aesthetic

meaning

make up

most valuable

undeniable gaming folklore.

I include folk outdoor games in practical activities with children.

I have collected material and compiled a card index of folk outdoor games. In the file cabinet

presented

popular

Mordovian,

Tatar

Chuvash

accessible to children of different ages. The children enjoyed playing Russian folk games

games “Rucheyok”, “Shuttle”, Tatar folk game “Clappers”, Mordovian folk

the game “Circular”, the Chuvash game “Predator in the Sea”. During gaming activity

The children showed their dexterity, intelligence, and ingenuity.

Goals:

1. Introducing children to the culture of the peoples of the Volga region

Expand children's knowledge about the peoples of the Volga region.

Introduce and learn outdoor games of Tatar, Russian, Bashkir,

Udmurt

Chuvash

musical

accompaniment,

musical round dances).

To foster interest, international feelings and friendliness towards peoples

other nationalities.

Tasks:

The influence of folk games on the development of preschool children.

Introduction of folk games into work with preschool children.

Organization

carrying out

folk

mobile

educators

preschool institution.

Children's life has its own traditions. One of them is borrowing games by children from each other.

from friend, younger generation from an older one. Who invented these games (“Geese-

swans”, “At the bear in the forest”, “Cats and mice”, etc.)? When did they arise?

They were probably created by the people just like songs,

fairy tales, sayings, etc. On this basis they

are called folk.

Folk game is a game played on

principles

voluntariness,

popular and

widespread

historical

moment of development of society and reflecting it

features undergoing changes under

various influences: socio-political,

economic, national. Folk game

being a phenomenon of folk culture, it can serve as one of the means of introducing

children to folk traditions, which, in turn, represents the most important aspect

education of spirituality, formation of a system universal human values; V

modern situation of social development appeal to folk origins, To

the past is very timely.

"Zarya Zaryanitsa" - Russian folk game

A whole range of children's games are based on connection

songs with movement. These are round dance games. IN

in such games the action is carried out in rhythm,

words and texts, here the child dramatizes something about

what is sung in the song. The song is closely related to folk

Folk pedagogy perfectly defined

sequence of games from infancy to

maturity.

"Carousel" - Mordovian game

At the same time, folk games are very flexible in

age-related. For example, in

Children play “Zhmurki” and “Carousels” willingly

junior, senior preschool and school

age. There is a lot of humor in folk games,

jokes, competitive fervor; movement

precise and imaginative.

“Predator in the sea” - Chuvash game

They save

artistic

lovely, aesthetic value and make up

the most valuable, undeniable gaming folklore. Folk

outdoor games influence the development of will,

moral feelings, development of intelligence,

speed of reaction, physically strengthen the child. Through

the game fosters a sense of responsibility towards

team, ability to act in a team. Together with

However, the spontaneity of the game and the lack of didactic tasks make these games

attractive and “fresh” for children. Apparently such widespread use

folk outdoor games and ensures their preservation and transmission from generation to

generation.

“Get to know me” - Chuvash folk game

In folk

games have a lot of humor, jokes,

competitive

enthusiasm; movements are precise and

figurative, often

accompanied

unexpected

funny moments

tempting and

beloved children

counting rhymes,

drawing lots, nursery rhymes.

They keep their

artistic beauty,

aesthetic value

and constitute the most valuable

undeniable gaming

folklore.

The main condition for the successful implementation of folk outdoor games in life

preschoolers have always had and remain deep knowledge and fluency

an extensive game repertoire, as well as pedagogical guidance methods.

The teacher, creatively using the game as an emotional and figurative means of influencing

children, awakens interest and imagination, achieving active fulfillment of play

actions. Folk games in combination with other educational means

represent the basis initial stage formation of harmoniously developed

personality, combining spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical

perfection.

Using folk games in work, it is necessary to implement in parallel

the following tasks:

Introduce folk holidays included in Russian folk

calendar; with the history of their occurrence; cultivate a desire to adopt and

preserve folk traditions.

Develop coordination of movements, muscle tone, artistic skills.

Promote the development of initiative, organizational and creative

abilities.

Russia is a multinational state, therefore, from preschool age

it is necessary to introduce children not only to the culture of their people, but also to respectful,

good attitude towards representatives of other cultures, their customs and morals.

Play in any form is the leading activity of preschoolers and

so you can achieve a lot through play. And most of all, children love

of course, outdoor games and , offering them games of different nations , we thereby

We develop interest in people of different nationalities.

Municipal budget educational institution Secondary school No. 86

structural subdivision Center additional education"Rainbow"

g.o. Tolyatti

LESSON SUMMARY

SUBJECT« Peoples of the Volga region »

Tolyatti - 2011

Peoples of the Volga region

(The activity of “discovering” new knowledge)

staging educational task based on the correlation of what is already known and learned by students, and what is still unknown;

data processing;

extracting the necessary information from various sources;

conscious and voluntary construction of a speech utterance;

motivation for learning, formation of the foundations of a person’s civil identity;

moral and ethical assessment of the acquired content;

awareness of responsibility for a common cause;

expressing your thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy.

Progress of the lesson

Motivation for learning activities.

Teacher: That's right, guys. And we will also learn to find the necessary information from different sources(as we just extracted it from the song); express your thoughts accurately;respect the opinions of friends;overcome difficulties together; and also beresponsive and friendly.

Updating knowledge.

Learning new material.

In the summer in a fur coat, in the winter - naked.

Teacher: Well done boys! Now use the Internet and find out how these words sound in English. different languages!

Lesson summary.

The article discusses the possibilities of organizing an ethnocultural educational space in a preschool educational organization and introducing preschool children to the ethnic traditions of the peoples of the Volga region (Mordovians, Chuvash, Tatars).

UDC 373.24

ETHNIC TRADITIONS OF THE PEOPLES OF THE VOLGA REGION

IN MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION

PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

O.I. Kosheleva,

municipal budgetary preschool educational institution

"Kindergarten No. 46", teacher

Russia, 607232, Nizhny Novgorod region, Arzamas, st. Pobeda, 8

Annotation. The article discusses the possibilities of organizing an ethnocultural educational space in a preschool educational organization and introducing preschool children to the ethnic traditions of the peoples of the Volga region (Mordovians, Chuvash, Tatars).

Key words: multicultural education, ethnocultural educational space, ethnic traditions.

We are a multinational people Russian Federation, connected common destiny on our own land... It is with these words that the Constitution of the Russian Federation begins.

Historically, Russia is the homeland of different peoples who speak different languages, profess different religions, and have distinct cultures and mentalities. The bright and unique palette of the culture of our Motherland is created by the cultures of more than 180 peoples, including the cultures of the peoples of the Volga region (Mordovians, Mari, Udmurts, Chuvash, Kazan or Volga Tatars), having much in common both economically and historical development, and in origin, culture, life. The cultures of these peoples interacted and mutually enriched each other, including Russian culture.

Historically, our Arzamas region has been part of the Mordovian lands since ancient times, then it was part (with the Mordovian population) of the Kazan Khanate during the era of the Golden Horde, became a border part of the Nizhny Novgorod principality, and the construction of defensive structures and strengthening of Russian borders contributed to the rapid settlement of Arzamas lands by Russians . Joint economic and trade ties, the fight against common enemies strengthened the friendship of the two brother nations and allowed the Mordovian people to develop their national culture. The Arzamas land also attracted Turkic peoples (Tatars, Chuvash), prone to trade, crafts, and a combination of cattle breeding with agriculture, which was beneficial for trade geographical location, natural conditions, favorable for cattle breeding and agriculture. Therefore, the formation of cultural aspects of the Arzamas region took place under collective participation many peoples inhabiting the Volga Federal District today.

Folk culture is the deep basis of the entire diversity of directions, types and forms of culture modern society. Its loss entails the loss of moral principles and norms of behavior, a weakening of the sense of national dignity and duty towards one’s land. Today, many of the Arzamas people have simply forgotten or do not know that they are descendants of the Mordovian people or, perhaps, descendants Turkic peoples. In this regard, there is a need to broadcast ethno cultural heritage peoples that neighbor the Nizhny Novgorod region and whose representatives are part of the families of pupils of a preschool educational organization (Mordovians, Chuvash, Kazan Tatars).

Preschool educational organization(preschool education) in the context of the development of multicultural education acts as one of the social institutions for transmitting the ethnocultural heritage of the peoples of the Volga region. Her mission is to give the child cultural experience, including ethnic traditions reflecting cultural characteristics population of the native land.

Preschool education, as the initial stage of multicultural education, solves the problem of facilitating the child’s accumulation of primary ideas about the historical and cultural values ​​and heritage of his people, developing in children a sustainable interest in learning and accepting other cultural national values, formation of ethnocultural competence of preschool children. The general basis of multicultural education is the spiritual and moral development of the child with the adoption of moral norms and national values, the formation of his national, cultural and civic identity.

Translation of the cultural traditions of the peoples of the Volga region (Mordovians, Chuvash, Kazan Tatars) into preschool educational institutions makes it possible to introduce the younger generation to modern cultural values, the system of which, undoubtedly, also includes traditional and ethnic values.

The organization of an ethnocultural educational space in a preschool setting involves the creation of a developing subject-spatial environment and the organization of joint partnership activities between an adult and a child.

The developing subject-spatial environment of the groups is filled with gaming and educational materials of ethnic content. For example, ample opportunities for solving the problems of multicultural education are provided by the didactic set “The Many Faces of Russia” (series “The World on the Palm. Russia”), which makes it possible to introduce preschoolers to the characteristics of various peoples living on the territory of our country, including the peoples of the Volga region (Mordovians, Chuvash , Tatars). Part of the development environment is created in joint activities all participants in educational relations (children, teachers, parents): these include collections of dolls folk costumes, and albums of illustrations and collages reflecting the ethnocultural traditions of the Mordovians, Chuvash, and Tatars.

The cultural content on which preschool children are introduced to ethnic traditions is folklore (proverbs, fairy tales, riddles, chants), folk holidays and folk outdoor games. It is important to note that, demonstrating the uniqueness of the cultural heritage of each people, it is necessary to focus children’s attention on the fundamentals that unite the folk cultures of the Mordvins, Chuvash, and Tatars.

Play is the leading activity in preschool age. Therefore, one of the ways to introduce children to the ethnocultural heritage is the use of folk outdoor games played big role in the life of any nationality. Folk games are original, they carry symbolic information about the past, convey traditions inherent in the mentality of the people, correspond to children's nature, satisfying the child's need for cognition and motor activity. Outdoor games are similar among many nations that have nothing in common with each other. IN educational space Preschool educational institutions can use games of the peoples of the Volga region, similar to Russian folk outdoor games familiar to children: Mordovian (“To the Hens”, “To the Crow”, “Keys to the Castle”, “Wolf”); Chuvash (“Predator in the Sea”); Tatar (“Take a seat”, “Flappers”).

When organizing outdoor games, it is advisable to use methodical technique“Handkerchief”: the teacher invites the children to play, but first guess which nation’s game the children will play. The teacher shows the children a handkerchief with folk pattern(Mordovian, Chuvash, Tatar, Russian) and asks what pattern it is. When the children guess, the teacher announces whose game they will play (for example: “That’s right, the pattern on the handkerchief is Mordovian. So, you and I will play the Mordovian game “Keys to the Castle”). This methodological technique allows children to form their primary ideas about the peculiarities of the ornaments of the peoples of the Volga region in a fun way.

Folk wisdom accumulated over centuries is reflected in proverbs - the most interesting and mysterious folklore genre. When working with children of senior preschool age, proverbs of the peoples of the Volga region, consonant with Russian folk ones, can be successfully used, for example:

1) Mordovian proverbs: “You can’t find a more beautiful place than your homeland,” “A man without a homeland is like a bird without a nest,” “A tree needs roots, but a man needs friends,” “You can’t warm your side on someone else’s stove,” “A guest in a house is God in house”, “They don’t go for raspberries in winter”, etc.;

2) Chuvash proverbs: “If you’ve done something wrong, you can’t fix it”, “Motherland - dear mother - foreign side - stepmother”;

3) Tatar proverbs: “Without a dear homeland, you will be a wingless bird,” “If you lose something, you will gain it again, if you lose a friend, you will never get it back,” “You won’t even catch a hare without labor.”

Telling riddles is one of the favorite pastimes of many peoples. The following versions of the riddles of the peoples of the Volga region used in the ethnocultural educational process can be given:

1) Mordovian: “The old man is in the ground, and the beard is outside” (beet), “White like snow, black like earth, walks only by jumping” (magpie), etc.;

2) Chuvash: “It’s snowing under the low sky” (sowing flour), “They’re waiting for me - they won’t wait, but when they see me, they’ll run away” (rain), “In winter he undresses, and in summer he dresses” (deciduous tree), etc.;

3) Tatar: “The old man is joking, he doesn’t tell me to stand on the street, he’s pulling me home by the nose” (frost), “The oven is full of cheesecakes, there’s one roll in the middle” (stars and a month), etc.

Strengthening the educational effect in the process of multicultural education is facilitated by learning chants with preschoolers, which are widely used at folk holidays. So, during Christmas time you can use Mordovian chants, for example:

“And God bless whoever is in this house.

His rye is thick and skinny,

From grain he makes a loaf, from half grain he makes a pie”;

“Kolyad - Kolyad, cheerful and rich.

Sow, be born, live and wheat,

Barley, oats, buckwheat, peas, lentils.”

And during Maslenitsa - a Mordovian call with the following content:

“Sunny come out, come out,

You will receive a spoonful of porridge.

Sunshine come out, come out

You will receive a red cockerel."

An integral part of folk culture are festive customs and rituals.

Like the Russians, revered New Year holidays The Mordovians had Christmas, Christmastide, and Epiphany. The period from Christmas to Epiphany was everywhere a time of rest, games, entertainment, and festivities for young people. On the day of Epiphany, the Mordovian people glorified Christ: people went to visit each other and gave gifts. Children took a big part in the holidays: they dressed up in animal skins and masks, walked around the courtyards and sang carols. It was believed that the more carolers in a house with their good wishes, the richer the owners will be in the new year.

The celebration of Epiphany (kasharni) among the Chuvash was similar, but also different from the Mordovian one. Chuvash youth celebrated for a week: from Christmas to Epiphany. The day before Epiphany, the girls gathered in one of the houses, brewed drinks (beer) and cooked pies. In the evening the whole village gathered at the house. The girls first treated the elderly and parents. Like the Russians and the Mordovians, the Chuvash youth spent the evening in entertainment, the girls guessed about their betrothed. During the celebration of the kasharny, mummers walked around the village: they acted out scenes from the life of the village.

Preschoolers can be introduced to the folk traditions of celebrating Epiphany through the organization of leisure (entertainment) “Once on Epiphany Evening” with the active participation of the parents of the group’s pupils. During leisure time, children “go to visit” first the Mistress of the Russian hut, then the hostesses of other dwellings (Mordovian, Chuvash) and, through ritual actions, proverbs, chants, they gain ideas about ethnic customs and their similarities.

The spring cycle among the peoples of the Volga region began with the call of warmth, sun, and the arrival of birds. To do this, they baked “Larks” or “Swallows” from dough, with which children climbed to the roofs of houses and sang chants. During the farewell to winter, on Maslenitsa, the Mordovians, like the Russians, treated themselves all week delicious pancakes, people walked around the courtyards, had fun, sledded from Maslenitsa Mountain. Since the pancake is considered a symbol of the sun among the Mordovian (as well as Russian) peoples, a carousel in the shape of the sun was built in Mordovian settlements.

The winter cycle also ended with the festival of Savarni (Maslenitsa) and Chuvash peoples. To speed up the movements of the sun and the arrival of spring, it was customary to bake pancakes and sled around the village in the direction of the sun. At the end of Maslenitsa week, an effigy of the “old woman of savarni” was burned.

Children of senior preschool age can be introduced to similar (among Russians, Mordovians, Chuvash) ethnic traditions of seeing off winter and welcoming spring through folklore holiday“Broad Maslenitsa”, the holding of which has become traditional for many modern preschool educational institutions.

WITH distinctive features Children can be introduced to the custom of welcoming spring among the Tatars during the educational evening “Now we’ll find out” or “Meetings with interesting people”, when a group guest talks about folk traditions. “Watch the ice” (“Boz karau, boz bagu”) is a holiday of the arrival of spring, celebrated among Tatar peoples and associated with the ice drift: all the residents came out to the river bank to watch the ice drift; young people walked dressed up with accordions; Straw was laid out and lit on floating ice floes, which symbolized the arrival of spring. Sometimes a scarecrow was made from straw, which was placed on one of the last ice floes, set on fire and sent downstream; this symbolized the affirmation of spring and warmth.

Children are also introduced to the traditions of the Volga region peoples through fairy tales with multiethnic content. It is advisable to select fairy tales in accordance with the folk calendar. The communicative study of fairy tales is multicultural in nature: each national fairy tale is studied according to one general algorithm, permeated with the same integration connections, analyzed and compared with the content of others national fairy tales, and then is considered in a dyad with a fairy tale of another people, built on a similar plot.

Familiarization of preschoolers with the ethnic traditions of the peoples of the Volga region, neighboring the Nizhny Novgorod region and whose representatives are part of the families of preschool children (Mordovians, Chuvash, Kazan Tatars), makes it possible to comprehensively solve the problems of multicultural education and cognitive development child, forming primary ideas about the small homeland and Fatherland, about the sociocultural values ​​of our people in accordance with the requirements of the federal state standard of preschool education.

Literature:

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ETHNIC TRADISHIONS OF PEOPLE ON THE UPPER VOLGA

IN MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION

OF CHILDREN OF PRE-SCHOOL AGE

O.I. Kosheleva

Summary. The possibilities of arrangement of ethnocultural educational space in pre-school educational organization and accustom children to ethnic traditions of people of Upper Volga (Mordvinian, Chuvash, Tatar) is examined in the article.

Keywords: multicultural education, ethnocultural educational space, ethnic traditions.

“Introducing preschoolers to the culture

peoples of the Middle Volga region through the use

museum pedagogy»

One of the main tasks of educating preschoolers facing modern stage before the educator, is to cultivate love for the native land. The idea of ​​the Motherland begins in children with a picture, the music the child hears, and the nature surrounding him.

Year after year it expands, enriches, and improves. Great values To form, expand and deepen ideas about the native land, fostering love for the native land, local local history material is used in the educational process.

It is useful to introduce preschoolers to the traditions of the peoples of their native land, cultural values, since local history information is closer and more understandable to them and arouses their cognitive interest.

Russia is a multinational state in which representatives of many nationalities live. Despite the fact that each nation has its own language, history and traditions, we are all one friendly family.

The peoples of Russia are trying to live together and establish good relations in the spheres of culture, science, tourism, and trade. Every nation observes its own national traditions and customs that are carefully passed down from generation to generation and are a tribute to ancestors. Much has been written about the importance of introducing a preschooler to the culture and traditions of his people and region, since turning to the paternal heritage fosters respect and pride for the land on which you live. Children need to know and study the history and culture of their ancestors. It is the emphasis on knowledge of the history of the people, their culture that will help in the future to treat with respect and interest cultural traditions other peoples.

Therefore, at present we are showing increasing interest in the traditions, history, and culture of our small homeland. To do this, we use in our work one of the forms of introducing children to their native land - the organization of mini-museums in kindergartens. The creation of a mini-museum in kindergarten is one of the first sources of introducing children to the treasures of history, culture, and art. The mini-museum is part of the educational process. It is mandatory to combine subject material with a program aimed at demonstrating the child’s creative activity.

Our kindergarten is attended by children of different nationalities. The majority, of course, are Russian, but there are also Tatars, Chuvashs, and Mordovians. Having studied the literature about the peoples and their traditions, we decided to organize a mini-museum in the group on the theme: “Peoples of the Middle Volga Region.”

A little Tatar, Chuvash, Russian, and others should have an idea of ​​the culture, way of life, and life of another people, accessible to their age. During the classes we will tell children about the peoples of the Middle Volga region, read poems, fairy tales, and introduce various national games. For example, when collecting material on the topic “Holidays and Rituals,” we are studying the holiday of all Russians - Maslenitsa. The Tatars call their national holidays Beyram. The first beyram "spring celebration" for the Tatars is associated with ice drift. The Russians burn an effigy of Maslenitsa, and the Tatars lay out straw on the floating ice floes and lit it on fire. Nowadays, the holiday of ice drift among the Tatars has lost its former popularity. But again it becomes ubiquitous and beloved spring holiday Tatars - Sabantuy. This is a very beautiful, kind and wise holiday. It includes various rituals and games. At its core, it resembles the Russian Easter holiday. Among the peoples of Chuvashia, the holiday of farewell to winter is called Savarni. At the end of this holiday, the Chuvash also burn an effigy - the effigy of the “old woman Savarni”.

A separate section introduces you to in the popular word. Here we discuss with children the meaning of Russian folk proverbs, Tatar, Chuvash, Mordovian. The Russians say: “An attempt is not torture, but among the Tatars this proverb is translated into Russian: “Rather than remain lying on the ground, it is better to try to shoot.”

The Russian proverb: “A tree lives by roots, and man by friends,” among the Chuvash it sounds like: “A bird is strong with its wings, and man is strong with friendship.”

In working with children, we will use a variety of museum games: entertainment games, travel games, intellectual - creative games, story-based games literary works, didactic games museum content.

Sample Topics mini-museum:

"Peoples of the Volga region"

"Costumes of the peoples of the Volga region",

« Russian hut»,

“Favorite tales of the peoples of the Volga region”,

"Folk crafts of the peoples of the Volga region"

"Holidays and rituals of the peoples of the Volga region",

The importance of folk traditions is great for the education of the younger generation. Folk art is the embodied idea of ​​the people about beauty and goodness, about wealth native land. By turning to the peculiarities of culture and life, children realize that they belong to the cultural and natural environment and will understand the extent of their responsibility for its preservation and enhancement.

The culture and traditions of the peoples of the Volga region are alive as long as they are respected and protected.