The best artists of the 19th century. Foreign artists of the 19th century: the most prominent figures of fine art and their legacy

Russian art culture the origins of which began with classicism, which acquired a powerful folk sound, as high classicism, which was reflected in painting, gradually moved from romanticism to realism in Russian fine art. Contemporaries of that time especially appreciated the direction of painting by Russian artists, in which the historical genre with an emphasis on national themes predominated.

But at the same time in art historical painting there were no significant changes compared to the masters of the second half of the 18th century and from the very beginning of the history of Russian portraiture. Russian artists often dedicated their works to genuine heroes ancient Rus', whose exploits inspired the writing historical paintings. Russian painters of the early 19th century established their own principle for describing portraits and paintings, developing their own directions in painting, in the depiction of man and nature, indicating a completely independent figurative concept.

Russian artists in their paintings reflected various ideals of national uplift, gradually abandoning the strict principles of classicism imposed by academic foundations. The 19th century was marked by a high flourishing of Russian painting, in which Russian artists left an indelible mark on the history of Russian art for posterity. visual arts, imbued with the spirit of a comprehensive reflection of the life of the people.

The largest researchers of Russian painting in general note the outstanding role in the high flowering of the creativity of the great Russian artists and fine arts of the 19th century. Achievements and conquests of painting of the 19th century, in which they showed themselves domestic artists have great significance and unique value in the fine arts; paintings created by Russian artists have always enriched Russian culture.

Famous artists of the 19th century

His portraits reflect the beauty of excitement, refined inner world images and states of mind. Contemporaries compared his works with the genres of lyrical poetry, poetic dedication to friends, which was well common in Pushkin’s time.

Kiprensky in many ways discovered new possibilities for himself in painting. Each of his portraits is distinguished by a new pictorial structure, well-chosen light and shadow, and varied contrast. Orest Kiprensky is an outstanding master of portrait art, who has received particular fame among Russian artists.

Having completely surrendered to the romance of the landscape and the natural environment of perception, Shchedrin, as it were, compensates with his paintings for the fallen interest of the artists of that time in the landscape.

Shchedrin experienced the dawn of his creativity and recognition. Having graduated from the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, came to Italy in 1818 and lived for more than 10 years, in Rome, Naples, Amalfi and Sorento, where he spent his recent months life. Having lived a short but creative life, Shchedrin was never able to return to Russia.

Tropinin developed his own independent figurative style of portraiture, which characterizes a specific Moscow genre of painting. At that time, Tropinin became the central figure of the Moscow beau monde; his work was especially reflected in the 20s and 30s, which brought him celebrity.

His softly painted portraits are distinguished by high pictorial merits and ease of perception, human images are perceived with characteristic truthfulness and calmness without much internal excitement.

(1780-1847) The founder of the peasant everyday genre in Russian painting, His famous portrait Reaper, painting > Reapers, Girl in a headscarf, Spring in the arable land, Peasant woman with cornflowers, Zakharka and others. We can especially emphasize the painting of the Threshing Floor, which attracted the attention of Emperor Alexander 1, he was touched vivid images peasants, truthfully conveyed by the artist.

The artist loved ordinary people, finding a certain lyricism in this, this was reflected in his paintings showing the difficult peasant life. his best works were created in the 20s. Venetsianov is a master of pastel, pencil and oil portraits, cartoons.

The style of his work is a student of Borovikovsky. His paintings contain the most ordinary and simple scenes from village life: peasants in everyday and difficult work, simple serf girls at the harvest, or men at haymaking or plowing. The significance of Venetsianov’s work in the visual arts is especially great, one of the first to establish the folk, peasant everyday genre.

His paintings and portraits are composed of contrasts of light and shadow. . Influenced by traditional academic classicism, Karl Bryullov endowed his paintings with historical authenticity, romantic spirit and psychological truth.

Bryullov was a magnificent master of ceremonial portraits in which he clearly emphasized characteristic features man, In other portraits he uses a more restrained coloring, a portrait of the outstanding Russian sculptor I.P. Vitali, Poet N.V. Kukolnik, writer A.N. Strugovshchikov. In ceremonial portraits, he surpassed many artists of his time.

For my own sake long life Ivanov created many paintings, for each painting he writes many sketches of landscapes and portraits. He returned to his homeland in 1858, where he died of illness.

Ivanov is a man of extraordinary intelligence, always striving to show the elements in his works popular movements in Russian history and deeply believed in the great future of Mother Russia. Ahead of his time in the search for Russian realistic painting, the work of the great artist left an indelible mark of his skill for posterity.

The trends in painting of the 19th century closely resemble the trends of the previous century. At the beginning of the century, the leading direction in many countries was. Originating in the 18th century, this style continued to develop, moreover in different countries its development had individual characteristics.

Classicism

Artists who worked in this direction again turn to the images of antiquity. However, through classic stories they are trying to express revolutionary sentiments - the desire for freedom, patriotism, harmony between man and society. A prominent representative of revolutionary classicism was the artist Louis David. True, over time, classicism developed into a conservative trend, which was supported by the state, which means it became faceless, sleek by censorship.

A particularly bright flourishing of painting in the 19th century was observed in Russia. At this time, many new styles and trends emerged here. The analogue of classicism in Russia was academicism. This style had the features of the classical European style - an appeal to the images of antiquity, sublime themes, and idealization of images.

Romanticism

This is a capacious direction, reflected in the art of many countries. Its meaning is the exaltation of the revolutionary struggle, the creation of new canons of beauty, painting pictures not only with a brush, but also with the heart. Emotionality is at the forefront here. Romanticism is characterized by an introduction to completely real story allegorical images, skillful play of chiaroscuro. Representatives of this trend were Francisco Goya, Eugene Delacroix, and Rousseau. In Russia, the works of Karl Bryullov are classified as romanticism.

Realism

An interesting phenomenon of the 19th century was the Barbizon School of Artists. This term united several French masters who developed their own, dissimilar style. If in the directions of classicism and romanticism nature different ways idealized, the Barbizonians sought to depict landscapes from life. In their paintings there are images native nature, And simple people on this background. The most famous artists Barbizons are Theodore Rousseau, Jules Despres, Virgil la Peña, Jean-François Millet, Charles Daubigny.

Jean-Francois Millet

The creativity of the Barbizonians influenced further development 19th century painting. Firstly, artists of this trend have followers in a number of countries, including Russia. Secondly, the Barbizons gave impetus to the emergence of impressionism. They were the first to paint in the open air. IN further traditions images of real landscapes were picked up by the impressionists.

It became the final stage in painting of the 19th century, and occurred in the last third of the century. Impressionist artists approached the depiction of reality in an even more revolutionary way. They sought to convey not nature itself, nor images in detail, but the impression that this or that phenomenon produces.

Impressionism was a breakthrough in the history of painting. This period gave the world many new techniques and unique works of art.

Nikolay Nevrev. "Bargaining. A scene from serf life." 1866

One landowner sells a serf girl to another. Imposingly shows the buyer five fingers - five hundred rubles. 500 rubles - the average price of a Russian serf in the first half of the 19th century. The girl's seller is a European-educated nobleman. Pictures on the walls, books. The girl humbly awaits her fate, other slaves crowd at the door and watch how the bargaining will end. Yearning.

Vasily Perov. "Rural religious procession at Easter." 1861

Russian village of the 19th century. Orthodox Easter. Everyone is drunk as hell, including the priest. The guy in the center is carrying the icon upside down and is about to fall. Some have already fallen. Funny! The essence of the picture is that the Russian people’s commitment to Orthodoxy is exaggerated. Addiction to alcohol is clearly stronger. Perov was a recognized master genre painting and a portrait. But this painting of his was prohibited from being shown or reproduced in Tsarist Russia. Censorship!

Grigory Myasoedov. "The zemstvo is having lunch." 1872

Times of Alexander II. Serfdom cancelled. Introduced local government- zemstvos. Peasants were also chosen there. But between them and the higher classes there is an abyss. Therefore - dining apartheid. Gentlemen are in the house, with waiters, peasants are at the door.

Fedor Vasiliev. "Village". 1869

1869 The landscape is beautiful, but the village, if you look closely, is poor. Poor houses, leaky roofs, the road is buried in mud.

Jan Hendrik Verheyen. "Dutch village with figures of people." 1st half 19th century.
Well, that's it, for comparison :)

Alexey Korzukhin. "Return from the city." 1870

The situation in the house is poor, a child is crawling on the shabby floor, and for an older daughter, her father brought a modest gift from the city - a bunch of bagels. True, there are many children in the family - only in the picture there are three of them, plus perhaps another one in a homemade cradle.

Sergey Korovin. "On the World". 1893

This is already a village of the late 19th century. There are no more serfs, but a division has appeared - fists. At a village gathering there is some kind of dispute between a poor man and a kulak. For the poor man, the topic is apparently vitally important; he almost sobs. The rich fist laughs at him. The other fists in the background are also giggling at the loser beggar. But the comrade to the poor man’s right was imbued with his words. There are already two ready-made members of the committee; all that remains is to wait until 1917.

Vasily Maksimov. "Auction for arrears". 1881-82.

The tax office is furious. Tsarist officials auction samovars, cast iron pots and other peasant belongings. The heaviest taxes on peasants were redemption payments. Alexander II “the Liberator” actually freed the peasants for money - they were then obliged to pay their native state for many years for the plots of land that were given to them along with their will. In fact, the peasants had this land before; they used it for many generations while they were serfs. But when they became free, they were forced to pay for this land. Payment had to be made in installments, right up to 1932. In 1907, against the backdrop of the revolution, the authorities abolished these taxes.

Vladimir Makovsky. "On the boulevard." 1886-1887

At the end of the 19th century. Industrialization came to Russia. Young people go to the city. She's going crazy there. Their old life is no longer interesting to them. And this young hard worker is not even interested in his peasant wife, who came to him from the village. She's not advanced. The girl is terrified. The proletarian with an accordion doesn’t care.

Vladimir Makovsky. "Date". 1883

There is poverty in the village. The boy was given away to the public. Those. sent to the city to work for an owner who exploits child labor. The mother came to visit her son. Tom obviously has a hard life, his mother sees everything. The boy greedily eats the bread he brought.

Vladimir Makovsky. "Bank collapse." 1881

A crowd of defrauded depositors in a bank office. Everyone is in shock. The rogue banker (on the right) is quietly getting away with the dough. The policeman looks in the other direction, as if he doesn’t see him.

Pavel Fedotov. " Fresh gentleman". 1846

The young official received his first order. They washed it all night. The next morning, putting the cross directly on his robe, he shows it to the cook. A crazy look full of arrogance. The cook, personifying the people, looks at him with irony. Fedotov would be a master of such psychological paintings. The meaning of this: flashing lights are not on cars, but in heads.

Pavel Fedotov. "Aristocrat's Breakfast". 1849-1850.

Morning, the impoverished nobleman was taken by surprise by unexpected guests. He hastily covers his breakfast (a piece of black bread) French novel. Nobles (3% of the population) were a privileged class in old Russia. Owned a huge amount land, but they rarely made a good farmer. Not a lord's business. The result is poverty, debt, everything is mortgaged and re-mortgaged in banks. In Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard, the estate of the landowner Ranevskaya is sold for debts. Buyers (rich merchants) are destroying the estate, and one of them really needs a lordly The Cherry Orchard(to resell as dachas). The reason for the problems of the Ranevsky family is idleness over several generations. No one was taking care of the estate, and the owner herself had been living abroad for the last 5 years and wasting money.

Boris Kustodiev. "Merchant". 1918

Provincial merchants are Kustodiev’s favorite topic. While the nobles in Paris squandered their estates, these people rose from the bottom, making money in a huge country, where there was plenty of room to invest their hands and capital. It is noteworthy that the picture was painted in 1918, when the Kustodiev merchants and merchant women throughout the country were already being pushed to the wall by fighters against the bourgeoisie.

Ilya Repin. "Religious procession in the Kursk province." 1880-1883

Different layers of society come to the religious procession, and Repin depicted them all. They carry a lantern with candles in front, an icon behind it, then they walk the best people- officials in uniforms, priests in gold, merchants, nobles. On the sides there are guards (on horseback), then there are ordinary people. People on the side of the road periodically rake in order not to cut off the bosses and get into his lane. Tretyakov did not like the police officer in the picture (on the right, in white, beating someone from the crowd with all his might). He asked the artist to remove this cop chaos from the plot. But Repin refused. But Tretyakov bought the painting anyway. For 10,000 rubles, which was simply a colossal amount at that time.

Ilya Repin. "Gathering". 1883

But these young guys in another painting by Repin no longer go with the crowd to all sorts of religious processions. They have their own way - terror. This " People's Will", an underground organization of revolutionaries who killed Tsar Alexander II.

Nikolai Bogdanov-Belsky. "Oral counting. In public school S.A.Rachinsky". 1895

Rural school. Peasant children in bast shoes. But there is a desire to learn. The teacher is in a European suit with a bow tie. This a real man- Sergei Rachinsky. Mathematician, professor at Moscow University. He taught on a voluntary basis at rural school in the village Tatevo (now Tver region), where he had an estate. Great deal. According to the 1897 census, the literacy rate in Russia was only 21%.

Jan Matejko. "Chained Poland". 1863

According to the 1897 census, literate people in the country were 21%, and Great Russians - 44%. Empire! Interethnic relations in the country have never been smooth. Painting Polish artist Jana Matejko was written in memory of the anti-Russian uprising of 1863. Russian officers with angry faces shackle a girl (Poland), defeated, but not broken. Behind her sits another girl (blonde), who symbolizes Lithuania. She is groped dirty by another Russian. The Pole on the right, sitting facing the viewer, is the spitting image of Dzerzhinsky.

Nikolay Pimomenko. "Victim of fanaticism." 1899

The painting shows real case, which was in the city of Kremenets (Western Ukraine). A Jewish girl fell in love with a Ukrainian blacksmith. The newlyweds decided to get married with the bride converting to Christianity. This worried the local Jewish community. They behaved extremely intolerantly. The parents (on the right in the picture) disowned their daughter, and the girl was obstructed. The victim has a cross on his neck, in front of her is a rabbi with fists, behind him is a concerned public with clubs.

Franz Roubo. "Assault on the village of Gimry." 1891

Caucasian War of the 19th century. Hellish mixture of Dags and Chechens by the tsarist army. The village of Gimry (Shamil’s ancestral village) fell on October 17, 1832. By the way, since 2007, a counter-terrorist operation regime has been in effect in the village of Gimry again. The last (at the time of writing this post) clearing by riot police was on April 11, 2013. The first is in the picture below:

Vasily Vereshchagin. "Opium eaters." 1868

The painting was painted by Vereshchagin in Tashkent during one of the Turkestan campaigns of the Russian army. middle Asia was then annexed to Russia. How the participants in the campaigns saw the ancestors of today's guest workers - Vereshchagin left paintings and memoirs about this. Dirt, poverty, drugs...

Peter Belousov. "We will go the other way!".1951
And finally, the main event in the history of Russia in the 19th century. On April 22, 1870, Volodya Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk. His elder brother, a Narodnaya Volya member, tried himself, perhaps, in the sphere of individual terror - he was preparing an attempt on the life of the Tsar. But the attempt failed and the brother was hanged. That’s when young Volodya, according to legend, told his mother: “We will go a different way!” And let's go.

Russian artists

In the motley string of years of distant childhood, one wonderful summer day remained especially vivid in the memory of Vladimir Aleksandrovich Vasiliev. “I consider this day decisive in my life as an artist. For the first time, I experienced that feeling of special happiness, fullness of life, which so often overwhelmed me later, when I became an artist, in those moments when you are left alone with nature and always perceive it with some new and joyful amazement.

Korovin Konstantin Alekseevich, famous Russian painter and theater artist. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture - in the architectural department (1875), and then (from 1876) in the painting department under I. Pryanishnikov., V. Perov, L. Savrasov! and V. Polenov. For several months (1882-83) he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Finished art education at the School (1883-1886).

Kramskoy Ivan Nikolaevich
(1837-1887)

Kramskoy Ivan Nikolaevich, an outstanding Russian painter and progressive artistic figure. Born in Ostrogozhsk, Voronezh province, into a poor middle-class family. He received his initial knowledge at the district school. I have been drawing on my own since childhood. At the age of sixteen he became a retoucher for a Kharkov photographer.

Kuindzhi Arkhip Ivanovich
(1842-1910)

A.I. Kuindzhi was the son of a poor Greek shoemaker from Mariupol, he was orphaned early, and he had to achieve everything in life on his own. In the early 1860s, his passion for drawing led him to St. Petersburg, where he twice tried to enter the Academy of Arts, but was unsuccessful. There was not enough preparation, because he acquired all his painting experience as a retoucher in a photographic workshop.

Kustodiev Boris Mikhailovich
(1878 - 1927)

Kustodiev Boris Mikhailovich, outstanding Russian Soviet painter, graphic artist, theater artist, sculptor. Born in Astrakhan, he spent his childhood, adolescence and youth on the banks of the Volga. Subsequently, being already a famous painter, he lived for a long time in Derevenka near Kineshma, built a house-workshop there, which he called “terem”. On the Volga, Kustodiev grew up and matured as an artist. He dedicated many of his paintings to the Volga and Volga residents. Motherland gave him a deep knowledge of Russian life and folk life, love for noisy, crowded fairs, festivities, booths, those bright and joyful colors that entered Russian painting with him.

Lagorio Lev Feliksovich
(1827-1905)

Lagorio Lev Feliksovich - Russian landscape painter, marine painter. Born into the family of the Neapolitan consul in Feodosia. His teacher was I.K. Aivazovsky. Since 1843, Lagorio studied in St. Petersburg at the Academy of Arts with A. I. Sauerweid and M. N. Vorobyov.

Levitan Isaac Ilyich
(1861-1900)

Born in the town of Kybarty in Lithuania in the family of a railway employee. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1873-74) with A. Savrasov and V. Polenov. From 1884 he performed at exhibitions of the Association of Itinerants; since 1891 - member of the Partnership. Since 1898 - academician landscape painting. Levitan created many wonderful, heartfelt images of Russian nature. His work developed lyrical beginning, which is inherent in the painting of his teacher and mentor A. Savrasov.

Malevich Kazimir Severinovich
(1878-1935)

The name of Kazimir Malevich quickly acquired its rightful place in the history of Russian art as soon as the official Soviet ideology collapsed. This happened all the more easily because great artist has long gained lasting fame outside the Fatherland. It’s time to publish a bibliography dedicated to him. separate publication, and nine-tenths of it consists of books and articles on foreign languages: Numerous studies in Russian began to be published from the late 1980s, when the first major exhibition of Malevich took place in his homeland after decades of silence and blasphemy.

Malyutin Sergey Vasilievich
(1859-1937)

Was born future artist September 22, 1859 in a Moscow merchant family. Left an orphan for three years, he was brought up in the house of his aunt, the wife of a minor official. The boy was sent to a commercial school, and then to accounting courses, after which he was assigned to serve as a clerk in Voronezh. His artistic inclinations manifested themselves early. But the environment did little to promote their development. It was only in the late 1870s, when he attended a traveling exhibition that opened in Voronezh, that Malyutin saw genuine painting for the first time. Long-standing vague dreams became concrete: the decision was made, despite any difficulties, to become an artist.

Nesterov Mikhail Vasilievich
(1862- 1942)

Nesterov Mikhail Vasilievich, outstanding Russian Soviet artist. Born in Ufa into a merchant family. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1877-86) and at the Academy of Arts with V. Perov, I. Pryanishnikov and P. Chistyakov. Initially he tried himself in the everyday genre: “Victim of Friends” (1881), “Exam in a Country School” (1884). In 1882 he married Maria Martynova, who died in 1885 from childbirth. This tragedy greatly influenced the artist’s entire subsequent work. He abandoned lightweight genres and turned to historical and religious themes.

Perov Vasily Grigorievich
(1834-1882)

One of the founders of realistic painting in the 60s was Vasily Grigorievich Perov- a successor of Fedotov’s accusatory tendencies. In excitement and anxiety Russian life he finds the soil for his creativity, that nutrient medium without which the artist cannot exist. Perov boldly and openly rushes into battle, exposing the falsehood and hypocrisy of church rituals ( "Rural religious procession at Easter", 1861), parasitism and depravity of priests and monks ( "Tea drinking in Mytishchi", 1862; both in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow).

Polenov Vasily Dmitrievich
(1844- 1927)

Born in St. Petersburg in artistic family. Mother is an artist, father is a famous archaeologist and bibliographer, member of the Academy of Sciences, connoisseur and lover of the arts. As a child, he studied music. He graduated from the gymnasium in Petrozavodsk and entered the Academy of Arts (1863) in the class of historical painting and at the same time the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. However, he did not give up studying music and sang in the Academic Choir for some time. While still a student, he visited Germany and France, admiring R. Wagner and J. Offenbach.

Repin Ilya Efimovich
(1844-1933)

Repin Ilya Efimovich, an outstanding Russian artist, representative of democratic realism. Born in Chuguev, Kharkov province, into the family of a military settler. At the age of thirteen he began to study painting in Chuguev with the artist N. Bunakov. He worked in icon painting artels. In 1863 he came to St. Petersburg and entered the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts. I met I. Kramskoy, who became the young artist’s mentor for many years.

Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich
(1874- 1947)

Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich, an outstanding Russian artist, art critic, archaeologist and public figure. Born in St. Petersburg. He studied in St. Petersburg at the Meya gymnasium (1883-93). Took drawing lessons from M. Mikeshin. He graduated from the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University (1893-96) and the painting department of the Academy of Arts (1893-97) in the class of A. Kuindzhi. The latter sought to develop in his students a sense of decorative color. Without giving up working from life, he insisted that paintings be painted from memory. The artist had to conceive the idea of ​​the painting.

Savitsky Konstantin Apollonovich
(1844-1905)

Savitsky Konstantin Apollonovich, Russian painter and genre painter. Born in Taganrog into the family of a military doctor. In 1862 he entered the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, but due to insufficient preparation he was forced to leave and after two years of intensive independent work in 1864 he again entered the Academy. In 1871 he received a minor gold medal for the painting "Cain and Abel". Already in his academic years he was close to the Art Artel of I. Kramskoy, and later to the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions and exhibited at the 2nd traveling exhibition(1873). This aroused dissatisfaction with the Academy administration, which, finding fault with the first reason that came up (an exam not passed on time due to marriage), expelled Savitsky from the Academy (1873).

Savrasov Alexey Kondratievich
(1830-1890)

There are paintings without which it is impossible to imagine Russian art, just as it is impossible to imagine Russian literature without Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”, Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin”, And this does not have to be a large and complex work. Such a true pearl of Russian landscape painting was the small, modest painting by Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov (1830-1897) “The Rooks Have Arrived.” She appeared at the first exhibition of the Association of Itinerants in 1871.

Serov Valentin Alexandrovich
(1865-1911)

Even during the life of V. A. Serov, and even more so after his death, art historians and artists argued about who Serov was: the last painter of the old school of the 19th century. or a representative of new art? The most correct answer to this question would be: both. Serov is traditional; in the history of Russian painting he could be called the son of Repin. But true successors of traditions do not stop there, but move forward and search. Serov searched more than others. He did not know the feeling of satisfaction. He was always on the move. That's why he became the artist who organically combined art XIX and XX centuries.

Surikov Vasily Ivanovich
(1848-1916)

Surikov Vasily Ivanovich, an outstanding Russian historical painter and genre painter. "Ideals historical types Siberia brought up in me.” Born in Krasnoyarsk into the family of a Cossack officer. His father, a passionate music lover, played the guitar superbly and was considered the best singer in Krasnoyarsk. Mother was an excellent embroiderer.

Fedotov Pavel Andreevich
(1815-1852)

Pavel Andreevich Fedotov was born in Moscow on June 22, 1815. My father served as an official and went to work every morning. The Fedotov family was large; they lived poorly, but did not experience any particular need. The neighbors around were simple people - minor officials, retired military officers, poor merchants. Pavlusha Fedotov was especially friendly with the sons of Captain Golovachev, who lived opposite, and his little sister, “sharp-eyed Lyubochka,” as he called her, was friends with Katenka Golovacheva, her same age.

Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich
(1832-1898)

Enter the hall Tretyakov Gallery, where the paintings of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin hang, and it will seem to you as if you were breathing the damp breath of the forest, the fresh wind of the fields, it became sunnier and brighter. In Shishkin’s paintings we see either an early morning in the forest after a night storm, or endless expanses of fields with a path running towards the horizon, or the mysterious twilight of a forest thicket.

Yuon Konstantin Fedorovich
(1875-1958)

Fate was kind in every way K. F. Yuon. He lived a long life. He had a rare happy marriage. Those around him loved him. He never had to struggle with poverty. Success came to him very early and always accompanied him. After the revolution, honors, high awards, titles, leadership positions seemed to seek him out on their own. There were fewer adversities - this was a quarrel for several years with his father (a bank employee) because of Yuon’s marriage to a peasant woman and early death one of the sons.

The 19th century left indelible marks on all forms of art. It's change time social norms and demands, colossal progress in architecture, construction and industry. Reforms and revolutions are being actively carried out in Europe, banking and government organizations are being created, and all these changes directly affected artists. Foreign artists of the 19th century centuries brought painting to a new, more modern level, gradually introducing such trends as impressionism and romanticism, which had to go through many tests before becoming recognized by society. Artists of past centuries were in no hurry to endow their characters with violent emotions, but depicted them as more or less restrained. But impressionism had in its features unbridled and bold fantasy world, which was brightly combined with romantic mystery. In the 19th century, artists began to think outside the box, completely rejecting accepted patterns, and this fortitude is conveyed in the mood of their works. During this period, many artists worked, whose names we still consider great and their works inimitable.

France

Spain

The Iberian Peninsula also gave us many famous names, including:

Netherlands

Vincent van Gogh is one of the most prominent Dutchmen. As everyone knows, Van Gogh suffered from severe mental illness, but this did not affect his inner genius. Executed in unusual technique, his paintings became popular only after the artist’s death. The most famous: " Starlight Night", "Irises", "Sunflowers" are included in the list of the most expensive works of art in the whole world, although Van Gogh did not have any special art education.

Norway

Edvard Munch is a native of Norway, famous for his painting. The work of Edvard Munch is sharply distinguished by melancholicity and a certain recklessness. The death of his mother and sister in childhood and dysfunctional relationships with ladies greatly influenced the artist’s painting style. For example, everyone famous work“Scream” and the equally popular “Sick Girl” carry pain, suffering and oppression.

USA

Kent Rockwell is one of the famous American landscape painters. His works combine realism and romanticism, which very accurately conveys the mood of the person depicted. You can look at his landscapes for hours and interpret the symbols differently each time. Few artists have been able to depict winter nature in such a way that people looking at it truly feel the cold. Color saturation and contrast are Rockwell’s recognizable style.

The 19th century is rich in brilliant creators who made enormous contributions to art. Foreign artists The 19th century opened the door to several new movements such as Post-Impressionism and Romanticism, which actually proved to be a difficult task. Most of them tirelessly proved to society that their creativity has the right to exist, but many succeeded, unfortunately, only after death. Their unbridled character, courage and readiness to fight are combined with exceptional talent and ease of perception, which gives them every right to occupy a significant and significant cell.