The influence of war on human destiny. Unified State Exam Russian language

1. A. S. Pushkin."Eugene Onegin". A person sometimes passes by without noticing his happiness. When the feeling of love arises in him, it becomes too late. This happened with Evgeny Onegin. At first he rejected the love of a village girl. Having met her a few years later, he realized that he was in love. Unfortunately, their happiness is impossible.
2. M. Yu Lermontov."Hero of our time". True love Pechorin to Vera. His frivolous attitude towards Mary and Bela.
3. And S. Turgenev."Fathers and Sons". Evgeny Bazarov denied everything, including love. But life forced him to experience this true feeling for Anna Odintsova. The stern nihilist could not resist the intelligence and charm of this woman.
4. And A. Goncharov."Oblomov." Lyubov Oblomov Olga Ilyinskaya. Olga's desire to pull Ilya out of a state of indifference and laziness. Oblomov tried to find the purpose of life in love. However, the lovers' efforts were in vain.
5. A. N. Ostrovsky. It is impossible to live without love. Proof of this is, for example, the deep drama that Katerina experienced, main character plays by A. N. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm”.
6. I.A. Goncharov."Oblomov." Great power love is the theme of many writers. Often a person is able to change even his life for the sake of his loved one. However, this is not always possible. For example, Ilya Ilyich, the hero of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", for the sake of love, abandoned many of his habits. Olga, having experienced disappointment, leaves Oblomov. The mutually enriching development of their relationship did not work out, because the desire to vegetate “creeping from one day to another” turned out to be stronger for Ilya.
7. L.N. Tolstoy. Love is a great feeling. It can change a person's life. But it can bring a lot of hope and disappointment. However, this condition can also transform a person. Such life situations were described by the great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace". For example, Prince Bolkonsky, after life’s hardships, was convinced that he would never experience happiness or joy again. However, a meeting with Natasha Rostova changed his view of the world. Love is a great power.
8. A. Kuprin. Sometimes it seems that poetry and the magical beauty of love are disappearing from our lives, that people’s feelings are diminishing. The story of A. Kuprin still amazes readers with faith in love “ Garnet bracelet" It can be called a moving hymn of love. Such stories help to maintain the belief that the world is beautiful, and that people sometimes have access to the inaccessible.
9. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The influence of friendship on the formation of personality is a serious topic that worried I. A. Goncharov. The heroes of his novel, peers and friends, I. I. Oblomov and A. I. Stolts, are shown almost according to the same scheme: childhood, environment, education. But Stolz tried to change his friend’s sleepy life. His attempts were unsuccessful. After Oblomov’s death, Andrei took his son Ilya into his family. This is what real friends do.
10. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". In friendship there is mutual influence. Relationships can be fragile if people are unwilling to help each other. This is shown in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The apathetic, difficult-to-rise nature of Ilya Ilyich and the young energy of Andrei Stolts - all this spoke of the impossibility of friendship between these people. However, Andrei made every effort to encourage Oblomov to do some kind of activity. True, Ilya Ilyich could not adequately respond to his friend’s concern. But Stolz’s desires and attempts deserve respect.
11. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Friendship is not always strong, especially if it is based on the subordination of one person to another. A similar situation was described by Turgenev in the novel “Fathers and Sons.” Arkady Kirsanov was at first an ardent supporter of Bazarov's nihilistic views and considered himself his friend. However, he quickly lost his conviction and went over to the side of the older generation. Bazarov, according to Arkady, was left alone. This happened because the friendship was not equal.
12. N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba” (about friendship, camaraderie). It is said in N. Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba” that “there is no holier bond than comradeship.”

Reflections on the influence of war on the fate of a person and a country (based on the story by V. Nekrasov “In the Trenches of Stalingrad”)

Viktor Nekrasov worked on his story, a work of epic sound, from 1944 to 1946. The writer depicts the front, rear, defenders of Stalingrad, the city itself and the great Volga as forces opposing the enemy, creating the conditions for his death. The pages of the novel describe the “trench truth” of great and heroic events.

The hero of the story is Lieutenant Kerzhentsev, who arrived in Stalingrad in the hot summer of 1943, and before his eyes the heroic epic of the city’s defense unfolded. When he arrived in the city, he lived peaceful life. The country built Stalingrad during the first five-year plans; it was prescribed the significance of the most important strategic object of a national scale.

Over the course of several months, the city was bombed numerous times and turned into ruins. There are no entire neighborhoods left; only the black chimneys, the remains of stoves in the ashes, looked especially scary against the background of the clear blue sky.

Sappers led by Kerzhentsev arrived at the thermal power plant, which was to be blown up. The system was led Chief Engineer Georgy Akimovich is a bilious, nervous, irritable person.

Kerzhentsev quickly understood the essence of Georgy Akimovich, his invaluable human qualities: he has golden hands, he is one of those craftsmen on whom the Russian land stands. He knew the plant thoroughly because he built it.

In total, seventy people remained from the battalion in which Kerzhentsev served. The defense line of Stalingrad is a catastrophically small, narrow strip one and a half kilometers wide and five to six kilometers long. Only a few battalions were stationed on the defense line. At the cost of extraordinary dedication, these small forces defended Stalingrad and tried to block the Nazis’ path to the Volga. Behind them was Russian land, “which the enemy did not desecrate.”

Kerzhentsev’s battalion had the task of defending the territory of the Metiz plant. The fighters were instructed to cling their teeth to the ground and hold the territory, even the most a small part her. The defense of Mamayev Kurgan was also a strategic task of the heroic battalion.

Each fighter from Kerzhentsev’s entourage during the battle, holed up in his own trench, was cut off from his comrades by continuous enemy fire. Together with a rifle and a machine gun, it constituted a separate combat unit, firing at enemy positions.

The battles were defensive; sometimes the defense participants undertook separate attacks of an offensive nature. So, as a result of a crushing hand-to-hand attack, an unnamed height was captured. The Germans cut off the participants in the assault, and they had to hold out without water and with the dying wounded for two days until reinforcements arrived.

Communication with the mainland was dangerous; there, beyond the Volga, they are ours. From there, the soldiers of the Stalingrad group were supplied with food and ammunition, and wounded soldiers were taken there. Under these conditions, it was impossible to rely only on a night crossing: the front required enormous effort. Without an established connection with the rear, its power would dry up.

Therefore, the crossing operated during the day.

How many times did Kerzhentsev and his comrades witness how our boats and soldiers perished in the waters of the Volga under the crushing fire of the Germans. Sometimes the lucky ones managed to overcome the danger, arrive unharmed on the other side and return back.

Wonderful people surrounded Kerzhentsev - lieutenant builder Lisagor with his company, company commander Chumak, his brave comrade, officer Sedykh, clever orderly Valega, hero and home front worker Georgy Akimovich.

It was always especially dangerous to be at the most advanced lines of defense, in the center of events: every person was at any moment at mortal risk. On the day when Kerzhentsev’s formation repulsed seven attacks, four people were killed, four were wounded, and a machine gun was destroyed.

And yet, several months of defensive battles led to the fulfillment of the plan: the forces fueling the Nazi offensive were catastrophically melting. And although the battles were grueling, it was felt that the enemy had weakened, lost confidence, and his end was near.

It should not be argued that only the war made the defenders of Stalingrad heroes, true patriots, devoted to the idea of ​​defending the Fatherland. These people originally had such qualities. The war only tested their strength.

The author wishes to draw the readers' attention to the bravery of those who fought. To do this, Boris Vasiliev retells the legend about the unknown soldier who defended Brest Fortress from the Germans. The author admires the courage of the defender, because to save the Motherland he fought alone. “A year of fighting in the unknown, without neighbors to the left and right, without orders and rears, without shifts and letters from home.”

Boris Vasiliev also talks about old woman, who lost her son Nikolai in the war and comes to Brest every year on June 22. The author notes that the woman does not leave the station, but spends the whole day reading the inscription on the plate that hangs at the entrance to the station. B.L. Vasiliev wants to show how important it is for a woman to know that her son was a worthy defender of the Fatherland. “There is no need to explain anything to her: it is not so important where our sons lie. All that matters is what they fought for."

I will prove my point by turning to Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace,” which describes the events of the War of 1812. Petya Rostov is still a very young boy. But, seeing the danger that threatened his homeland, he decided to go fight. Petya asked his father to get him a job under the threat of escape. No matter how hard his mother, Princess Natalya Rostova, tried to persuade her beloved son to abandon this idea, young Rostov insisted on his own. Petya went to war, but never returned. He died with dignity, like a real warrior, a soldier. But how much pain Petya’s death brought to his parents! L.N. With this episode, Tolstoy showed how the war took the lives of very young boys.

Another example that confirms my idea is the events of the Great Patriotic War. When its beginning was announced, many boys, having barely graduated from school or even not finishing their studies, went to the front. They were forbidden because of their young age, but they still ran away because they knew what danger threatened their homeland. Soviet Union won this war, but at what cost! Tens of millions killed and wounded. Every family had a loss, an irreparable loss. There is no father, husband, brother or son. All of them are heroes, because, without sparing their lives, they defended their Motherland. This war spared no one, not even the unarmed people in the rear, who were eagerly awaiting the end of the horror that was happening around them. There were also many killed among them.

So, war is a terrible phenomenon that people should avoid, because its victims are human lives. I would like to believe that such cruel ordeals will not happen again in the future.

Vasil Bykov “Sotnikov”, “Obelisk” A striking example moral choice can be found in Vasil Bykov’s work “Sotnikov”. Partisan Sotnikov, faced with a choice between life and death, was not afraid of execution and admitted to the investigator that he was a partisan, and the others had nothing to do with it. Another example can be found in Vasil Bykov’s story “Obelisk”: teacher Moroz, having a choice to stay alive or die along with the students whom he always taught goodness and justice, chooses death, remaining a morally free person.

Arguments for the essay

A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" A hero with high moral qualities is Petrusha Grinev, a character in A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter.” Peter did not sully his honor even in those cases when he could have paid for it with his head. It was highly worthy of respect and pride moral person. He could not leave Shvabrin’s slander against Masha unpunished, so he challenged him to a duel. Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev: he is a person for whom the concept of honor and nobility does not exist at all. He walked over the heads of others, stepping over himself to please his momentary desires.

Happiness

Arguments for the essay

A.I. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” Everyone understands happiness differently. The hero of the story, for example, by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” recognizes himself as “happy” because he did not end up in a punishment cell, received an extra bowl of soup, did not get sick, but the main thing is that he rejoices in honest work. The writer admires the patience and hard work of the Russian people, who believes in God and hopes for his help.

Evil, good and artistic activity

Arguments for the essay

Akutagawa Ryunosuke "The Torments of Hell" Creates a psychological portrait of the elder artist Yoshihide, very famous in his area - primarily for his terrible, asocial character and corresponding paintings. The only thing that pleases his eyes is his only daughter. One day, the ruler ordered a painting from him depicting Hell and the torment of sinners in it. The old man agreed, however, on the condition that for greater realism he would see the death of a woman in a falling carriage. He was given this opportunity, however, as it turned out later, that woman turned out to be his own daughter. Yoshihide calmly works on the painting, but upon completion, he commits suicide. Thus, it is worth assessing art through morality, but this assessment entirely depends on the actual ideals of the assessing subject. Yoshihide had one value - his daughter, whom he lost because of art.

Does a person have freedom of choice?

Arguments for the essay

V. Zakrutkin "Mother of Man" The main character Maria, having met a wounded enemy (German), was faced with a moral choice: to kill him or not to kill him? for all their atrocities, but it was a boy, his cry of “mother” stopped her, the heroine could not take a desperate step, she managed to stop in time, realizing that the hatred that overwhelmed her would not lead to anything good. V. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera" On the shores of the Angara, the authorities were going to build a dam, which would flood the nearby island, so the population had to move to another place. The main character, old lady Daria, is presented with the right to a moral choice: to leave, or to defend her right to happiness, to life native land.

The attitude of the crowd towards people who stand out from it

Arguments for the essay

Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" Comedy "Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov. Chatsky is a rebel, a rebel, rises up against the crowd, Moscow society of that time. Their habits are wild and alien to him; the morality of society amazes him. He is not afraid to speak his mind. In the monologue “Who are the judges?” its essence is fully revealed. The problem with the crowd is that they do not know how to listen and do not even want to listen to the truth. They consider as “truth” the precepts of their hypocritical fathers, which have long since become obsolete. Mayakovsky's creativity Mayakovsky's work is devoted to the theme of confrontation between the hero and the crowd. The crowd is vulgar people living spiritually. They don’t see beauty, they don’t understand real art. The hero is alone in his world. He does not shy away from the crowd, does not hide, but boldly challenges it, ready to fight misunderstandings. For example, in the poem “Could You?” a sharp line has been drawn between “I” and “you”.

National enmity

Arguments for the essay

A. Pristavkin “The golden cloud spent the night” The problem of national enmity is especially acute in A. Pristavkin’s story “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night.” The author shows us the tragic events of the 40s of the twentieth century associated with the resettlement of orphanages to the Caucasus, to territories “liberated” from local residents- Chechens. The revenge of people forcibly evicted from the land of their ancestors falls on innocent people, including children. We see how a brutal murder separates twin brothers Sashka and Kolka Kuzmenysh. It is symbolic that at the end of the story Kolka calls him his brother Chechen boy Alkhuzura. So the author convinces us that all peoples are brothers, that the humane human principle is stronger than evil, that the government that incites national hatred commits a crime against humanity and mankind.

The tragedy of the "little man"

Arguments for the essay

N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat" The problem of the “little man” is most fully revealed by the Russian writer, poet, critic N.V. Gogol. In the story “The Overcoat,” the playwright tells the reader about Akaki Akakievich, a poor titular councilor from St. Petersburg. He carried out his duties zealously and was very fond of manual copying of papers, but in general his role in the department was very insignificant, which is why young officials often laughed at him. In its tragedy of theft new overcoat the hero does not find any response from society.

Personality in history: Peter I

Arguments for the essay

A.S. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman" A.S. Pushkin wrote in “The Bronze Horseman”...Nature here destined us to cut a window into Europe... These lines were written about Peter the Great. He is a man who changed the course of history, one of the most outstanding statesmen who determined the direction of Russia's development in the 18th century. Peter launched large-scale reforms of the Russian state, changed the social structure: he cut off the boyars’ sleeves and beards. He built the first Russian fleet, thereby protecting the country from the sea. Here he is, that person, that person who did a lot of great and heroic things in his life, who made history. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy denied the possibility of an individual actively influencing history, believing that history is made by the masses and its laws cannot depend on desire individual. He viewed the historical process as a sum made up of “countless human arbitrariness,” that is, the efforts of each person. It is useless to resist the natural course of events, it is in vain to try to play the role of the arbiter of the destinies of mankind. This position of the writer was reflected in the novel “War and Peace”. Using the example of two historical figures: Kutuzov and Napoleon, Tolstoy proves that it is the people who are the creator of history. Millionary masses ordinary people It is not heroes and generals who unconsciously move society forward, create something great and heroic, and create history.

Rudeness

Arguments for the essay

M.A. Bulgakov" dog's heart " The main character of the story M.A. Bulgakov “The Heart of a Dog,” Professor Preobrazhensky is a hereditary intellectual and an outstanding medical scientist. He dreams of turning a dog into a human. So Sharikov is born with the heart of a stray dog, the brain of a man with three convictions and a pronounced passion for alcohol. As a result of the operation. the affectionate, albeit cunning Sharik turns into a boorish lumpen, capable of betrayal. Sharikov feels like the master of life, he is arrogant, swaggering, aggressive. He quickly learns to drink vodka, be rude to the servants, turn his ignorance into a weapon against education. The life of a professor and his inhabitants apartment becomes a living hell. Sharikov is an image of a boorish attitude towards people. D.I. Fonvizin “Minor” Outraged by other people's rudeness, people often do not notice that they themselves sometimes behave just as outrageously. Perhaps this can best be seen in the relationship of parents to children. A person’s character is formed in the family, but what kind of person could Mitrofanushka become? He adopted all the vices from his mother: extreme ignorance, rudeness, greed, cruelty, contempt of others, rudeness. Not surprising, because parents are always the main role models for children. And what kind of example could Mrs. Prostakova set for her son if she allowed herself to be rude, rude, and humiliate those around him in front of his eyes? Of course, she loved Mitrofan, but due to this she spoiled him greatly.

False/true values, search for the meaning of life

Arguments for the essay

I. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco” I. Bunin in the story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed the man by: he died without ever knowing what life was. W. S. Maugham "The Burden of Human Passions" The novel by the famous English writer W. S. Maugham, “The Burden of Human Passions,” touches on one of the most important and burning questions for every person - is there meaning in life, and if so, what is it? Main character works Philip Carey painfully searches for the answer to this question: in books, in art, in love, in the judgments of friends. One of them, the cynic and materialist Cronshaw, advises him to look at Persian carpets and refuses further explanation. Only years later, having lost almost all his illusions and hopes for the future, Philip understands what he meant and admits that “life has no meaning, and human existence is purposeless. Knowing that nothing makes sense and nothing matters, a person can still find satisfaction in choosing the various threads that he weaves into the endless fabric of life. There is one pattern - the simplest and most beautiful: a person is born, matures, gets married, gives birth to children, works for a piece of bread and dies; but there are other, more intricate and amazing patterns, where there is no place for happiness or the desire for success - perhaps some kind of alarming beauty is hidden in them.”

Self-realization, aspirations

Arguments for the essay

And A. Goncharov “Oblomov” Good, kind, talented person Ilya Oblomov was unable to overcome himself, his laziness and promiscuity, and did not reveal his best traits. The absence of a high purpose in life leads to moral death. Even love could not save Oblomov. U.S. Maugham "The Razor's Edge" In his late novel The Razor's Edge, W.S. Maugham_draws life path young American Larry, who spent half his life reading books, and the other half in travel, work, search and self-improvement. His image stands out clearly against the background of young people of his circle, wasting their lives and extraordinary abilities on the fulfillment of fleeting whims, on entertainment, on a carefree existence in luxury and idleness. Larry chose his own path and, not paying attention to the misunderstanding and reproach of loved ones, sought the meaning of life in hardships, wanderings and wanderings around the world. He devoted himself entirely to the spiritual principle in order to achieve enlightenment of the mind, purification of the spirit, and discover the meaning of the universe. D. London "Martin Eden" Main character novel of the same name American writer Jack London Martin Eden - a working guy, a sailor, coming from the lower classes, about 21 years old, meets Ruth Morse - a girl from a wealthy bourgeois family. Ruth begins to teach the semi-literate Martin the correct pronunciation. English words and awakens his interest in literature. Martin learns that magazines pay decent fees to the authors who publish in them, and firmly decides to make a career as a writer, earn money and become worthy of his new acquaintance, with whom he has fallen in love. Martin is putting together a self-improvement program, working on his language and pronunciation, and reading a lot of books. Iron health and unbending will move him towards his goal. In the end, after going through a long and thorny path, after numerous refusals and disappointments, he becomes a famous writer. (Then he becomes disillusioned with literature, his beloved, people in general and life, loses interest in everything and commits suicide. This is just in case. An argument in favor of the fact that fulfilling a dream does not always bring happiness) Scientific facts If a shark stops moving its fins, it will sink to the bottom like a stone; a bird, if it stops flapping its wings, will fall to the ground. Likewise, a person, if his aspirations, desires, goals fade away, will collapse to the bottom of life, he will be sucked into the thick quagmire of gray everyday life. A river that stops flowing turns into a stinking swamp. Likewise, a person who stops searching, thinking, striving, loses the “beautiful impulses of his soul”, gradually degrades, his life becomes aimless, miserable vegetation.

Self-sacrifice

Arguments for the essay

M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil” In the story of the Russian writer, prose writer and playwright Maxim Gorky, “The Old Woman Ivergil,” the image of Danko is striking. This is a romantic hero who sacrificed himself for the sake of people. Danko was “the best of all, because a lot of strength and living fire shone in his eyes.” He led people through the forest with calls to defeat the darkness. But weak people During the journey they began to lose heart and die. Then they accused Danko of mismanaging them. He overcame indignation and in the name of his great love He tore open his chest to the people, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch. People ran after him and overcame the difficult road. And then they forgot their hero. And Danko died. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" In his work “Crime and Punishment” F.M. Dostoevsky addresses the theme of self-sacrifice for the sake of saving someone else’s soul, revealing it using the example of the image of Sonechka Marmeladova. Sonya is a poor girl from a dysfunctional family who follows Raskolnikov to hard labor in order to share his burden and fill him with spirituality. Out of compassion and a sense of high social responsibility, Sonya goes to live “on a yellow ticket,” thus earning bread for her family. People like Sonya, who have “infinitely insatiable compassion,” are still found today. (another option) Self-sacrifice, compassion, sensitivity and mercy are a controversial issue. This is clearly visible in the work of the great Russian playwright F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment.” His two heroines, Sonechka Marmeladova and Dunya Raskolnikova, sacrifice themselves in the name of the people dear to them. The first sells her own body, thus earning bread for her family. The girl suffers severely, is ashamed of herself and her life, but even refuses to commit suicide, because she understands that her family will be lost without her. And the family gratefully accepts her sacrifice, practically idolizes Sonya, her self-sacrifice goes for the good. The second is going to marry a low, vile, but rich man in order to help her beggar brother.

Compassion, love for one's neighbor

Arguments for the essay

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard" In the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” by the Russian writer, Nobel Prize winner in literature A.I. Solzhenitsyn is struck by the image of the peasant woman Matryona, her humanity, selflessness, compassion and love for everyone, even strangers. Matryona “helped strangers for free”, but she herself “didn’t chase after the acquisition”: she didn’t start “good”, didn’t try to get a tenant. Her mercy is especially evident in the situation with the upper room. She allowed her house (where she lived all her life) to be dismantled into logs for the sake of her pupil Kira, who had nowhere to live. The heroine sacrifices everything for the sake of others: the country, neighbors, relatives. And after her quiet death, a description arises of the cruel behavior of her relatives, who are simply overwhelmed by greed. Thanks to her spiritual qualities, Matryona made this world a better and kinder place, sacrificing herself and her life. Boris Vasiliev “My horses are flying...” In the work “My Horses Are Flying...” Boris Vasiliev tells a story about a wonderful man - Doctor Jansen. Out of compassion, the doctor, at the cost of his life, saved the children who had fallen into the sewer pit! L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Having been captured, Pierre Bezukhov met there a simple soldier Platon Karataev. Plato, despite his suffering, lived lovingly with everyone: with the French, with his comrades. It was he who, with his mercy, helped Pierre find faith and taught him to value life. M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man The story tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person strength to live. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" Out of compassion, Raskolnikov gives his last money for Marmeladov’s funeral.

Ingratitude of children parental love

Arguments for the essay

A. S. Pushkin “Station Warden” Samson Vyrin, the main character of the story, has a daughter, Dunya, whom he dotes on. But a passing hussar, who has his eye on the girl, tricks her into taking her away from her father’s house. When Samson finds his daughter, she is already married, well dressed, lives much better than him and does not want to return. Samson returns to his station, where he subsequently drinks himself and dies. Three years later, the narrator drives through those places and sees the grave of the caretaker, and a local boy tells him that in the summer a lady came with three young children and cried for a long time at his grave. F.M. Dostoevsky "Humiliated and Insulted" Natasha, the heroine of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Humiliated and Insulted", betrays his family by running away from home with his lover. The girl’s father, Nikolai Ikhmenev, is sensitive to her leaving for the son of his enemy, considering it a shame, and curses his daughter. Rejected by her father and having lost her beloved, Natasha is deeply worried - she has lost everything that was valuable in her life: her good name, honor, love and family. However, Nikolai Ikhmenev still madly loves his daughter, no matter what, and after much mental anguish, at the end of the story, he finds the strength to forgive her. In this example, we see that parental love is the strongest, selfless and forgiving. D. I. Fonvizin “Minor” Despite the fact that Mrs. Prostakova is a rude, greedy landowner, she loves her only son Mitrofan and is ready to do anything for him. But the son turns away from her at the most tragic moment. This example shows us that parents try to do everything for the benefit of their children. But children, unfortunately, cannot always appreciate and understand this. A. S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit” The Russian writer A. S. Griboedov did not ignore the problem of fathers and children in his work “Woe from Wit.” The comedy traces Famusov's relationship with his daughter Sophia. Famusov, of course, loves his daughter and wishes her happiness. But he understands happiness in his own way: happiness for him is money. He accustoms his daughter to the idea of ​​profit and thereby commits a real crime, because Sophia can become like Molchalin, who adopted only one principle from her father: to seek profit wherever possible. The fathers tried to teach their children about life, in their instructions they conveyed to them what was most important and significant for themselves.

Generation Conflict

Arguments for the essay

I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” The novel by the Russian writer I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons.” We see a conflict of generations in the relationship between Bazarov and his parents. The main character has very contradictory feelings towards them: on the one hand, he admits that he loves his parents, on the other, he despises the “stupid life of his fathers.” What alienates Bazarov from his parents is, first of all, his beliefs. If in Arkady Kirsanov we see superficial contempt for the older generation, caused more by the desire to imitate a friend, and not coming from within, then with Bazarov everything is different. This is his position in life. With all this, we see that it was to the parents that their son Evgeniy was truly dear. The old Bazarovs love Evgeny very much, and this love softens their relationship with their son, the lack of mutual understanding. It is stronger than other feelings and lives even when the main character dies.

Teacher influence

Arguments for the essay

In the story by V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" an ordinary village boy hard fate and hunger force him to contact local boys and start gambling for money. Having found out that the child is malnourished and has no other way to get the funds he needs, a young French teacher, Lidia Mikhailovna, invites the boy to take additional French classes. But this is only a plausible excuse. In reality, she strives to somehow help a child who finds himself in a difficult situation, but out of pride he refuses to have dinner with his teacher and indignantly returns the parcel of food to her. Then she offers to play with her for money, knowing for sure that he will beat her, receive his treasured ruble and buy the milk that he so needs. She deliberately commits a crime from a pedagogical point of view, breaks all existing rules for the sake of her student, showing genuine philanthropy and unseen courage. The school director, however, considered playing with a student a crime, seduction, and fired Lydia Mikhailovna. Having gone to her home in Kuban, the woman did not forget the boy and sent him a parcel to school with food and even apples, which the boy had never tried, but had only seen in pictures.

Globalization, technical and scientific progress, their impact on individuals and society

Arguments for the essay

E.I. Zamyatin - Russian writer of the early 19th, late 20th centuries “We” In the novel “We” by Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin, the main character, D-503, describes his life in the totalitarian “Unified State”. He talks enthusiastically about the mathematics-based organization and community life. The author in his work warns people about the harmful influence of scientific and technological progress, about its worst sides, that scientific and technical progress will destroy morality and human feelings, since they are not amenable to scientific analysis. M.A. Bulgakov - Russian Soviet writer and 20th century playwright "Fatal Eggs" The problem of scientific and technological progress is reflected in M. Bulgakov’s story “Fatal Eggs”. Pursuing only his own goals, Professor Rokk thoughtlessly uses Persikov’s invention and raises giant reptiles, ostriches. In this absurd disaster, Rocca's wife Manya, thousands of people and Persikov himself die. M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog” The problem of interaction between people and nature is also reflected in literature. In M. Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog,” Professor Preobrazhensky performs an operation to transform a dog into a human. In the work, the reader sees how the pretty dog ​​Sharik turns into the disgusting Sharikov. “The moral of this fable is this” - you cannot interfere with the natural processes of nature without predicting the nature of the consequences.

Memory of the heroic deeds of soldiers

Arguments for the essay

K. Simonov The poet Konstantin Simonov, who during the war worked as a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper and was constantly in the active army, writes: “Don’t forget about the soldiers who fought with all their might, moaned in bandages in the medical battalions and so hoped for peace!” I am sure that none of those soldiers about whom Simonov wrote will ever be forgotten, and their feat will forever remain in the memory of posterity.

Arguments for the essay

M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man” The main character, Andrei Sokolov, fought to save his homeland and all humanity from fascism, losing relatives and comrades. He suffered the most difficult trials at the front. The hero was hit by news of the tragic death of his wife, two daughters, and son. But Andrei Sokolov is a Russian soldier of unbending will, who endured everything! He found the strength in himself to accomplish not only a military, but also a moral feat, adopting a boy whose parents were taken away by the war. A soldier in the terrible conditions of the war, under the onslaught of enemy force he remained human and did not break. This is the real feat. It was only thanks to such people that our country won a very difficult fight against fascism. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet” Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich, Galya Chetvertak and Sergeant Major Vaskov, the main characters of the work, showed real courage, heroism, and moral restraint while fighting for their Motherland. More than once they could save their lives; they just had to give up their own conscience a little. However, the heroes were sure: they couldn’t retreat, they had to fight to the end: “Don’t give the Germans a single scrap... No matter how hard it is, no matter how hopeless it is, to hold on...”. These are the words true patriot. All the characters in the story are shown acting, fighting, dying in the name of saving the Motherland. It was these people who forged the victory of our country in the rear, resisted the invaders in captivity and occupation, and fought at the front. Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man" Everyone knows the immortal work of Boris Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”. At the heart of the dramatic story - real facts biography of fighter pilot Alexei Meresyev. Shot down in battle over occupied territory, he made his way through secluded forests for three weeks until he ended up with the partisans. Having lost both legs, the hero subsequently shows amazing strength of character and adds to his tally of aerial victories over the enemy.

Love to motherland

Arguments for the essay

S. Yesenin, poem “Rus” The theme of love for the homeland permeates the work of S. Yesenin: “But most of all, Love for my native land tormented, tormented and burned me.” Wishing with all his soul to help the Fatherland in difficult times, the poet writes the poem “Rus”, in which the voice of the people’s anger is heard. Yesenin fully reveals the theme of love for the Fatherland: “If the holy army shouts: “Throw away Rus', live in paradise!” I will say: “There is no need for paradise, Give me my homeland.” A. Blok A. Blok's lyrics are filled with a very special love for Russia. He spoke about his homeland with infinite tenderness, his poems are full of sincere hope that his fate and the fate of Russia are inseparable: “Russia, poor Russia, Your gray huts are to me, Your wind songs are to me, Like the first tears of love!..” Legend There is a legend that one day the wind decided to knock down a mighty oak tree that grew on a hill. But the oak only bent under the blows of the wind. Then the wind asked the majestic oak tree: “Why can’t I defeat you?” The oak replied that it was not the trunk that was holding it up. Its strength lies in the fact that it is rooted in the ground and clings to it with its roots. This simple story expresses the idea that love for the motherland, a deep connection with national history, with the cultural experience of their ancestors makes the people invincible. Blok, “Sin shamelessly, uncontrollably” The lines of the poem trace Russian everyday life, reflecting the dullness and inertia of its social system. The main idea is contained in the lines: Yes, and so, my Russia, You are dearer to me than anyone else. What a strong feeling the poet has for his native land! He believes that a true patriot must love Russia as it is. Despite the imperfection of their country, its troubles and difficulties, everyone needs to experience bright feelings To her. This example of sincere and selfless love for the Motherland may help someone take a different look at their father’s home.

• Self-sacrifice does not always involve risking one's life
• Love for the Motherland motivates a person to perform heroic deeds
• A man is ready to sacrifice himself for the one he really loves.
• To save a child, sometimes it is not a pity to sacrifice the most valuable thing a person has - his own life.
• Only a moral person is capable of performing a heroic act
• Willingness to self-sacrifice does not depend on income level or social status
• Heroism is expressed not only in actions, but also in the ability to be true to one’s word even in the most difficult life situations
• People are ready to sacrifice themselves even in the name of saving a stranger

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. Sometimes we do not suspect that this or that person can commit a heroic act. This is confirmed by the example from of this work: Pierre Bezukhov, being a rich man, decides to stay in Moscow besieged by the enemy, although he has every opportunity to leave. He - real man who does not put his own first financial situation. Without sparing himself, the hero saves a little girl from the fire, performing a heroic act. You can also turn to the image of Captain Tushin. At first he does not make a good impression on us: Tushin appears before the command without boots. But the battle proves that this man can be called a real hero: the battery under the command of Captain Tushin selflessly repels enemy attacks, without cover, sparing no effort. And it doesn’t matter at all what impression these people make on us when we first meet them.

I.A. Bunin “Lapti”. In an impenetrable blizzard, Nefed went to Novoselki, located six miles from home. He was prompted to do this by the requests of a sick child to bring red bast shoes. The hero decided that “he needs to get it” because “his soul desires.” He wanted to buy bast shoes and paint them magenta. By nightfall Nefed had not returned, and in the morning the men brought his dead body. In his bosom they found a bottle of magenta and brand new bast shoes. Nefed was ready for self-sacrifice: knowing that he was putting himself in danger, he decided to act for the benefit of the child.

A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. Love for Marya Mironova, captain's daughter, more than once encouraged Pyotr Grinev to put his life in danger. He went to the captured Pugachev Belogorsk fortress to snatch the girl from Shvabrin’s hands. Pyotr Grinev understood what he was getting into: at any moment he could be caught by Pugachev’s people, he could be killed by the enemies. But nothing stopped the hero, he was ready to save Marya Ivanovna even at the cost own life. The readiness for self-sacrifice also manifested itself when Grinev was under investigation. He did not talk about Marya Mironova, whose love led him to Pugachev. The hero did not want to make the girl involved in the investigation, although this would allow him to justify himself. Pyotr Grinev showed by his actions that he was ready to endure anything for the sake of the happiness of the person dear to him.

F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. The fact that Sonya Marmeladova went along “ yellow ticket”, is also a kind of self-sacrifice. The girl decided to do this herself, consciously, in order to feed her family: her drunkard father, stepmother and her little children. No matter how dirty her “profession” is, Sonya Marmeladova is worthy of respect. Throughout the entire work she proved her spiritual beauty.

N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. If Andriy, younger son Taras Bulba turned out to be a traitor, then Ostap, the eldest son, showed himself as strong personality, a true warrior. He did not betray his father and homeland, he fought to the last. Ostap was executed in front of his father. But no matter how hard, painful and scary it was for him, he did not make a sound during the execution. Ostap – a real hero who gave his life for his homeland.

V. Rasputin “French Lessons”. Lydia Mikhailovna, an ordinary French teacher, was capable of self-sacrifice. When her student, the hero of the work, came to school beaten, and Tishkin said that he was playing for money, Lidia Mikhailovna was in no hurry to tell the director about it. She found out that the boy was playing because he did not have enough money for food. Lidia Mikhailovna began teaching the student French, which he was not good at, at home, and then offered to play “measures” with her for money. The teacher knew that this should not be done, but the desire to help the child was more important to her. When the director found out about everything, Lydia Mikhailovna was fired. Her seemingly wrong action turned out to be noble. The teacher sacrificed her reputation to help the boy.

N.D. Teleshov “Home”. Semka, so eager to return to his native land, met an unfamiliar grandfather along the way. They walked together. On the way, the boy fell ill. The unknown person took him to the city, although he knew that he could not appear there: his grandfather had escaped from hard labor for the third time. Grandfather was caught in the city. He understood the danger, but the child's life was more important to him. The grandfather sacrificed his quiet life for the future of a stranger.

A. Platonov “The Sandy Teacher”. From the village of Khoshutovo, located in the desert, Maria Naryshkina helped create a real green oasis. She devoted herself entirely to work. But the nomads passed - not a trace remained of the green spaces. Maria Nikiforovna went to the district with a report, where she was offered to transfer to work in Safuta in order to teach the nomads who were transitioning to sedentary life the culture of the sands. She agreed, which demonstrated her readiness for self-sacrifice. Maria Naryshkina decided to devote herself to a good cause, not thinking about her family or the future, but helping people in the difficult struggle against the sands.

M.A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”. For the sake of the Master, Margarita was ready to do anything. She decided to make a deal with the devil and was the queen at Satan’s ball. And all in order to see the Master. True love forced the heroine to make self-sacrifice, to go through all the tests prepared for her by fate.

A.T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”. The main character of the work is a simple Russian guy who honestly and selflessly fulfills his soldier’s duty. His crossing of the river became real heroic deed. Vasily Terkin was not afraid of the cold: he knew that he needed to convey the lieutenant’s request. What the hero did seems impossible, incredible. This is a feat of a simple Russian soldier.