Age features of the musical development of preschool children. The specificity and relationship of various types of musical activities of preschool children - abstract

1. 1. MUSIC AS A MEANS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN CONSULTATION FOR PARENTS Music has always claimed a special role in society. Even the ancients knew that art has a healing effect! In ancient times, music and medical centers treated people for longing, nervous disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system. Music influenced intellectual development, accelerating the growth of cells responsible for human intelligence. Music can change development: accelerate the growth of some cells, slow down the growth of others. But, most importantly, music can influence the emotional well-being of a person. The immortal musical works of Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Tchaikovsky are able to activate the energy processes of the body and direct them to its physical recovery. Music has a positive effect on the child both before birth and in the subsequent period. Music calms the child. Helps physical and mental development. Therefore, it is important that mothers sing to their children, especially melodic songs. It has long been observed that children fall asleep well to lullabies or reading a book. Sounds, especially those that are melodious, soothe and lull children. Music also contributes to the rapid development of speech in preschool children. And for the children school age helps you learn faster foreign languages. After all, it is known that even small children easily memorize songs in another language, even without knowing the meaning of the words. But this is their first step towards learning this language. Children are much more likely to memorize and reproduce songs rather than individual words and texts. Since it is easier for children to sing than to speak, music is considered effective tool treatment of stuttering in children. Music helps improve speech, and what children cannot say can be easily sung. According to US researchers, the healing power of music is needed to normalize blood pressure, helps to activate the activity of the brain and strengthens the immune system. Rhythmic and energetic march-style music tones many muscles, which is extremely beneficial for physical development children. Therefore, many do exercises to bravura music. For some children, music is a means of focus. It makes children focused, helps to focus their thinking on a specific topic, and at the same time relieves stress and fatigue. If your child falls asleep and wakes up with music, he will be much happier and healthier. However, instead of listening to music, it is much more beneficial to sing yourself. Australian doctors even practice singing sessions for medicinal purposes.
2. 2. Humming the simplest tune is enough to make you feel better. Therefore, singing or music lessons are very useful for the physical development of children. She teaches the love of life. Therefore, children who are passionate about music become more educated, attentive, honest in their relationships with other people, radiate calm and positive mood. "Musical" children develop in intellectual development faster than their peers. Music develops Creative skills children, aesthetics, culture of behavior, helps to build trusting relationships and make new friends. Early musical experience, as well as musical activities (singing, moving to music, playing music, listening to music, etc.) open access to innate mechanisms responsible for the perception, understanding of music and expands the use of these mechanisms for the formation of other higher brain functions. The recently coined term "music therapy" can act as an additional stimulus for the development of children. It is based on several fundamental definitions: listening to music develops visual-figurative thinking - the ability to analyze the image and then synthesize it. This kind of thinking is at the core of mathematics, engineering, and other disciplines;  than earlier child join the music, the more chances he has to fall in love and master it for real;  music games combine talking and singing with rhythmic movements. The areas of the brain responsible for these actions also control motor impulses, thanks to which the child learns more and more to control his body.  Music games help the child simultaneously use many skills at work, which develops multilateral neural connections. child, with early age listening to live music and playing with musical instruments, is more likely to realize his innate musical potential when he gets older;  when the child listens classical music, while strengthening the brain connections responsible for his mathematical abilities;  contact with music is extremely important for speech and emotional development, as well as to strengthen motor skills;  rhythmic songs that you sing to your baby contribute to the development of his brain. Therefore, music, by virtue of its inner nature, should be an integral part of any education.
3. 3. In the "Methodology musical education» N. Vetlugina writes that singing develops the vocal apparatus, speech, strengthens the vocal cords, and regulates breathing. Rhythm classes contribute to the physical development of children, improve coordination of movements, improve posture, increase vitality, which creates a cheerful, joyful mood in the child and favorably affects the state of the body as a whole. Thus, music is one of the means of physical development of children. MUSIC DIRECTOR MBDOU DS No. 99 GORYUCHKO G.O. Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 4 "Firefly"
4. 4. Consultation for educators of Muses. leader: S.A. Bityutskaya R.p. Chistoozernoe 2010

AGE FEATURES

MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT CHILD

The child's abilities develop in the process of active musical activity.

The most significant features musical development are:

• auditory sensation, ear for music;
• The quality and level of emotional responsiveness to music of a different nature;
• The simplest skills, actions in singing and musical-rhythmic performance.

First year of life. OK from the first months developing child responds to the character of the music with the so-called animation complex, rejoices or calms down. By the end of the first year of life, the baby listens to the singing of an adult, adapts to his intonation with cooing, babble.

second year of life. The child distinguishes between high and low sounds, loud and quiet sounds, and even timbre coloring. The first singing intonations are born; singing along with an adult, the child repeats after him the endings of the musical phrases of the song. He masters the simplest movements: clapping, stamping, spinning to the sound of music.

third and fourth years of life. This period of development is characterized by a desire for independence. Speech becomes coherent, the musculoskeletal system is strengthened. The child has a desire to make music, to be active. By the age of 4, children can sing a little song on their own, with little help from an adult. They have many movements that allow them to dance and play on their own.

fifth year of life. It is characterized by active curiosity of children. This is a period of questions: “why?”, “why?”. The child begins to comprehend the connection between phenomena and events, can make the simplest generalizations. He is observant, able to determine: the music is cheerful, joyful, calm; sounds high, low, loud, quiet; in the part of the piece (one is fast and the other is slow), on which instrument the melody is played (piano, violin, button accordion). The child understands the requirements: how to sing a song, how to move in a calm round dance and how to move in a dance.

Mastering the basic types of movement - walking, running, jumping - enables children to use them more widely in games and dances. Some seek, without imitating each other, to play a role in their own way (for example, in story game). Others show interest in only one type of activity, depending on the individual inclinations and abilities of each.

sixth and seventh years of life. This is the period of preparation of children for school. On the basis of the acquired knowledge and impressions about music, children can not only answer the question, but also independently characterize the musical work, understand its expressive means. Feel the various shades of mood conveyed by music.

The child is capable of holistic perception musical image, which is very important for the education of an aesthetic attitude to the environment. But does this mean that analytic activity can be detrimental to holistic perception? Studies conducted in the field of sensory abilities and musical perception of children have shown an interesting pattern. The holistic perception of music is not reduced if the task is to listen, to highlight. Distinguish the most striking means " musical language". The child can allocate these funds and, given them, act in a certain way when listening to music, performing songs and dancing movements. This contributes to musical and auditory development, assimilation of the necessary skills to prepare for singing from notes.

In children of 6-7 years old, the vocal apparatus becomes even stronger, the range expands and levels out, greater melodiousness and sonority appear. Songs, dances, games are performed independently, expressively and to some extent creatively. Individual musical interests and abilities are more pronounced.

Thus, musical education fulfills the task of comprehensive and harmonious development of children. preschool age.

Oksana Kudashova
From the experience of work "Music - as one of the means of the effectiveness of the physical development of preschoolers"

From work experience

musical leader MDOU for children garden number 4 "Rainbow" Urazovo settlement, Valuysky district, Belgorod region, Kudashova Oksana Gennadievna

« Music - as one of the means of increasing the efficiency of the physical

development of preschoolers in accordance with GEF"

Introducing children to musical art begins with early childhood and therefore development of children's musical-artistic creativity, the implementation of independent creative activity children, we find satisfaction in self-expression in one from educational regions: "Artistic and aesthetic development» . Which suggests development prerequisites for value-semantic perception and understanding of the world music, its perception and connection with other activities.

Singing develops the vocal apparatus, strengthens the vocal cords, improves speech, (speech therapists use singing for stuttering, promotes development vocal-auditory coordination. Correct singing posture regulates and deepens breathing.

Rhythm studies based on relationship music and movement, improve the child's posture, coordination, develop clarity of walking and ease of running. Dynamics and pace musical works require in movements to change the speed, degree of tension, amplitude, direction accordingly. It is known that sound musical works enhances performance cardio - vascular, muscular, motor, respiratory systems of the body.

When exercising with musical accompaniment improves ventilation of the lungs, increases the amplitude of respiratory movements. At the same time, one can speak of development of musicality in children(emotional responsiveness, hearing).

Children learn to perceive music, move according to her character, means of expression.

Tasks physical development closely related to all branches of education in kindergarten. Educational program kindergarten provides work on the development of movements and in musical development.

Musical games and dances are built mainly on the main movements: walking, running, jumping, jumping.

Their improvement is in progress musically- artistic activity, and in motor activity.

For example, the transmission of a cheerful character by movements music promotes the development of correct posture, coordination of movements of arms and legs, ease of step, and teaching the correct step and run to the nodes according to physical culture , strengthens the muscles of the legs and thus contributes to an easier mastering of dance movements.

At the heart of movements is a certain rhythm, correlated with the rhythm musical sound. Music increases interest in games and exercises, giving them a special emotionality. Between music and movement at the same time performance, close ties are established.

Plays a decisive role music. Accompanying music, movements express its figurative content.

Accents, simple rhythmic patterns are easily reproduced in running, steps, claps, tempo changes, dynamics musical works entail changes in the speed, and the degree of intensity of the execution of the movement. Between music and movements easily set the desired interconnections: movements make you more intense, more fully perceive musical composition, A music controls the rhythm of movements, gives them special expressiveness, facilitates their implementation.

Music helps kids at the same time start and end a particular movement or the entire exercise, perform it at a certain pace. Pairs well with music walking, running on toes in a column, alone in place, loose running and some outdoor games, mainly round dance, Where musical accompaniment - a change of topics, parts - determines the transition to another action, the beginning or end of a certain sequence of actions. For example: in Game "Who is faster" children run around the hall to the sound music, and at the end of it quickly sit on chairs.

In the organisation physical development work I take an active part. Together with the instructor physical culture we hold various exercises: in walking, running, building and rebuilding, which ensures the speed and accuracy of their implementation.

Not accompanied music such exercises: climbing, long and high jumps from a place and from a running start, throwing, outdoor games containing competitive elements. Each child completes them at their own pace.

IN directly-educational activities I use music in a set of exercises previously learned without musical accompaniment.

IN development work movements great place takes morning exercises. Its main meaning is wellness: the musculoskeletal system is strengthened, all functions and systems of the body are improved. In addition, morning exercises allow you to organize a children's team.

An important task of gymnastics with music- creating a cheerful mood in children, which contributes to their activity in work, games, classes. Music causes positive emotions in children and thereby facilitates the execution of movements.

Used during gymnastics musical composition, you can not distort - emphasize individual rhythmic figures, make arbitrary pauses in order to adapt it for more convenient performance of a particular movement.

Equally important is the gymnastics after daytime sleep. Children in the bedroom music perform arbitrary musically-rhythmic exercises, exercises for the prevention of flat feet and postural disorders. Complex ends breathing exercises. Throughout the year we use various options gymnastics.

IN directly-organized activities physical education music sounds episodic: while walking, running, jumping, changing lanes, some general developmental exercises. The main part of the lesson, as a rule, is carried out without music, however, individual outdoor games include musical accompaniment.

Application musical support in the learning process physical exercises depends on the stages of their learning. When getting acquainted with the movement, showing it music facilitates perception. After showing the exercise, a description is given. For example: Svetlana Alexandrovna, physical education instructor, shows an exercise with a hoop, accompanied by "Waltz" S. Asafyeva, then speaks: « The music is calm, melodious, quiet and movements should be light, unhurried, smooth.

Learning the individual elements of the movement is carried out without music, since its perception at this stage reduces the conscious control of motor skills and can lead to their mechanical reproduction.

As musical accompaniment of exercises in the main types of movements using folk, classical music, essays contemporary composers. I accompany the exercises music then when they are taught in advance with a physical education instructor.

Our task as musical leaders to teach educators to show all the movements of the exercises in accordance with the character, means expressiveness and form piece of music .

Learning the exercise should begin with the teacher explaining the rules for performing it and the first one or two times it should be done without music.

Familiar exercises are immediately performed with musical accompaniment. The teacher must ensure that there is a clear balance music and movements. Function music is not limited to the accompaniment or background of performing movements, it, first of all, should help children to become emotionally aware of their movements.

Together with the instructor physical culture we plan work on the development of movements, trying to avoid too much variety of material, to establish a certain sequence in its passage. It promotes interaction musical and physical development of preschoolers.

Raising a child by means of music, we must understand its significance for a comprehensive development personality and be its active guide in the lives of children.

An excursion into history.

Music has always claimed a special role in society. Even the ancients knew that art has a healing effect! IN Ancient Greece Pythagoras, at his university in Crotona, began and ended the day with singing: in the morning - to clear the mind of sleep and excite activity, in the evening - to calm down and tune in to rest.

In ancient times, music and medical centers treated people for longing, nervous disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system. Music influenced intellectual development, accelerating the growth of cells responsible for human intelligence. It is no coincidence that mathematics classes in the Pythagorean school were held to the sounds of music, which increases the efficiency and mental activity of the brain.

Music can change development: accelerate the growth of some cells, slow down the growth of others. But, most importantly, music can influence the emotional well-being of a person. The immortal musical works of Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Tchaikovsky are able to activate the energy processes of the body and direct them to its physical recovery.

But all these experiments were carried out with adults. The influence of music on the condition of children was the first in our country to be studied by the outstanding psychoneurologist V. M. Bekhterev at the beginning of the 20th century. Even then it was clear that it is useful for children to listen to the classics and lullabies, that music not only develops children, but also heals them. Twelve - fifteen years ago, scientists from the Institute of Pediatrics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences decided to find a scientific justification for the method of music therapy. And the very first patients who received music treatment were newborns from the premature babies department.

What research has shown.

In children affected by a lack of oxygen during fetal development, whether they are full-term or premature, as a rule, the activity of cell enzymes is reduced. After infants were allowed to listen to classical music, the activity of cell enzymes increased. This was shown by cytochemical analysis. Infants also measured blood pressure, pulse, breathing rhythm. And everywhere they saw the classic reaction of adaptation: the body adapted to environment and felt better.

Or maybe children react this way to any sound stimulus - the ticking of an alarm clock, a conversation? Maybe harmony and melody have nothing to do with it? The researchers played the infants with a metronome, which beat out a slow rhythm to the tempo of calm music. Outwardly, the newborns behaved well: they calmed down, fell asleep. But the cytochemical analysis dispassionately noted: against the background of a working metronome, inhibition of enzymes occurs in the cells. This, by the way, is proof that rock music with a pronounced pulsating rhythm is harmful to young children.

When the newborns left the hospital, doctors recommended their parents to continue music therapy sessions along with massage, special gymnastics and water exercises at home. Parents had different attitudes to such advice, someone then let their child listen to music, someone didn’t ...

But when a year later all these children were examined at the Institute of Pediatrics, interesting things turned out. Babies who constantly listened to classical music coped better with neurological disorders than those whose parents did not believe in the healing power of music therapy. This is how reliable statistics came about.

What kind of music should babies listen to?

Excitable, restless children benefit from melodies in slow pace- "adagio", "andante". These are usually the second parts of classical sonatas, instrumental concerts. Since at the beginning of their research, our doctors relied on the experience of the Germans in this area - in Germany there was the most literature on this issue, German and German prevailed in their programs. Viennese classics: Mozart, Schubert, Haydn ... Then Vivaldi, Tchaikovsky were added ... This could be, for example: the 2nd part of Mozart's "Little Night Serenade", "Winter" from Vivaldi's "Four Seasons", a duet of Lisa and Polina from Tchaikovsky's operas Queen of Spades, lullaby songs.

Listening to the 2nd part of "Little Night Serenade" by W. Mozart.

Moreover, a melody with words affects children more than a melody without words. And live singing is stronger than an instrumental performance recorded on a disc or cassette. And no matter what language they sing in, newborns listen perfectly to, for example, Brahms' lullaby or Christmas carols in German.

And for babies with the syndrome of oppression, who suck badly, sometimes even breathe irregularly, works in the tempo of "allegro" and "allegro moderato" by Mozart, Schubert, Haydn are useful ... For example: waltzes from Tchaikovsky's ballets, "On the troika" from his own "Seasons", "Spring" from Vivaldi's "Seasons", as well as marching melodies.

Listening to the "Big Waltz" P.I. Tchaikovsky from the ballet "Swan Lake".

Music therapy sessions also have a good effect on healthy, normally developing babies. After all, they sometimes need to calm down or, conversely, cheer up. So you can do this with the help of relaxing or activating music. In no case should children be allowed to listen to music through headphones. Our ears are naturally adapted to diffuse sound. Directional sound can cause acoustic trauma to the immature brain.

Relaxation at the cellular level.Now the parents big choice- they can buy audio cassettes and CDs with traditional classical music. Or cassettes of classics arranged especially for kids. There, bells were introduced into the ensemble of instruments. And they also sell recordings of classical music against the background of sounds of nature - the noise of a stream, the surf, the sounds of a forest ... Audio cassettes are called: "Baby in the Forest", "Baby by the Sea", "Baby by the River" ... Also a pleasant medicine. Listen to music with your baby and relax, because mothers of restless babies simply need good vacation, at the cellular level.

Any art develops, educates the child's personality, allows you to understand life, find and know yourself, form self-esteem. Specially selected music can generally optimize brain activity. When it comes to the emerging brain of a small child, then musical influences can act as constructing the brain. Therefore, it is very important that a child from birth (and even earlier) has the opportunity to hear beautiful and “rich” music. Children of mothers who listened to music at the twenty-eighth - thirty-sixth weeks of pregnancy begin to react to sounds faster than others, to recognize melodies. They have a better memory.

The influence of music on the development of the fetus also lies in the fact that children who listened to music in the womb begin to sit, walk and talk faster.

The conducted experiments show that, for example, the fetus reacts to the sound of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony - the child begins to move, the rhythm of his heartbeat accelerates.

Listening to an excerpt from the 5th symphony by L.V. Beethoven.

The baby reacts differently to melodic, smooth music - the heart beats more slow rhythm. Therefore, sounds contribute to the development of fetal motor activity. In addition, music coming from the outside world is the only way to get any information about this world so far.

Music has a positive effect on the child both before birth and in the subsequent period. Music calms the child. Helps physical and mental development. Therefore, it is important that mothers sing to their children, especially melodic songs.

The influence of music on the physical development of children is being actively studied by scientists. According to a number of studies, even before birth, the child hears sounds and feels vibrations from the outside world. When parents sing and talk to an unborn child, it is believed that he also communicates with them and with outside world. Children may respond to sounds, most often in the form of jolts. Some studies have found that babies, even while in the womb, have their own musical preferences. If you listen to lyrical classical music, chances are your child will calm down and stop kicking. And music in the style of rock or metal can provoke real dances in the mother's stomach.

Scientists involved in scientific research about the influence of music on the physical development of children, they believe that listening to Mozart contributes to the development of the mental activity of children. Scientists call this phenomenon the "Mozart effect". To feel the beneficial effects of music on the child, doctors often advise mothers to listen to lyrical music (especially classical) more often. Music is considered as part of human nature, which slowly but effectively restores harmony in life and contributes to the further physical development of the child.

It has long been observed that children fall asleep well to lullabies or reading a book. Sounds, especially those that are melodious, soothe and lull children. Music also contributes to the rapid development of speech in preschool children. And it helps school-age children learn foreign languages ​​faster. After all, it is known that even small children easily memorize songs in another language, even without knowing the meaning of the words. But this is their first step towards learning this language. Children are much more likely to memorize and reproduce songs rather than individual words and texts. Since it is easier for children to sing than to speak, music is considered an effective treatment for stuttering in children. Music helps improve speech, and what children cannot say can be easily sung.

According to US researchers, the healing power of music is needed to normalize blood pressure, help activate brain activity and strengthen the immune system. Rhythmic and energetic march-style music tones many muscles, which is extremely beneficial for the physical development of children. Therefore, many do exercises to bravura music. For some children, music is a means of focus. It makes children focused, helps to focus their thinking on a specific topic, and at the same time relieves stress and fatigue. If your child falls asleep and wakes up with music, he will be much happier and healthier.

However, instead of listening to music, it is much more beneficial to sing yourself. Australian doctors even practice singing sessions for medicinal purposes. It is enough to hum the simplest melody to make you feel better. Therefore, singing or music lessons are very useful for the physical development of children. She teaches the love of life. Therefore, children who are passionate about music become more educated, attentive, honest in their relationships with other people, radiate calmness and positive mood. "Musical" children develop in intellectual development faster than their peers. Music develops children's creative abilities, aesthetics, culture of behavior, helps to build trusting relationships and make new friends.

Music can be expressed not only through musical instruments and sound-reproducing devices. Music is encoded in the sounds of nature - the sound of waves and the rustle of leaves in the wind, the singing of birds and crickets, the rustle of rain, and so on. Therefore, be in nature more often. Find exactly the music that your child likes the most and try to listen to it as often as possible.

Early musical experience as well as musical activities (singing, moving to music, playing music, listening to music, etc.)open access to the innate mechanisms responsible for the perception, understanding of music and expand the use of these mechanisms for the formation of other higher brain functions.

The recently coined term "music therapy" can act as an additional stimulus for the development of children. It is based on several fundamental definitions: listening to music develops visual-figurative thinking - the ability to analyze the image and then synthesize it. This kind of thinking is at the core of mathematics, engineering, and other disciplines;

the sooner the child joins the music, the more chances he has to fall in love and master it for real;

musical games combine talking and singing with rhythmic movements. The areas of the brain responsible for these actions also control motor impulses, thanks to which the child learns more and more to control his body.

Musical games help the child to use many skills at work at the same time, which develops multilateral neural connections..

A child who listens to live music and plays musical instruments from an early age is more likely to realize his innate musical potential when he gets older;

when a child listens to classical music, the brain connections that are responsible for his mathematical abilities are strengthened;

contact with music is extremely important for speech and emotional development, as well as for strengthening motor skills;

rhythmic songs that you sing to your baby contribute to the development of his brain.

Therefore, music, by virtue of its inner nature, should be an integral part of any education.

In the "Methods of musical education" N. Vetlugina writes that singing develops the vocal apparatus, speech, strengthens the vocal cords, and regulates breathing. Rhythm classes contribute to the physical development of children, improve coordination of movements, improve posture, increase vitality, which creates a cheerful, joyful mood in the child and favorably affects the state of the body as a whole.

Music is a means aesthetic education child

Aesthetic education is aimed at developing the abilities of preschoolers to perceive, feel and understand the beautiful, notice good and bad, act creatively on their own, thereby joining various types of artistic activity.
One of the brightest means of aesthetic education is music. In order for it to fulfill this important function, it is necessary to develop general musicality in the child. What are the main features of general musicality?
The first sign of musicality - ability to feel character, the mood of a piece of music, to empathize with what was heard, to show an emotional attitude, to understand the musical image.
Music excites the little listener, evokes responses, introduces life phenomena, gives rise to associations. The rhythmic sound of the march causes him joy, enthusiasm, the play about the sick doll makes him sad. Hearing a sad song performed by an adult on the radio, the boy said: "Uncle sings about his grief." This means that the child felt the mood of the song, which conveys the state of mind of a person.
The second sign of musicality is ability to listen, compare, evaluate the most striking and understandable musical phenomena. This requires an elementary musical and auditory culture, arbitrary auditory attention directed to certain means of expression. For example, children compare the simplest properties of musical sounds (high and low, the timbre sound of a piano and violin, etc.), distinguish the simplest structure of a musical work (song of a song and chorus, three parts in a play, etc.), note the expressiveness of contrasting artistic images(gentle, lingering character of the sing-along and energetic, mobile - of the refrain). Gradually, a stock of favorite works is accumulated, which the guys listen to and perform with great desire, the initial foundations of musical taste are laid.
The third sign of musicality is manifestation of a creative attitude to music. Listening to her, the child in his own way represents an artistic image, conveying it in singing, playing, dancing. For example, everyone is looking for expressive movements characteristic of briskly marching pioneers, a bear stepping heavily, moving bunnies, etc. Familiar dance moves used in new combinations and variants.
With the development of general musicality, the children develop an emotional attitude to music, their hearing improves, creative imagination. The experiences of children acquire a peculiar aesthetic coloring.

Music is a means of shaping the moral character of a child

Music, directly affecting the feelings of the child, forms his moral character. The influence of music is sometimes stronger than persuasion or instructions. By acquainting children with works of various emotional and figurative various emotional and figurative content, we encourage them to empathize.
Songs about Lenin, about the Kremlin chimes, about Moscow evoke a feeling of love for our Soviet Motherland. Round dance songs dances different peoples arouse interest in their customs, bring up international feelings. Genre richness of music helps to perceive heroic images and lyrical mood, cheerful humor and perky dance melodies. A variety of feelings arising from the perception of music enrich the experiences of children, their spiritual world.
The solution of educational problems is largely facilitated by the collective penis, dances, games, when children are covered by common experiences. Singing requires united efforts from the participants. Singing inaccurately interferes with good sounding, performance, and this is perceived by everyone as a failure. Shared experiences create fertile ground for individual development. The example of comrades, the general enthusiasm, the joy of performance activate the timid, indecisive. For someone spoiled by attention, overly self-confident, the successful performance of other children serves as a well-known brake on negative manifestations. Such a child can be offered to help his comrades, thereby cultivating modesty and at the same time developing his individual abilities.
Music lessons influence the general culture of preschooler's behavior. The alternation of various tasks, activities (singing, listening to music, playing children's instruments, moving to music) requires children to pay attention, ingenuity, quick response, organization, manifestation of volitional efforts: when performing a song, start and finish it on time; in dances, games, be able to act, obeying the music, restraining from an impulsive desire to run faster, overtake someone. All this improves inhibitory processes, educates the will.
Thus, musical activity creates the necessary conditions for the formation moral qualities personality of the child, lays the initial foundations common culture future person.

Music - a means of activating mental abilities

The perception of music is closely connected with mental processes, that is, it requires attention, observation, quick wits. Children listen to the sound, compare similar and different sounds, get acquainted with their expressive meaning, note the characteristic semantic features of artistic images, learn to understand the structure of the work. Answering the questions of the educator, after the work has finished, the child makes the first generalizations and comparisons: determines general character plays, notices that the literary text of the song is pronounced musical means. These first attempts at aesthetic appreciation require active mental activity and are directed by the educator.
Like other art forms, music has an educational value. It reflects vital phenomena enriching preschoolers with new ideas. Listening, for example, to the song "This is our Motherland" by E. Tilicheeva, they feel the solemnity, upliftment, jubilation of the people glorifying our Soviet Motherland! Developing the child aesthetically and mentally, it is necessary to support in every possible way, even if insignificant creative manifestations, which activate perception and representation, awaken fantasy and imagination.
When an adult puts before a child creative tasks, then there is a search activity that requires mental activity. For example, in singing, the child improvises, creates his own version of the melody, tries to find a match literary text expressive intonation.
In musical-rhythmic activity, children with great pleasure invent, combine dance movements, singing and moving to the music. Dance, folk dance, pantomime, and especially musical dramatization encourage children to depict a picture of life, to characterize a character using expressive movements, facial expressions, and words. At the same time, a certain sequence is observed: the guys listen to music, discuss the topic, distribute roles, and then act. At each stage, new tasks arise that make you think, fantasize, and create.

Music is a means of physical education

Music, perceived by the auditory receptor, affects the general condition of the entire human body, causes reactions associated with changes in blood circulation and respiration. V. M. Bekhterev, emphasizing this feature, proved that if you establish the mechanisms of the influence of music on the body, then you can cause or weaken excitation. P. N. Anokhin, who studied the influence of major and minor scale on the state of the body, concludes that the skillful use of melodic, rhythmic and other components of music helps a person during work and rest. Scientific data on the physiological characteristics of musical perception provide a materialistic justification for the role of music in the upbringing of a child.
Singing develops the vocal apparatus, strengthens the vocal cords, improves speech (speech therapists use singing in the treatment of stuttering), and contributes to the development of vocal-auditory coordination. The correct posture of the chanters regulates and deepens breathing.
Rhythm classes, based on the relationship of music and movement, improve the child's posture, coordination, develop clarity of walking and ease of running. The dynamics and tempo of a piece of music require, in movements, to change the speed, degree of tension, amplitude, and direction accordingly.
Music lessons help common development child's personality. The relationship between all aspects of education develops in the process of various types and forms of musical activity. Emotional responsiveness and a developed ear for music will allow children to respond to good feelings and actions, will help to activate mental activity and, constantly improving movements, will develop preschoolers physically.

Methods of musical education in kindergarten: “Doshk. education "/ N.A. Vetlugin, I.L. Dzerzhinskaya, L.N. Komissarov and others; Ed. ON THE. Vetlugina. - 3rd ed., Rev. and additional - M.: Enlightenment, 1989. - 270 p.: notes.