The image of Baba Yaga in fairy tales. Research work "The image of Baba Yaga in folk tales

Lesson Development

literary reading in 3rd grade

« Subject:The study of fairy tales

Analysis of the Russian folk tale "Baba Yaga".

Oleneva Tatyana Anatolyevna

Public lesson on literature

Subject: The study of fairy tales. Analysis of the Russian folk tale "Baba Yaga".

Target: identification and awareness of the features of fairy tales by children; the formation of the concept of "a fairy tale" through the analysis of the text and the study of didactic illustration.

During the classes.

Theme formulation.

1. Anagram on an interactive whiteboard.

Teacher: make a word out of letters and you will know literary genre, which we will study today in the lesson.

(Children place letters on the board in the correct order.

Teacher: Why is a fairy tale called a fairy tale? (affects).

Teacher: What is the value of fairy tales? (they reflect folk wisdom, knowledge accumulated over the centuries).

Teacher: What are the features of fairy-tale speech (Russian folk).

Children: Beginning, triple repetitions, set expressions, ending (examples).

2. Find out what name of the fairy tale is encrypted here?

Children: Baba Yaga.

Teacher: Why is the name of this particular fairy tale encrypted?

Children: Let's study this tale.

Teacher: Today we will open the features of a fairy tale. Why is it called that, you yourself will say.

2. Knowledge update.

Video clip (fragment from m / f

Teacher: Who knows how the image of Baba Yaga appeared in Russian folk tales?

Children: Our ancestors believed that all the surrounding nature has a soul, a mind. They were afraid of the mysterious life of the forest. It was believed that a non-human being controls the beast.

Teacher: Why is there a fence around Baba Yaga's house made of human skulls? Why does Baba Yaga fly?

Children communicate their knowledge from the field Slavic mythology.

Teacher: What interesting things did you find out?

3. Drafting plot plan fairy tales. Work in pairs.

Teacher: Formulate the task to be completed.

Children: Match the inscriptions and our drawings

Teacher: Restore the sequence of events in the fairy tale.

.

With interactive whiteboard

(One student moves the illustrations). .

Teacher: Using keywords, label the illustrations.

Work in pairs with handouts.

Self-assessment of the results of educational activities. Examinationfrom the interactive whiteboard

(One student correlates the inscriptions and illustrations, moves). .

What happened to the girl? (misfortune).

What has befallen her? (test) How many paintings?

Who helps the Girl overcome difficulties? (magic helpers)

How did the fight between the Girl and Baba Yaga end? (Victory of the enemy)

Fairy tale ending? reward (return home).

Teacher: Read the plan according to which the events of the fairy tale unfolded. What did you notice?

Teacher: Can it be called magical? Why?

Teacher: This is the plot of all fairy tales.

Work on the characteristics of the characters.

Teacher:- Who is main character?

Describe her portrait?

What is the character of the girl?

How was it determined?

Read what the girl did.

Teacher: Is the portrait of Baba Yaga described?

Look at a fragment of a fairy tale, determine the character of the girl, Baba Yaga.

Teacher: Did you notice anything interesting? (opposite).

Modeling. Work in mini-groups

Let's imagine the relationship of the characters in the form of a diagram:

Magic Helpers

The student-adviser offers a system of questions: Who are the main characters? Other characters? In a word? What feelings did the girl have for Baba Yaga?

Children: fears

Consultant: How does Baba Yaga feel about her?

Children: Wants to eat the girl.

Student consultant: How magical helpers treat the girl7

Children: provide assistance.

Student consultant: Why?

Children: She is kind

Student consultant: Why?: How does Baba Yaga treat assistants?

How do they pay her for it?

Teacher: What two opposing qualities are fighting? What is winning? Why?

Outcome: a reflective analysis of one's own activity.

Place a sign " v ” opposite the line that corresponds to your skills and methods of action

Working with the score sheet.

Project for junior schoolchildren, grade 4 "Baba Yaga - who is she?"

We concluded that Baba Yaga is the favorite fairy-tale hero of children and adults, they learned about her from fairy tales, but who she is - a witch or a goddess, opinions differed. 86% of respondents believe that Baba Yaga is a witch. Everyone would like to know, but who is she really?
We were interested in the image of Baba Yaga, we wanted to understand this issue: “Baba Yaga - a witch or a goddess?”, Therefore, the theme of our project is “Baba Yaga - who is she?”
Hence the purpose of the work is to learn more about the supposedly well-known person, to determine who she is a witch or goddess.
Research objectives:
to analyze the literature on the research problem;
conduct a survey of adults and students;
find out where Baba Yaga lived;
on the example of fairy tales, follow the image of Baba Yaga;
who is Baba - Yaga - does she have prototypes;
to study the life of Baba - Yaga;
to study the trace that Baba - Yaga left in literature;
disprove or confirm hypotheses.
Research methods:
search for information;
questioning;
analysis;
observation;
classification;
generalization.
We have developed an action plan:
conduct tests that will reveal the level of interest and enlightenment of children and adults;
find literature on the topic of interest (in home library, V school library, in the Internet);
research activities;
tell classmates interesting information about Baba Yaga;
make a coloring book for the little ones.
Hypotheses:
Baba - Witch Yaga
Baba - Goddess Yaga
Subject of research: information about Baba Yaga
this work has a great educational and practical orientation: a collection of materials has been prepared with information about Baba Yaga, a selection of poems, songs, drawings; made a coloring book for little ones.
II. Theoretical part.
2.1 About Baba - Yaga in dictionaries
From dictionaries, we learned the following about Baba Yaga:
Baba Yaga - (Yaga (s) Baba, Yagabikha, Yagabova, Yagaya, Yaginishna, Yagikha; Gvozdenzuba - Serbian; Jerzy Baba - Slovenian; Yaga Baba - Bulgarian, etc.) - a mysterious forest old woman, a big woman over witches.
Big soviet encyclopedia: "A witch, a sorceress, a woman - a servant of the devil, allegedly possessing supernatural ability harm people and animals." Here, "God fantastic image powerful supernatural being, acting as an object of religious worship and faith "
The explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language by Vladimir Dal: “A witch or a vydema is a sorceress, a sorceress who, according to the superstition of the people, recognized by evil spirits, a villain who has a ponytail.
Small encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron: “God, an absolute being, not dependent on any causes, but the cause of everything that exists, characterized in most religions as a person acting according to goals and having a will, as the Creator and Provider of the universe, and in some as an impersonal beginning, consistent with the world."
Baba - the first part of the name shows that our heroine is of a very advanced age. After all, our words “grandmother-grandmother”, “grandfather-grandfather” are intended to refer to people of the older generation who have grandchildren. Therefore, the first part of the name of the mistress of the hut on chicken legs not only notes that she is a woman, but also indicates her certain life experience.
Yaga - the second part of the name cannot be unambiguously interpreted. Some believe that our ancestors called the forest woman “yaga”, noting her absurd character or special clothes.

2.2 Image Baba Yagi in folk tales
The most complete source of information about the life of Baba Yaga in the distant past are folk tales. You can see the list of Russian folk tales studied by me in the bibliography of the research work.
From fairy tales, we learned that Baba Yaga lives in a dense forest, in a hut on chicken legs. Fence around the hut made of human bones. There are skulls on the fence, a human leg instead of a bolt, a mouth with sharp teeth instead of a lock. Outwardly, Baba Yaga is an ugly, hunched-over old woman with long tufts of unkempt hair, a long crochet nose, and one bone or golden leg. Baba-Yaga is dressed in one shirt without a belt. Eyes glow red. Baba Yaga has bony hands and sharp iron teeth.
Baba Yaga rides or flies through the air in an iron, stone or fiery mortar, drives with a pestle or stick, sweeps the trail with a broomstick. During the train of Baba Yaga, the winds howl, the earth groans, the cattle roar, centuries-old trees crack and bend. Baba Yaga kidnaps and eats children, whom she throws into the oven with a shovel and roasts.
In other cases, Yaga looks more humane: she helps the good fellows who come to her hut with advice and gives them magical helpers on the road. Baba Yaga loves to make riddles and solve them. She senses the presence of a person and at the meeting she exclaims: "What is it that smells of the Russian spirit." She knows the language of animals and plants.
She is served by black cats, crows, snakes.
So who is she? A good helper or a terrible cannibal?
In general, information about Baba Yaga of those years is extremely contradictory. In the fabulous image of Baba Yaga, the qualities of a positive and negative character are intertwined, as it were. And the fact that Babu Yaga is represented in different ways may also be connected with the ancient image of the Goddess.
2.3 The image of Baba Yaga in modern works
In addition to fairy tales, we read and contemporary works about Baba Yaga. List of studied by us modern fairy tales you can see in the bibliography of the research paper.
Times change, habits change. IN last years the character of Baba Yaga has softened: she almost does not do nasty things and does not eat people at all. Yaga treats children with special sympathy. And she looks more like a village old woman than an evil sorceress. Her life also changed better side. The skulls have disappeared from the fence, the house has become cleaner and more spacious. Yaga's hut now not only spins in one place - she has learned to run.
Out of habit, Yaga still uses a stupa, but increasingly prefers to fly on a broomstick. In a word, despite the natural lameness, Yaga tries to keep up with progress.
We learned a lot about Yaga from fairy tales. But to complete the image, the image of Baba-Yaga is missing. And then we asked our classmates to draw Baba Yaga. You can see some of our work. For the little ones, as part of the project, we have collected a coloring book.
2.4 The image of Baba Yaga in scientific articles
Where to find traces of the divine origin of Yaga? This was the hardest part - reading science articles, understand these smart adults. Here we turned to the teacher and parents for help.
Scientists have tried more than once to understand the image of Baba Yaga, who lives for centuries. She is, as it were, triune, that is, one in three persons. She is the Warrior, and the Giver, and the Kidnapper. She is the Counselor and the Ruler. And each incarnation corresponds to a certain age and function.
The first hypostasis (quality, role) of Baba Yaga is the Warrior, this is a young girl. She thinks about the struggle and victory, the area of ​​her universe is the Sky, that is, she is the Goddess. In fairy tales, she appears as a heroic girl or daughter, the niece of the old Baba Yaga (that is, the young Baba Yaga).
The second hypostasis of Baba Yaga is the Giver and Redeemer from trouble. This is already an adult woman who has received a certain life and magical experience, and has entered the time of childbearing, fertility (for the earth). Perhaps it reflected the image of the Great Goddess, the Mother Goddess, the creator of our world. She has three sons (serpents or giants) and 3 or 12 daughters. Her habitat is Earth. She is also a Goddess, but closer to people, their problems and aspirations. This image can be subdivided into several more: Yaga-Counselor (Yaga herself does nothing for the hero, but indicates who to turn to for help, for example, to her older sister). Yaga-Guardian, Protector (following with the help of her magical assistants (geese, saucers, etc.) the adventures of the hero). She is the Lady of natural phenomena, as well as birds and animals. Sometimes Babu Yaga is called Bereginya. Translated into modern language- Goddess of Ecology. It was Yaga, the keeper of the forest and animals, who protected our nature for many centuries. Therefore, dense forests parted before her and mountains moved apart. Therefore, the great goddess was faithfully served by geese - swans, and wise crows, and all living creatures, with the exception of man.
And the third hypostasis of Baba Yaga is the Kidnapper. This is an old woman, close to death, which means to the afterlife. She is already a master in witchcraft and magic, she can command the forces of nature, animals, forest creatures, and has power over them. And kidnapping (to eat) young people, children, she, as it were, sacrifices them to herself in order to prolong her existence even for a little while.
There is an interpretation according to which Baba Yaga is not a native Slavic character, but an alien one, introduced into Russian culture. There is a version that the name Yagi comes from the word yogi, and she herself is from India. Such a detail is characteristic: in the hut of Baba Yaga there are three couples magic hands do all the housework. Maybe she is served by the six-armed deity Shiva. It is no coincidence that Baba Yaga, like Indian yogis, hermits, lives far from people and leads a solitary life. In addition, her stupa is very reminiscent of sacred Indian structures, which are called stupas.
Other researchers claim that Baba Yaga moved to us from the North. Inhabitants of the northern forests and reindeer herders often set up huts on high poles so that wild animals could not climb into them and so that the houses would not be covered with snow. Hence the "hut on chicken legs."
And there is an assumption that Baba Yaga is a creature of alien origin and arrived on earth from outer space. No wonder she can fly. In fairy tales and myths, it is often mentioned that her stupa is made of iron. It is possible that this is not a stupa, but one of the steps of a multi-stage spaceship. But no matter where Baba Yaga came from - from India, from the North or from outer space - it was in Rus' that she settled many centuries ago.
2.5 Life of Baba Yaga in art
The image of Baba Yaga has long inspired poets and composers. The first poems dedicated to Yaga belonged to A.S. Pushkin, who wrote in Ruslan and Lyudmila:
There, on unknown paths,
Traces of unseen beasts.
Hut there on chicken legs
It stands without windows, without doors ...
There is a stupa with Baba Yaga
It goes, wanders by itself ...
Great composer M.P. Mussorgsky, having painted “pictures from the exhibition”, called one of the plays “Baba Yaga”.
In film and television, this juicy character is also not ignored. Chief Baba Yaga Soviet Union was, of course, Georgy Millyar (1903-1993). “In 16 tales of Row Millar played 30 roles, that is, in each tale he had two or three images. And the crown, of course, was the role of Baba Yaga, for which many auditioned famous actresses: "Fire, water and ... copper pipes"- Vera Altaiskaya," New Year's adventures Masha and Viti” the role of Baba Yaga was played by Valentina Kosobutskaya, in the film “The Book of Masters” the role of Baba Yaga was played by Liya Akhedzhakova. And, of course, you can’t do without the wonderful grandmothers-hedgehogs from the cartoon “ flying ship».
The people composed many songs, ditties, poems about Baba Yaga.
There are few teasers associated with Baba Yaga. And this is quite understandable: Yaga could simply eat their writers and performers. Like it or not, but still teasing a lonely elderly woman is not a very beautiful thing.
Not a single Russian woman has had as many works dedicated to her as Baba Yaga. There is only one explanation for this: Baba Yaga has a character: bright, original, ambiguous.
When one day she was asked: “How do you feel about the fact that you left a big mark on art?” Baba Yaga replied: “In my opinion, my hut left a big mark ...”. She pointed to the print of a chicken paw. However, you can't refuse Yaga's sense of humor!
III. Practical part.
3.1 Creation of Baba Yaga's passport
In order to record everything that we learned about the heroine in the works we read, we developed a form for recording information about Baba Yaga. This form is called "Baba Yaga's Passport".
The passport includes the following items:
Where does he live?
Here is the work
How does he move?
How Yaga moves in the work
What does it look like?
Appearance
Age
How many years
Character
What is the character of Yagi in this work
Means of witchcraft
What does Yaga conjure with?
Good deeds
What good deeds does she do in this tale
Evil deeds
What evil deeds does she do in this tale
Friends
Does Yagi have friends?
Enemies
Does Yagi have enemies
Housing
Where does Baba Yaga live?
Who commands?
Who is subordinate to her
Ingenuity
How Yaga is cunning in a fairy tale
For each fairy tale, we compiled Baba-Yaga's Passport, which we put into a file cabinet.
Based on the results of my analytical work, we compiled a summary passport of Baba - Yaga - the goddess, listing all the most recurring values ​​​​of signs, and Baba - Yaga - the witch.
3.2 Uncleanmer
Having learned a lot about Baba Yaga, the question arose about measuring data about her. How to do it?
We came up with UNCLEAN - a vertical scale showing how close to a witch or goddess is a particular Baba Yaga from the work. Then they compared the received passport with the control points and drew conclusions, made diagrams according to the values ​​of uncleanness.
IV. Conclusion
So who is she - Baba Yaga? This is hard to figure out.
When comparing the passports of Baba Yaga according to Russian folk tales with control points, we came to the conclusion that in fairy tales the number of good and evil deeds of Baba Yaga is almost equal (witch-goddess - 5/4).
Hypothesis 1- Baba Yaga is a witch.
She harms everyone.
Creates obstacles along the way.
Kidnaps children.
It can be put on a shovel and sent to the oven to be eaten later.
She has a terrible look.
Can an ogre be a good deity? No, but Baba Yaga is not a cannibal.
Many tales say that she put children on a shovel to roast in the oven. But this is not the whole truth. The tale brings to us the ancient ritual of baking a child. Its essence was as follows: if a baby was born prematurely, then he was put on a bread shovel and stuck into a warm oven three times, symbolizing the female womb. There the baby "baked", became stronger and more viable. Older children were treated in a similar way if they fell ill. There is such a disease “dryness”, or “dog old age”. But in the old days, a sick child was smeared with warm dough, put on a shovel and thrust into a heated oven three times. In this case, it was believed that the diseases were burned and, together with the smoke, went out through the chimney, and the “re-baked” child became healthier. The village healer performed this ritual. Thus, the version of Baba Yaga, a witch and a healer, is not unfounded. The fairy tale only corrected the plus sign (baking a child benefits him), to a minus sign (the witch fries and eats children). Baba Yaga lived in harmony with nature, knew this folk method very well and cured many village children.
In fact, Baba Yaga did not eat human meat, it was invented by adults to scare young children. After all, before fairy tales were told “by word of mouth”, therefore they endowed her with different qualities and good, and bad ones. Everyone came up with new details for the image of Baba - Yaga - more terrible. And maybe it was not in vain that Baba Yaga scared the people? People stopped being afraid - they began to destroy nature, pollute the atmosphere and water, cut down forests, drain swamps and change the course of rivers. Many species of animals and birds have disappeared. IN Lately Yaga is rarely shown to people. Perhaps it is waiting for us to become more careful and kinder to nature ...
If you read the tales correctly, you can see that mothers did not send their daughters to her at all in order to be eaten. The girls took a real course of various women's wisdom with Yaga: they learned to spin, weave, cook.
A fairy tale is a product of its era, it changes over time, folk thought makes its own corrections to its narrative. Modern Baba Yaga often comes to the aid of the hero, helping him out of difficult situations.
Many still consider Baba Yaga a witch. But there is nothing wrong with that. The word "witch" comes from the word "know", that is, to know. From the same word came the name of the first holy books on earth - the Vedas. Moreover, good female healers who knew various secrets were called witches, and for this they were treated by the people as saints.
Hypothesis 2- Baba Yaga is a goddess. In the consolidated passport of Baba - Yaga, according to the author's fairy tales, there were signs of a goddess - (4), a witch - (2).
Based on the results of the study, we made the following conclusions:
Can do magic.
Shows the hero the way.
Gives good advice.
Can understand the language of animals and birds, commands them.
Negative characters are afraid of her.
Baba Yaga, like nature itself, never reveals all its secrets and remains an eternal mystery to man.
Baba Yaga is not a negative character. However, not positive either. It seems that she has her own code of honor (just like the gods of antiquity) and her own secrets.
So, of the two hypotheses - "Baba Yaga the goddess", "Baba Yaga the witch" - both were confirmed.
Many more generations of children will grow up on Russian fairy tales, where Baba - Yaga is evil and insidious, but at the same time funny, funny, kind. Fairy tales once again remind that good and evil live side by side in this life, but good always wins.
"A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it - a lesson for good fellows." A.S. Pushkin.

Baba Yaga is the wife of Veles and a strong sorceress, about whom many legends were composed in ancient Slavic mythology. Over time, this character gradually turned into an evil, scary, shaggy old cannibal on a bone leg, living in the forest in a strange house on bird legs and luring people to her. However, not all so simple. Has Baba Yaga always been a negative character, and what rituals and traditions are associated with her - read in the material.

What does her name mean and who is she

All variants, except, perhaps, Komi and Sanskrit, suggest something terrible, terrible, evil. However, this Baba Yaga was not always: initially this character was positive.

In pre-Christian Russia, Yaga was considered the most famous coastline, she kept the family and folk traditions. After Rus' was baptized, faith in pagan gods began to be considered heresy and they mostly turned into malicious and terrible creatures. This fate did not pass and Baba Yaga, who became a nasty, angry and ugly old woman, whose appearance and behavior inspired fear.

Yaga - a guide to the afterlife

Then comes the time for treats, and this moment can also be considered as a kind of rite, the so-called mortuary dinner, designed to penetrate into the sinister realm of the dead. It turns out that the hero is alive, but after all the rituals, he is in a strange position, between the living and the dead, which later transformed into the saying "neither alive nor dead."

But after that, he easily falls into the desired kingdom, fulfills his mission there and wins.

Yaga healer and healer

Baba Yaga was not distinguished by beauty.

Many healers really lived very secluded, often settled in the forest. This is understandable - it was more convenient to find the right herbs there and no one could interfere with the process of preparing medicines.

IN old fairy tales it is often mentioned that Baba Yaga roasts babies in the oven, putting them there on a shovel. But, if we recall the ritual of "baking" babies who were sick with rickets, then everything will become clear. The baby was wrapped in a kind of sheet of dough, laid on a shovel for bread and put into a warm heated oven several times. After that, the child was swaddled, the used dough was thrown out into the yard, where it (according to legends - along with the disease) was eaten by dogs.

Sinister attributes and contradictions

Today, no one is afraid of Babu Yaga, she is perceived exclusively as a fairy-tale character.

Protecting her home, she erects a fence of bones, decorated with skulls. This character moves in a mortar, while during the flight he uses a broom to cover his tracks. The stupa looks like an oak log, and in the old days they kept the dead in it. Consequently, Baba Yaga is essentially rushing through the air in a coffin, in an oak mortar. This old woman has the talent of a sorceress, she is able to easily cause damage. Yaga is entertained by the fact that by cunning he lures people into his house, most often young men or children, in order to fry them in his huge oven and eat them.

Indeed, scary. Despite this, if we recall Russian folk tales, it is unlikely that at least one will come to mind in which Baba Yaga carried out her threats. On the contrary, the heroes, getting to the old woman's house, take a steam bath, eat deliciously, sleep sweetly, and then they also receive guidance, advice and gifts. They are offered valuable unusual items, for example, a flying carpet, gusli-samogudy, boots-walkers. With their help, the guest of Baba Yaga receives special power, becomes almost invulnerable, which helps him carry out his plans. Baba Yaga seems to endow the main character with special abilities, helping him defeat evil and achieve his goal. From an evil old woman, a kidnapper and a hooligan, Yaga returns to her original image - albeit a grouchy and absurd, but a kind woman-keeper.

If we analyze folk tales, then Yaga seems to be not just an evil old woman who knows how to conjure. She is something else, able to modify time and space, possessing divine power.

Among the various genres of oral tales, of course, Russian folk tales deserve special attention. It's no secret that Russian folk tales appeared a long time ago and were passed from mouth to mouth, thus surviving until the time when writing arose. This allowed fairy tales to gain popularity among more people, and therefore today each of us can enjoy the richness of the fairy-tale world, its diversity. A fairy tale is one of the main genres of folklore, a popular genre of oral folk art with a focus on fiction.

The world of Russian folk tales is peculiar and mysterious. In it you can meet ordinary people, and merchants with merchants, kings and their daughters, and fictional characters, among which Baba Yaga is perhaps one of the most colorful characters.

Once at the lesson we read the fairy tale "Geese - Swans". One of the characters was Baba Yaga. She was angry - she wanted to wash the girl, steam it, and then put it in the oven, fry it, eat it and ride on her bones.

It became interesting to us, but is Baba Yaga the same in all fairy tales? The teacher and I organized a circle of "Book gatherings". After classes, we gathered in the classroom with our parents, read fairy tales, discussed the image of Baba Yaga. What did we find out?

The same evil, cruel Baba Yaga was only in a fairy tale called "Baba Yaga". She wanted the same to eat the girl. Throws himself in pursuit, gritting his teeth in anger. And having met an obstacle on the way in the form of a river, he begins to drink water from the river. And Baba Yaga burst!

1. We have read fairy tales:

"Enchanted Queen"

"Go there - I don't know where, bring that - I don't know what"

"The Tale of Vasilisa the Wise"

"The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water",

"Ivan the Lesser - big mind»,

"Finist - a clear falcon",

"Princess Frog",

"Maria Morevna"

In these tales, Baba Yaga meets those who come to her unfriendly at first, grumbles, and when she finds out the reason for the arrival, she feeds, waters, soars in the bathhouse, talks with guests, she can even affectionately call: good fellow, child.

And also helps - gives advice or points the way.

2. Where does Baba Yaga live?

In a dense forest (or in a clearing), alone - alone, in a hut on chicken legs (or on one chicken leg, or on a sparrow leg, on a spindle heel, on mutton horns). The hut has one window, it can turn back to the forest, and to the guests in front, or maybe from east to west. The hut may not be surrounded by a fence, but sometimes it is surrounded by a fence or a palisade with skulls.

3. What does Baba Yaga look like?

She is old, gray-haired, toothless, or with one canine. In the hut he sits with his legs spread out from one corner to another, he keeps his teeth on a shelf, his nose has grown into the ceiling. Can be located on the ninth brick on the stove. Despite his age, he moves quickly and even screams in a loud voice and whistles with a valiant whistle. Knows how to spin a tow.

4. Does Baba Yaga have any relatives?

Yes, I have. Daughter - Marya Tsarevna, wife of Andrei the shooter. He recognizes his son-in-law by the fly that Tsarevna Marya gave him for the journey. There are sisters: middle and older. There is a niece - the maiden Sineglazka, Bogatyrka, the daughter of one of the sisters. The older sister has a son - the Serpent Gorynych, the nephew of the rest of the women-Yags.

5. Are there magical things?

A ball of wool is guiding, a mortar with a pestle and a broom - for movement; towel, comb; has power over violent winds; silver saucer and golden egg, a silver hoop and a gold needle, a silver bottom and a gold spindle; silver apples; a herd of magical horses, a raven is a prophetic bird. He gives many of these things, some he uses for his own purposes, some lead to the death of Baba Yaga.

6. Unusual Baba Yaga.

At one of the meetings, we read the fairy tale "Ivan Tsarevich and Bely Polyanin" and saw a completely different Baba Yaga!

Baba Yaga has a golden leg, she runs very fast, so it is difficult to catch up with her. Lives underground in big city in the wards, holding a girl in captivity. There is an innumerable army (which tailors and shoemakers make for her), she has been fighting Bely Polyanin for 30 years. Dies from the sword of Ivan Tsarevich.

7. Baba Yaga in Slavic mythology.

After reading the fairy tales, we wanted to know where the image of Baba Yaga came from. Here's what we learned.

Our distant ancestors gave Baba Yaga a completely different meaning. Loose, disheveled hair symbolized the connection with other world. According to tradition, braids were untwisted for a dead woman. A bone leg is also a sign of a long-dead person. Yes, and she flies in a mortar, she sweeps her trail, because the Slavs, sending the deceased on his last journey, always covered his trail so that he would not return to the world of the living. And the stupa is very similar in shape to a wooden coffin. Therefore, the conclusion suggests itself: Baba Yaga - for a long time deceased woman.
And why does she have a hut on chicken legs? It turns out that according to Slavic custom, while the soul of a deceased person has not yet been determined, a “dwelling” was built for her. The ritual doll was placed in a special house and placed on a felled tree. Take a closer look at the roots of trees chicken legs. By the way, among the peoples of the north, this custom has been preserved to this day.
Very interesting is the fact that everyone comes to Baba Yaga for advice. In almost all fairy tales, Ivan the Tsarevich receives magical items that help him in his "adventures".
If we turn to the origin of the "name" "Baba Yaga", we will see the following interpretation. Baba was a woman who had already given birth to a child. "Yaga" - fire - fire. That is, it turns out that Baba Yaga is a woman - a fire or a fiery woman. There was a verb "yagat" - to shout. This is a special cry, in which very strong energy was concentrated. This cry was issued by hunters and women in childbirth. Based on this, it turns out that Baba Yaga is the main mother who knew and knew how to do everything.
And how often in fairy tales you can hear: “Now I’ll put it on a shovel - and into the oven!”. But if you remember all the fairy tales, you will not find a single one where Baba Yaga would roast at least one child. And it came from the fact that there was a rite of baking a sick child. A midwife wrapped a sick child in the charmed dough and sent it to the oven on a bread shovel. After a while, she took it out, unfolded it, and gave the dough to the dogs. And interestingly, after such a procedure, the child was on the mend.

District scientific and practical conference

Research

"The image of Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales".

Done by: 3rd grade student

MBOU "Zheleznogorsk secondary school No. 4":

Lapina Tatiana

Head: Savicheva I.A.

Zheleznogorsk-Ilimsky, 2016

Introduction……………………………………….……………………………………3

Goals and objectives of the project……...……………………….…………………………..3

Main part.

General characteristics of Baba Yaga……………………………………… 3

Baba Yaga - mythological creature ……………………………… 4

The main features of the image of Baba Yaga……………………………………… 5

Dwelling of Baba - Yaga ………………………………………………….. 6

Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales ……………………………… 7

General conclusions ……………………………………………………… 7

Analysis of the research results……………………………………………. 8

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………… 9

Glossary of terms …………………………………………………………… 10

Literature ……………………………………………………………………….. 11

Application …………………………………………………………………. 12

The image of Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales.

Where does the fairy tale live? Yes, everywhere: in a dense forest, in a field, at a crossroads, in a rustle of foliage ... A fairy tale was born with a person, and as long as a person lives, a fairy tale is also alive. Fairy tales are loved by everyone: both adults and children. They have many different miracles. Has anyone thought about how Baba Yaga got into the fairy tale? Why does she eat small children? Why does she live alone in a dark forest? Who invented it? Is this a fictional character? Or maybe Baba Yaga is a mythological creature? We decided to learn more about it and find answers to our questions.

Subject. "The image of Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales".

Target. Analyze the image of Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales and draw a conclusion about its essence.

Tasks. Learn from additional literature about Baba Yaga; conduct a survey on the topic of work among students; read Russian folk tales in which Baba Yaga acts; analyze the image of Baba Yaga and draw conclusions.

Object of study. Baba Yaga.

Subject of study. Russian folk tales.

Hypothesis. Suppose Baba Yaga is a fictional character in Russian folk tales.

Research methods. Reflections, reading books, survey, analysis of results.

Main part

General characteristics of Baba Yaga

Baba Yaga is an old blind humpbacked witch with a long nose and disheveled hair. It feeds on human flesh, and is called "bone leg".
In the encyclopedia, I found the following definition: Baba Yaga is a popular character in Russian folk tales. In the Orthodox mind - the embodiment of the satanic forces of evil, an expression of hatred for everything Russian.
Baba Yaga lives in the forest, in a hut on chicken legs, sometimes surrounded by a palisade of human bones. The hut can turn around itself. Various animals live in Baba Yaga's house: black cats, mice, frogs, crows and snakes. They are her advisers and guards.
Baba Yaga does not walk, but travels around the world in an iron mortar (scooter chariot), driving it with a pestle or an iron club. And so that no traces are visible, she sweeps them with a broom or broom.
Baba Yaga possesses magical things: a flying carpet, self-gusli harp, a treasure sword, walking boots and many others.

Such an environment allows her to live peacefully on the border of two worlds: the world of the living and the world of the dead.

Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales

First, I decided to conduct a survey among the students in my class, because I became interested: what do other students think about Baba Yaga? They were asked to answer the following questions:

1. Who is Baba Yaga?
2. How do you imagine her?
3. Where does she live?
4. What does he do?
5. What does a bony leg look like?

Then I independently analyzed the image of Baba Yaga. To do this, I read 10 Russian folk tales that talked about Baba Yaga.
In all Russian folk tales, Baba Yaga plays important role. Heroes sometimes resort to it, as to last resort, the last helper. But in fairy tales, it either helps or it doesn't.
The results of my research on the following fairy tales: "Geese-Swans", "The Frog Princess", "Vasilisa the Beautiful", "Baba Yaga", "Marya Morevna", "Ivan Tsarevich and Bely Polyanin", "Go there - I don't know where , bring something - I don’t know what”, “The Enchanted Princess”, “Finist the Clear Falcon”, “The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water” - I wrote it down in the table. (Application)

Yaga's behavior is reminiscent of the rites of our ancestors:

Bath procedures

Treats

Rite of "baking"

This rite was performed on sick or weak children. Its essence was as follows: if the baby was born prematurely, then he was put on a bread shovel and stuck into a warm oven three times. There the baby "baked", became stronger and more viable. The village healer performed this ritual

General conclusions

Thus, in the tales I read, Baba Yaga appears as an old, toothless woman, she has a long nose.
Baba Yaga lives in the forest, in a hut on chicken legs, which turns its back to the forest, and to the stranger in front; the fence around the hut is made of human bones, on the fence there are skulls, instead of doors - legs, instead of locks - hands, instead of a lock - a mouth with sharp teeth.
Heroes address Baba Yaga affectionately - "grandmother". Baba Yaga helps heroes who deserve it, although she cannot stand the Russian spirit. In 6 tales out of 10, Baba Yaga is a positive character, in 4 tales - a negative one. So, Baba Yaga cannot be considered only an evil and grumpy sorceress.
Baba Yaga has magical things, various animals serve her. Chasing fairy-tale heroes who run away from her, she chases them with a black cloud. In two tales, Baba Yaga dies: in one, she fell into a fiery river from a bridge (“Marya Morevna”), in another, Ivan Tsarevich cuts off her head (“Ivan Tsarevich and Bely Polyanin”). In three tales Baba Yaga has sisters, in one tale even children (41 daughters). This tale is unusual in that Baba Yaga does not live in a hut on chicken legs, but in white-stone chambers.
Baba Yaga knows the future, has countless treasures, secret knowledge. Baba Yaga is the owner of fire ("Vasilisa the Beautiful"), magical things, knowledge that helps the protagonist defeat his opponent ("The Frog Princess").
In all fairy tales, Baba Yaga acts in several incarnations:

1) Yaga the hero ("Ivan Tsarevich and Bely Polyanin"), where she fights on equal terms with the heroes;

2) Yaga the kidnapper (“Geese Swans”, “Baba Yaga”), where she steals children;

3) Yaga-giver (in all other fairy tales), where she greets the main character or heroine affably, treats deliciously, soars in the bathhouse, gives helpful tips, gives rich gifts.

4) Yaga-mistress. The mistress of the forces of nature and the animal world (rules the morning, evening, night, wind, wolves, bears, and other forest animals).

... Baba Yaga came out and said to her worker:

Go, heat the bath, and wash your niece, but look, it’s good

"Baba Yaga"

... Baba - Yaga began to go to bed and says:

When I leave tomorrow, you look - clean the yard, sweep the hut, cook dinner, prepare the linen.

"Vasilisa the Beautiful"

5) Yaga is an adviser. Baba Yaga herself does nothing for the hero, but indicates who to turn to for help, for example, to her older sister.
…Listen, step along the path. And you will reach the pond, hide behind a tree and wait for the time. ("Vasilisa the Wise")
6) Yaga is the patroness. Takes the hero under his wing, monitors the adventures of the hero with the help of his magical assistants (owls, saucers).
But I will help you. Here's a silver saucer and a golden egg for you.
("Finist is a clear falcon")

Analysis of the results of the study

Based on the connections between various objects, phenomena, actions of Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales, one can conclude about her essence.
Baba Yaga tests people, punishes them (destroys), gives a ball (guiding thread), gives advice that contributes to the achievement of the goal, “feels with the heart”, which means she knows fate.
Baba Yaga kidnaps and eats children and people, is associated with night and darkness, she is served by a black cat, she is always old, half-skeleton (bone leg), she is blind, does not see, but smells with her nose (“it smells of the Russian spirit”), lives in a hut without windows and doors, around her house - a fence of skulls; the fire given by her can kill, which means she is associated with death and underworld.
Baba Yaga lives in a dense forest, in a hut on chicken legs (semi-animal appearance). Wild animals serve her, swan geese serve her, which means that she is the mistress of animals and forests.
Baba Yaga flies on a mortar, geese-swans serve her, she raises the wind with a broom, whistles (the whistle is associated with the wind), which means that she is associated with the air element.
Baba Yaga is subject to morning, day, night (white, red and black horsemen), which means she is the mistress of time.
Baba Yaga is in charge of fire (the eyes of skulls in the fence), lies on the stove, punishes people (destroys), morning, day, night are subject to her, which means that she is associated with heavenly, underground and domestic fire. (Application.)

Thus, my research has shown that Baba Yaga is a fictional fairy tale character. Her prototype is the Slavic goddess of death. The essence of the image of Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales has more deep meaning than just an angry grumpy old woman. This is the image of the majestic figure of the ancient goddess, commanding Time, Fire, Air, Wild Beasts and Forest, Life and Death, Fate.

My guess was confirmed.

III. Conclusion

During my research, I found answers to many questions. I read many Russian folk tales, learned the meaning of words I did not understand, conducted a survey among students on the research topic, learned a lot about Baba Yaga from additional literature. According to fairy tales, I concluded about the essence of the image of Baba Yaga. I really enjoyed analyzing stories. I realized that you should always be very careful when reading any work of art, since only thoughtful reading will allow you to make some new discoveries.

Glossary of terms

Baba Yaga is a popular character in Russian folk tales. As a rule, an evil old woman-sorceress.

Yaga - to sting, to hurt, to torment.

“Chicken legs” - this name most likely came from “smoke”, that is, fumigated with smoke, pillars on which the Slavs put a “hut of death”.

Myth - ancient folk tale about legendary heroes, gods, about natural phenomena; false story, fabrication.

Mythology - a set of myths of some people; the science that studies myths.

Pestle - a short heavy rod with a rounded end for crushing something in a mortar. Stone, copper, wooden pestle.

Pomelo - a stick with a rag wound on the end, a washcloth, needles for sweeping, a broom.

Fairy tale - ancient folk genre narrative literature, mostly of a fantastic nature, aimed at moralizing or entertainment.

A stupa is a heavy metal, wooden or stone vessel in which grains, bark, leaves, etc. are crushed with a pestle. Stupa with Baba Yaga (in fairy tales about Baba Yaga, who flies in a mortar and with a broom)

Annex 1.

Appendix 2

Appendix 3

The image of Baba Yaga in Russian folk tales

Literature.

Potebnya A.A., On the mythical meaning of some rituals and beliefs. [ch.] 2 - Baba Yaga, “Readings in the Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities”, M., 1865, book. 3;